Grammar review: Verb forms & Tenses Gerund & Infinitives Modal verbs Passive voice PART 1: VERB FORMS & TENSES I Công thức Cách sử dụng Ngữ thời gian Cách thêm hậu tô THỜI HIỆN TẠI Thời Hiện Đơn giản (+) S + V/Vs/es (-) S +don’t/doesn’t +V (?) Do/Does + S + V? • Thói quen • Tình lâu dài • Sự thật hiển nhiên • Lịch trình, chương trình • Tiêu đề báo, điểm tin • Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never ) • Every Monday/ week/ month • Once/twice a week… • + s: works, stays • +es: vao sau đông tư kết thúc bằng: -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x • p/âm +y -ies studies, fies, II Công thức Cách sử dụng Thời Hiện Tiếp diễn (+) S+ be+ Ving (-) S+ be + not+ Ving (?) Be + S+ Ving ? • Hành động diễn thời điểm nói xung quanh khoảng thời gian • Tình tạm thời • Kế hoạch cụ thể cho tương lai gần • Sự phàn nàn thói quen khó chịu • Now, right now, at the moment, at present • Today, this week/month/ year • +ing: • Nhân đơi phụ âm ći rời mới thêm –ing: • Bỏ “e” câm rời mới thêm –ing: Chủn – ie -ying: Thời Hiện Hoàn thành (+) S+ have/has +Pii (-) S+haven’t/hasn’t+Pii (?) Have/has+ S +Pii ? • Hành động bắt đầu khứ vừa kết thúc • Hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp tục tương lai • Hành động thực khứ, kết lưu • Recently, lately, already, never, just, yet • For/ since • It’s the first time Thời Hiện Hoàn thành tiếp diễn S+have/has+been+Ving S+haven’t/hasn’t+been+Ving Have/has+S+ been+Ving ? • Hành động bắt đầu khứ tiếp diễn đến tại, kéo dài đến tương lai • Thường nhấn mạnh đến tính chất tiếp diễn hành động • for/ since/ just/ by • -ed: • Đông tư kết thúc la –e, thi chỉ thêm –d: • Đơng tư kết thúc bằng p/âm +y -ied • Đơng tư co âm tết, hoăc âm tết ma trọng âm rơi vao âm tết thứ hai thi nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi mới thêm –ed: THỜI QUÁ KHỨ Quá khứ Đơn giản Quá khứ Tiếp diễn Quá khứ Hoàn thành (+) S + V/Vd/ed S +didn’t +V Did + S + V ? • Thói quen khứ • Hành động bắt đầu kết thúc (+) S+ was/were+ Ving S+ was/were + not+ Ving Was/were + S+ Ving ? • Hành động diễn thời điểm định khứ (+) S+ had +Pii S+hadn’t+Pii Had+ S +Pii ? • Hành động xảy kết thúc trước hành động khác khứ Quá khứ Hoàn thành tiếp diễn (+) S+had +been+Ving S+hadn’t +been+Ving Had+S+ been+Ving ? • Hành động bắt đầu diễn thời gian trước thời điểm hành động khác khứ không liên quan đến • Các hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ • • Ngữ thời gian • • Cách thêm hậu tô Yesterday Last week/ summmer/ year In January/ 2001 An hour/ a week ago Xem phần thời hồn thành • Hai hành động xảy đồng thời khứ • Thường kết hợp với thời QKĐG để diễn tả tình huống: hành động xảy (QKTD) có hành động khác xen vào (QKĐG) • at that moment, • at one/ two o’clock • while/ when • Hành động xảy kết thúc trước thời điểm khứ • Có thể thay thời QKDG ngữ cảnh cho biết rõ ràng thứ tự hành động khứ • Thường nhấn mạnh đến tính chất tiếp diễn hành động • before/ after/ as soon as • when • by • before/ after/ as soon as/ • when • by THỜI TƯƠNG LAI: So sánh một sô cấu trúc diễn đạt ý nghĩa tương lai Tương lai đơn giản: a) Công thức: (+) S + will + V (-) S + will not + V (?) Will + S + V? b) Cách sử dụng: • Diễn tả định thời điểm nói: E.g The telephone is ringing I’ll answer it • Diễn tả suy đốn dựa ý kiến kinh nghiệm chủ quan người nói E,g I think he’ll get the job • Diễn tả lời đề nghị, mời mọc, hứa hẹn E.g I’ll write to you every day Will you open the door please? Tương lai gần (be going to do) a) Công thức: (+) S + am/is/ are + going to (- ) S + am/ is/ are + not going to (?) Am/is/ are + S + going to b) Cách sử dụng: • Thơng báo kế hoạch E.g A: Why have you bought so much food? B: Oh, I am going to have a party tonight • Diễn tả suy đốn dựa chứng III E.g The sky is cloudy It’s going to rain 3) Thời tiếp diễn (Be doing) Dùng để diễn tả kế hoạch cụ thể xắp xếp cho tương lai E.g He’s flying to Paris tomorrow 4) Thời đơn giản: E.g The play starts at 7.30 p.m PART II: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES Verb + to afford decide like agree deserve arrange fail forget hope learn manage Offer plan promise Refuse threaten Verb + (how/ what/ whether…) + to ask decide know explain learn understand would would love would prefer remember forget Verb + Obj + to Want ask help would like Expect beg mean would prefer Tell remind force encourage Order warn invite persuade Advise recommend allow enable Verb + Obj + Make Let Verb+ doing Stop postpone keep Finish consider Have admit avoid imagine deny risk fancy Verb Like + to do/ doing love Verb + to do/ doing: có thay đổi nghĩa Remember forget Remember to do: continue hate stop try Remember doing: A A A A A A A A A E.g You should remember to the homework E.g – I remember washing my wife’s clothes Forget to do: E.g – I forgot to turn off the light 3.Stop to E.g When I met my friend, I stopped to talk 4.Try to E.g – We are trying to pass the exam Forget doing: E.g – I forget borrowing money from you Stop doing: E.g I feel tired, so I stop working Try doing: E.g – Have you tried using this detergent? EXERCISE 1: Complete each sentence with the correct form of t verb in brackets Please remember ……… ……….the door when you go out (lock) She still remembers ………… ……… you when you were small (look after) I’m trying to concentrate on ……… ……….…, so please don’t make so much noise (work) We tried ………… … the fire out but without success We had to call the fire brigade (put out) I need a change I need …………… ………for a while (go away) Whenever they meet each other, they stop ………… ……… with each other (talk) The students stopped ………… ……… when the teacher entered (talk) She promised …………… ……… harder the next semester (work) The teacher asked all of his students …to attend… the meeting on Saturday (attend) 10 My friend suggested …………… ……… on a picnic next Sunday (go) 11 Pat wanted ………… …………a fire fighter like his father (become) 12 The man didn’t admit …………… ……… too fast (drive) EXERCISE 2: Choose the correct answer I used to ………………to London more often than I now driving B driven C drove D drive The boy was made ……………… his homework to B C doing D to doing I hope they’ll concentrate on ……………….their computer skills to improve B improving C improve D improved The boy admitted ……………… the window broken B breaking C to break D break Would you like ………………my dictionary? borrowing B borrow C to borrow D borrowed Please remind me ……………the letter post B posting C to post D to have posted I prefer ………………things to reading books B did C done D doing By ……………….the housework done, we have time to further our studies taking B to have C having D letting Tom wants ……………….up early tomorrow because he is on duty at school get B got C getting D to get 10 Why did you avoid ……………… my question yesterday? A to answer B answering C answer D answers PART III: MODAL VERBS • Động từ khuyết thiếu có dạng động từ, khơng thêm đuôi –s/-es vào sau động từ thứ số Ví dụ: I/You/ He/ She/It/ We /They can speak English • Động từ khuyết thiếu ln kết hợp với động từ nguyên thể: Ví dụ: You should call Stella Cách sử dụng một sô động từ khuyết thiếu: Động từ khuyết thiếu Can/ can’t Cách sử dụng Could/ couldn’t - May/may not - Diễn đạt suy đốn việc xảy Must/ mustn’t - Diễn đạt khả tương lai Dùng câu xin phép, đề nghị, cho phép Diễn đạt khả khứ Dùng câu xin phép, đề nghị, cho phép tương lai Dùng để xin phép, cho phép Diễn đạt cần thiết, bắt buộc Đưa lời suy luận chắn Musn’t diễn đạt cấm đốn Ví dụ - He can play the piano Can I leave early? He could play the piano when he was five Could I use the phone? - It may rain later - May I use the phone? - You must get up earlier - She is Miss World She must be beautiful - You mustn’t leave your bike here It’s not allowed Students have to wear uniforms on Monday Have to/don’t have to Should/ shouldn’t - Diễn đạt cần thiết, nghĩa vụ - Đưa lời khuyên - You should watch less TV - Children shouldn’t eat too much sugar Will/ will not Diễn đạt, suy đốn tình việc xảy tương lai Dùng yêu cầu, lời mời lịch - I think it will rain later Would/ wouldn’t Would you like some orange juice? EXERCISE 1: Underline the mistake in each sentence and write the correct words My older brother can to ride a motorbike, but I can’t ……………… He’ll has his dinner early today because he’s going out ……………… Do you can come to my party? ……………… You should to see a doctor about your foot … ………… I couldn’t bought any bread because the baker’s was closed … …………… You haven’t to the washing up I’ve already done it … …………… The school should to listen to pupils’ opinions …… ………… People shouldn’t to drop their rubbish in the street ……………… EXERCISE 2: Underline the correct word or phrase I’ve been having swimming lessons and now I can/ could swim really well Please could/ should I use your mobile phone? Mine doesn’t have any power Sam could/ should get a job instead of complaining about having no money Okay, yes, - you can/ should leave five minutes early today 5 Do you think I have to/ should tell Michael the truth about what happened? I can’t/ couldn’t read until I was five years old I’m sorry, but you can’t/ couldn’t leave your car there Tracy can/ could sing really when she was small EXERCISE 3: Underline the correct word/ phrase “Smoking isn’t allowed in the airport.” You mustn’t/ don’t have to smoke in the airport “It’s not necessary to come to the train station to meet me.” You have to/ don’t have to meet her at the train station “We were forced to wait for over two hours in the rain!” They had to/ didn’t need to wait for over two hours in the rain “The instructions tell you to write in pencil.” You must/ needn’t write in pencil “You can contact us by either phone or email” You mustn’t/ don’t have to phone them “In my country, you can carry your passport with you if you want, but it’s not necessary” In her country, you don’t have to/ mustn’t carry your passport with you PART IV: PASSIVE VOICE Cách chia đợng từ: Be + Pii Ví dụ: Everyone is invited Some people aren’t invited Thời động từ Thể chủ động Thời đơn giản V/ V-s/-es They play football Thời tiếp diễn Am/is/ are + Ving They are playing football Thời hoàn Have/ has + Pii thành They have played football Thời khứ đơn giản V-d/-ed Thể bị động Am/is/ are + Pii Football is played Am/is/ are + being+ Pii Football is being played Have/ has + been + Pii Football has been played Was/ were + Pii Thời khứ tiếp diễn Be going to Động từ khuyết thiếu They played football Was/ were + Ving They were playing football Be going to + V They are going to play football Can/may/ must… + V They can play football Football was played Was/ were + being+ Pii Football was being played Be going to + be + Pii Football is going to played Can/may/ must… + be + Pii Football can be played Cách sử dụng thể bị động: Thể bị động sử dụng không quan tâm tới hay gây hành động mà quan tâm tới kết đối tượng hành động Ví dụ: My sister’s bike was stolen yesterday He is given a present Cách chuyển câu từ chủ động sang bị đợng: • Lấy tân ngữ câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ câu bị động; • Dùng công thức động từ bị động TO BE + Pii Thời động từ câu chủ động thời động từ câu bị động • Nếu muốn nhắc tới ai/cái gây hành động dùng “by+Obj.” (e.g by him, by her, by the students, by Mary) Các chủ ngữ They, people, everybody, somebody… lược bỏ Ví dụ: Mary buys a new hat A new hat is bought by Mary S V O S People speak English all over the world English is spoken all over the world by people EXERCISE 1: Underline the wrong words/ phrases in each sentence Then, write the correct word/ phrase Every year, several prizes are giving to the best students ……………… When the pizza was delivering, it was cold … …………… You will be telling when you can come in … …………… That song doesn’t played on the radio very often, is it … …………… You money was stealing out of you bag? … …………… We haven’t allowed to use a dictionary in the exam yesterday … …………… That film hasn’t shown in our local cinema for a long time …………… … I will picked up from the station on Saturday … …………… EXERCISE 2: Complete using the correct passive form of the verbs in brackets When people ………….… , they ………… …………… to the police station (arrest, take) Milk ……………………in the fridge (usually/ keep) …….…………………what’s in next week’s test? (we/ tell) How did people communicate over long distances before the phone ……………………… (invent)? …………………………… to come to the party last Saturday? (you/ allow) You ……………………………your exam results next Monday (give) … ………………………… yesterday? (Aidan’s bike/ find) EXERCISE 3: Write each sentence in such a way that it doesn’t change the meaning of the first sentence Will they send the letters first class? Will the letters ……………………………… ? I’m not sure if they eat pizza in China? I’m not sure if pizza ………………………….? They don’t make cars in this factory Cars ………………………………………….… Do they usually feed the animals three times a day? Are ……………………………………………? Did they take her to hospital in an ambulance? Was she ………………………………….……? I think John has taken my jacket I think my …………………………………… ? They should cook the chicken for at least an hour The chicken ……………………………………? They are recording the conversation The conversation ……………………………… ... forget Verb + Obj + to Want ask help would like Expect beg mean would prefer Tell remind force encourage Order warn invite persuade Advise recommend allow enable Verb + Obj + Make Let Verb+ doing... 7.30 p.m PART II: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES Verb + to afford decide like agree deserve arrange fail forget hope learn manage Offer plan promise Refuse threaten Verb + (how/ what/ whether…) + to ask... doing Stop postpone keep Finish consider Have admit avoid imagine deny risk fancy Verb Like + to do/ doing love Verb + to do/ doing: có thay đổi nghĩa Remember forget Remember to do: continue hate