Career paths agriculture TB kho tài liệu học tiếng anh

Neil 0' Sullivan James D Libbin Neil O'Sull ivan lames D Libbin , • ~ Express Publishing ~u!qS!1qnd ssaJdxll ~ U!qq!l '0 SeWBr UBA!llnS ,Q l!eN Published by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 6HW Tel.: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635817463 e-mail: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk http://www.expresspublishing.co.uk © Express Publishing, 2011 Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2011 First published 2011 Made in EU All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form , or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers This book is not meant to be changed in any way ISBN 978-0-78098-379-0 Table of Contents f:) Answer Key Audioscripts 12 ~ Answer Key 14 Audioscripts 23 f:) Answer Key 26 Audioscripts 36 Book Answer Key Unit Unit Suggested Answer Suggested Answer In the USA, Native Americans began farming roughly 7000 years ago Farmers first grew squash and maize F T F C E D F B A A water supply 2 B Irrigation B harvesting A Farming My favourite fruits are cherries and mangos My favourite vegetables are carrots and potatoes Non-food products that come from plants include clothing, rope, and furniture melons, strawberries, blueberries broccoli, peas, lettuce, tubers, legumes granola hemp shoes, shirts, hats D E C A B F B B B Suggested Answer Agriculture started in the Fertile Crescent Farmers used the Nile River to water their crops Extra food was used to feed domesticated animals B A Excuse me crops ditches water control 4 A Suggested Answer At the market you can find fresh fruit (such as melons, strawberries and blueberries) and fresh vegetables (such as broccoli, peas and lettuce) You can also find cereal and clothing gates potatoes, strawberries, granola Suggested Answer A: Excuse me, Mr Brown I have a question B: Great What is it? A: How did early farmers irrigate their crops? B: Oh, with ditches They connected their fields and the Nile river A: Okay So, water moved through the ditches to the fields B: Exactly! A: Then, I have another question How did they control the water? B: The ditches had gates They opened and water flowed through Suggested Answer Name: Sam Johnstone Date: 11/12 Class: 10 C Subject: History Farmers got water from the Nile River Water came to the fields in ditches They controlled the water by opening and closing gates in the ditches Answer Key How much granola Cereal crops help you strawberries potatoes Suggested Answer B: Welcome to the farmer's market Can I help you? A: Yes please I want some fresh vegetables B: These peas are very fresh A: Okay, great I'd also like some potatoes and some broccoli How much are they? B: The peas are $2 a pound, the potatoes are $1.50 and the broccoli is $4.00 A: I'll take two pounds of each one please B: Okay Anything else today? A: No, thank you Suggested Answer Date of Sale: 03/08 Items Purchased: 21b Peas 21b Potatoes 21b Broccoli Price: $4.00 $3.00 $8.00 Total Amount Due: $15.00 Book Answer Unit Good soil is important because it provides crops with nutrients to grow The more nutrients the soil has the better the crops will grow Suggested Answer Different types of meat come from different animals, they include: beef (cow), pork (pig), poultry (chicken), venison (deer) and lamb (sheep) Other products that come from animals include leather, wool and tallow C 2 D A A Milk A Leather A meat B wool B protein B By-products fat bones hooves rendering F Listen up you mean T T soil structures clay D B E humus Aeration Loam C F Suggested Answer When planting tomatoes you need to take into consideration the amount of water and air their roots will have access to tallow F chemicals expensive F A Before it is used to produce soaps animal fat is rendered T Suggested Answer Key I'm sorry most soaps Suggested Answer A: Listen up We have a new product to sell Mr Vlass will tell us about it B: Okay Customers want natural products, right? So we made an all-natural candle A: What you mean by "all-natural"? B: There are no extra chemicals It's made of Tallow A: I'm sorry What's tallow? B: Oh, Tallow is rendered animal fat It's used in most soaps and candles A: Is it expensive? B: No, It's very cheap because it's a by-product that few people use Each candle will cost 1Qc A: That is cheap! A D soil larger pot s In that case good aeration holds water I'll take it Suggested Answer A: B: A: B: A: Hi Can I help you with anything? Yes I need some soil OK Is it for indoor or outdoor plants? It's for outdoor plants What kind of plant is it for? Houseplants? Flowering plants? Vegetables? B: I have some tomatoes I would like to plant A: In that case you should use VegeGrow It has good aeration and holds water well, too B: Okay I'll take it Thanks for your help Suggested Answer Product Name: VegeGrow VegeGrow can be used for indoor or outdoor plants It supports houseplant and vegetable growth Best of all, it has good aeration and holds water better than any product Suggested Answer Product: Candle Description/Special Qualities: All natural Main Ingredient: Tallow Expected Costs: 1Qc per candle Unit Suggested Answer In the USA we have many different types of soil Dark, rich soil is used for growing crops, loose, sandy soil is found in the deserts, and clay which is not very fertile can be found throughout the USA Unit Suggested Answer Farmers get water from rain, rivers and wells Water shortages limit the amount of water a farmer has to water their crops Without water, crops fail With no crops to sell the farmer will have no income B B A Answer Key Book Answer A ditch A rainfall A drought -resistant B D C Key B groundwater B shortage B rain-fed seeds A Suggested Answer bulk dormancy days to maturity sowing methods The broccoli will be edible in approximately weeks Suggested Answer Less rainfall in the mountains has limited the water cycle, meaning there will be less rain in the future F T T could be drought-resistant won't help Suggested Answer A: I'm worried My vegetables won't survive if this drought continues B: I feel the same way My corn and brocceli aren't doing well A: What are you going to about it? B: I might expand my irrigation system A: That could be very expensive B: I agree But I don't know what else to A: You could always plant drought-resistant vegetables next year B: That's a good idea It will cost less But it won't help this year Suggested Answer Farm Report Date: 09/07 Crops planted: Corn, Broccoli Crop Condition: Not doing well Water problems: Drought Possible Solutions: Expand irrigation system, plant drought -resistant vegetables Unit Suggested Answer When planting in fields farmers use machines to plant seeds When planting in a greenhouse or small containers they it by hand Seeds need good soil and water to grow F T T A B E F D Answer Key C F bulk No thanks come in Suggested Answer A: Hi there Welcome to Braxton Farms How can I help you? B: Hi, I'd like to buy some seeds A: Great What varieties are you interested in? B: I want some cucumber, the Green Giant, and some zucchini, the Imperial Blue A: I'm sorry I didn't catch that B: The Green Giant cucumber and the Imperial Blue zucchini A: Got it Also we have a special today on bulk orders You get 20% off B: No thanks I only need three packets of each A: Well, they come in packs of for $6.99 Suggested Answer Seed variety: Green Giant cucumber Number of packets: Seed variety: Imperial blue zucchini Number of packets: Discount? N Total Price: $13.98 Unit Suggested Answer As they grow plants get bigger Their roots grow longer in order to draw more water and to support the plant Leaves increase in size and number and most plants produce flowers Roots- The roots absorb water and anchor the plant into the ground Stem- The stem supports the plant and contains the pipes that carry water and nutrients from the leaves to the roots Leaves- The leaves capture light and turn it into food through a process called photosynthesis Flowers- flowers are the plants reproductive organ 2 F watermelon didn't catch Got it T survive about expand Book Answer F F T B C A yield threshing growth chart Flowering seed head Gardeners like quinoa because it contains a lot of protein and can grow in different environments F F doing well few acres or so didn't you at first takes a while During this year's harvest one field matured later than expected, farmers reaped several bushels too early and there was a problem with the equipment during threshing A: Peter, you planted quinoa for the first time this year, didn't you? B: I did I was worried at first, but it seems okay now A: Worried? Why? B: It was growing so slowly But it just takes a while for the buds to flower A: Oh, so they're doing well? B: Yeah, they are We expect to harvest them next week A: That's great How much you expect to harvest? B: Well, we planted acres So probably four thousand pounds or so Suggested Answer Acres Planted: Summary of crop growth: Crops took some time to flower but grew well Expected harvest: thousand pounds Actual Harvest: thousand pounds UnitS Suggested Answer In the USA different crops are harvested at different times of the year Corn, for example, is harvested from October to November During harvest farmers use combine harvesters to gather crops F F B C status How many excellent Suggested Answer harvest? B: Well, we have twelve tons for immediate sale A: Twelve tons? How many did we sell from the last field? B: Let's see We sold ten tons from the last field A: That's excellent! Your new planting schedule is working nicely B: Yes, it is We will approve another seven tons by Monday A: Nice job, Joe This is our largest harvest ever Suggested Answer Date Crop 10/09 10/15 wheat wheat B mature B chaff B tons Package Weight 16 tons 12 tons Suggested Answer In the USA different crops are stored in different ways For temporary storage crops are put into bales or stored in silage bags For permanent storage they are kept in tower or bunker silos Stored crops can be damaged by excess moisture and too little or too much ventilation This leads to mold growing on the crops Also, stored crops can be damaged by pests such as mice bunker silo leveling T Package Type bushel bushel Unit A Cool A Reap A harvest A bales planting schedule Nice job largest A: Joe, what's the status on the latest wheat Suggested Answer package type Suggested Answer Suggested Answer F stacks bushels D leaves buds roots Key A mold A silage bag ventilation silage tower B dry B storage B ventilation Answer Key Book Answer A C D Key B ration minerals nutrition carbohydrates Suggested Answer Carla Thompson is contacting Mr Garcia to inform him that mold is growing on the silage F T Suggested Answer The main duties of the animal nutritionist will be: preparing feed formula for fifteen varieties of chicken, researching and selecting low-cost ingredients with high nutrient content, balancing carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamin and mineral content in daily rations and adjusting the feed formula as needed F all over the place new assistant leveling see that ventilation old tower silo B B Suggested Answer A: Mr Garcia, did you get my email about the bunker silo? B: I did How bad is it? A: It's pretty bad There's mold all over the place B: How did this happen? A: It was our new assistant He wasn't trained on leveling B: Well, see that he gets trained A: Of course We're also checking the ventilation system There's too much air moving in there B: Use the old tower silo until you fix it and keep me updated Suggested Answer Bunker silo 13 has mold in it This was caused by improper leveling and too much ventilation Use the old tower silo until it is fixed There is training on leveling for all new employees this week Unit 10 Suggested Answer The type of food a farm animal eats depends on the type of animal it is Cattle eat a variety of grass, hay and grain Pigs are omnivores so they eat feed made from plants and animals Poultry are fed mostly grain, however, free range poultry feeds mainly on grass Feed provides the nutrients an animal needs to grow and survive If the animal doesn't get the nutrients it needs it will not grow Feed can also affect the taste of an animals' meat or milk and its fat levels T T F D B E Suggested Answer A: Good morning Mr Smith, I'm Peter Ronaldson B: Nice to meet you, Mr Ronaldson A: Nice to meet you too Please, take a seat and we'll get started B: Thank you Did you get my resume? A: Yes, I did It looks very good Tell me about your work at DPM Industries B: Well, I worked at their pig facility I created special formulas for high-protein feed A: Interesting Now, applicants must have experience with poultry Have you ever worked with chickens? B: Yes, in my previous job It was at Reynolds Farms Suggested Answer Name: Ben Smith Position applying for: Animal Nutritionist Current Position: Animal nutritionist at DPM Industries Responsibilities: Create special formulas for high protein feed Former Position: Animal Nutritionist at Reynolds farms Responsibilities: Creating feed for chickens Unit 11 Suggested Answer In the USA Animals are housed in different ways How they are housed depends on what type of animal they are For example chickens are kept in a coop and cows can live in a barn Workers maintain animal housing structures through regular cleaning and maintenance F Answer Key C A pig facility poultry chickens Nice to meet take a seat Tell me about T F Book Answer A coop B cold stress B pen B slotted floor A heat stress A Waste management F T F progeny rate of gain heritability breeding value B A D Key C B A E C D Suggested Answer For animals to be productive they must be at the correct temperature and kept clean Suggested Answer The cattle breeding service claims it can predict the heritability of most traits They will have more animals The barn has poor ventilation ventilation too hot summer twenty more cows good point space requirements Suggested Answer C D milk production Of course might interest That depends sire summary far more Suggested Answer A: I think we need a new barn A: Here are pictures of all our bulls What traits B: What's wrong with this one? A: First, the ventilation isn't very good B: I agree with you there It's too cold in here during the winter A: And don't forget, we're getting 30 more llamas in June B: That's a good point We'll need more space then A: I'll talk to a builder tomorrow B: Let's estimate the space requirements first you want in the offspring? B: Well, I have a dairy herd So, I'd like to increase milk production A: This Holstein might interest you Many of his progeny are prize milk cows B: Really! Can I see his sire summary? A: Of course I'll get you a copy B: How much you charge for breeding? A: That depends I give a discount for more than 20 cows B: That's great! I need to breed 40 Suggested Answer Dear Mr Haynes, We need a new barn Our current barn has poor ventilation And we are getting 30 more llamas in June The barn won't meet space requirements We need the new barn to be a lot larger and with better ventilation It should be able to house 60 llamas How much will that cost? Thanks, Frank Carmichael Suggested Answer Customer name: Tom Smith Type of Farm: Dairy Traits Desired: High level of milk production Paperwork requested: Sire summary Number of cows: 40 Discount: Y Unit 13 Suggested Answer Unit 12 Suggested Answer Farmers want different traits in different animals Cattle farmers want cows which produce a lot of milk and have high quality meat Poultry farmers want chickens that produce high quality eggs and mature quickly for processing Animals breed throughout the year Animals, such as cows and sheep generally breed once a year whereas chickens may breed multiple times a year There are numerous slaughter methods The most common are: Chemical: Animal is asphyxiated with carbon dioxide and then their neck is cut and they are allowed to bleed out Mechanical (captive bolt): A captive bolt stunner is used on the animal to knock it unconscious before its neck is cut Mechanical (gunshot): The animal is shot in the head This renders the animal unconscious or kills it It is then bled Answer Key Book Answer Key Unit B: Yes I used to walk through the herds at least once a day so they'd get used to me A: Excellent One last thing, you have any experience in management? B: Yes I used to train new employees Suggested Answer You can tell if an animal is safe to approach by its attitude and the way it is acting If the animal is calm and has its head down, it is in a submissive state and will allow you to get close If the animal is excited and is standing tall it is unlikely to allow any contact, and is unsafe to approach Flight zones vary between animals The size of the flight zone is determined by how the animal was raised If they were raised in close quarters and had a lot of human contact, they will have a small flight zone However, animals that were raised free range or had a large amount of land to graze in will have a larger flight zone F F T D E B F A C temperament conditioning point of balance Suggested Answer Name: Greg Jensen Experience: Cattle handler for five years at Schubert family cattle farm Skills: Can deal with flighty animals, knows proper herding techniques, can condition animals and can identify when an animal is unwell Responsibilities: Trained new employees, helped Vet with sick animals, responsible for collecting data Unit Suggested Answer Livestock can suffer from a number of different health problems Two of the most common are parasites, such as ticks and lice, and respiratory diseases, such as TB (Tuberculosis) Farmers can use various techniques to prevent the spread of disease amongst livestock To stop parasites farmers must clean their facilities regularly and treat the livestock with insecticide To prevent diseases, vaccinations can be used flight zone animal welfare body length Suggested Am~wer The lead handler must be skilled at handling breeds with different temperaments because the farm's cattle are made up of several different breeds with different temperaments / / 7 worked on another cows get agitated management experience never actually had trained other workers new employees could handle that / C B A D A E A parasite A respiration A monitor A insecticide So how much experience you have? I worked on another ranch for five years Did you work with cattle there? Yes, I worked with both sheep and cattle So, how would you deal with flighty animals? Well, cows get agitated if you get too close to them I would stay near the edge of their flight zone A: Good Do you have any experience with conditioning? 26 Answer Key B B B B C veterinarian antibiotics diagnose vaccination Suggested Answer If your animals have parasites a veterinarian can treat them with drugs, dietary remedies and deworming techniques Suggested Answer A: B: A: B: A: B: B / / How does it look Not good seemed to be having just didn't seem classic signs of some antibiotics Answer Key Suggested Answer Suggested Answer B: How does it look, doc? A: Not good When did you first notice these symptoms? B: Well, last week a few of them seemed to be having trouble breathing and they were really tired and didn't want to move A: Those symptoms, lethargy and difficulty breathing, are classic signs of a respiratory infection B: So, what can we do? Can you treat them? A: Yes, they will recover with antibiotics Also, you need to keep this herd away from your other livestock We don't want this spreading B: OK Thank you Using the majority of farm land to raise animals has some negative effects Firstly animals create a large amount of manure which can pollute the environment if it is not disposed of correctly Secondly, using grain to feed animals reduces the amount available for humans A C consume food my farm as an example eat it corn is inedible wouldn't like to grow feed corn Suggested Answer Suggested Answer Treatment Plan Symptoms: Lethargy, difficulty breathing Diagnosis: Animals have respiratory infection Treatment: Animals to be given antibiotics until recovered Also, infected animals to be kept away from other livestock to prevent disease spreading Unit Suggested Answer Suggested Answer In the USA farmers grow grain mainly for animals a I think animals should eat less grain If they did, more grain would be available for people Farmers could export more and increase revenue There would also be a reduction in the number of farms for growing grain and a reduction in the number of cattle Both of these would help the environment b I don't think animals should eat less grain If animals ate less grain there would be less demand for grain, therefore, some farmers would stop growing grain This would lead to an increase in unemployment If cattle ate less grain there would be a reduction in the number of cattle, as they would be harder to raise This would lead to an increase if beef prices F T T E D B C A F inedible livestock B: Mr Smith, is it true that livestock today eat grain that could feed starving people A: That's just not true B: Can you elaborate on that? A: Well, we grow corn for local pig producers B: But couldn't you feed that corn directly to people? A: No, people like sweet corn I grow feed corn My corn feeds animals, which supplies plenty of pork for the market land use feed grain Livestock is raised for humans to eat as meat Grains, such as corn, are grown for the animals to eat Some farmers grow corn just to be fed to livestock, like pigs, as opposed to growing it for human consumption This feed-to-food process can have negative consequences, such as an increase in pollution due to animal manure, or a decrease in the amount of food available to people However, the food it does create, in the form of meat, is very important to our diet and the economy Unit4 Suggested Answer Bioengineering can improve animal industries in many ways Scientists can create animals that grow faster, produce more milk and less fatty meat They can also make animals that are more resistant to disease Although bioengineering can be helpful, it does raise some concerns The long term effects of eating bioengineered food are not known Also, some animals, which have been engineered, are born with serious medical issues, such as arthritis or weakened immune systems Answer Key 27 Answer Key F F T B C F D A Unit Suggested Answer Conventional tilling damages soil in three major ways The first is damage to the soil structure If the soil is too wet or too dry, when tilled, it can become clumpy or can turn to dust Secondly, tilling can compact the soil Even though tilling loosens the top soil, machinery used in conventional tilling compacts the soil below the surface This can create problems for root growth and water drainage Finally, conventional tilling can kill bacterial and fungi under the soil which help plants grow Cropping systems can be broken down into two main categories They are conventional tilling and conservation till ing Conventional tilling covers tilling methods which use machinery such as a plow or rototiller These methods are quick and easy and remove most of the plant remains from fields before planting However, they can damage the soil and reduce the productivity of the crops in the future Conservation tilling refers to methods, such as no-till, which don't regularly use heavy machinery If machinery is used it is kept off the planting beds This method keeps the soil healthy, but it is slow as a field could take months to be ready for planting E A Gene enhancement A societal concerns B regulation B biotechnology Suggested Answer Dr Meyers White is going to talk about Transgenic organisms He will talk about current research and newly developed transgenic organisms and their benefits B D foods are not safe The science says that educate the public In some countries increasing their regulation Of course not Suggested Answer A: So, what are the challenges of bioengineering? B: Well, consumers fear that genetically modified foods are not safe A: Shouldn't people be worried about eating genetically modified food? B: Not at all The science says that genetically modified food is safe to eat We just need to a better job of communicating this to the public A: What you think will happen if you don't educate the public about genetically modified foods? B: In some countries consumers have been very vocal Some governments have responded by increasing their regulation of agriculture In some cases, they have responded by prohibiting all genetically modified products This is not what we want to happen A: Of course not! Suggested Answer C D A C F B D A E conservation tillage winter wheat burn-down herbicide crop rotation crop systems diversify Suggested Answer A negative effect of crop rotation is that it often leaves a section of a farmer's field fallow T start rotating diversify fertilizer how exactly F F Bioengineering Challenges: The public feel that genetically modified food is unsafe to eat Consequences: If the public thinks it is unsafe and complains to the government, the government could increase regulation in agriculture or even prohibit genetically modified products divide our fields into nitrates out of Nothing will grow there Suggested Answer A: We're going to start rotating our crops in the spring B: Why you want to that? A: Well, it'll allow us to diversify more and to use less fertilizer 28 Answer Key Book B: So, how exactly we this? Suggested Answer A: First, we divide our fields into five separate sections B: A: B: A: B: Answer Key A: I want to try to extend our growing season B: How would we that? A: We could plant our lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers a month or two early if we used a greenhouse B: It would be nice to plant early A: I'm trying to figure out how we could extend our season into the late fall B: Well, what about heaters? A: When it starts to get cold in the fall, we could use heaters at night B: Exactly We could probably have two growing seasons in a year One each for wheat, corn, soybeans, and peanuts Peanuts? Wheat takes nitrates out of the soil Once we plant a crop of peanuts in that field, the nitrates will be replenished So we can grow wheat there again Now, you said five sections, but there are only four crops That's because the fifth section will be left fallow Nothing will grow there Let me guess, that helps the soil replenish too Suggested Answer Cropping Schedule System: crop rotation Crops: wheat, corn, soybeans and peanuts Fields: Field wheat, field peanuts, field corn, field soybeans After each season fields will be rotated Field will be left fallow to replenish soil Suggested Answer Dear Mr Smyth I had an idea on how to extend the growing season We could use a greenhouse, hoophouse or heater We could use the greenhouse or hoophouse to grow our tomatoes in When the temperature drops we could use the heater This would extend our growing season and increase productivity on the farm Regards Bill Jenkins Farmhand Unit Suggested Answer The growing seasons in the USA vary depending on the crop that has been planted On average they go from April through to December The climate determines how long the growing season is Therefore, when it is too cold no plants are grown Farmers can extend growing seasons with the use of greenhouses, hoop houses and heaters With these they can raise the temperature around their crops and allow them to grow when the temperature drops F T F C D B A E F hoop house elevation freeze protection growing season heater Suggested Answer Heaters are used to raise the air temperature around crops when it's too cold B Suggested Answer In the USA there are many different damaging weeds, pests and diseases, such as nelvetleaf (weed), ground worm (pest) and blight (disease) In order to avoid crop damage a farmer can use a number of strategies To stop weeds they can use herbicides to kill the weeds Pesticides and biological controls are used to kill pests and fungicides are used to prevent fungal diseases photo periods Unit A get cold two growing seasons last frost date F T T E B D F C A 4 A A A A Weed maps blight fungicide Mulching B B B B Biological controls herbicide Suppression Pesticide Suggested Answer good point just start with see how it goes The farmer's guide suggests the best defense against disease is to have good soil and growing conditions, so the crops stay strong and healthy Answer Key 29 Answer Key C about it did the obvious take that risk might buy some I've read research I'm interested to see C Suggested Answer C B D B A E C Stippled B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: Suggested Answer Memo To: All staff I have discovered ground worms in our fields If this problem is not taken care of the worms will destroy our crops I have decided not to use pesticides, instead we are going to try biological controls We will try ground beetles, these eat the worms and we don't have to worry about chemical side-effects Thank you Chris Johnson Owner, Jonson Farms UnitS Suggested Answer Crops can show that they are failing in various ways Crops can change colour, appear wilted or show stippling To save failing crops, first you must determine if the problem is biotic or abiotic If it is biotic (pests and diseases) then pesticides or herbicides can be used If the problem is abiotic (salinity, temperature) then other measures, such as lime or heaters can be used 30 Answer Key wilt symptom pattern stunted biotic Suggested Answer A: I just discovered that I have ground worms in my fields I had a similar problem last year What did you about it? I sprayed my fields with pesticides I'd prefer to try a biological control What you mean, use other insects or something like that? Exactly I might buy some ground beetles Apparently, they eat the worms How can insects be better than chemical pesticide? I've read research that shows they're very effective And I wouldn't have to worry about chemical side-effects I'm interested to see if it works I'm starting to have a problem with borers D When the symptomology key fails to find a definite diagnosis, tests are done in a lab to see if the problem is biotic or abiotic my plants are dying Tell me when you two weeks ago Any stunted growth started to wilt gave them extra Suggested Answer A: Mr Hernandez, what's the problem with your corn? B: Well, my plants are dying, even though I gave them plenty of water and fertilizer A: When did you notice the problem? B: Three weeks ago First, I noticed the tops of some of the plants were browning A: What happened next? Any stunted growth? B: Not that Next, they just started to wilt slightly That's when I gave them extra water A: After that did you notice any changes? B: Yes, the next thing I know is that they were dying A: Did you find any changes in the color of the plants? B: Yes The dead plants looked black near their roots A: And the plants that are still alive? B: Some of them are turning black near the roots A: I'm going to take samples to the lab Suggested Answer To Ms Johansson, I have a problem with my corn Even though I have given them plenty of water and fertilizer they are dying Three weeks ago I noticed that the tops of the plants were browning Then they started to wilt I gave them extra water, but they started to die The dead plants all looked black near the roots Some of the live plants are starting to go black too Sincerely, Mr Hernandez Hernandez farms Book Unit9 Answer Key Suggested Answer Suggested Answer Financial Summary Revenue $650,000 Farm cash receipts Investment income $17,000 $5,000 Miscellaneous income $672,000 Gross farm revenue Expenses ($163,067) Total Production expenses ($51,858) Wages ($20,383) Feed costs ($71,000) Fuel costs ($19,826) Other materials ($40,673) Fixed cash expenses ($25,973) Depreciation ($14,700) Insurance ($65,054) Interest payments on loan ($10,300) Non-cash expenses ($279,094) Gross farm expenses ($392,906) Net farm income The main costs and expenses of farming are: Wages, materials, fuel, feed, water and electricity I think that if you are good with accounting, you could manage your own finances Otherwise, I think it's a good idea to get professional help Professionals manage your money and give you advice about investing it wisely Also, they look at your farm and see if it is making money, or not, and can suggest how it can improve F T F D B A farm cash receipts debt non-cash expense C E feed costs fixed cash expenses net farm income Suggested Answer The information in the summary will be used to prepare Mr Walsh's federal and state income taxes A something isn't right seem off have down noted that D Is that all What else provide you with $2,776,549 $1,457,662 $475,231 Total farm assets Total non-farm assets Total outstanding debt Net worth $3,758,980 - Unit 10 Suggested Answer Suggested Answer International trade has a big impact on what crops farmers plant In order to maximize their profits farmers will plant a crop that is most profitable The prices of crops are determined by the market Therefore, if one particular crop is more favorable on the international market, farmers will plant that in their fields The USA exports more agricultural products than it imports In 2010 The USA exported $60,232,214,593 worth of agricultural products and imported $23,997,118,632 worth A: Hi, This is Greg chambers I need to talk to you about the financial summary you just sent me B: Sure, I'd be glad to go over it with you A: Okay, well some of the figures in the summary don't match my records B: Where have you found discrepancies? A: Well, something isn't right with the numbers in the expenses section B: Which ones seem off to you? A: Well, you have down $51,858 for wages And I have $51,588 B: Okay, I've noted that I'll need to review the original documents Is that all? A: Unfortunately, no B: What else did you find? A: Your insurance figures are too low I forgot to provide you with some documentation B: Oh! Well, if you can bring that into our office, I'll recalculate the figures I'll also double check the wages F T F import dependent export quota trade surplus international trade WTO balance of trade tariffs imports export dependent Answer Key 31 Book Answer Key Suggested Answer choose a crop they so to get the maximum amount of profit that they can Any changes, small or large, directly affect the farmer's income Chile's main export is copper D B a number of things know for a fact may be true give you a chance make anything off let's give it a shot Suggested Answer A: Mr Black, have you ever considered selling your B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: hay internationally? I hadn't really thought about it Could I get a better price? Perhaps But there are a number of things to consider I know for a fact that buyers in Mexico aren't going to pay what my clients here That may be true But, it would give you a chance to unload your excess hay Interesting I don't make anything off that surplus now, I? No, you don't Well, if you think we can sell it internationally, let's give it a shot We also have to consider the costs There are shipping costs and tariffs I see What you recommend? Well, let's look at a few different countries' trade profiles An import-dependent country might have a good set up for you Suggested Answer To: Mr Black, I have noticed that you had a large surplus of hay this year I would recommend that you sell your hay internationally You will have to consider the costs of tariffs and shipping, but I feel you will benefit by selling crops that you have in surplus rather then letting them go to waste If you choose to sell internationally, I would recommend choosing an import -dependant country to export to Regards, J Prescott Unit 11 Suggested Answer Investments in futures markets are very popular in the USA The US futures market is the largest in the world with billions of dollars traded every year The futures market raises and lowers the price of crops This directly affects farmers When farmers 32 Answer Key A B D E F D C B A carryover futures market index ending stock commodity stock-to-use ratio Suggested Answer If the season is dry there will be an increase in the amount of wheat futures purchased F T F if I were overdo it might as well surplus I'll plant Good choice Suggested Answer B: I heard the April corn prices are falling A: You heard correctly, 20 cents in one week B: That can't be good for us A: It might not be so bad, actually B: What you mean? Lower prices means I make less money I mean, I already planted a thousand acres of corn I was going to plant five thousand more But I don't know if it's worth it now A: I'd plant if I were you B: With all of last year's surplus, I don't want to overdo it But if you think it's a good idea, I might as well grow it A: You did have a surplus last year But with prices so far below the index, futures will sell Trust me B: Okay I'll plant the five thousand acres A: Good choice I think this trend is going to last awhile Suggested Answer Dear Mr Walker I have been observing the futures market this week Corn prices have dropped 20 cents in one week This is a significant fall If prices remain so far below the index there will be a rise in the purchase of corn futures I would recommend you plant another five thousand acres of corn to maximize your production Regards Phillip Turner A&P Investments Book Unit 12 B: Well, onions cover up the smell of the carrots The flies can't find them A: So you're saying I can stop using so many pesticides just by planting my crops next to each over? B: That's right It's a much cheaper way of protecting your crops than pesticides A: Wow I'll try it out this season Thanks for the advice, Professor Perry Suggested Answer In the USA various methods of sustainable farming are used To protect and conserve the soil and environment, practices such as no tilling, the use of wind breaks or cover crops are used To control pests, sustainable farms use biological controls, such as pest eating insects Sustainable farming presents many challenges In most cases the sustainable methods are more expensive than the non sustainable Pesticides are cheaper and easier to use than biological controls Also, sustainable methods are more time consuming than non sustainable No tilling can mean months of preparation before planting crops F F T A E F B D C A Monoculture A economic sustainability B compost B soil amendments Suggested Answer Suggested Answer Notes Sustainable farming Lecture Professor Perry spoke about intercropping vegetables She explained that by planting two different types of vegetables in the same field they will protect each other Professor Perry used carrots and onions as an example If they are planted together the onion covers the scent of the carrots and flies don't smell them This means that you don't need to use as much pesticide on your crops Unit 13 Suggested Answer In the USA technology has improved farming in many different ways Improved equipment, such as harvesters or seeders have made tilling, planting and harvesting crops faster and easier Advances in genetics have increased crop yields and meat production With new technology fewer farms produce more Along with improving farming, technology has negative effects Advances in machinery have led to more fossil fuels being burnt, soil damage through compaction and erosion due to damaged soil Usa Perry's lecture will focus on ways to make crops stronger and more reliable She will cover such topics as the benefits of intercropping and the advantages of biodiversity over monoculture B C have a question for you Not at all grown them in separate wonderfully together different pests attack probably noticed flies Suggested Answer A: Professor Perry, I have a question for you If you don't mind? B: Not at all A: Well, I grow onions and carrots, but I've always grown them in separate fields Do you think I should try intercropping? B: Absolutely Onions and carrots grow well together Onions are perfect for protecting carrots from pests A: Really? How does that work? B: Well, different pests attack different types of crops You've probably noticed flies attacking your carrots A: Yes, all the time Answer Key T T T F B E D A C over watering drip irrigation GPS technology auto-steer Suggested Answer The Magic Dripper prevents over watering I I I drip irrigation system adjust your watering once or twice more accurately than a little hard to believe No more Answer Key 33 Answer Key Suggested Answer A: Mr Rodriguez, I think you'll be very impressed with B: A: B: A: B: A: B: A: B: this new irrigation technology I don't know We're happy with the drip irrigation system we have now What's so exciting about your one? Well, the Magic Dripper saves time and water And that means it saves you money, too How often you adjust your watering timers? Probably once or twice a week This system will change that It adjusts itself when it senses rain That sounds nice, but that's not going to save all that much The Magic Dripper will respond more accurately than you or your workers can That's a little hard to believe It has sensors in the soil So, the machine knows exactly when to shut off the drippers No more timers Well, that does seem more effective than what we use now Suggested Answer MAGIC DRIPPER The Magic Dripper irrigation system saves you time and water! The Magic Dripper is an irrigation system with a difference How often you adjust your watering timers, once, twice a week? Well, with the Magic Dripper you'll never that again! It automatically adjusts itself when it rains It also has sensors in the soil to shut off the drippers, no more over watering! Get yours today! Unit 14 Suggested Answer Organic farming has many challenges A farmer cannot use pesticides or herbicides on crops and cannot use antibiotics on livestock This makes it more difficult to raise healthy crops and animals Also, a farmer cannot use normal feed for animals The feed must be organic This is more expensive and increases costs for the farmer In the USA organic products have become very popular They are available from specialty health food stores or organic grocery stores They can also be bought from most supermarkets Organic food is more expensive than non-organic, so not everyone can afford it 34 Answer Key B C A organic compliance contamination certifier B C commingle D F A E Suggested Answer The three types of inspectors are crop inspectors, livestock inspectors and processing inspectors T our produce will attract I can't say for sure I'm glad to hear that I can tell when can we expect In a few weeks F F Suggested Answer A: Do you think we'll be certified? B: I can't say for sure But your field activity logs showed your practices to be in compliance with our regulations A: I'm glad to hear that We've worked very hard B: I can tell There didn't seem to be any contamination with non-organic produce A: Oh, we're very careful about that So, when can we expect to hear if we'll be certified? B: In a few weeks The certifier needs to review the documents you supplied A: I see And what happens next if we're certified? B: You'll be able to sell you produce as 100% organic Save your audit trail documents though, in case you're selected for a random inspection A: All right Thank you, Ms Walton I really appreciate you coming out Suggested Answer Name: Celia Roberts Organic: inspector I have inspected the facility at Angel farms Their field activity logs showed that they were in compliance with our regulations There was no contamination or commingling with other non-organic crops, so their organic integrity is intact All documents supplied have been passed on to the certifier to be reviewed Answer Key Unit 15 Suggested Answer Genetically modified organisms can be very helpful to farmers They can be drought-resistant, insect-resistant and herbicide-resistant They can also grow in poor soil and produce more in the same amount of space In the USA there are mixed feelings towards genetically modified organisms Some people feel that we don't yet know the long term effects of GMOs and are risking our health by eating them Others feel that they are safe and that they have revolutionized farming F T T B D E C B: With fewer crops failing during drought seasons, there'lI be greater yields That means less land will be used per season A: Excellent, Tony Suggested Answer Crop Type: Soy #7 Traits: Herbicide and insect resistant Benefits: Soy #7 will not be attacked by insects It is also able to withstand many herbicides so, crops will not die if sprayed Crop Type: Sorghum #2 Traits: Drought-resistant Benefits: This crop will grow in areas with irregular rainfall It is a hardy plant that produces big yields A B Analysis B Herbicide tolerant B conventional seeds A biotech seed A Insect -resistant A traits Suggested Answer Corn #10 will grow in compromised soil B A I understand ready to go Tell me all about it well selling target areas less land will be used drought -resistant Suggested Answer A: Tony, please come in I understand your new seed is almost ready for marketing B: It is After the animal performance assessments, it will be ready to go A: Wonderful Tell me about it I want to know the best way to advertise it B: Well, the main benefit is that it's extremely drought -resistant A: Okay So we'll well selling it to farmers in dry regions B: Yes We'll target areas where rainfalls are unpredictable A: Okay What else? B: We should emphasize the dependability of our seed Tests showed that the yields produced during rainy seasons and those produced during droughts varied very little and they're better for the environment than conventional seeds A: How? Answer Key 35 Audioscripts Unit Interviewer: So how much experience you have? Applicant: I worked on another ranch for about three years Interviewer: Did you work with cattle there? Applicant: Yes, I worked with both pigs and cattle Interviewer: So, how would you deal with flighty animals? Applicant: Well, cows get agitated if you get too close to them I would try to stay near the edges of their flight zone Interviewer: Good Do you have any experience with conditioning? Applicant: Yes I used to walk through the herds at least once a day so they'd get used to me Interviewer: Okay, so the last thing I want to ask you about is management experience Applicant: [hesitantly] I've never actually had a management position Interviewer: Have you ever trained other workers? Applicant: Oh, yes, definitely I used to train all the new employees Interviewer: Well, that's most of what being a lead handler is about Applicant: Okay I think I could handle that Unit Farmer: How does it look, doc? Veterinarian: Not good When did you first notice these symptoms? Farmer: Well, last week a few of them seemed to be having some trouble breathing Veterinarian: Was there anything else? Farmer: Yes, they seemed, well, really tired Basically, they just didn't seem to want to move Veterinarian: Those symptoms, lethargy and difficulty breathing, are classic signs of a respiratory infection Farmer: So, what can we do? Can you treat them? Veterinarian: Well, fortunately, I think they'll recover if we treat them with some antibiotics You need to keep this herd away from your other livestock We don't want this spreading Unit Reporter: Mr Tepper, Is it true that livestock today consume food that could be feeding starving people? Farmer: That's just not true Reporter: Can you elaborate on that? Farmer: Well, take my farm as an example We grow corn for local pig producers Reporter: But couldn't you feed that corn directly to people? 36 Answer Key Farmer: I wouldn't eat it Reporter: You mean to say your corn is inedible to humans? Farmer: No, it's just people wouldn't like to eat it They tend to prefer sweet corn And I don't grow that I grow feed corn Reporter: Still, couldn't we feed more people by growing sweet corn instead of feed corn? Farmer: People use the corn I grow, just in a different form Reporter: You mean, when it's manufactured into corn syrup? Or a biofuel? Farmer: No, you have the wrong idea Reporter: Help me to understand then Farmer: Growing feed corn doesn't take food away from people It gives them more, really Reporter: How so? Farmer: Because my feed corn supplies plenty of pork for the market Unit4 Interviewer: So, what are the challenges of agricultural bioengineering? Speaker: Well, consumers fear that genetically modified foods are not safe Interviewer: Shouldn't people be worried about eating genetically modified food? Speaker: Not at all The science says that genetically modified food is safe to eat We just need to a better job of communicating this with the public Interviewer: What you think will happen if you don't educate the public about genetically modified foods? Speaker: In some countries consumers have been very vocal Governments there have responded by increasing their regulation of agriculture In some cases, they have responded by prohibiting all genetically modified products This is not what we want to happen Interviewer: Of course not! Unit Farmer: We're going to start rotating our crops in the spring Assistant: Why you want to that? Farmer: Well, it'll allow us to diversify more and to use less fertilizer Assistant: So, how exactly we this? Farmer: First, we divide our fields into five separate sections One each for wheat, corn, soybeans, and peanuts Assistant: Peanuts? Audioscripts Farmer: Wheat takes nitrates out of the soil Once we plant a crop of peanuts in that field, the nitrates will be replenished So we can grow wheat there again Assistant: Now you said five sections, but there are only four crops Farmer: That's because the fifth section will be left fallow Nothing will grow there Assistant: Let me guess, that helps the soil replenish too Unit Farmer 1: I want to try to extend our growing season Farmer 2: How would we that? Farmer 1: Well, we could plant our tomatoes, radishes, and spinach a month or two early if we used a hoop house Farmer 2: Perhaps It would be nice to plant early Farmer 1: I'm trying to figure how we could extend our season into the late fall Farmer 2: Well, what about heaters? Farmer 1: Oh, I see When it starts to get cold in the fall, we could use heaters at night Farmer 2: Exactly We could probably have two growing seasons in a year Farmer 1: Hmm we could plant early, before the last frost date Then we could plant again in the late summer after harvest Farmer 2: Right The only problem is size The hoop house can't hold that many plants Farmer 1: That's a good point Farmer 2: Let's just start with the spinach and see how it goes Unit Farmer 1: I just discovered that I have corn borers in my cornfields I have to something before they ruin my crop Farmer 2: I had a similar problem last year Farmer 1: What did you about it? Farmer 2: I did the obvious I sprayed my fields with pesticides Farmer 1: I'd prefer to try a biological control rather than take that risk Farmer 2: What you mean, use other insects or something like that? Farmer 1: Exactly I might buy some wasps Apparently, they eat the borers Farmer 2: How can insects be better than chemical pesticides? Farmer 1: I've read research that shows they're very effective And I wouldn't have to worry about chemical side-effects Farmer 2: Hmm I'm interested to see if it works I'm starting to have a problem with bollworms UnitS Advisor: Mr Fussel, what's the problem with your corn? Farmer: Well, my plants are dying even though I gave them plenty of water and fertilizer Advisor: Tell me when you first noticed the problem Farmer: That would have been two weeks ago First, I noticed the tops of some of the plants were browning Advisor: What happened next? Any stunted growth? Farmer: Not that Next, they started to wilt slightly That's when I gave them extra water Advisor: After that, did you notice any changes? Farmer: Yes, the next thing I know is that they were dying Advisor: Did you find any changes in the color of the plants? Farmer: Yes The dead plants looked black near their roots Advisor: And the plants that are still alive? Farmer: Some of them are turning black near the roots Advisor: I'm going to need to take samples to the lab Unit Accountant: Hello, Glenda Mason speaking Farmer: Hi, Glenda, this is Peter Walsh I need to talk with you about the financial summary you just sent me Accountant: Sure, I'd be glad to go over it with you Farmer: Okay, well some of the figures in the summary don't match my records Accountant: Where have you found discrepancies? Farmer: Well, something isn't right with the numbers in the expenses section Accountant: Which ones seem off to you? Farmer: Well, you have down $43,992 for wages And I have $43,292 Accountant: Okay, I've noted that I'll need to review the original documents Is that all? Farmer: Unfortunately, no Accountant: What else did you find? Farmer: Your insurance figures are too low I forgot to provide you with some documentation Accountant: Oh! Well, if you can bring that into our office, I'll recalculate the figures I'll also double check the wages Unit 10 Accountant: Mr Johnson, have you ever considered selling your hay internationally? Farmer: I hadn't really thought about it Could I get a better price? Accountant: Perhaps But there are a number of things to consider Answer Key 37 Audioscripts Farmer: I know for a fact that buyers in Mexico aren't going to pay what my clients here Accountant: That may be true But it would give you a chance to unload your excess hay Farmer: Interesting I don't make anything off that surplus now, I? Accountant: No, you don't Farmer: Well, if you think we can sell it internationally, let's give it a shot Accountant: We also have to consider the costs There are shipping costs and tariffs Farmer: I see So what you recommend? Accountant: Well, let's look at a few different countries' trade profiles An import-dependent country might have a good set up for you Unit 11 Farmer: I heard the March wheat prices are falling Analyst: You heard correctly, fifteen cents in one week Farmer: That can't be good for us Analyst: It might not be so bad, actually Farmer: What you mean? Lower prices means I make less money I mean, I already planted a thousand acres of wheat I was going to plant three thousand more But I don't know if it's worth it now Analyst: I'd plant it if I were you Farmer: With all of last year's surplus, I don't want to overdo it But if you think it's a good idea, I might as well grow it Analyst: You did have a surplus last year But with prices so far below the index, futures will sell Trust me Farmer: Okay I'll plant the three thousand acres Analyst: Good choice I think this trend is going to last awhile Unit 12 Farmer: Professor Perry, I have a question for you, if you don't mind Speaker: Not at all Farmer: Well, I grow onions and carrots, but I've always grown them in separate fields Do you think I should try intercropping? Speaker: Absolutely, Ed Onions and carrots grow wonderfully together Onions are perfect for protecting carrots from pests Farmer: Really? How does that work? Speaker: Well, different pests attack different types of crops You've probably noticed flies attacking your carrots Farmer: Yes, all the time Speaker: Well, onions cover up the smell of the carrots The flies can't find them 38 Answer Key Farmer: So you're saying I can stop using so many pesticides just by planting my crops next to each other? Speaker: That's right It's a much cheaper way of protecting your crops than pesticides Farmer: Wow I'll try it out this season Thanks for the advice, Professor Perry Unit 13 Salesman: Ms Silva, I think you'll be very impressed with this new irrigation technology Farmer: I don't know We're happy with the drip irrigation system we have now What's so exciting about your one? Salesman: Well, the Magic Dripper saves time and water And that means it saves money, too How often you adjust your watering timers? Farmer: Probably once or twice a week Salesman: This system will change that It adjusts itself when it senses rain Farmer: That sounds nice, but that's not going to save all that much Salesman: The Magic Dripper will respond more accurately than you or your workers can Farmer: That's a little hard to believe Salesman: It has sensors in the soil So the machine knows exactly when to shut off the drippers No more timers Farmer: Well, that does seem more effective than what we use now Unit 14 Farmer: So, Ms Walton, what did you think of the tour? Inspector: It went well, Mr Davis You seemed prepared for our visit Farmer: That's good to know We're hoping our produce will attract attention with an organic label Inspector: I understand Organic goods are in high demand these days Farmer: Do you think we'll be certified? Inspector: I can't say for sure But your field activity logs showed your practices to be in compliance with our regulations Farmer: I'm glad to hear that We've worked very hard Inspector: I can tell There didn't seem to be any contamination with non-organic produce Farmer: Oh, we're very careful about that So, when can we expect to hear if we'll be certified? lnspector: In a few weeks The certifier needs to review the documents you supplied Farmer: I see And what happens next if we're certified? Audioscripts Inspector: You'll be able to sell your produce as 100% organic Save your audit trail documents though, in case you're selected for a random inspection Farmer: All right Thank you, Ms Walton I really appreciate you coming out Unit 15 Salesman: Carol, please come in I understand your new seed is almost ready for marketing Developer: It is After the animal performance assessments, it will be ready to go Salesman: Wonderful Tell me all about it I want to know the best way to advertise it Developer: Well, the main benefit is that it's extremely drought -resistant Salesman: Okay So we'll well selling it to farmers in dry regions Developer: Yes We'll target areas where rainfalls are unpredictable Salesman: Okay What else? Developer: We should emphasize the dependability of our seed Tests showed that the yields produced during rainy seasons and those produced during droughts varied very little and they're better for the environment than conventional seeds Salesman: How? Developer: With fewer crops failing during drought seasons, there'lI be greater yields That means less land will be used per season Salesman: Excellent, Carol Answer Key 39 Career Paths English: Agriculture Agriculture is a new educational resource for agriculture professionals who want to improve their English communication in a work environment Incorporating career-specific vocabulary and contexts, each unit offers step-by-step instruction that immerses students in the four key language components : reading , listening , speaking, and writing Career Pat,hs English: Agriculture addresses topics including soil preparation, seeding methods, farm equipment, livestock, and organic farming The series is organized into three levels of difficulty and offers over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases Every unit includes a test of reading comprehension , vocabulary, and listening skills, and leads students through written and oral production Included Features: • A variety of realistic reading passages • Career-specific dialogues • 45 reading and listening comprehension checks • Over 400 vocabulary terms and phrases • Guided speaking and writing exercises • Complete glossary of terms and phrases The Teacher's book contains a full answer key and audio scripts The audio CDs contain all recorded material in American English and British English Books 1-3 of Career Paths English: Agriculture are rated for the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages at A 1, A2 and B1 respectively 4Ja~ Express Publishing ISBN 978- 1- 78098-379 -0 111111111111111111111111 78 780 983790 ... active role in agriculture They so by providing funding for farmers, establishing price floors, raising quotas and reducing or increasing tariffs a I believe governments should control agriculture. .. Lambs: 500 Price per pound: $70 Unit6 Suggested Answer In the past horses played a big role in agriculture They were used to plough the fields, carry things and to transport people Today horses... peas, lettuce, tubers, legumes granola hemp shoes, shirts, hats D E C A B F B B B Suggested Answer Agriculture started in the Fertile Crescent Farmers used the Nile River to water their crops Extra