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CHUYÊN ĐỀ HOW TO DO THE READING COMPREHENSION EXERCIES IN THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION EFFECTIVELY (Cách làm đọc hiểu đề thi THPT quốc gia cách hiệu quả) DẠNG 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS ( câu hỏi 1, 3) Câu hỏi 2: Tìm ý đọc (main idea) xác định mục đích ( purpose) Hầu hết đọc có câu hỏi dạng , dạng hỏi đưới nhiều hình thức khác lại yêu cầu học sinh xác định “ topic” “tiltle” “ subject” “primary idea” hay “ main idea” Với dạng tập nội dung đoạn văn thường nằm câu chủ đề câu đoạn văn (đôi lại câu cuối cùng) nên học sinh cần đọc lướt nhanh câu câu cuối để tìm nội dung Đối với dạng tập nâng cao, nội dung khơng nằm câu cụ thể mà ý chung toàn nên học sinh cần để lại câu hỏi dạng lại làm sau cùng, sau dành thời gian đọc để tìm thơng tin chi tiết câu hỏi khác học sinh nắm nội dung toàn Main ideas questions Các câu hỏi thường gặp What is the topic of the passage? What is the subject of the passage? What is the main idea of the passage? What is the author’s main point in the passage? With what is the author primary concerned? Which of the following would be the best title? Câu trả lời What is the author’s main purpose in the passage? Thường nằm đầu cuối đoạn văn Nếu ý khơng nằm cụ thể đầu cuối đoạn văn ta để lại làm cuối sau danh thời gian trả lời câu hỏi Cách làm chi tiết - Đọc dòng đoạn văn - Tìm ý chung dòng tìm mối liên hệ chúng - Trong trình đọc ý đến từ khóa lặp lặp lại - Thường làm câu hỏi cuối sau trả lời câu hỏi chi tiết trước để đỡ thời gian - Đọc lướt nhanh toàn để kiểm tra xem tìm nội dung - Loại phương án chắn sai,thông thường main idea ( too general), ( too specific) or ( not mentioned) - Chọn phương án phương án lại Example: The passage Basketball was invented in 1891 by a physical education instructor in Springfield, Massachusetts, by the name of James Naismith Because of terrible weather in winter, his physical education students were indoors rather than outdoors They really did not like the idea of boring, repetitive exercises and preferred the excitement and challenge of a game Naismith figured out a team sport that could be played indoors on a gymnasium floor, that involved a lot of running, that kept all team members involved, and that did not allow the tackling and physical contact of American style football The question What is the topic of this passage? A The life of James Naismith B The history of sports C Physical education and exercise D The origin of basketball Câu đoạn văn đề cập đến “ basketball was invented” ( Mơn bóng rổ đời) , ý đoạn văn có liên quan đến mơn bóng rổ Chúng ta tiếp tục đọc qua dòng lại, thấy nhiều từ liên quan đến thể thao ví dụ “ game, physical contact, running” Để chắn câu trả lời mình, khơng thể khơng điểm qua phương án trả lời A The life of James Naismith : đời James Naismith B The history of sports : lịch sử môn thể thao C Physical education and exercise : giáo dục thể chất thể dục D The origin of basketball: Nguồn gốc mơn bóng rổ Chúng ta dễ dàng loại A ( thông tin hẹp) James Naismith nhắc đến người phát minh mơn thể thao bóng rổ, khơng có thơng tin đời, nghiệp ơng B (loại thơng tin q rộng) có mơn bóng rổ nhắc đến đoạn văn, khơng có thơng tin mơn thể thao khác nên ‘ history of sports’ C loại thơng tin Physical education nhắc đến lần đoạn văn khơng có thơng tin hỗ trợ thêm Vậy đáp án xác phải D: nguồn gốc mơn bóng rổ Chúng ta dễ dàng tìm thấy thơng tin hỗ trợ đáp án trên: người sáng lập môn bóng rổ, thời điểm đời, nguyên nhân, đặc điểm riêng Câu hỏi 3: Nhận diện cách tổ chức ý tưởng bố cục chung thái độ (general organization or attitude) Dạng câu hỏi thường bắt học sinh xác định bố cục đoạn văn thái độ tác giả đoạn văn Đối với dạng câu hỏi bố cục học sinh nên ý đến từ nối đoạn văn Đối với câu hỏi thái độ tác giả, học sinh nên ý đến tính từ biểu đạt phán đốn dựa vào nội dung sau đọc lướt tồn Học sinh cần phải dùng phương pháp loại trừ phương án hoàn toàn sai Organization question Time order ( trình tự thời gian) dấu hiệu Firstly, secondly, finally, next, Cause and effect ( nguyên nhân hệ quả) then… Because, since, as, lead to, due Definition – example (định nghĩa – ví dụ) Comparison and contrast ( so sánh) to, as a result, consequently Define, mean, indicate, show On the one hand, on the other hand Problem – solution ( vấn đề giải pháp) More, less, least, most Cause, result in, deal with, solution, Example: Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300 By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world’s ecosystem International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival – and the survival of our planet Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animals reserves.They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed Question 1: The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast: A A comparison and a contrast B A problem and a solution C Specific and general information D A statement and an illustration Như ta thấy hai đoạn phát triển theo hai hướng khác Đoạn 1: “alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers” cảnh báo tình trạng hổ Belgan bị tuyệt chủng săn bắn Đoạn 2: “Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways” quốc gia khắc phục vấn đề theo cách khác Dấu hiệu nhận biết “ deal with the problem” Như đáp án B hai đoạn nói vấn đề tuyệt chủng loài độc vật quý săn bắt nước đưa giải pháp cho Question 2: Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude? A indifferent B surprised C concerned D forgive - Với dạng câu hỏi ta nên làm sau đọc lướt toàn để hiểu nội dung ta tìm thái độ tác giả thể - Trong tập này, tác giả nêu vấn đề giải pháp nước việc lồi động vật q chắn ta loại phương án A ( indifferent: thờ ơ) Dường phương án B D khơng đề cập Nên đáp án xác C: concerned ( quan tâm) tác giả nêu cảnh báo tuyệt chủng loài động vật quý cách để khắc phục vấn đề - Thơng thường dạng tập em thường gặp khó khăn gặp nhiều từ câu hỏi Và từ ngữ thể thái độ thường tính từ sau đọc hiểu giáo viên nên nhặt số từ ngữ hay gặp dạng để giúp em ý bổ sung từ DẠNG 2: IMPLIED DETAIL QUESTIONS ( câu hỏi 4) Câu hỏi : Suy luận, tìm hàm ý ( Inference) Dạng câu hỏi thường yêu cầu học sinh rút kết luận suy diễn chi tiết nêu đoạn văn Dạng câu hỏi thường bao gồm từ “ implied (hàm ý), inferred (suy ra), probably ( ) dấu hiệu cho bạn nhận câu hỏi dạng Với câu hỏi đáp án khơng trực tiếp đưa mà học sinh cần phải dựa vào thơng tin có sẵn để suy diễn đưa kết luận Implied detail questions Các câu hỏi thường gặp It is implied in the passage that … It can be inferred from the passage that It is most likely that… Câu trả lời What probably happened….? Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi thường dựa vào ý hiểu bài, nhiên học sinh tìm theo trình Cách làm tự đọc - Tìm từ ( key words), then chốt câu hỏi - Đọc lướt (skimming) đọc lướt xem từ then chốt, ý then chốt nằm chỗ đoạn văn (thường theo thứ tự bài) - Đọc kỹ câu văn chứa từ, ý then chốt - Tìm câu trả lời phù hợp theo đoạn văn - Dùng phương pháp loại trừ loại phương án sai nhất, chọn phương án phương án lại Example The passage The number of rings in a tree can be used to determine how old a tree really is Each year a tree produces a ring that is composed of one lightcolored wide band and one dark-colored narrow band The wider band is produced during the spring and early summer when tree stem cells grow rapidly and become larger The narrower band is produced in fall and early winter when cell growth is much slower and cells not get very large No cells are produced during the harsh winter and summer months The question It is implied in the passage that if a tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands, then it is A a century old B two centuries old C fifty years old D two hundred years old Đáp án câu hỏi A Để làm câu hỏi học sinh cần gạch chân key words câu hỏi Các phương án trả lời số tuổi câu hỏi vể tuổi “tree has 100 wide bands and 100 narrow bands” Mặc dù không đề cập đến tuổi có dấu hiệu “ each year” produces “one… wide band” “one… narrow band” Từ học sinh suy Vì “ a century old” đáp án xác DẠNG 3: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS ( câu hỏi 5) Câu hỏi 5: Xác định thông tin nêu ( stated detail) Câu hỏi xác định thông tin nêu thường hỏi chi tiết thông tin nhỏ đọc Trả lời cho câu hỏi thơng tin nêu sẵn Thông thường phương án trả lời “restatement” nhắc lại thông tin cách điễn đạt từ ngữ khác Stated detail questions Các dạng câu hỏi According to the passage,… It is stated in the passage… The passage indicates that… Câu trả lời Cách làm Which of the following is true… Câu trả lời nằm đọc - Gạch chân từ chính, ý quan trọng câu hỏi - Dùng kỹ scanning để tìm đoạn phù hợp để đọc kỹ lấy thông tin - Đọc kỹ câu chứa từ khóa ý câu hỏi cẩn thận - Loại đáp án chắn sai lựa chọn đáp án lựa chọn lại Example: The passage Flutes have been around for quite some time, in all sorts of shapes and sizes and made from a variety of materials The oldest known flutes are, about 20,000 years old, they were made from hollowed-out bones with holes cut in them In addition to bone, older flutes were often constructed from bamboo or hollowed-out wood Today flutes are generally made of metal, and in addition to the holes they have a complicated system of keys, levers, and pads The instrument belonging to well-known flautist James Galway is not just made of any metal, it is made of gold The question According to the passage, the oldest flutes………… A had holes cut in them B were made of metal C were made 200,000 years ago D had a complicated set of levers and pads - Key words câu hỏi “ the oldest flutes” ta cần phải lướt nhanh đoạn văn dòng chứa “ oldest flutes” ta thấy câu thứ chứa thông tin Ta thấy từ quan trọng “ about 20,000 years ago” A loại “ made of… bones” B loại Khơng có thơng tin D Hơn ta thấy có đề cập “ a hole cut in them” phương án A DẠNG 4: UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTION ( câu hỏi 6) Câu hỏi 6: Xác định thông tin không nêu (unstated details) Một dạng câu hỏi thường gặp đọc tìm câu trả lời nội dung không đề cập đoạn văn Dạng câu hỏi thường xuất từ “ not mentioned” “ not stated” “ all following options are true Except” hay “ not true” Dạng câu hỏi có lựa chọn chứa thông tin đề cập lựa chọn không đề cập Unstated detail questions Câu hỏi Which of the following is not stated ? Which of the following is not mentioned ? Which of the following is not discussed…? All of the following are true except Trả lời Which of the following are false…? Câu trả lời thông tin không xuất Cách làm câu trả lời sai so với - Đọc kỹ câu hỏi lựa chọn cho sẵn, gạch chân key words - Đọc lướt nhanh để khoanh vùng thông tin phù hợp cho phần key words - Đọc kỹ câu chứa ý phần lựa chọn - Loại bỏ lựa chọn đề cập so với đọc - Chọn phương án không đề cập không với đọc Example The passage The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands These islands form an arc that heads first southwest and then west from the mainland U.S Highway 1, called the Overseas Highway, connects the main islands in the chain On this highway, it is necessary to cross forty-two bridges over the ocean to cover the 159 miles from Miami, on the mainland, to Key West, the farthest island on the highway and the southernmost city in the United States The question Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Florida Keys? A The Florida Keys are a chain of islands B The Florida Keys contain coral and limestone C The Florida Keys are in the shape of an arc D The Florida Keys are not all inhabited Câu hỏi hỏi chi tiết không nêu “the Florida Keys” Học sinh nên gạch chân key words phương án cho đọc lướt nhanh đoạn văn Trong đề cập “ The Florida Keys are a beautiful chain of almost 1,000 coral and limestone islands” nên loại A B Rồi ta lại có thơng tin “ these islands form an arc” nên loại C Chỉ có D khơng đề cập khơng nói đến “ inhabited” DẠNG 5: VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT QUESTION ( câu hỏi 7) Câu hỏi 7: Tìm từ đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa ( vocabulary) Đây dạng câu hỏi khó u cầu học sinh phải đốn nghĩa từ khó xuất đoạn văn dựa vào ngữ cảnh Tuy nhiên để lại vài dấu hiệu để em suy đốn Vocabulary in context question Các câu hỏi thường What is the meaning of “X” in line “Y”? gặp The word “ X” in line “Y” could be replaced by … Which of the following word has the closest meaning with the word “ X” in line “Y”? Which of the following has the opposite meaning with the Câu trả lời word “X” in line “Y”? Dựa vào thông tin xung quanh từ đưa để đoán nghĩa Cách làm từ - Tìm từ đọc - Đọc câu chứa từ cẩn thận - Tìm manh mối ngữ cảnh để giúp hiểu ý nghĩa từ - Chọn đáp án mà ngữ cảnh thể Example1: The passage Professor Richmond's hobby is philately The professor has been quite interested in collecting stamps for a number of years The question: The word "philately" in line could best be replaced by A a philanthropic attitude B a common profession C stamp collecting D teaching classes Trong câu hỏi này, học sinh phải tìm cụm từ nghĩa với “ philately” ( việc sưu tầm tem) Học sinh khơng biết từ em đọc kỹ câu chứa từ câu xung quanh để đốn nghĩa từ ngữ cảnh Ta có “Professor Richmond's hobby is philately” “ interested in collecting stamps” nên ta đốn “philately = stamp collecting” Đáp án C Example2: The passage Michael Collins is very lucky He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons Michael's mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling The question The word "unwilling" in the passage mostly means _ 10 =>Saturated fats : increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood => ko tốt =>Unsaturated fats : tend to lower serum cholesterol => tốt đặc biệt ý “proportion twice that of saturated fats” (tiêu thụ lượng gấp đôi so với saturated fats) Đáp án : (A) unsaturated fats may reduce cholesterol levels Question 3: The consumption of a variety of fats is necessary, but the intake of too much fat may lead to a variety of health problems Excessive intake of fats, like all nutritional excesses, is to be avoided Đáp án : (C) excessive consumption of fats may be dangerous to one’s health ( ý bài: The consumption of a variety of fats is necessary, but the intake of too much fat may lead to a variety of health problems Excessive intake of fats, like all nutritional excesses, is to be avoided) Question 4: Đáp án: (A) the role of fats in human health ( sau đọc nội dung tồn ta suy câu trả lời) Reading comprehension 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Ambient divers are, unlike divers who go underwater in submersible vehicles of pressure resistant suits, exposed to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding (ambient) water Of all types of diving, the oldest and simplest is free diving Free divers may use no equipment at all, but most use a face mask, foot fins, and a snorkel Under the surface, free divers must hold their breath Most free divers can only descend 30 to 40 feet, but some skilled divers can go as deep as 100 feet Scuba diving provides greater range than free diving The word scuba stands for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus Scuba divers wear metal tanks with compressed air or other breathing gases When using open-circuit equipment , a scuba diver simply breathes air form the tank through a hose and releases the exhaled air into the water A closed-circuit breathing device, also called a rebreather, filters out carbon 16 dioxide and other harmful gases and automatically adds oxygen This enables the diver to breathe the same air over and over Ambient divers are ones who _ (A) can descend to extreme depths (B) use submersible vehicles (C) use no equipment (D) are exposed to the surrounding water According to the passage, a free diver may use any of the following EXCEPT (A) a rebreather (B) a snorkel (C) foot fins (D) a mask According to the passage, the maximum depth for free divers is around _ (A) 40 feet (B) 100 feet (C) 200 feet (D) 1,000 feet The word “ this” in the reading passage refers to _ (A) carbon dioxide (B) oxygen (C) Scuba diving (D) closed-circuit breathing device When using closed-circuit devices, divers (A) exhale air into the water (B) hold their breath (C) breathe the same air over and over (D) receive air from the surface LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Bước : Các em nên gạch chân keywords câu hỏi, thấy keywords có nằm sẵn đọc Ambient divers are ones who? According to the passage, a free diver may use any of the following EXCEPT According to the passage, the maximum depth for free divers is around “ this” refers to When using closed-circuit devices, divers Bước : Bắt đầu tìm từ keywords (hoặc từ đồng nghĩa với keywords) có sẵn Các em lưu ý, câu hỏi hỏi theo thứ tự đoạn, ví dụ này, câu 1,2 câu nằm đoạn Ambient divers are, unlike divers who go underwater in submersible vehicles of pressure resistant suits, exposed to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding (ambient) water Of all types of diving, the oldest and simplest is free diving Free divers may use no equipment at all, but most use a face mask, foot fins, and a 17 snorkel Under the surface, free divers must hold their breath Most free divers can only descend 30 to 40 feet, but some skilled divers can go as deep as 100 feet Question 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTION Ambient divers are ones who => thấy câu chứa từ "Ambient divers", đọc thật kỹ ta thấy người viết có giải thích từ "exposed to the pressure and temperature of the surrounding (ambient) water" => dễ dàng chọn đáp án D Đáp án: (D) are exposed to the surrounding water Question 2: UNSTATED DETAIL QUESTION Khi e xac định key words câu hỏi em lướt nhanh để tìm đoạn có câu chứa key words Các em thấy câu "Free divers may use no equipment at all, but most use a face mask, foot fins, and a snorkel", có đáp án A ko xuất hiện, nên đáp án A Đáp án: (A) a rebreather Question 3: STATED DETAIL QUESTION According to the passage, the maximum depth for free divers is around (A) 40 feet (B) 100 feet (C) 200 feet (D) 1,000 feet Ta thấy câu : "Most free divers can only descend 30 to 40 feet, but some skilled divers can go as deep as 100 feet" => với cụm "can go as deep as 100 feet" => đáp án B (bơi sâu 100 feet) Question 4: REFERENCE QUESTION với dạng câu hỏi em nên đọc câu trước câu có chứa từ quy chiếu câu “ A closed-circuit breathing device, also called a rebreather, filters out carbon dioxide and other harmful gases and automatically adds oxygen” câu nói “ closedcircuit breathing device” nen có câu “ this enables…” ta suy “ this = closed-circuit breathing device” đáp án: D closed-circuit breathing device Question 5: STATED DETAIL QUESTION When using closed-circuit devices, divers… (A) exhale air into the water (B) hold their breath 18 (C) breathe the same air over and over (D) receive air from the surface => dễ dàng thấy câu chứa keyword : "When using open-circuit equipment , a scuba diver simply breathes air form the tank through a hose and releases the exhaled air into the water A closed-circuit breathing device, also called a rebreather, filters out carbon dioxide and other harmful gases and automatically adds oxygen This enables the diver to breathe the same air over and over" => em lưu ý, người viết thường không muốn nhắc lại nhiều lần từ, nên dùng từ khác để thay thế, em đọc kỹ nhận thấy "This " thay cho "open-circuit equipment/ device", ta tìm đáp án C Reading comprehension 3: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels In 1837, at the age of eighteen, Melville signed as a cabin boy on a merchant ship that was to sail from his Massachusetts home to Liverpool, England His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849) In 1841, Melville set out on a whaling ship headed for the South Seas After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of Tahiti and Moorea This South Sea island sojourn was a backdrop to the novel Omoo (1847) After three years awayfrom home, Melville joined up with a U.S naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States around Cape Horn The novel White Jacket (1850) describes this lengthy voyage as a navy seaman With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe The public was not ready for Melville's literary metamorphosis from 19 romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism It is ironic that the novel that served to diminish Melville's popularity during his lifetime is the one for which he is best known today Question 1: The main subject of the passage is _ A Melville's travels B the popularity of Melville's novels C Melville's personal background D Moby Dick Question 2: According to the passage, Melville's early novels were _ A published while he was traveling B completely fictional C all about his work on whaling ships D based on his travel experience Question 3: In what year did Melville's book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear? A 1837 B 1841 C 1847 D 1849 Question 4: The word "basis" in paragraph is closest in meaning to A background B message C bottom D dissertation Question 5: The passage implies that Melville stayed in Tahiti because A he had unofficially left his ship B he was on leave while his ship was in port C he had finished his term of duty D he had received permission to take a vacation in Tahiti Question 6: A "frigate" in paragraph is probably _ A an office B a ship C a troop D a fishing boat Question 7: How did the publication of Moby Dick affect Melville's popularity? A His popularity increased immediately C It caused his popularity to decrease B It had no effect on his popularity D His popularity remained as strong as ever Question 8: According to the passage, Moby Dick is _ A a romantic adventure B a single-faceted work C a short story about a whale D symbolic of humanity fighting the universe 20 Question 9: The word "metamorphosis" in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A circle B change C mysticism D descent Question 10: The passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on A nineteenth-century novels B American history C oceanography D modem American literature LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT Question 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTION Câu hỏi nên để làm sau sau đọc lướt qua toàn tập chung vào số câu hỏi chi tiết để hiểu nội dung tồn Đáp án : B ( Tính phổ biến tiểu thuyết Melville) Ý : (Herman Melville, an American author best known today for his novel Moby Dick, was actually more popular during his lifetime for some of his other works) (With the publication of these early adventure novels, Melville developed a strong and loyal following among readers eager for his tales of exotic places and situations However, in 1851, with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish) Question 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTION Đáp án D : dẫn chứng (He traveled extensively and used the knowledge gained during his travels as the basis for his early novels) Phương án A sai không đề cập Phương án B sai tác phẩm dựa kinh nghiệm ông Phương án C sai tiểu thuyết đầu tay ơng nói chuyến đến vùng nam Thái Bình Dương – the south Seas đến Tahiti Question 3: STATED DETAIL QUESTION Đáp án D: His experiences on this trip served as a basis for the novel Redburn (1849) Question 4: VOCABULARY QUESTION Đáp án A basis = background Question 5: STATED DETAIL QUESTION Đáp án A : ý (After jumping ship in Tahiti, he wandered around the islands of 21 Tahiti and Moorea) Question 6: VOCABULARY QUESTION Đáp án B ý ( Melville joined up with a U.S naval frigate that was returning to the eastern United States) Question 7: STATED DETAIL QUESTION Đáp án C dẫn chứng ( with the publication of Moby Dick, Melville's popularity started to diminish) Question 8: Đáp án D dẫn chứng ( Moby Dick, on one level the saga of the hunt for the great white whale, was also a heavily symbolic allegory of the heroic struggle of humanity against the universe) Question 9: VOCABULARY QUESTION Đáp án B metamorphosis = change Suy luận từ ý ( metamorphosis from romantic adventure to philosophical symbolism : thay đổi từ tiểu thuyết phưu lưu tình cảm đến chủ nghĩa tượng trung mang tính triết học) Question 10: MAIN IDEA QUESTION Đáp án A ( tiểu thuyết kỷ 19) 22 BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CÓ ĐÁP ÁN Exercise 1: Read the following passage on commuting, and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions For many people the language of the Internet is English “World, Wide, Web: Three English Words” was the name of an article by Michael Specter in the New York Times a few years ago The article went on to say: “If you want to take full advantage of the Internet, there is only one real way to it: learn English.” In general, it is not difficult to learn to use Internet services But although Internet services are rather easy to use, you will have considerable difficulties if you are not familiar with English In fact, a good knowledge of English is one of the most important aspects that help you use the Internet Learning to use a new Internet service may take a few hours, a few days or some weeks, but it takes years to learn a language so that you can use it fluently and confidently Of course, when you know some English, you can learn more just by using it on the Internet But at least your English should be good enough to understand commonly used words and to know what to on the Internet Câu 1: It to learn to use Internet services A is easy B is difficult C takes a few minutes D takes a very long time Câu 2: According to the article by Michael Specter, you should _ to take full advantage of the Internet A learn to type fast B learn to use the Internet services C learn English 23 D learn the names of some websites Câu 3: Learning to use a language fluently and confidently may take A a few days B a few hours C a few weeks D a few years Câu 4: If you not know English very well, you will when using the Internet A be laughed at B have many difficulties C feel more comfortable D spend a few days Câu 5: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A “English and the Internet” B “Ways to take full advantage of the Internet” C “Practising your English on the Internet” D “How to use Internet services” Đáp án: A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A Exercise 2: The thing I like most about living on a farm when I was small was the change of seasons Spring, summer, autumn and winter - I could see them all come and go and each one was completely different If I hadn't been born and raised in the country, I would have never been able to tell the difference - now in the city, you can buy summer flowers in winter and eat the same vegetables all the year round! Whereas, in the country, I could only eat things at certain times of the year - for example strawberries in June and turnips in winter I lived my childhood with the seasons Also we made most of our food and would never eat frozen or tinned food Everything was fresh - so it must be better than the type of food I am taking now in the city City people may think people in the country miss a lot of good things about modern life, but in my opinion they miss a lot more than them - they miss real life What is the main idea of the passage? A Comparison between life on a farm and that 24 in the city B Food in the country in comparison to that in the city C Seasons in the country D The author's childhood What does the word “ them” in line refer to? A four seasons B winter and autumn C countryside people D plants What can be inferred from the passage about the experience of seasons in a year for the city people? A Seasons are similar B It may be difficult for them to tell seasonal difference C They see different seasons come and go D Food is similar in all four season The word "them" in line refers to _ A city people B four seasons C good things about modern life D people in the country According to the passage, all the followings are true EXCEPT that _ A there are four seasons in the country where the author used to live B the author was born and raised on a farm C people in the country eat the same type of food all the year round D the author takes frozen and tinned food now Đáp án: A A B Exercise 25 D C Today's cars are smaller, safer, cleaner and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today Several new types of automobile engines have already been developed that run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, propane Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option presently available Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or another dependable source of current is available, transportation expects to foresee a new assortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric deliver vans, bikes, and trolleys As automakers work to develop practical electric vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars Public charging facilities will need to be as common as today's gas stations Public parking spots on the street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting Commuters will be able to rent a variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which take place on automated freeways capable of handling five times number of vehicles that can be carried by a freeway today Question The word "charging" in this passage refers to _ A parking B lightening C electricity D credit cards Question The following electric vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT A trains B trolleys C planes D vans Question The word "compact" in the second paragraph is closest meaning to _ A long-range B expensive C squared D concentrated 26 Question According to the passage, public parking lots in the future will be _ A more convenient than they are today B as common as today's gas stations C much larger than they are today D equipped with charging devices Question In the second paragraph the author implies that A a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed B everyday life will stay such the same in the future C electric vehicles are not practical for the future D a single electric vehicle will eventually replace some modern transportation Question The word "commuters" in paragraph refer to _ A daily travelers B taxi drivers C shoppers D visitors Question The passage would most likely be followed by details about A pollution restitutions in the future B electric shuttle buses C automated freeways D the neighborhood of the future Question The word "hybrid" in paragraph is closest meaning to A combination B link C automated D futuristic Question The author's purpose in the passage is to A narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles B criticize conventional vehicles C support the invention of electric cars D describe the possibilities for transportation in the future Question 10 It can be inferred from the passage that _ A the present cars are more economical than their future generation B electricity is the best alternative source of power as it is almost free of pollution C many new types of practical electric engines have been developed D the present electric engines are the best option as being practical Đáp án: C; C; D; D; A; A; C; A; D; 10 B Exercise 27 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct asnswer Our eyes and ears might be called transformers because they sense the light and sound around us and turn them(1) into electrical impulses that the brain can interpret These electrical impulses that have been transformed by the eyes and ears reach the brain and are turned into messages that we can interpret For the eye, the process begins as the eye admits light waves, bends them(2) at the cornea and lens, and then focuses them on the retina At the back of each eye, nerve fibers bundle together to form optic nerves, which join and then split into two optic tracts Some of the fibers cross so that part of the input from the right visual field goes into the left side of the brain, and vice versa The process in the ear is carried out through sensory cells that are carried in fluid-filled canals and that are extremely sensitive to vibration Sound that is transformed into electricity travels along nerve fibers in the auditory never These fibers form a synapse with neurons that carry the messages to the auditory cortex on each side of the brain Câu 1: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "admits"? A Selects B Lets in C Interprets D Focuses on Câu 2: What does the word "them(2)" in the passage refer to ? A Messages B Eyes C vessels D Light waves Câu 3: According to the author, we might call our eyes and ears "transformers" because _ A the create electrical impulses B the brain can interpret the input C they sense light and sound D the messages travel in the brain Câu 4: Which of the following is the most similar to the word "vibration"? A Light B Sound C Movement D Heat Câu 5: The phrase "carried out" could be best be replaced by which of the following? A Accomplished B Taken away C Maintained D Brought over Câu 6: According to the passage, when input from the right visual field goes into the left side of the brain, what happens? A Input from the left field goes to the right side B The retina receives light waves C The optic nerves split 28 D The nerve fibers bundle together Câu 7: What does the word "them(1)" in the passage refer to? A Light and sound B Electrical impulses C Eyes and ears D Transformers Câu 8: According to the passage, optic nerves eventually _ A admit light waves B bend C become messages D split Câu 9: The word "split" is closest in meaning to which of the following? A Tear B Fracture C Crack D Separate Câu 10: The word "bundle" could best be replaced by which of the following? A Settle B Grow C Branch D Group Đáp án: 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A 29 8.D 9.D 10.D 30 ... trả lời cho câu hỏi thường dựa vào ý hiểu bài, nhiên học sinh tìm theo trình Cách làm tự đọc - Tìm từ ( key words), then chốt câu hỏi - Đọc lướt (skimming) đọc lướt xem từ then chốt, ý then chốt... tin không xuất Cách làm câu trả lời sai so với - Đọc kỹ câu hỏi lựa chọn cho sẵn, gạch chân key words - Đọc lướt nhanh để khoanh vùng thông tin phù hợp cho phần key words - Đọc kỹ câu chứa ý phần... “X” in line “Y”? Dựa vào thông tin xung quanh từ đưa để đoán nghĩa Cách làm từ - Tìm từ đọc - Đọc câu chứa từ cẩn thận - Tìm manh mối ngữ cảnh để giúp hiểu ý nghĩa từ - Chọn đáp án mà ngữ cảnh