Boiler-Condition-Assessment-Guide-Final-Report-4th-Ed-jun2006

Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline Fourth Edition Technical Report Effective December 6, 2006, this report has been made publicly available in accordance with Section 734.3(b)(3) and published in accordance with Section 734.7 of the U.S Export Administration Regulations As a result of this publication, this report is subject to only copyright protection and does not require any license agreement from EPRI This notice supersedes the export control restrictions and any proprietary licensed material notices embedded in the document prior to publication Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline Fourth Edition 1010620 Final Report, June 2006 EPRI Project Manager R Tilley ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1395 • PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303-0813 • USA 800.313.3774 • 650.855.2121 • askepri@epri.com • www.epri.com DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS DOCUMENT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC (EPRI) NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS DOCUMENT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS DOCUMENT ORGANIZATION(S) THAT PREPARED THIS DOCUMENT EPRI Bevilacqua-Knight, Inc NOTE Requests for copies of this report should be directed to EPRI Orders and Conferences, 1355 Willow Way, Suite 278, Concord, CA 94520, (800) 313-3774 Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc Copyright © 2006 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc All rights reserved CITATIONS This report was prepared by EPRI Charlotte Office 1300 W.T Harris Blvd Charlotte, NC 28262 Principal Investigator R Tilley Bevilacqua-Knight, Inc 1000 Broadway, Suite 410 Oakland, CA 94607 Principal Investigator E Worrell This report describes research sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) The report is a corporate document that should be cited in the literature in the following manner: Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline: Fourth Edition EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, 2006 1010620 iii REPORT SUMMARY Because boiler component failures are the most common cause of unplanned outages in fossil steam plants, a cost-effective condition assessment program is an important element of any operation plan that considers use of demanding operating modes Condition assessment involves determining which components are most vulnerable, inspecting these components, estimating their remaining life, making a run-repair-replace decision, and choosing an optimal re-inspection interval This report provides an overview of guidelines developed by EPRI to help power plant operators cost-effectively determine extent of degradation and predict the remaining life of key boiler components Background EPRI published the first edition of the Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline in 1998 Subsequent updates of the Guideline further addressed a number of issues, including considerations for safely extending outage intervals, cycling, low-NOX operation, and firing low grade and off-design fuels The current revision updates and refines the third edition, adding recent research results and guidance on boiler components not explicitly addressed in previous versions, namely deaerators, feedwater heaters, and superheater crossover piping Increased emphasis is placed on identifying and mitigating root causes before damage occurs or progresses For many fossil plants, today’s market-driven operating practices expose boiler components to conditions not anticipated in their design Competitive markets value a plant’s ability to change output quickly to match load with demand Plants must maintain high reliability and availability while using operating modes, such as load-following and nighttime turndown to very low loads, that introduce rapid and cyclic temperature and furnace chemistry changes that can exacerbate damage mechanisms Lengthened intervals between major maintenance outages provide less opportunity to inspect and repair or replace damaged components At the same time, budgetary pressure continues to force plants to more with less Objective To provide an overview of guidelines developed by EPRI to help power plant operators costeffectively determine the extent of degradation and remaining life of key boiler components Approach These guidelines draw from EPRI’s detailed, area-specific guidelines, which in turn are based on extensive research findings by EPRI, EPRI contractors, EPRI member companies, and other organizations EPRI research reports and software provide a sound technical basis for performing condition assessment activities for boiler components This Guideline consolidates EPRI’s extensive research findings addressing failure modes and condition assessment tools and practices for major boiler components Reference citations provide direction to the more detailed information in the EPRI reports on which the Guideline is based v Results This Guideline provides a starting point for power plant personnel to develop condition assessment programs for specific boiler components, based on boiler type, history, and modes of operation The Guideline features the EPRI-recommended three-level approach to condition assessment The iterative character of this approach allows plants to match the level of condition assessment efforts with their need and value The Guideline is organized by major boiler component It covers tubing, high-temperature headers, drums, economizer headers, piping, valves and attemperators, and feedwater heaters, deaerators, and blowdown vessels Each chapter begins with discussion the relationship between damage mechanisms and specific design details and operating conditions for the subject component A generic or component-specific “roadmap” shows the connections between recommended condition assessment activities based on EPRI’s three-level approach Tables provide key supporting information References to EPRI’s detailed guidelines are provided in each chapter and in the appendices This Guideline, and the more detailed guidelines referenced in it, provide a systematic approach to help managers: • Prioritize condition assessment expenditures • Estimate the remaining life of damaged components • Make better run-repair-replace decisions • Establish cost-effective maintenance re-inspection intervals • Make unit deployment decisions that more accurately consider maintenance impacts of different operating modes EPRI Perspective This Guideline provides an overview of remaining life estimation procedures used to support maintenance decisions, preserve asset value, and guide deployment decisions It serves as an entrée to a family of EPRI reports that provide detailed background and procedures for damage characterizations and inspection recommendations for key boiler components In addition, the Guideline identifies actions that can mitigate or prevent future damage from occurring in boiler components This approach has been successfully demonstrated in past EPRI programs on boiler tube failures Keywords Fossil fuel power plants Condition assessment NDE Remaining life Boiler tube failures High-energy piping vi ABSTRACT This report (Boiler Condition Assessment Guideline) provides a concise overview of procedures developed by EPRI to help power plant operators cost-effectively determine the extent of degradation and remaining life of key boiler components The Guideline draws from EPRI’s detailed area-specific guidelines, which in turn are based on extensive research findings by EPRI, member companies, and other organizations This Guideline offers a starting point for power plant personnel to develop condition assessment programs for specific boiler components The Guideline is organized by major boiler component It covers tubing, high-temperature headers, drums, economizer headers, piping, valves, attemperators, and low-temperature vessels and piping The Guideline reviews the relationship between damage mechanisms and design details and operating conditions for each major boiler component and provides a “roadmap” of recommended condition assessment activities based on EPRI’s three-level approach to condition assessment This approach allows plant personnel to match the level of condition assessment efforts with their need and value Additional information on typical damage mechanisms for each component type, suitable nondestructive evaluation techniques, life assessment software, and damage prevention is provided to support the roadmaps References are provided to more detailed guidelines and source material for specific components, failure modes, and condition assessment tools and practices vii C RESOURCES AND REFERENCES C-1 EPRI Software for Condition Assessment BLESS: EPRI’s Boiler Life Evaluation and Simulation System software is used to analyze cracks and predict the rate of crack growth Although techniques for detecting and measuring cracks are well established, methods to confidently predict a component’s remaining life after crack initiation are less developed Although some cracks present significant risk in many instances, crack initiation may occur early but propagation is so slow that it poses little or no failure risk Ongoing upgrades to EPRI’s BLESS software have simplified and improved prediction of crack initiation and growth rates Boiler OIO: EPRI’s Boiler Overhaul Interval Optimization tool is used to prioritize equipment screening and repairs This series of spreadsheets supports two levels of semiquantitative screening to determine which components are sufficiently critical to maximize return on overhaul maintenance investments A complementary tool, STACKER, helps engineers generate data on the probability of failure based on interviews with knowledgeable plant personnel EPRI’s Creep-FatiguePro software is used to analyze and predict damage accumulation due to creep and fatigue interactions in high-temperature thick-walled components Creep and fatigue interact in complex ways to accelerate material damage in high-temperature components subject to thermal and expansion-constraint stresses Creep-FatiguePro models these components and predicts the likely total damage accumulation DMW-PODIS: EPRI’s Dissimilar Metal Weld Prediction of Damage In-Service software is used to estimate damage accumulation and remaining life in dissimilar metal welds in superheaters and reheaters DMW-PODIS is based on empirical equations that relate damage to loading history for stainless steel and nickel-based filler metal welds Damage evaluations provided by DMW-PODIS can help engineers plan corrective action—plant modification or change in operating conditions—to prolong weld life TULIP: EPRI’s Tube Life Probability software is used to estimate the remaining life of superheater/reheater tubing TULIP models continuum creep damage mechanics and estimates the probability of superheater and reheater tubing failure using Monte Carlo simulation C-1 Resources and References C-2 EPRI Program Support In addition to its publications and periodic conferences, EPRI offers a number of training seminars and other support programs to assist member companies with implementing and improving condition assessment and component life management programs Contacts and listings can be obtained through the EPRI web site, www.epri.com Key offerings include: • On-site training for Boiler Tube Failure Reduction and Cycle Chemistry Improvement • Customized training programs and consulting • Boiler Reliability Interest Group (BRIG) • High-Energy Piping Interest Group (HEPIP) • EPRI NDE Center C-2 Resources and References C-3 EPRI Reports An extensive catalogue of technical reports documents EPRI’s work with member companies and research organizations to study damage mechanisms and develop tools and guidelines for conducting condition assessment and component life management programs Reports relevant for boiler components include the following: Boiler Condition Assessment and Component Life Management Proceedings: Advances in Life Assessment and Optimization of Fossil Power Plants EPRI: 2002 Report 1006965 Condition Monitoring for Boiler Availability Improvement EPRI: 2003 Report 1004300 Demonstration of the Cold Air Velocity Technique to Control Fly Ash Erosion at a National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Plant EPRI: 2004 Report 1010542 Examples Manual for Boiler Overhaul Interval Optimization EPRI: 2004 Report 1004305 Guidelines for Performing Probabilistic Analysis of Boiler Pressure Parts EPRI: 2000 Report 1000311 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Cold Reheat Piping EPRI: 2005 Report 1009863 Guidelines for the Evaluation of Seam-Welded High-Energy Piping EPRI: 2003 Report 1004329 Guidelines for the Prevention of Economizer Inlet Header Cracking in Fossil Boilers EPRI: 1989 Report GS-5949 Header and Drum Damage: Theory and Practice, Volume 1: Information Common to All Damage Type, Volume 2: Mechanisms EPRI: 2003 Report 1004313 Inherently Reliable Boiler Component Design EPRI: 2003 Report 1004324 Life Assessment of Boiler Pressure Parts, Vols 1-3, 5, and EPRI: 1993 Report TR-103377 Boiler Tube Failures Acoustic Boiler Tube Leak Detection: Utility Experience EPRI: 1987 Report CS-5136 Boiler Tube Failure Metallurgical Guide EPRI: 1993 Report TR-102433, Vols 1-2 Boiler Tube Failure Reduction Program EPRI: 1991 Report GS-7454 C-3 Resources and References Boiler Tube Failures EPRI: 2001 Report PS-114825 Boiler Tube Failures: Theory and Practice EPRI: 1996 Report TR-105261 Volume 1: Boiler Tube Fundamental Volume 2: Water-Touched Tubes Volume 3: Steam-Touched Tubes Circumferential Cracking on the Waterwalls of Supercritical Boilers EPRI: 1995 Report TR-104442 Vols 1-2 Corrosion-Fatigue Boiler Tube Failures in Waterwalls and Economizers, Vols 1-5 EPRI: 1992–96 Report TR-100455 Corrosion-Fatigue Crack Initiation of Boiler Tubes: Effect of Phosphate in Boiler Water EPRI: 1997 Report TR-105568 Evaluation of Supercritical Boiler Waterwall Cracking EPRI: 2005 Report 1012862 Feasibility Study for Detecting Cold-Side Fatigue Cracks in Waterwall Tubes Using the Magnetostrictive Sensor (MsS) Technique EPRI: 2003 Report 1007798 Guidelines for the Control and Prevention of Fly Ash Erosion in Fossil-Fired Power Plants EPRI: 1994 Report TR-102432 Intelligent Sootblowing at TVA's Bull Run Plant EPRI: 2003 Report 1004115 Long-Range MsS Guided-Wave Inspection of Reheater Boiler Tubes EPRI: 2003 Report 1007803 Mitigation of Fireside Corrosion in Low-NOX Boilers: A State of the Art Assessment of Materials Solutions EPRI: 1999 Report TR-112823 Proceedings: International Conference on Boiler Tube Failures in Fossil Plants, November 6-8, 2004, Phoenix, Arizona EPRI: 2002 Report 1007347 Proceedings: Third International Conference on Boiler Tube Failures in Fossil Plants EPRI: 1998 Report TR-109938 (See report TR-100493 for proceedings of the Second International Conference.) State-of-Knowledge Assessment for Accelerated Waterwall Corrosion with Low-NOX Burners EPRI: 1997 Report TR-107775 Tube Repair and Protection for Damage Caused by Sootblower Erosion EPRI: 2004 Report 1008037 Waterwall Fireside Corrosion Under Low-NOX Burner Conditions EPRI: 2001 Report 1001351 C-4 Resources and References Cycle Chemistry, Corrosion, and Deposition 8th International Conference on Cycle Chemistry in Fossil and Combined Cycle Plants EPRI: 2005 Report 1012930 Behavior of Aqueous Electrolytes in Steam Cycles: The Final Report on the Solubility and Volatility of Copper (I) and Copper (II) Oxides EPRI: 2004 Report 1011075 Boiler Water Deposition Model, Part 1, Feasibility Study EPRI: 2004 Report 1004931 Condensate Polishing Training Manual EPRI: 2004 Report 1004933 Copper Alloy Corrosion in High Purity Feedwater EPRI: 2000 Report 1000456 Copper Alloy Corrosion in High Purity Feedwater: Admiralty Brass, Aluminum Brass, and o 90/10 Copper Nickel at 95 C EPRI: 2003 Report 1007391 Cycle Chemistry Guidelines for Fossil Plants: All-Volatile Treatment, Revision EPRI: 2002 Report 1004187 Cycle Chemistry Guidelines for Fossil Plants – Oxygenated Treatment EPRI: 2005 Report 1004925 Cycle Chemistry Guidelines for Fossil Plants – Phosphate Continuum and Caustic Treatment EPRI: 2004 Report 1004188 Cycle Chemistry Upsets During Operation: Cost and Benefit Considerations EPRI: 2005 Report 1008005 Deposition in Boilers: Review of Soviet and Russian Literature EPRI: 2003 Report 1004193 Deposition on Drum Boiler Tube Surfaces EPRI: 2004 Report 1008083 EPRI Cycle Chemistry Advisor Code, Version 3.1 EPRI: 2002 Report 1006935 Guidelines for Chemical Cleaning of Conventional Fossil Plant Equipment EPRI: 2001 Report 1003994 Guidelines for Controlling Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Fossil and Combined Cycle Plants EPRI: 2005 Report 1008082 Guidelines for Copper in Fossil Plants EPRI: 2000 Report 1000457 Influence of Water Chemistry on Copper Alloy Corrosion in High Purity Feedwater EPRI: 2003 Report 1007162 C-5 Resources and References Justifying Cycle Chemistry Upgrades to Improve Availability, Performance, and Profitability EPRI: 2001 Report 1004586 Low-Temperature Corrosion Problems in Fossil Power Plants—State of Knowledge Report EPRI: 2003 Report 1004924 Proceedings: 7th International Conference on Cycle Chemistry in Fossil Plants EPRI: 2004 Report 1009194 Proceedings: 6th International Conference on Fossil Plant Cycle Chemistry EPRI: 2001 Report 1001363 Real Time Cycle Chemistry Excursions: An Approach to Valuation and Decision Guidance EPRI: 2003 Report 1004935 State-of-Knowledge on Deposition: Part 1: Parameters Influencing Deposition in Fossil Units EPRI: 2002 Report 1004194 State-of-Knowledge on Deposition: Part 2: Assessment of Deposition Activity in Fossil Plant Units EPRI: 2003 Report 1004930 The Volatility of Impurities in Water/Steam Cycles EPRI: 2002 Report 1004194 Valuing Cycle Chemistry in Fossil Power Plants EPRI: 2002 Report 1004641 User's Manual for EPRI ChemExpert, Version 3.0: Cycle Chemistry Advisor for Fossil Power Plants EPRI: 2001 Report 1006404 Materials, Damage Mechanisms, Welding, and Repair Techniques Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference EPRI: 2005 Report 1011381 Application and Repair of Overlay Welds EPRI: 2005 Report 1009755 Development of Advanced Methods for Joining Low-Alloy Steels EPRI: 2004 Report 1004916 Effect of Cold-Work and Heat Treatment on the Elevated-Temperature Rupture Properties of Grade 91 Material EPRI: 2005 Report 1011352 Effect of Normalization and Temper Heat Treatment on P91 Weldment Properties EPRI: 2005 Report 1004915 Embrittlement of Components in Fossil Fueled Power Plants EPRI: 2003 Report 1004515 EPRI Conference on 9Cr Materials Fabrication and Joining Technologies EPRI: 2001 Report 1006299 C-6 Resources and References Evaluation of Filler Materials for Transition Weld Joints between Grade 91 and Grade 22 Components EPRI: 2005 Report 1009758 Fossil Welding Program Best Practices EPRI: 2004 Report 1008059 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants (2004) EPRI: (Proceedings Pending) Further Validation of EPRI's Remaining Life Assessment of Austenitic Stainless Steel Superheater and Reheater Tubes: AEP-Amos EPRI: 2004 Report 1011072 Grade 22 (2-1/4Cr-1Mo) Low Alloy Steel Handbook EPRI: 2005 Report 1011534 Grade 22 Low Alloy Steel Handbook EPRI: 2005 Report 1012840 Guideline on Fossil Boiler Field Welding EPRI: 2003 Report 1004701 Guideline for Welding P(T) 91 Materials EPRI: 2002 Report 1006590 Materials Solutions for Waterwall Wastage—An Update EPRI: 2005 Report 1009618 Metallurgical Guidebook for Fossil Power Plant Boilers EPRI: 2005 Report 1004509 Optimum Hardness of P91 Weldments EPRI: 2003 Report 1004702 Performance Review of T/P91 Steels EPRI: 2002 Report 1004516 P-No and P-No 5A Temperbead Repair Using the Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) Process EPRI: 2001 Report 1001271 Remaining Life Assessment of Austenitic Stainless Steel Superheater and Reheater Tubes EPRI: 2002 Report 1004517 Remaining Life Assessment of Grade 91 Superheater and Reheater Tubing Subject to Long-Term Overheat-Creep Damage EPRI: 2004 Report 1011286 Repair Technology for Stub Tube-to-Header Creep Damage EPRI: 1999 Report HW-113512 Repairs of Deaerators EPRI: 2004 Report 1008069 Temperbead Repair Welding of Grade 91 Material EPRI: 2005 Report 1009757 Temperbead Welding of P-Nos and Materials EPRI: 1998 Report TR-111757 The Use of Weld Overlays to Extend the Useful Life of Seam Welded High Energy Piping in Fossil Power Plants EPRI: 2001 Report 1001270 C-7 Resources and References The Use of Weld Overlays to Extend the Life of Seam Welded High Energy Piping in Fossil Power Plants: Common PQR and Thinner Piping Evaluation EPRI: 2002 Report 1004616 Thermal Fatigue Cracking of Boiler Drums EPRI: 2002 Report 1004614 Thermal Fatigue of Fossil Boiler Drum Nozzles EPRI: 2005 Report 1008070 Weld Overlay of Waterwall Tubing, Alternative Filler EPRI: 2001 Report 1001268 Weld Overlay of Waterwall Tubing, Alternative Materials and Distortion EPRI: 1999 Report TR-112643 Weld Overlay of Waterwall Tubing, Repair Procedures and Contract Specifications EPRI: 2002 Report 1004615 Nondestructive Evaluation, Sample Testing, and Analysis Accelerated Stress Rupture Testing Guidelines for Remaining Creep Life Prediction EPRI: 1997 Report TR-106171 Acoustic Boiler Tube Leak Detection: Utility Experience EPRI: 1987 Report CS-5136 Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Cracks in Fossil Fuel Boilers EPRI: 1987 Report CS-5264 Acoustic Emission Monitoring of High-Energy Headers EPRI: 1997 Report TR-107839, Vol Acoustic Emission Monitoring of High-Energy Steam Piping EPRI: 1995 Report TR-105265, Vol Assessment of NDE for Pre-Crack Creep Damage in Boiler Components EPRI: 2000 Report 1000310 Assessment of NDE for Pre-Crack Fatigue Damage in Boiler Pressure Components EPRI: 2000 Report 1000313 Assessment of Robotics for Boiler NDE and Repair EPRI: 2000 Report 1000301 Feasibility Study for Detecting Cold-Side Fatigue Cracks in Waterwall Tubes Using the Magnetostrictive Sensor (MsS) Technique EPRI: 2003 Report 1007798 Fossil-Fired Boiler Tube Inspection EPRI: 1986 Report CS-4633, Vol Guidelines for Advanced Ultrasonic Examination of Seam-Welded High-Energy Piping EPRI: 2000 Report 1000564 C-8 Resources and References Guidelines for the Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Diffraction Inspection of Ligament Cracking in Steam Headers EPRI: 2003 Report 1007702 Guidelines for Performing Probabilistic Analyses of Boiler Pressure Parts EPRI: 2000 Report 1000311 High Temperature Strain Gaging EPRI: 2005 Report 1004526 Infrared Thermography Guide (Revision 3) EPRI: 2002 Report 1006534 Life Assessment of Boiler Pressure Parts EPRI: 2000 Report 1000311 Long-Range MsS Guided-Wave Inspection of Reheater Boiler Tubes EPRI: 2003 Report 1007803 Miniature X-ray Diffraction System for In Situ Residual Stress Measurement EPRI: 2003 Report 1004522 NDE Guidelines for Fossil Power Plants EPRI: 1997 Report TR-108450 and CD-ROM CD108450 Providing Access for Inspection of Corrosion-Fatigue Damage in Waterwalls and Subsequent Repair EPRI: 2005 Report 1011517 Thermal Fatigue Cracking in Fossil Boiler Drums; Finite-Element-Based and Fracture Mechanics Analyses EPRI: 2005 Report 1011916 Operations, Maintenance, and Design Considerations Cyclic Operation of Power Plant (Technical, Operation, and Cost Issues) EPRI: 2001 Report 1004655 Damage to Power Plants Due to Cycling EPRI: 2001 Report 1001507 Guidelines on the Effects of Cycling on Maintenance Activities EPRI: 2001 Report 1004017 Guidelines for Chemical Cleaning of Conventional Fossil Plant Equipment EPRI: 2001 Report 1003994 Impact of Operating Factors on Boiler Availability EPRI: 2000 Report 1000560 Inherently Reliable Boiler Component Design EPRI: 2003 Report 1004324 State of the Art Boiler Design for High Reliability Under Cycling Operation EPRI: 2004 Report 1009914 C-9 Resources and References Statistical Analysis Methodology for Predicting Impact of Operation Factors on Boiler Availability EPRI: 2001 Report 1004064 Severe Duty Valve Maintenance Guide EPRI: 2005 Report 1011828 Valve Application, Maintenance, and Repair Guide EPRI: 1999 Report TR-105852-V1 C-10 Resources and References C-4 Other References Steam: Its generation and use 41st edition The Babcock & Wilcox Company, 2005 B&W has made significant additions for the 41st edition of this classic reference and includes a CD with searchable text in PDF format The text now includes a comprehensive section on condition assessment and better explanations of operating modes and other key knowledge areas for steam power plants and other steam systems http://www.babcock.com The extensive catalog of technical papers available, in PDF format, on the Babcock and Wilcox Company website includes many documenting B&W experience with condition assessment of boiler components http://www.babcockpower.com References on damage mechanisms and condition assessment from the Babcock Power Inc web site include PDF versions of technical papers from Babcock Power Services Inc., Boiler Tube Company of America, Riley Power Inc (Riley Stoker Company, DB Riley), and Vogt Power International Inc http://www.structint.com/tekbrefs/ Structural Integrity website provides access to PDF versions of technical papers addressing a variety of damage mechanisms and condition assessment processes and technologies, including use of EPRI’s Creep-FatiguePro software C-11 Export Control Restrictions The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Access to and use of EPRI Intellectual Property is granted with The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), with major locations in the specific understanding and requirement that responsibility Palo Alto, California, and Charlotte, North Carolina, was established for ensuring full compliance with all 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Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Inc All rights reserved Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of the Electric Power Research Institute, Inc Boiler Life and Availability Improvement Program Printed on recycled paper in the United States of America ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304-1395 • PO Box 10412, Palo Alto, California 94303-0813 USA 800.313.3774 • 650.855.2121 • askepri@epri.com • www.epri.com 1010620