NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Lesson 4: Sound /k/ - /g/ ; /p/ - /b/; /t/ - /d/ A Sound /k/ - /g/ - I How To Make Sound /k/ - /g/ - Raise the back of your tongue to touch the back or the roof of your mouth - Start to breathe out and let a little air build up behind your tongue - Don’t let any air out through your nose - Drop the back of your tongue down quickly, letting the air out of your mouth If vibration => /g/ (voiced) If no vibration => /k/ (voiceless) II When Is Sound /k/ Used? Spelling Examples Frequency C, cc, k, ck Cat, soccer, key, back Often ch Chord, ache X (irregular) Exit, six Sometimes often There is a silent /k/ in ‘kn’ spellings at the start of words like “know, knee, knock, knife, knowledge” III When Is Sound /g/ Used? Spelling Examples Frequency g, gg get, again, bigger Often gh, gu ghost, guess Sometimes X (irregular) examine, exotic Sometimes - There is a silent /g/ in ‘gn’ spellings like “gnome, sign” - The g in ‘gh’ spelling is not usually pronounced as a /g/ + Sometimes it is silent, like through + Sometimes it is pronounced /f/, like enough Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN IV Let’s Try /k/ cat clean /g/ get green • • • • echo record back ask argue again bag dog six digger Excuse me, could you bake me a cream cake? The girl got good grades in her exams Six quick cricket critics A gaggle of grey geese are in the green grass grazing V Practice Exercise Listen and circle the word you hear coat / goat class / glass curl / girl cold / gold clock / clog back / bag Exercise Add the sound /g/ or /k/ to the beginning of these words and write the new words Ex: /k/ + /ˈwɔːtər/ (water) = /ˈkwɔːtər/ (quarter) + /g/ + /k/ rate lime aim air round all old ill Exercise Listen to the dialog Circle all the correct words Gary and Grace live in (Chicago / Michigan / England) Their guests, Maggie and Greg, live in (Chicago / Michigan / England / Canada) Gary and Grace plan to (go jogging / play the guitar / go to a baseball game / play golf / shop for gifts / go to art galleries / go camping) with their guests After they visit Chicago, Maggie and Greg are going to (Michigan / Canada / Greece) Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN B Sound /p/ - /b/ - I How To Make Sound /p/ - /b/ /p/ is voiceless /b/ is voiced - Lightly squeeze your lips together, all the way along - Start to breathe out, and let a little air build up behind your lips - Don't let any air out through your nose! - Let your lips spring apart quickly, and continue breathing out If no vibration => /p/ If vibration => /b/ II When Is Sound /p/ Used? Spelling Examples Frequency p Pen, cup, open often pp apple, appear often There is a silent /p/ in ‘ps’, ‘pt’, ‘pn’, often at the beginning of a word, like “psychology, psychosis, pterodactyl, pneumatic” Make sure to allow a small extra puff of air as your lips spring apart if /p/ is : • the first sound in a word (pen) • in the stressed syllable (appear) • followed by a vowel (pink) You don't need this puff of air if the /p/ is • followed by a consonant (price) • unstressed (carpet) • at the end of a word (cup) III When is sound /b/ used? Spelling Examples Frequency b Be, able, stumble, cab often bb Stubble often There is a silent /b/ in ‘mb’, like comb, dumb Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN IV Let’s Try /p/ pen price carpet open /b/ birthday boss able • • • • • appear cup above tub stop tube Please press play, pause and stop on the tape Both boys bought big bunches of bananas The perfect place to spend your birthday is on the beach with your best pals I'd like a proper cup of coffee from a proper copper coffee pot A big black bug bit a big brown bear, and the big brown bear bled badly V Practice: Exercise Match the words with suitable phonetic symbols Choose from the word list /bæk/ _ Pack /bɪrd/ _ Back /bɪl/ _ Beard /blæk/ _ Part /bɑːm/ _ Pepper /pæk/ _ Black /ˈpeɪpər/ _ Bill /pɑːrt/ _ Party /ˈpɑːrti/ _ Paper /ˈpepər/ _ Bomb Exercise Tick the words that you hear in the sentences Pin Bin Poppy Bobby Pup Pub Pig Big Pack Back Peach Beach Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN C Sound /t/ - /d/ I How To Make Sound /t/ - /d/ /t/ is voiceless /d/ is voiced - Press the tip of your tongue onto the alveolar ridge - Let the sides of your tongue touch the top molars - Start to breathe out, and let a little air build up behind your tongue Don't let any air out through your nose! - Drop your tongue tip quickly, and continue breathing out - If no vibration => /t/ - If vibration => /d/ - II When Is Sound /t/ Used? Spelling Examples Frequency t top, atom, sat often tt butter often th Thomas, Thailand, thyme rarely, often in names There is a silent /t/ if ‘st’ is in the middle of words like “fasten, listen, whistle, glisten, castle, hustle” III When Is Sound /d/ Used? Spelling Examples Frequency d Do, meadow, brand often dd ladder often IV Let’s Try /t/ time train /d/ dog drive - artist rider attain India bottom read heart hard late ready Tell Tom to take the train into town Daisy couldn’t decide which day to drive down to Dover A tiny tiger tied her tie tighter, to tidy her tatty tail Dotty tried to too much so Dotty ended up drained Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN V Practice Exercise Listen and repeat these minimal pair sentences You too You You sent the emails? You send the emails? Is the red cart hers? Is the red card hers? Can he write well? Can he ride well? Does this train smell? Does this drain smell? Is there a trunk outside? Is there a drunk outside? Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN Exercise Listen and choose the words that you hear in the sentences Writing Riding Cart Card Bat Bad Sent Send Sight Side Try Dry Exercise Listen and fill the blanks with words having sound /t/ or /d/ Diana: (phone rings) Hello David: Hello, Diana? This is David Diana: Oh, hi, David David: What _ yesterday? I waited and _ for you You forgot our _ , didn’t you? Diana: No, I But it rained all day and I had a bad cold, so I _ to stay home David: You did? But I _ to call you at least 20 times and nobody answered! Diana: Oh, the phone lines were damaged by the _ They repaired them _ David: Oh And what did your sister Maddy yesterday? Did she and her boyfriend go _ ? Diana: No, they didn’t They stayed home and played _ David: And what did you do? Did you play cards, _ ? Diana: No, I studied and _ to CDs And after _ , I watched a DVD with Maddy David: What did you for dinner? Diana: I didn’t feel like making a big dinner, so I just heated up some frozen _ What did you yesterday, David? David: I just told you, Diana I tried to call you 20 _ ! Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội ... / Canada / Greece) Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3 948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN B Sound /p/ - /b/ - I How To Make Sound /p/... Pack Back Peach Beach Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3 948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN C Sound /t/ - /d/ I How To Make Sound /t/... Dotty ended up drained Đăng ký học: 0962 60 8801 – 04 6260 3 948 Địa chỉ: Số 18 Trần Đại Nghĩa – Q Hai Bà Trưng – Hà nội NGOẠI NGỮ 24H WWW.NGOAINGU24H.VN V Practice Exercise Listen and repeat these