Đổi mới tổ chức quản lý cảng biển việt nam theo hướng mô hình chính quyền cảng tự chủ tt tiếng anh

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES TRAN HOANG HAI INNOVATION MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION IN THE DIRECTION OF VIETNAM’S SEAPORT PATTERNS AUTONOMOUS PORT AUTHORITY Major: Economic management Code: 9340410 SUMMARY OF PH.D THESIS Hanoi - 2019 The dissertation was accomplished at Graduate Academy of Social Sciences Supervisors: Dr Tran Kim Hao Dr To Dinh Thai Reviewer 1: Prof Dr Dang Dinh Dao Reviewer 2: Assoc Prof Dr Ngo Tuan Nghia Reviewer 3: Assoc Prof Dr Phi Manh Hong The dissertation will be defended at the Thesis Committee of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences held in……………………… Available at: - National Library of Vietnam - Library of Graduate Academy of Social PREAMBLE The urgency of the topic In the world, sea transport is considered as one of the most preeminent means of transportation due to its low cost and high ability to spread the regional economy Sea transport activities with a central role is the operation of the seaport system, always the concern of specialized managers The efficiency of shipping activities depends not only on the growth of the fleet, but also on the organizational structure of the port system Without proper investment and proper port system operation, the advantages of sea transport will not be promoted For a maritime country like Vietnam, when the mechanism of centralized bureaucratic central planning was abolished, it shifted to a socialist-oriented market economy, and when our Party and State were and are gradually taking steps building an open economy, international integration, the field of shipping is increasingly concerned by the state: the number of seaports has been increased and invested more; The planning is expanded from north to south; Seaports increasingly play an important transport link in our country's integration with the global economy However, port management currently faces many challenges The old-style management model does not keep up with the requirements of development both in width (scale, port scope) and depth (complexity, technology, technology, production organization ) the performance is limited and many of the available and potential resources have not been used effectively The reality of Vietnam's port operation and investment is facing a big question - that is to determine which management method and model is suitable for the seaport to achieve its efficiency commensurate with its potential and contribute to the successful implementation of "Sea Strategy"? To overcome weaknesses and limitations in the way of managing and coordinating seaport activities, towards coordinating effectively and synchronously seaport infrastructure projects and infrastructure networks connected with Seaports, it is very necessary to research to find an optimal management model of seaports and suitable for the conditions of Vietnam Therefore, the topic " Innovation management organization in the direction of Vietnam’s seaport patterns autonomous port authority "for this doctoral thesis is very necessary and meaningful in both theory and practice The purpose and task of the thesis research 2.1 The purpose of the thesis research The thesis identifies the purpose of the research to clarify the theoretical and practical basis for port management and current status of Vietnam's seaport management, based on which proposed a number of solutions to renovate management organization port management Research hypotheses The current seaport system of Vietnam is still inefficient and does not meet the requirements of integration One of the basic causes is that port management has many shortcomings, so it is necessary to renovate port management On the other hand, the model of autonomous port authority is an effective model being used by many countries around the world The thesis hypothesizes that it is possible to renovate the port management organization in the direction of the model of autonomous port authority to improve the efficiency of seaport exploitation 2.2 Research tasks of the thesis Based on the overview of research results related to the research scope of the topic, the author identifies the research tasks in this thesis as: - Clarifying theoretical and practical bases for port management and port organization management; - Managing seaports of countries around the world; International experience lessons for port management in Vietnam - Assessing the efficiency of Vietnam's port management activities over the past time: clarifying the limitations in port management, thereby proposing the renewal of the management of Vietnam's seaport Research question - Firstly, the theory and practice of port management, port management model and port management organization has developed like? - Second, which port management model is being applied in countries in the world effectively? What experience does Vietnam learn from these port management models? - Thirdly, how is the management model of seaports in Vietnam currently constraining the development of seaport system? - Fourthly, how does Vietnam need to renovate its port management organization to improve the performance of its seaport system? Subject and scope of the thesis research 3.1 Object of the thesis The object of the thesis is Vietnamese port management with two aspects: state management for seaports and port operation management 3.2 Scope of the thesis research * Range of content The scope of research on Vietnam's port management in this thesis is limited to two aspects: state management and port operation management Regarding the content of state management, the thesis focuses on researching: seaport ownership, port management model and port management organization * Space range The dissertation studied the management of seaports in the territory of Vietnam in which the typical sample was Hai Phong seaport system (collectively referred to as Hai Phong seaport) The largest port system in the North has the best productivity and planning of infrastructure in the country * Time range The study was carried out with information and recommendations consistent with the data for the period 2005 - 2018 with a vision to 2030 as well as the conditions of the applicable Maritime Code 2015 The methodology and research methods of the thesis 4.1 Methodology of the thesis The thesis applies dialectical dialectical methodology That is, the dissertation research on port management in Vietnam does not exist independently, it has a dialectical relationship with the state management of non-business units and administrative organizations Ministry, local level The port management itself and the port management organization are not immutable, it is built, formed and developed for a certain period, period with defined socio-economic conditions 4.2 Research methodology of the thesis In the thesis, the author uses qualitative research methods based on primary and secondary data sources Specific include: - Methods of summarizing and analyzing primary data: During the research, primary data was collected through in-depth interview techniques as well as questionnaire surveys The area where primary data collection is carried out is Hai Phong - the largest port system in the North Two questionnaires were prepared and used (See Annex and Appendix 3), with a number of questionnaires of 200 Respondents were seaport enterprises, logistic transport enterprises, and firms ship is the basis for signing an analysis of the current situation of the management of Vietnam's seaport and at the same time clarifying the purpose and meaning of the renovation of Vietnam's seaport management organization in the direction of building an autonomous port government (Chapter 3) - Methods of synthesis and analysis of secondary data: Based on the collection of theoretical data collected on seaports and port management, on the management model of the World Bank's seaport, on management theory based on the model of port authority in domestic and foreign researches, by synthesizing and analyzing the Overview of the research situation and Chapter of the theoretical basis of the thesis created - Comparative method: This method has been used in thesis research, such as Discover the conception of seaport by tradition and present; compare the basic differences of Vietnam's port management model with those in some countries in the world This method is applied to repeated lessons learned from international experiences in Chapter New contributions to the science of the thesis The thesis has the following main contributions: - The dissertation contributes to clarify the theoretical basis for port management, port organization organization and model of autonomous port government and port management experience in some countries in the world - The thesis clearly analyzes the status of management of Vietnamese seaports, organization of Vietnamese seaports; detect and analyze the limitations and shortcomings in port management in our country today - The dissertation proposes solutions to renovate the port management organization in the direction of building an autonomous port government in Vietnam conditions Theoretical and practical meanings of the thesis Clarify the ability to apply common theoretical basis for port management and port organization organization according to some world practices and models and conditions in Vietnam The recommendations for Vietnam are drawn from the research and analysis of the issues of general theoretical basis in port management and organization, as well as on the basis of research and analysis of the current situation Now in the management and organization of Vietnam's seaport management has brought the thesis a practical meaning The structure of the thesis Topics outside the Introduction and Conclusion include chapters: Chapter Overview of research situation related to the thesis Chapter Theoretical and practical basis for port management Chapter Situation of port management in Vietnam Chapter Proposals and solutions for renovating the management of Vietnamese seaports under the model of autonomous port authority Chapter OVERVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH SITUATION COME TO THE THESIS 1.1 Research situation abroad Within the overview of the research situation in foreign countries, the thesis presents approaches to the research content according to the following groups of issues: - Studies on seaports and the role of seaports - Studies of seaport ownership - Studies on seaport management, port management model and port organization organization - The study of port government organization - Researching some specific cases of port management in the world * Some key characteristics drawn from the literature review abroad: - Firstly, the view of seaports has changed significantly, the port is considered as an important link in the international "logistics supply chain" Therefore, port management needs to be adjusted to suit the new perspective Port management is not only limited to the port area, but also the "port cluster" (the port area includes the port logistics system) - Second, the diversification of seaport ownership along with the shift of public ownership to private ownership is promoting positive aspects that help improve port performance This shift is gradually becoming a general trend and starting out, the most common in developed countries Meanwhile, developing countries tend to shift their ownership, the power of private investment is increasingly evident Reform of port management is an inevitable trend - Thirdly, the position and role of port authorities including the port authority change during port reform; port authority unifies and performs two management functions: state management and port operation management The world trend shows that the port authority model has shifted from public ownership to port privatization Port governments are given more autonomy, being responsible for port profits and performance - Fourthly, there exist differences in the establishment of port management organizations in other countries and the model of port authorities is not rigid and imposing It can be changed powers and functions to suit the ownership regime, legal institutions of each country, each region and each region 1.2 The situation of domestic research The thesis presents the approaches of research content according to the following groups of issues: - Studies related to State management for public non-business units - Studies related to Vietnam's port management - Researches on agencies / organizations managing Vietnam's ports * Some key characteristics drawn from the literature review review in the country: - Firstly, Vietnam is in the process of renovation, gradually testing economic management models to find the optimal model The government is also boldly decentralizing, empowering and responsible for administrative units and private organizations Many studies suggest that it is necessary to separate the ownership function and the state management function for SOEs - Second, the research results show the ineffectiveness in Vietnam's port management, and this has significantly affected the port operation efficiency The solution is to renovate the port management model to overcome limitations and meet the requirements of integration - Thirdly, studies show that to improve the performance of seaports, the state needs to change its management mechanism by expanding the participation of the private sector The presence of private sector in the port industry will solve the problem of investment in the construction of port infrastructure and logistics areas behind the port 1.3 Identify research gaps The research gap in the thesis is: Difficulties and barriers in port management are hindering exploitation efficiency and international competitiveness of Vietnamese ports Proposing solutions to renovate seaport management organization to improve the efficiency of Vietnamese seaports Chapter THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS ON PORT MANAGEMENT 2.1 General issues about seaports 2.1.1 Definition of a seaport “A seaport is a complex economic, technical and technological area, including infrastructure, suitable technical equipment and technology in the port land and the port waters, providing the entire supply related services (including business and public services) to ensure efficiency with the function of an integral part of the entire transport chain, and is developed into a hub service industry and logistics, playing an important role in the value chain of industrial products in general and the value chain of logistics transport in particular within a country, a region or globally ” 2.1.2 Classification of seaports - Classify seaports by type of goods - Classification of seaports by ownership - Classification by service object - Classify seaports according to other criteria 2.1.3 Functions and role of seaports 2.1.3.1 Function of seaport FUNCTION OF THE PORT TRANSPORT FUNCTION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION TRADE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION FUNCTIONAL SUPPLY OF SHIP SUPPORT SERVICES FUNCTION OF CREATING SPACE 2.1.3.2 Port role - Seaports are built to meet the import and export needs of the attractive region Therefore, people used to carry out research on seaport development planning according to pre-established economic development plans + Loading, unloading, transporting, storing and receiving passengers; + Managing and exploiting logistics land behind ports and auxiliary industrial parks; + Providing ancillary services at the port: Pilotage, towage, shipping agency, supply of materials, repair; + Investing in, leasing infrastructure of wharves, logistics; + Checking and supervising exploitation activities of operators at seaports and making plans for construction and development of infrastructure of bridges and seaports in each period 2.2.3 Port management model 2.2.3.1 Baird's port management model Baird's port management model Subject functions Paradigm Port management Port owner Port operator seaport entity Public port Public Public Public Public/private Public Public Private port Private / Private Private Public Public port Private port Private Private Private (Baird 2000) 2.2.3.2 Port management model of WorldBank WorldBank has identified port management models applied in many countries These four management models are: + Public service port model (Public Service Port) + Tool port model (Tool Port): + Port owner model (Landlord Port) + Private port model (Private Service Port) 2.2.4 Factors affecting and evaluating the effectiveness of port management 2.2.4.1 Factors affecting port management performance 11 Baltaza & Brooks (2006) formulate a "Matching Framework" theory that identifies factors that affect the performance of port management The theory states that port management whether at the government level (state management) or at the enterprise level (business administration port enterprises) need to identify a framework of three basic factors, these are: the environment; Strategy and Structure These three factors have a close relationship "together" to decide the performance of port management 2.2.4.2 Criteria for evaluating the efficiency of port planning management a) Minimize costs: + Minimizing user payments at the port, including the time costs of ships at the port; + Minimize labor in transportation; + Minimize port costs b) Maximize benefits: + Maximizing profitability for owners of ports; + Maximize socio-economic benefits for localities, regions or countries 2.2.5 Some theoretical approaches to port management 2.2.5.1 Balanced Scorecard 2.2.5.2 Michael Porter's "clusters" theory 2.2.5.3 Diamond model (Diamon Model) 2.3 Organization of seaport management 2.3.1 Definition of port management organization Within the scope of the thesis, the author uses the phrase "organizing port management" in the second understanding, ie studying the activities of the units (agencies) managing ports 2.3.2 Classification of port management organizations Depending on the scope and authority, there are many different types of organizations (agencies) in charge of port management: - The port management organization is an agency of the central government such as the Government, related ministries (Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Construction ); 12 - The port management organization is an agency of the local government such as the People's Committee of the province or city; related departments and branches - Port management organization established under separate laws: such as Port Authority (PA); Port Management Body (PMB); - Port management organization is a private organization that is governed by the laws of that country (For private owned and managed ports) 2.3.3 Organizing the port authority 2.3.3.1 Definition "Port government" "Port Authority" is understood as an organization operating in the port industry authorized by the State to perform a number of functions / duties belonging to the state management of seaports (as decentralized) and the management function port operation business Port authorities have different structures and operating mechanisms between countries due to their natural, economic, political and social characteristics 2.3.3.2 Classification of port authorities a Classified by ownership: By ownership there are the following types of port authorities: + Central port authorities + Local / municipal port authority + Private port authorities b Classification by autonomy: Under the autonomy there are the following types of port authorities: + Public administration port government (completely dependent on the state budget) + Port authority is partially autonomous (mixed ownership + Port authority has full autonomy 2.3.3.3 Structure, functions and roles of port authorities a Structure of port authority organization The port government organizational structure usually includes the following components: - Board of Directors, Chairman of the Board of Directors 13 - Board of Directors, Executive Director - Management - Departments and functional boards b Function of port authority The port authorities are currently defined to perform two functional groups: port state management function and port operation management function c The role of the port authority - In terms of geography, space, port authority plays a unified role in managing ports in the region, avoiding spontaneous, fragmented and asynchronous development - Regarding the scope of seaport industry, port authority unifies the management of multi-sector seaport area, multimodal transport - In terms of mobilizing port development resources, port authorities can mobilize capital from the private sector for the process of investing and exploiting seaports, port authorities maximize the mobilization of social capital, reducing burden for the state budget - Regarding port operation management, port authorities have the role of regulating and distributing the volume of goods between ports, limiting cases of overloading or excess capacity causing waste 2.3.3.4 Port authority follows an autonomy mechanism Autonomous port authorities have the following characteristics: - Autonomy in performing tasks and organizing the apparatus and personnel - Financial autonomy - Right to mobilize investment capital through public-private partnership (PPP) - Private forms involved in the process 2.4 Managing seaports in some countries in the world and lessons for Vietnam 2.4.1 Port management in the Netherlands 2.4.2 Port management in Italy 14 2.4.3 Port management in Singapore 2.4.4 Port management in Thailand 2.4.5 Lessons learned for Vietnam 2.4.5.1 General comment on organizational structure of port authorities Countries around the world mostly use the model of autonomous port authorities to perform two functions of state management and port operation management However, there are differences between the port authorities under the management of the central government or the local authorities (Dutch port authorities, Italy are largely managed by local authorities, while port authorities in Thailand and Singapore have greater central government control) [Appendix 10] The model of port management organization under the central or local government has the advantage of quick access to macro policy and direction from the government (central or local) However, it has the disadvantage of not having the autonomy and initiative, flexibility in management and investment in construction and development of seaports Organizational structure The port government is established according to specific regulations of the competent authority, with the advantage of being specialized in the field of construction investment, port leasing, and taking initiative in construction building and developing seaports, taking advantage of capital and capabilities of both public and private sectors 2.4.5.2 Lessons learned for Vietnam - Firstly, the issue of improving seaport operation capacity stems from the ownership and management reform that countries around the world have implemented Experience of most countries with developed seaport industry (Netherlands, Italy, Singapore ) is to build a model of port management organization that has the function of exploiting the port and partly managing the port state management of ports (planning function, financial autonomy ) Port owner model is a model applied by many countries with developed seaport systems and is implemented through the role of semi-governmental organizations such as port authority (PA) or port authority (PMB) ) Port authorities play an important role in the 15 development of post-port logistics, development of multimodal transport, mobilization of private resources for port infrastructure development, construction investment, leasing infrastructure of bridges, seaports, logistic areas and auxiliary industrial zones; inspect and supervise activities of operators at seaports; planning to build infrastructure development of bridges and ports in each stage - Secondly, in order to solve capital constraints when financial autonomy, port authorities can take advantage of public-private partnership (PPP), in order to mobilize resources from the private side (own experience) Italian port authority) Such resources can serve directly in the construction of port infrastructure and port logistics chain - Thirdly, in port operation management, it is necessary to focus on investing and applying modern information technology (experience of Singapore) That means reducing the time and cost of handling goods for port operators, increasing the ability to attract international customers, increasing the competitiveness of seaports in the region and in the world - Fourthly, from the experience of the Port Authority of Thailand, the Port Authority plays a role of coordinating cargoes (especially containers) between large ports to avoid overloading or under-loading of ports When the port authority performs the role of regulating the volume of cargo between ports and ports in the port area, it will overcome unhealthy competition and market devastation, especially wastefulness and excess capacity capacity of the ports Chapter CURRENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM PORT MANAGEMENT 3.1 General overview of Vietnam's seaport system 3.1.1 Regarding the planning of Vietnamese seaport groups Currently, Vietnam has 49 seaports and 251 ports with approximately 88 km of wharf length and is planned into groups: Group 1: Northern ports (From Quang Ninh to Ninh Binh) Group 2: North Central Vietnam seaports (from Thanh Hoa to Ha Tinh) Group 3: Trung Trung Bo seaport (from Quang Binh to Quang Ngai) 16 Group 4: Nam Trung Bo seaport (from Binh Dinh to Binh Thuan) Group 5: Southeast ports (including Con Dao and on Soai Rap river in Long An, Tien Giang) Group 6: Sea ports in the Mekong Delta (Phu Quoc and the southwest islands) 3.1.2 Regarding the operation status of Vietnam's seaport system 3.1.2.1 About seaport system At present, there are 49 seaports nationwide (including 17 seaports of categories I and IA; 23 seaports of class II, of offshore oil and gas ports of type III) The total number of ports is 251 ports with 88 km long wharves, total design capacity of about 543.7 million tons / year 3.1.2.2 Regarding navigation channel Currently, there are 42 routes of public maritime routes into the national port with a total length of 935.9 km and 10 channels of specialized ports Important flows include: Hon Gai, Hai Phong, Nghi Son, Da Nang, Quy Nhon, Saigon - Vung Tau, Cai Mep - Thi Vai and Hau river flows through Dinh An estuary The longest channel is Dinh An channel - Can Tho with about 130.6 km, the shortest channel 0.65 km long is the channel to Sa Dec Port in Dong Thap Province (calculated from the confluence of Tien River) The channel for large tonnage vessels to enter the Hau River (via Off channel) with a total length of 46.5 km is being urgently completed and put into operation to accommodate 10,000 DWT full-load ships and 20,000 DWT vessels to reduce the load on duty receiving ports in the Mekong Delta region 3.1.2.3 The ability to receive ships + Many general and container ports of seaports: Quang Ninh; Hai Phong; Nghi Son - Thanh Hoa; Crappy; Danang; Dung Quat - Quang Ngai; Quy Nhon; Ho Chi Minh City is capable of receiving 30,000DWT vessels and up to 85,000 DWT offloading + For Formosa's special-use port of Formosa, capable of receiving bulk ships of up to 200,000 DWT; Vinh Tan thermal power station is designed for 150,000 DWT ships 17 + Currently, Hai Phong seaport is investing in building an international gateway port in Lach Huyen, putting into operation two launch terminals with a length of 750 m, receiving ships of up to 100,000 DWT; + Cai Mep area to receive vessels of 80,000-100,000 DWT (actually CMIT wharf has successfully received a ship of 198,000 DWT) 3.2 Current situation of management of Vietnamese seaports 3.2.1 Actual state management of Vietnamese seaports 3.2.1.1 Promulgating legal documents on management of Vietnamese seaports 3.2.1.2 Planning, investment and development of seaports 3.2.1.3 Promulgating and organizing the collection of charges and fees at seaports 3.2.1.4 Administration of administrative procedures and the movement of ships in, out and operating at ports 3.2.1.5 On the inspection and examination of maritime security and safety, handling of administrative violations within seaports 3.2.2 Current situation of management and operation of Vietnamese seaports 3.2.2.1 Management model of Vietnam's seaport operation 3.2.2.2 Vietnamese seaport operation management a Regarding the operation of wharves, loading and unloading goods, transporting goods, picking up passengers b Managing and exploiting logistics land behind ports and auxiliary industrial parks c Management of ancillary services at the port: Pilotage, towage, shipping agency, supply of materials, ship repair 3.2.3 Case study of Hai Phong port management 3.2.3.1 On management of Hai Phong seaport planning 3.2.3.2 Structure of Hai Phong port management and operation department 3.2.4.3 Results of qualitative research of Hai Phong port management * Regarding state management of seaports: 18 - Current port development orientation and strategy is quite appropriate, however, within the next years, it is necessary to renovate the strategy to suit the requirements of the reality - Inappropriate legal documents and regulations on port management need to be adjusted soon to be suitable to avoid overlapping current situation Innovating the inspection, examination and supervision of seaports is a necessary job - It is necessary to re-plan the current seaport infrastructure, support the ground for production and business for the seaport, especially the logistics area after the port It is necessary to support the promotion, market expansion, consumption of products and services for the seaport as well as the enhancement of technological capacity and technical qualifications for the seaport - Renovating the organization and operation of the state management apparatus for seaport enterprises It is necessary to pilot pilot port authority model suitable to the actual conditions of Vietnam * Regarding the operation of seaports - The basic port services meet the needs of customers However, it is necessary to diversify types of port services In the process of trading and exploiting seaport services, attention should be paid to the quality and speed of cargo handling (loading and unloading, warehousing, storage and preservation services ) 3.3 General assessment of Vietnam's port management 3.3.1 State management of Vietnam's seaport 3.3.1.1 Strengths in port state management 3.3.1.2 Restrictions and causes in the state management of seaports 3.3.2 Management of Vietnam's seaport operation 3.3.2.1 Strengths in port operation management Port operators are now operating independently and proactively in the process of loading and unloading, warehousing, transshipment This initiative will help the company become independent plan, determine the turnover and profit according to the target of enterprise development 3.3.2.2 Limitations and causes of limitations in exploitation 19 - Enterprises that actively exploit will compete with each other, in some cases an unhealthy competition will arise - Due to the absence of a joint operating unit, there will be inconsistencies in the operation of ports: for example, the canal maintenance and dredging plan, the road traffic system of in the rear area, port infrastructure construction projects Chapter PROPOSALS AND SOLUTIONS FOR RENEWING THE MANAGEMENT OF VIETNAM SEAPORTS PORT BY THE MODEL OF AUTHORITY PORT AUTHORITY 4.1 Forecast of international and domestic seaport development trends and challenges for Vietnam seaport industry 4.1.1 Forecast of international seaport development trends 4.1.2 Forecast of domestic port development trends 4.1.3 Opportunities and challenges for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.1.3.1 Opportunities for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.1.3.2 Challenges for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.2 Viewpoints and directions for innovation in Vietnam's port management 4.2.1 Viewpoints on innovation in management of Vietnamese seaports 4.2.2 Orientations for innovation of management of Vietnamese seaports - Create a legal environment for ownership, organization and management of seaports in the port industry space and internal port - Strategic orientation in the port industry: - It is necessary to restructure the port management apparatus, apply a new management model to suit the reality 4.3 Proposing the model of organization and management of Vietnamese seaports and solutions to renovate the organization and management of Vietnam's ports in the direction of the model of autonomous port authorities 20 4.3.1 Proposing a model for management and management of Vietnam's seaport 4.3.1.1 Proposed grounds - Firstly, from the theoretical basis for building a port management model (in chapter 1), countries around the world have applied 04 types of port management model: "public service port" "Tool port", "Port owner Landlord port" and "Private port - Private port" - Secondly, from the experience of many countries, the port owner Landlord port management model and port authority organization have been applied and achieved many successful successes in promoting the port industry development - Thirdly, based on the results of assessing the situation of shortcomings and shortcomings in the port management model (both legal and practical), the state management as well as business organization Port operation business achieved low efficiency, could not meet the market demand as well as international economic integration on seaport activities b Proposing the renovation of port management model in Vietnam From the above grounds, combined with the model suitable to Vietnam's seaport in the coming time, the thesis proposes to apply the port management model "Port owner" Content of the model: Firstly, the State owns all the land and seaport waters, infrastructure and ports; investing in the construction of entire seaport infrastructure, including port infrastructure and public infrastructure Secondly, the State leases bridges and wharves to private organizations for exploitation; rent land in ports to build warehouses and yards; invest in all equipment to provide service of loading and unloading goods, transportation, warehousing and storage Other support services provided by both public and private Thirdly, the loading and unloading business has the right to actively invest in the handling equipment (large-sized cranes) with the features and capacity of exploitation suitable to the needs of customers to ensure effective exploitation , through long-term and stable contracts 21 Fourthly, private enterprises (having enough conditions for loading and unloading business and with the consent of the port authority) are allowed to actively sign contracts with goods owners and ship owners to carry out the loading and unloading of goods high productivity suitable and to meet the needs of the market Fifthly, financially, port management and operation organizations are free to decide on their own service charge rates and use funding sources for expanded reproduction, investment in upgrading infrastructure and rear quarters Need behind the port c Proposing the organization and management of seaports under the model of Port Autonomy + Ensuring the construction and development of seaports in strict compliance with the planning and strategic orientations; + Eliminate the situation of "subdivision", fragmentation, tearing of planning in investment and construction of seaports; + Overcoming the situation of scattered investment, oversupply; thereby maximizing the efficiency in the operation of seaports and land areas behind the ports; + Mobilizing domestic and foreign private capital to invest in building port infrastructure; + Promote the advantage and flexibility in management and operation of seaports, especially from the private sector; + Recovering sources of berth fees, mooring charges and the value obtained from the favorable advantages of seaports; + Ensuring the selection of a capable and efficient port operator with the best rental price; + Gradually forming and developing the supply chain of goods with nuclear ports, contributing to reducing costs and increasing goods value; + Ensure readiness to meet security - defense and social safety requirements This model has the following structure: 22 GOVERMENT Office Port Authority GOVER City government / the transportation MENTG OVERM BOARD OF DIRECTORS P.A ENT MANAGEMENT Organizing Committee port authority Board of Management of port operation (Mining management function) Management Board of port development planning, laws and policies (State Management Function) Department of Planning management, traffic management in ports; Arranging wharves for ships The Economic and Financial Department has developed a plan for leasing infrastructure, licensed and supervised the construction of wharves Some other rooms Supervision Department of business activities Supervision of development project coordination Supervise all activities of the mining business enterprise Planning and Planning Department: Maintenance, dredging, providing port services Some other rooms 4.3.2 Solutions for renovating the management of Vietnam's seaport under the model of autonomous port authority 23 4.3.2.1 Develop a port management model appropriate to the situation in Vietnam 4.3.2.2 Establish management structure of the Autonomy Port Authority model 4.3.2.3 Building institutional, legal and financial regulations for the model of Autonomous Port Authority CONCLUDE The thesis "Renovating the management of Vietnamese seaports in the direction of building a model of autonomous port authority" has codified the most basic issues about the current state of port capacity in Vietnam, especially port management field When applying the model cannot avoid difficulties in law, transformation of current management mechanism, investment capital for seaport construction: amend current legal provisions on land, maritime, charges, fees affecting the functions and tasks of the State management agencies Thus, with the research purpose set out to renovate the port management organization in the direction of the model of autonomous port authority, the thesis has solved the following basic contents: - Theoretically: The thesis has reviewed the domestic and foreign documents related to the content to be studied The documents are selected and scientific, from which the author identifies the research problem, the research method used and identifies the research gap On the other hand, the thesis proposes concepts, characteristics and theories related to port management, port authority model The thesis analyzes the trend of building a model of port authority in the world and studies lessons from the port authority model in developed countries in the world - In practice: The thesis analyzes the current situation of the management model of seaports in Vietnam today This analysis takes place in two aspects: port state management function and port operation management function The dissertation uses qualitative research methods, prepares a questionnaire to investigate two subjects related to the research purpose: Port enterprises and customers using seaport services in Hai Phong Thereby, there is a scientific basis to analyze the current situation of seaport organization and management in Vietnam On the basis of theory and practice, the thesis proposes a port authority model in Vietnam, the model is approached in two aspects: organizational structure and legal aspect The solutions are built on the current theoretical, practical and theoretical foundation of Vietnam's seaport management./ 24 LIST OF WORKS PUBLISHED BY AUTHOR Tran Hoang Hai (2019), "An overview of foreign studies on seaports and port management, suggesting a further research gap for Vietnam", Journal of Science & Economics (No 198 months) 8/2019), p 35-41 Tran Hoang Hai (2018), "Model of port authority in Italy and some suggestions for Vietnam", Journal of Economics and Forecasting (March 7, 2018), pp 47-49 Tran Hoang Hai (2018), "The nature and function of port authority", Asia-Pacific Economic Review (February, 2018), pp28-29 Tran Hoang Hai (2017), “The function of port authorities Approaching from traditionl to modern views ”, Journal of Marine Science and Technology Tran Hoang Hai (2016), "Port development in the" marine economic strategy ", Journal of Science & Economics (No 167 of August 2016), pp 51-53 Tran Hoang Hai (2016), "Logistics services of Hai Phong city at the threshold of integration", Journal of Enterprises & Integration (July 2016 issue), pp 84-85 Tran Hoang Hai (2015), "Development of Vietnamese seaports: Current situation and solutions", Journal of Economics and Forecasting (March 2015 issue), pages 69 - 70 Tran Hoang Hai (2015), "Improving the capacity of Vietnam's seaport", Journal of Price Market (February + March 2015 issue), pp 55-57 Tran Hoang Hai (2014), "Orientation of development of Vietnam's fleet in the integration period", Journal of Market of prices (November 2014 issue), p35-36 25 ... CURRENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM PORT MANAGEMENT 3.1 General overview of Vietnam's seaport system 3.1.1 Regarding the planning of Vietnamese seaport groups Currently, Vietnam has 49 seaports and 251... for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.1.3.1 Opportunities for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.1.3.2 Challenges for Vietnam's seaport industry 4.2 Viewpoints and directions for innovation in Vietnam's port... Vietnam learn from these port management models? - Thirdly, how is the management model of seaports in Vietnam currently constraining the development of seaport system? - Fourthly, how does Vietnam