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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ MỤC ĐÍCH Tài liệu nhằm hỗ trợ cho học viên hình thức giáo dục từ xa nắm vững nội dung ôn tập làm kiểm tra hết môn hiệu Tài liệu cần sử dụng với tài liệu học tập môn học giảng giảng viên ơn tập tập trung theo chương trình đào tạo NỘI DUNG HƯỚNG DẪN Nội dung tài liệu bao gồm nội dung sau:  Phần 1: Các nội dung trọng tâm môn học Bao gồm nội dung trọng tâm môn học xác định dựa mục tiêu học tập, nghĩa kiến thức kỹ cốt lõi mà người học cần có hồn thành mơn học  Phần 2: Cách thức ôn tập Mô tả cách thức để hệ thống hóa kiến thức luyện tập kỹ để đạt nội dung trọng tâm  Phần 3: Hướng dẫn làm kiểm tra Mơ tả hình thức kiểm tra đề thi, hướng dẫn cách làm trình bày làm lưu ý sai sót thường gặp, nỗ lực đánh giá cao làm  Phần 4: Đề thi mẫu đáp án Cung cấp đề thi mẫu đáp án, có tính chất minh hoạ nhằm giúp học viên hình dung yêu cầu kiểm tra cách thức làm thi PHỤ TRÁCH KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ Nguyễn Thúy Nga Phần CÁC NỘI DUNG TRỌNG TÂM Chapter ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC REASONING  Define economics and list three coordination problems that an economy must solve  Define opportunity cost and explain its relationship to economic reasoning  Differentiate between microeconomics and macroeconomics  Distinguish among positive economics, normative economics, and the art of economics Chapter TOOLS OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS  Why theories deliberately simplify reality  Time – series and cross – section data  How to construct index numbers  Nominal and real variables  How to build a simple theoretical model  How to plot data and interpret scatter diagrams  How to use ‘other things equal’ to ignore, but not forget, important influences Chapter TRADE, TRADE – OFFS AND GOVERNMENT POLICY  Scarcity of resources  The Production Possibility Frontier Curve (PPF)  Define the PPF  notions of the PPF  Markets, Specialization and Growth  The roles of government in a market  Regulating trade: Institutions, government and trade Chapter SUPPLY AND DEMAND  Define the demand  Demand table, demand curve, law of demand  Factors to make the shift of the demand curve  Define the supply  Supply table, supply curve, law of supply  Factors to make the shift of the supply curve  The interaction of supply and demand  Shifts in supply and demand Chapter USING SUPPLY AND DEMAND  Real – world supply and demand applications  Government intervention in the market Chapter ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY  How elasticities measure responsiveness of demand and supply  The price elasticity of demand  Inferior, normal and luxury goods Chapter CONSUMER CHOICE  The theory of consumer choice  The budget line  Total Utility  The marginal rate of substitution  Marginal utility (MU) Phần CÁCH THỨC ÔN TẬP Chapter ECONOMICS AND ECONOMIC REASONING  Define economics and list three economic issues that every economy must solve o Read your handout  Define opportunity cost o Read the handout  Differentiate between microeconomics and macroeconomics o Read the handout  Distinguish between positive and normative economics o Read your handout Chapter 2: TOOLS OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS  Define model or theory, data and behavior law o Read the handout  Economic data: time series data; cross section data and index number o How to calculate the index number and the weighted average of indices o Read the handout o Do exercises on index number  Nominal and read variables o Define nominal values and real values  Economic models o Read the handout Chapter 3: TRADE – TRADE OFFS – AND GOVERNMENT POLICY  The Production Possibility Frontier Curve (PPF) o Define the law of diminishing returns o Characteristics of the PPF o Do exercises  General definition of market o Read the handout Chapter 4: SUPPLY AND DEMAND  Demand o Concepts:  Define Demand  Demand table; demand function; and demand curve  Behind the demand curve and shift in the demand curve o Read the handout  Supply o Concepts:  Define Supply  Supply table; supply function; and supply curve  Behind the supply curve and shift in the supply curve o Read the handout o Do exercises  The interaction of supply and demand o The equilibrium price and quantity o Read the handout o Excess demand and excess supply Chapter 5: USING SUPPLY AND DEMAND  Government intervention in the market o Price ceilings and price floors o Read the handout Chapter ELASTICITIES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY  The price responsiveness of demand o Price elasticity of demand (PED) o How to calculate the PED o Read the handout Chapter 7: CONSUMER CHOICE  The theory of consumer choice o The budget line o The slope of budget line o The equation of the budget line o Read the handout o Do exercises Phần HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI KIỂM TRA a Hình thức kiểm tra kết cấu đề The test consists of parts – the Multiple choices and the Exercises  The Multiple choices has got 40 sentences (6 marks) distributed as follows: o Chapter 1: câu o Chapter 2: câu o Chapter 3: câu o Chapter 4: 10 câu o Chapter 5: câu o Chapter 6: 10 câu o Chapter 7: câu  exercises, each is marks and may belong to: o Chapter – the PPF o Chapter 4, Chapter or Chapter b Hướng dẫn cách làm phần trắc nghiệm  Chọn câu trả lời điền vào bảng trả lời Có thể đánh trước đề điền vào sau, phải dành thời gian cho việc KHƠNG ĐÁNH VÀO BẢNG SẼ KHƠNG ĐƯỢC TÍNH ĐIỂM  Chọn câu dễ làm trước c Hướng dẫn làm phần tự luận  Trước hết phải tìm yêu cầu bài, gạch đọc thật kỹ để làm vừa đủ theo yêu cầu Làm thừa so với u cầu khơng tính điểm, thời gian vơ ích  Khơng cần làm theo thứ tự Câu dễ làm trước  Các yêu cầu tính tốn cần làm cẩn thận ngồi chép vào theo thứ tự để tránh bỏ sót  Chép người khác khơng tính điểm 10 If the demand curve for product B shifts to the right as the price of product A declines, then: a A and B are substitute goods b A is a normal good and B is an inferior good c A is an inferior good and B is a normal good d A and B are complementary goods An increase in consumer incomes (like when one wins the big Fantasy Five price) will: a increase the demand for an inferior good b increase the supply of an inferior good c increase the demand for a normal good d decrease the supply of a normal good 10 A decrease in quantity demanded (as distinct from a decrease in demand) is depicted by a: a move from point x to point y b a shift from D1 to D2 c shift from D2 to D1 d move from point y to point x 14 11 The law of supply: a reflects the amounts that producers will want to offer at each price in a series of prices b is reflected in a downsloping supply curve c was enacted by Congress to force businesses to produce goods that society wants d reflects the income and substitution effects of a price change 12 At the equilibrium price: a quantity supplied may exceed quantity demanded or vice versa b there are no pressures on price to either rise or fall c there are forces that cause price to rise d there are forces that cause price to fall 13 One can say with certainty that equilibrium quantity of chocolate bought and sold will increase when: a supply and demand both decrease b supply increases and demand decreases c the price of the ice cream to go with them will go up d supply and demand both increase 14 What economists mean when they state that a good is scarce? a There is a shortage or insufficient supply of the good at the existing price b It is impossible to expand the availability of the good c People will want to buy more of the good regardless of price d The amount of the good that people would like to have exceeds the supply that is freely available from nature 15 15 As income increased 10%, the sales of product X were up to 5% and other things constant It is said that product X is … a inferior products b luxury goods c necessary products d normal goods 16 This shifts the supply curve for product X because … a the price of product X is adjusted b the consumers’ income is changed c the tax policy is also changed d the price of substitute goods is changeable 17 Economics is the social science subject that focuses on the ways to …… a manage profitable businesses b avoid the problem of scarcity for many different purposes and competitions c create personal fortunes on the stock market d allocate scarce resources for many different purposes 18 Which of the macroeconomics? following sentences belongs to a Unemployment rate is very high in many countries b The Vietnam’s GDP during 1991 – 1997 is about 8.5% c The American inflation rate between 1993 and 1997 is below 15% d all are correct 16 19 Microeconomics studies a the behavior of economic units in various kinds of economic markets b the activities throughout the economy c the behavior of customers to maximize their needs d the general price level of a country 20 Positive economics focuses on a describe and explain the events, economic issues on the objective viewpoint b give instructions or the subjective viewpoint of the individuals c explain the behavior of economic units in various kinds of economic markets d all are wrong 21 Which of the microeconomics? following sentences belongs to a the Vietnam’s unemployment rate is high now b the economic profits is the power to attract new enterprises to come into the industry c the government’s fiscal and monetary policy is the tools to manage the economy d the Vietnam’s inflation rate in 1996 was not exceeding at a two-digit level 17 22 Which of the following matters belongs to normative economics? a The Vietnam’s GDP growth in 2003 was 7.24% b The Vietnam’s inflation rate in 2003 was 3% c The world’s oil price rose threefolds between 1973 and 1974 d Pharmacies must be free for the elderly and children 23 The analysis tool used to highlight the differences between the two kinds of goods that an economy can produce when a country uses its resources effectively a the production possibility frontier b the demand curve c the scatter diagram d the GNP 24 Which of the economic concepts can’t be explained by the PPF? a opportunity cost b supply and demand c increasing the opportunity cost d scarcity 25.What is excess supply? a Excess supply exists when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded at the ruling price b Excess supply exists when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied at the ruling price c Excess supply exists when the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded at the ruling price d none of the above is correct 18 26 The price ceiling always leads to … a excess supply b excess demand c market equilibrium price d all is correct 27 The following diagram shows … a the demand is inelastic b the price is low, the demand is inelastic c the demand is elastic d the price is low, the demand is elastic 28 The price elasticity of demand is determined by the equation: a (ΔQ/P) / (ΔP/Q) b (ΔQ/ΔP) x (P/Q) c (ΔQ/P) – (ΔP/Q) d (ΔQ/P) + (ΔP/Q) 29 The price elasticity of demand is determined by … a the percentage change in the quantity of goods demanded divided by the percentage change in customers’ income 19 b the percentage change in the quantity of goods demanded divided by the corresponding percentage change in its price c the percentage change in goods price divided by the corresponding percentage change in the quantity of goods demanded d the change in the quantity of goods demanded divided by the change in its price 30 If the percentage change in goods price is higher than the percentage change in the quantity of goods demanded, it is said the demand is… a completely elastic c fully inelastic b elasticity of demand > -1 d elasticity of demand < -1 31 Which of the following constitute the fundamental questions every economic system must answer? I What goods and services will be produced? II How will they be produced? III When will they be produced? IV For whom will they be produced? V Where will they be produced? a I, III and V only d II, IV and V only b I, II and IV only e II, III and IV only c I, II and V only 20 32 Labor, human capital, entrepreneurship, natural resources and capital are all examples of which of the followings? a Public goods b Inferior goods c Factors of production d Outputs e Substitutes in production 33 In the following figure, consumer surplus is represented by the area: a OACE b BCD c ACD d ABC e BCEO 21 34 The table below provides the total number of workers and the resulting total output of Gyros Unlimited per hour, holding all other inputs constant Which of the following statements can be made with certainly based on the available information? Number of workers Total Gyros per hour 10 17 22 25 a The firm faces decreasing returns to scale b Diminishing returns begin when the second worker is hired c The firm faces increasing returns to scale d The firm should not hire five workers e Diminishing returns begin when the fourth worker is hired 35 What are the effects on the supply and demand curves Demand curve Supply curve a Shifts right Shifts right b No change Shifts left c No change Shifts right d Shifts left Shifts right e Shifts right Shifts left 22 36 Which of the following will shift the supply curve for textbooks to the left? a A decrease in the demand for a substitute in production b A decrease in the number of buyers c An increase in printing costs d both B and C 37 The simplified PPFs for countries A and B appear in the figures below Both countries have the same resources to work with Which of the following statements is correct? a Country A has a comparative advantage in both goods b Country A has a comparative advantage in chairs, and country B has a comparative advantage in shirts c Country B has an absolute advantage in shirts d Country A has a comparative advantage in shirts, and country B has a comparative advantage in chairs e Country A has an absolute disadvantage in chairs 23 38 The price elasticity of demand is determined by … a the percentage change in the quantity of goods demand divided by the percentage change in income b the percentage change in the quantity of goods demand divided by the corresponding change in its price c the percentage change in price divided by the percentage change in the quantity demanded d the change in the quantity demanded divided by the change in the price 39 At the current price there is a shortage of a product We would expect price to: a increase, quantity demanded to increase, and quantity supplied to decrease b increase, quantity demanded to decrease, and quantity supplied to increase a increase, quantity demanded to increase, and quantity supplied to increase b decrease, quantity demanded to increase, and quantity supplied to decrease 40 The price elasticity of demand for the air conditioner is -2, it means that … a the price is 10% increase, the demand is 20% increase b the price is 20% decrease, the supply is 10% increase c the price is 10% decrease, the demand is 20% decrease d the price is 10%, the demand is 20% decrease 24 PART II PRACTICE The demand and supply schedules for goods X are: Price (£) Quantity demanded Quantity supplied a Plot the demand curve and supply curve b What is the equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity? c What would be the excess demand or supply if the price were: (i) £2? (ii) £6? d Describe the price movements induced by positions (i) and (ii) 25 ANSWER KEY Part I Each question is 0.2 mark = 8m C C B C D B C D C 10 D 11 A 12 B 13 D 14 D 15 C 16 C 17 D 18 D 19 A 20 A 21 B 22 D 23 A 24 B 25 A 26 B 27 C 28 B 29 B 30 D 31 B 32 C 33 D 34 E 35 A 36 D 37 B 38 B 39 B 40 D Part II Each question is 0.5 mark = 2m b equilibrium price: £4 and equilibrium quantity: 60 c excess demand: 80; excess supply: 80 d (i): price increase; (ii): price decrease 26 MỤC LỤC Phần CÁC NỘI DUNG TRỌNG TÂM Phần CÁCH THỨC ÔN TẬP Phần HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI KIỂM TRA Phần ĐỀ THI MẪU VÀ ĐÁP ÁN 11 27 28 ... liệu nhằm hỗ trợ cho học vi n hình thức giáo dục từ xa nắm vững nội dung ôn tập làm kiểm tra hết môn hiệu Tài liệu cần sử dụng với tài liệu học tập môn học giảng giảng vi n ôn tập tập trung theo... explain the events, economic issues on the objective viewpoint b give instructions or the subjective viewpoint of the individuals c explain the behavior of economic units in various kinds of economic... dung trọng tâm môn học Bao gồm nội dung trọng tâm môn học xác định dựa mục tiêu học tập, nghĩa kiến thức kỹ cốt lõi mà người học cần có hồn thành mơn học  Phần 2: Cách thức ôn tập Mô tả cách thức