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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONG MAI UNIVERSITY - NGUYEN THI THANH HUYEN STATE MANAGEMENT ON MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES OF VIETNAM Major: Economic management Code: 62.34.04.10 SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Ha Noi- 2019 The thesis is completed at Thuong Mai University Academic supervisor: Supervisor 1: PhD Pham Xuan Hau Supervisor 2: Assoc Prof., PhD Hoang Xuan Thanh Refree 1: ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… Refree 2: ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… Refree 3: ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… The thesis will be defended in front of the university’s of thesis evaluation committee at:……………………………… The thesis can be found at: - National Library - Thuong Mai University’s Library INTRODUCTION The urgency of the dissertation’s theme Sea and islands are a sacred territory, strategically located, playing an important role in the construction and defense of the country Our Party and State pay special attention to the protection and management to develop the economy of the sea and islands After 10 years of implementing the th X Central Resolution on Vietnam Marine Strategy to 2020, the awareness of the entire political system, people and people abroad about the position and role of the sea and islands for economic development, national sovereignty protection has been significantly improved Sovereignty and national security on the sea are maintained; basic maritime search and rescue work is guaranteed; Foreign affairs and international cooperation on sea are actively and comprehensively implemented Marine economy, coastal areas and coastal areas are becoming the driving force of the country; infrastructure system is interested in investing; The material and spiritual life of the coastal people improved Scientific research, basic surveys, development of marine human resources have achieved many positive results The management, exploitation, use, protection of marine environment resources, response to climate change and sea level rise are focused The system of policies, laws, state management apparatus on sea and islands has been gradually improved and brought into effect and efficiency In the new context of the situation of countries in the region, the marine economy is influenced by external factors, the influence of the countries related to the sea Therefore, in order to develop the sea economy, state management must be considered as the most important factor, pioneering to support and promote other factors to participate in marine economic development Therefore, the task of state management on marine economic development is a strategic task in developing marine economy in particular and economic development in general State management on marine economic development is an indispensable element at the national level and in localities, especially in coastal areas North Central region includes coastal provinces: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue With a length of over 670 km of coastline, abundant natural resources for socio-economic development of the region, notably the advantages of geographical location, mineral resources and human resources The sea has brought great advantages to the North Central region from the development of maritime economy, marine exploitation, marine tourism and development of coastal economic zones The marine economy always accounts for a large proportion in the economic development of the Region From the theoretical issues, practical state management on marine economic development that the provinces have achieved, the shortcomings still exist to find suitable solutions to improve state management on distribution To develop marine economy in the North Central provinces, thereby boosting the marine economy to develop This requires scientific research, understanding the state management model on marine economic development in the provinces, the content of state management decentralization on marine economic development for The provincial government clarifies the strengths to promote and weaken to overcome, thereby rationalizing the solutions to build and perfect the state management of marine economy in the North Central Vietnam provinces, in order to contributing to the development of the marine economy for a sea-rich area From the above reasons, the candidate selected the topic "State management on marine economic development in the North Central provinces of Vietnam" as a doctoral thesis topic Overview of works relating to the thesis 2.1 Research on marine economic development in general 2.2 State management research on marine economic development 2.3 Research on state management of marine economic development in some localities and regions 2.4 Conclusion and research gaps Through an overview of some published research works related to the thesis topic, some following conclusions can be summarized: Firstly, the above projects have systematized the concepts related to "marine economy" such as: the concept of marine economy, marine economic development, the content of marine economic development of an area (including policies to develop the marine economy, the fields of marine economic development, the criteria for evaluating marine economic development and the factors affecting the marine economy) In this topic, PhD students will inherit the research results to build a theoretical basis for the thesis Secondly, the studies have evaluated some outstanding issues as follows: issues of marine economic development policies, issues of development of marine industries and issues related to fishermen and communities At the seaside Thirdly, the North Central Coast region consists of coastal provinces and has strategic geographic advantages, both uniqueness of natural conditions and natural resources, and coastal areas to ensure the maritime economy here sustainable growth and blue growth However, so far the position and potential of the North Central region have not been exploited and used effectively and sustainably, not commensurate with the inherent advantages Recently, there have been many studies on marine economic development in general, but often mentioned separately a specific province such as marine economic development in Thanh Hoa, marine economic development in Nghe An, or refers to a specialized field such as central coastal coastal tourism, or a topic on coastal aquaculture; lack of overall complexity - management, planning or strategy of marine economic development under interdisciplinary, interregional and inter-level views for the whole North Central region However, the results of this study have provided some data, suggesting scientific ideas and approaches for studies that clarify the scientific arguments of the proposed solutions to developing an sustainable marine economy for the region Through the presentation of the research projects published in Vietnam and abroad, the thesis "State management on marine economic development in the North Central provinces of Vietnam" is considered a new research and the purpose and scope of research are not duplicated and meaningful in theory and practice Research objectives and tasks of the dissertation - The purpose of the thesis research: On the basis of theoretical research on state management of marine economic development, survey, analysis and assessment of the state management of marine economic development in the Northern provinces In the Central Region, the thesis proposes some solutions and recommendations to improve the state management of marine economic development of the North Central Region provinces in the time to 2025 and the following years - Research tasks: + To systematize a number of theoretical bases on provincial-level state management for marine economic development + Assessing the status of provincial state management for marine economic development in the North Central Vietnam provinces, thereby drawing assessments on their advantages, limitations and causes and this is the basis for proposals and recommendations to improve the state management of marine economic development in the Northern Central Region provinces + Proposing a number of solutions and proposing to improve the state management at the provincial level for marine economic development in the North Central Vietnam provinces in the time to 2025 and the followwing years Object and research scope - The research object of the thesis is theoretical and practical issues on the state management at the provincial level for marine economic development - Research scope: + About the content: The topic approaches the state management on marine economic development in a locality + Research space: coastal and coastal areas of provinces: Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue + About time: Information and data for research were collected from 2013 to 2017 The solutions were applied to the time until 2025 and the following years Expected research outcomes - To systematize the theoretical basis of state management of marine economic development in terms of policies associated with the characteristics and practical conditions of localities in the economic region - Clarify the strengths and weaknesses of the current status of marine economic development policies in the North Central Region region and point out the causes of such limitations - Proposing orientations and solutions to complete the state management of marine economic development in the North Central region to 2025 and subsequent years Research methods The main approach is from the action of provincial governments based on policies to develop marine economy Analytical framework based on the theory of state management of marine economic development Regarding data collection methods: including secondary data and primary data Secondary data are legal documents, decrees of the Government and the State and documents such as statistical reports, provincial reports Primary data surveyed from 200 enterprises in three areas are fisheries, tourism and sea transport and 100 state management officials on marine economic development About data processing methods: Methods of analysis - comparison based on official data of the agencies of the provinces, research results shown in the published scientific works to compare results and situation State management of marine economy in the North Central region in different periods, comparing state management of marine economy in the North Central region with other regions in the country With the number of votes collected after the survey, the author synthesizes the results by excel CHAPTER THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASES FOR STATE MANAGEMENT ON MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT 1.1 Introduction to marine economic and state management on marine economic development 1.1.1 Concept, characteristics, role and scope of marine economy 1.1.1.1 Definition of marine economic Marine economy is a practical concept, including economic activities taking place on the sea and activities taking place on land but directly related to marine resource exploitation and use 1.1.1.2 Definition of marine economic development Marine economic development is a growth in all areas of that region, it includes the economic growth of sectors (sectors) in the marine economy and at the same time the structural, physical quality, environmental quality and sustainable development of the region 1.1.1.3 Marine economic characteristics First, production activities are always associated with exploitation of marine resources Secondly, production activities in the marine economy depend on natural conditions, the biological cycle and the location of the maritime space Third, production activities in the marine economy have uncertainty and high risks This feature is an inherent feature of the sea People cannot conquer the sea and other natural conditions Therefore, marine activities always have certain risks that cannot be predicted Fourth, marine economy is associated with environmental protection and marine resources The different components of the sea are closely linked Therefore, when marine ecological damage occurs, it is possible to cause a rapid impact chain and cause large-scale consequences Fifth, marine economy is associated with national territorial sovereignty The 1982 Law of the Sea Convention comprehensively defined the legal status of sovereignty waters and the sovereignty rights of coastal states with waters such as internal waters, territorial waters, exclusive economic zones and shelf 1.1.1.4 Roles of the marine economy Marine economy is an important part of the economic structure of the national economy, a driving force for socio-economic development of the locality and the nation; Marine economic development will manage, exploit, use and protect marine environmental resources; Marine economy creates stable jobs, improves living standards for people in coastal areas; Marine economic management contributes to ensuring national security and maintaining national sovereignty 1.1.1.5 Scopes of the marine economy In marine economy studies, the scope of marine economic sectors varies considerably between countries The number of selected industries can range from in the United States to 33 in Japan Some sectors may not be included in the maritime economic category in this country, but in other countries it is considered a sector of the marine economy Furthermore, there are significant differences between countries in the use of categories and categories So far, there is no agreement on the definition and statistical terms for the activities on the sea in the world 1.1.2 Concepts, characteristics, roles and principles of state management on marine economic development 1.1.2.1 Definition of state management on marine economic development State management of marine economy is the activity of managing marine resources and economic activities decentralized by many law enforcement agencies This will ensure that marine economic activities take place in accordance with the law and bring maximum benefits to local and national 1.1.2.2 The characteristics of state management on marine economic development Firstly, state management of marine economy is associated with exploitation and protection of marine resources Second, production activities in marine economic sectors depend on natural conditions, biological cycles and location of the maritime space Thirdly, the marine economy has uncertainty and high risk that leads to more complicated state management Fourth, the sea is associated with the country's foreign policy, especially in terms of cooperation and competition in exploiting benefits from the common sea 1.1.2.3 The role of state management on marine economic development Create a favorable legal framework and environment for the marine economy to develop; Management for sustainable exploitation of marine resources; Promote the development of marine economic sectors; Contribute to national territory protection 1.1.2.4 Principles of state management of marine economic development at the provincial level 1.2 Contents of state management on marine economic development in a province 1.2.1 Developing strategies, planning and plans for marine economic development in the area Planning and monitoring the implementation of the provincial plan on marine economy Participating with ministries in zoning areas to develop marine economic sectors; build programs and projects of the industry in the province; organize and check the implementation of the tasks under the assigned project program The People's Committee develops a plan to implement the marine socio-economic development program until 2025, issues a decision approving the socio-economic development master plan for the coastal area in the period to 2030, vision to year 2035 1.2.2 Organizational structure and human resources in a province on marine economy The Government unified state management of marine economy throughout the country Ministries, People's Committees of provinces and cities must implement state management of marine economy within their scope The provincial marine economic management is managed by the provincial people's committee The People's Committee assigns departments: resources environment, agriculture - rural development, transport, construction management by sector related to marine economy Another agency is responsible for general and integrated management of the sea and islands called the sea and island branches This department is responsible for advising the People's Committee on issues related to the sea and islands 1.2.4 Develop and organize the implementation of marine economic development policies in the province Propagating the Party's policy, the laws, policies of the Government on state management for marine economic development Concretize the Party's views on the Marine Strategy to 2020 under the Central Resolution (Term X); Decree No 36 / NQ-TW of the Central Executive Committee (XII course) on Vietnam's marine economic development strategy to 2030, vision to 2045 Focus on developing sectors with strengths: seaports, tourism , service; aquaculture and fishing; coastal economic zone To manage the marine economy, well exploit and effectively use the central support mechanisms for investment in developing marine economic infrastructure such as industrial land, water supply and drainage systems, electricity, roads, schools and stations in coastal localities Researching and applying investment incentive mechanisms in localities Developing high quality human resources to serve the province's marine economic management To attach importance to raising the quality of vocational training along the direction of achieving qualifications and quickly integrating into the international level 1.2.5 Inspect, supervise and handle disputes in the marine economy Inspection, control, supervision, prevention and treatment of pollution, marine environmental incidents through the construction of monitoring, monitoring and coordination systems with coastal localities, detection, warning and communication timely report on unusual developments of nature and marine environmental incidents, activities causing environmental degradation to promptly prevent and handle Monitor and inspect the implementation of approved programs and projects; supervise and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of development investment capital of investment programs and projects in the assigned areas and coordinate with the departments in reporting the investment supervision and 11 In recent years, all localities have oriented to develop urban areas of each province to become centers to go to the sea, develop economic zones and marine tourism of the central coastal strip, in which: a) Marine urban areas: To build and develop coastal cities and towns in each province to become sea-going centers of each province such as Ha Tinh city together with Hong Linh town of Ha Tinh; Dong Hoi city together with Hon La EZ of Quang Binh; Dong Ha is connected to the economic space of Cua Viet port of Quang Tri; Hue city becomes Festival city, tourist city, cultural and economic center of the region; international trade, service and transaction center, the region's high quality multi-disciplinary science, training and health center b) Coastal economic zone: Nghi Son EZ, Vung Ang EZ, Chan May- Lang Co EZ, Southeast Nghe An EZ, Hon La EZ c) Coastal tourism Based on the distribution of natural resources, marine tourism space in the North Central provinces is divided into 02 tourism sub-regions: Northern tourism sub-region: Thanh Hoa to Ha Tinh Sub-region South North Central: from Quang Binh to Thua Thien – Hue 2.2.2 Regarding the apparatus and state management officials on the sea and islands in the locality For agencies managing marine resources exploitation by sector: in a province, the highest management agency on marine economic development and marine resource exploitation is the coastal People's Committee with the help of a number of departments and agencies related such as: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Department of Planning and Investment, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Department of Transport, Department of Construction For the general management agency on marine resource exploitation: In Decree No 25/2008 / ND-CP dated April 3, 2008 of the Government defining functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; The Government has assigned the Ministry of State a comprehensive and unified management of the sea and islands, in conjunction with the Vietnam General Department of Sea and Islands as a focal point 2.2.4 Develop and organize the implementation of marine economic development policies in the Northern Central Provinces 12 2.2.4.1 Regarding the current status of propaganda of the Party's policy and the laws of the state and concretizing the views of the Party and the State and promulgating the law on marine economy in the North Central Provinces Being aware of the importance of the sea and islands for the cause of national construction and defense, in the past years, the propagation of the sea and islands in the localities has been approved by the party committees, authorities, departments and branches , the organizations are interested in actively implementing, quite comprehensively Regarding propaganda content mainly on the following issues: Firstly, disseminate and disseminate the Party's guidelines and policies and the State's policies and laws on issues related to Vietnam's sea and islands Secondly, to propagate the Resolution of the 8th Party Central Committee Meeting (Session XII) on the Vietnam Sustainable Marine Economic Strategy to 2030, with a vision to 2045 Third, propaganda on sustainable development of sea, islands and marine economic sectors aims to attract more investment resources, strengthen national economic potentials and protect maritime and island sovereignty Fourthly, propaganda about the post-military policies; encouraging, encouraging officials, soldiers, people, security forces, sovereignty over sea and islands; encouraging the people to settle permanently and permanently on the island, doing long-term business at sea; propagating and fostering the love and sense of responsibility of the people of all strata for the sacred sea and islands of the Fatherland Fifth, propagating international cooperation activities on the sea, islands, results of scientific research, climate change and Vietnam's commitments and actions on climate change phenomenon; on activities of effective coordination between Vietnamese agencies, units and organizations in the management, protection, exploitation and development of marine resources and environment; on finding, rescuing, rescuing and protecting security, order and safety in coastal areas and in the waters under Vietnam's sovereignty, sovereignty and jurisdiction Friday, focusing on propaganda and foreign information 2.2.4.2 Preferential investment policies for North Central Provinces To support the attraction of investment capital (especially FDI) into the North Central region, the central management levels have issued many policies 13 such as Resolution No 39-NQ / TW, of the IXth Politburo on socio-economic development and ensuring national defense and security in the North Central and Central Coast regions by 2010; Decision No 158/2007 / QD-TTg dated October 9, 2007 of the Prime Minister "Approving the Integrated Management Program of the coastal strip in the North Central and Central Coast regions by 2010 and orientation by 2020 " The planning of development and investment attraction in the North Central region of the Government is mainly placed in the general planning of the whole North Central region and Central Coast The Government also issued decisions on socio-economic development planning in the North Central region towards building targets for each sub-region: the Central key economic region, including Thua Thien Hue province; North Central region (Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh and Quang Tri); Western mountainous areas of provinces and cities in the region The planning of economic zones development is associated with the economic restructuring of each locality 2.2.4.3 Investment policy for coastal infrastructure development Based on the master plan for development of industrial parks, export processing zones, high-tech zones and economic zones approved by the Government, ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial-level People's Committees shall plan and organize the construction of systems technical infrastructure and social infrastructure outside the fence of industrial zones, export processing zones, high-tech zones and economic zones under the scope of management For a number of localities with difficult and particularly difficult socio-economic areas, the State shall provide partial support to the locality to work together with investors to develop the infrastructure system in the fence area industrial and export processing zones according to the Government's regulations The State allocates capital from the budget and preferential credit to support the development of technical and social infrastructure systems in hightech zones and economic zones and some methods of mobilization capital mobilization for the development of infrastructure of high-tech parks and economic zones 2.2.4.4 Policy of applying science and technology to marine economic development The policy of marine science and technology development is within the overall scope of the country's science and technology policy With harsh natural 14 conditions, limited resources, scientific and technological development is one of the key factors to motivate the development of all socio-economic life in the seas and coastal areas In recent years, all localities have implemented many policies to develop science and technology on the sea and islands Although the achieved results are still limited, it initially creates a foundation to promote marine science and technology development with some remarkable results 2.2.4.5 Human resource development policy The North Central region has more than 10.6 million people with more than 6.3 million people of working age In particular, the proportion of workers with secondary school diploma or higher accounted for 48.3%, the proportion of trained workers was 22.75%, and technical workers had 16.65% The labor force accounts for about 12% of the whole country (Red River Delta is 27.6%, South East is 33%) Labor structure in industry - construction in 2016 is 25.6%, agriculture, forestry and fishery is 46.1% and service is 28.3% To ensure the development of human resources, all localities have many solutions to issue general policies; planning to develop regional training and vocational training network; inter-regional cooperation and international cooperation on human resource training Accordingly, a number of policies issued in localities are: regimes and policies on salaries, allowances and other incentives to attract talents and technical workers from other regions to work and work Long term work in the North Central Provinces Training and retraining of civil servants to meet the requirements and tasks of industrialization, modernization and international economic integration There are policies and measures to strongly develop human resources for science and technology In addition, localities have prioritized the establishment of high-level formal vocational schools in economic zones; Expand the network of vocational training institutions to districts Building a number of high-tech vocational colleges; Promote shortterm vocational training for workers, replicate vocational training models according to market demand 2.2.5 On the status of checking and controlling the implementation of planning and implementation of policies related to marine economic development in the locality 2.2.5.1 Status of building feedback system The implementation of planning or provincial government policies is a long, continuous and complex process that requires state agencies in the 15 province to regularly capture information to have impacts on adapted to the actual situation And in the provinces, the feedback system is used through reports on the implementation of the monthly, quarterly and annual marine economic development policies of departments and agencies The Steering Committee and the standing body of the Steering Committee hold regular meetings once a quarter to review and evaluate the implementation situation At the same time, it also requires professional agencies such as: Inspectorate of Department of Finance, Inspectorate of People's Committees of districts, towns and provincial State Inspectorate to inspect the use of funding sources in dynamic time; Specialized inspectors of agriculture and rural development have inspected the implementation of the content, schedule and funding periodically once a year; reflections of press agencies; through reflecting recommendations, organizations, businesses or monitoring reports of the Provincial People's Council 2.2.5.2 Situation of monitoring and evaluation of policy implementation The implementation of policies to develop marine economic industries requires the evaluation and acceptance, regular monitoring; The policy enforcement control of the provincial government is carried out by different agencies Control subjects are the Provincial People's Council; Provincial People's Committees, Steering Committees, Standing Bodies of the Steering Committee, State Inspectorate, departments, branches, organizations and enterprises themselves Control tools and forms: directing and operating documents, resolutions, reports on the province to implement the policy of the standing body of the Steering Committee, departments, branches 2.2.5.3 Giving initiatives to adjust, improve and innovate In the process of assessing the implementation of policies, it is necessary to develop initiatives for adjusting, improving and renewing policies Initiatives can be given to policy makers or policy enforcement agencies In addition to proposing adjustments and supplements to support mechanisms and policies, revise the contents of that policy Every year, based on the results of implementation organization, difficulties and difficulties from organizations and enterprises, the provincial People's Committee will adjust, improve and renew the contents according to its authority to implement policies to suit the practical conditions of the province 16 2.3 Overall assessment of the state management of marine economic development in the North Central Provinces in the period of 2013-2017 2.3.1 Achievements and causes Firstly, the results achieved in the strategy and planning of marine economic development Secondly, the achieved results on the policy of marine economic development Thirdly, the results achieved on the organization of the management of marine economic development Fourth, the results of the annual growth of marine industries and sectors Fifthly, the results of the production scale change in the whole region Achieving the above results is due to the following reasons: Firstly, in recent years, the country has been focusing strongly on not only reforming administrative procedures, reforming the state apparatus but also introducing many mechanisms and policies (economic restructuring policy; policy of renovating growth models, improving the quality of growth, labor productivity and competitiveness of the economy, policies to develop high-tech agricultural areas ) Secondly, international integration in general and world economic integration in particular is a strong way to bring opportunities for the provinces and the whole region to access advanced scientific and technical achievements and production technologies applied to production and processing to improve quality, lower product costs, attract investment capital for socio-economic infrastructure and production and business development Third, the promotion of industry 4.0 based on digitalization and connectivity is the world's trend, along with the strong direction of the Government in building e-government and developing the strategy of industrial revolution 4.0 will create many advantages for the provinces in implementing administrative reforms, publicity and transparency of state agencies' activities Fourthly, the North Central Coast has a long coastline and a deep-water port, so it is very convenient for marine economic development (seaport, fishing ) Fifth, the North Central Coast has a beautiful coastline and is one of the tourist centers attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, the coastal tourism sites play an important role, leading to great demand about sea resort products 17 Sixth, the North Central Region has the advantage of good general education The common labor force of Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Thanh Hoa, Quang Binh, Quang Tri and Hue are quite abundant and are willing to work for new construction factories Seventh, Provincial Governments have made certain innovations in thinking and approach to managing the economy in order to create a favorable business environment for businesses and people 2.3.2 Limitations and reasons In addition to the achieved results, marine economic development in the North Central Region has the following limitations: Firstly, the possibility of regional links among the local authorities in the province is still inadequate Secondly, there are many restrictions on people's awareness of marine resources exploitation and resource protection and conservation Thirdly, there are many limitations on training high quality human resources to serve marine economic development The cause of the limitations - Some objective causes: causes of geographical location and natural conditions; international political environment; ocean and ocean science and technology development level - Some subjective causes: Some causes of the quality of human resources of state management officials on islands and islands in the locality; Two is the way to exploit marine resources of fishermen; The third is the limitation of international cooperation in marine economic development CHAPTER RECOMMENDING SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE STATE MANAGEMENT ON MARINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCES OF VIETNAM 3.1 Influencing factors, views and directions of state management of marine economic development in the North Central provinces 3.1.1 Domestic and foreign factors affecting the development of marine economy in the North Central provinces International context: From mid-2018, the global economy has been volatile US-China trade tensions boomed in the second half of 2018, upsetting 18 the global economic landscape In 2019, due to the impact of precarious recovery and a recession on the global scale, the economic recovery momentum of the market of developed countries may be reduced In the long term, the world still has many unpredictable and unexpected factors due to some of the following characteristics, directly affecting the development of marine economic sectors: - Conflict of power in any form among great powers, especially in competing for influence and occupying strategic resources - Water, food and energy increasingly play a decisive role in the development of the world in general and each economy in particular - Climate change has been and continues to be the biggest challenge for humanity in the next few decades because of its unpredictable consequences Meanwhile, technology can only be part of the key to salvation if countries not change the way of development The most affected by climate change is usually the country adjacent to the sea, including Vietnam Domestic context: After 10 years of implementing Resolution No 09 NQ / TW, on October 22, 2018, at the 8th Conference (XIIth Session), the Party Central Committee adopted Resolution No 36 - NQ / TW on "Sustainable development strategy of Vietnam's marine economy to 2030, with a vision to 2045" (hereinafter referred to as 2030 marine strategy) The major policy of the 2030 marine strategy is to develop successfully, breakthroughs in marine economic sectors in the order of priority are: (1) Tourism and marine services; (2) Maritime economy; (3) Exploiting oil and gas and other marine mineral resources; (4) Cultivating and exploiting seafood; (5) Renewable energy and new marine economic sectors Besides, Vietnam is emerging as a favorite destination as multinational companies are seeking to change their supply and shift strategy from China Recent macro data shows that Vietnam is benefiting greatly from this change Specifically, FDI in the first months of 2019 in Vietnam set a new record is a clearest example Total newly registered and adjusted capital investment reached 7.45 billion USD, up 29% over the same period last year Experts all said that FDI in Vietnam will still increase strongly and support GDP growth in 2019 3.1.2 State management viewpoints and directions on the development of marine economy in the North Central provinces 19 Objectives and orientations of socio-economic development of the North Central Region Region development objectives: To build the North Central region into a dynamic, fast and sustainable development area, an important bridge for the whole country in exchange of international cooperation; to maintain political stability and social order and safety, develop marine economy in association with ensuring national defense and security, protecting the country's sovereignty over the sea and islands Social, environmental, security and defense objectives: Ensuring the fulfillment of social objectives, environmental protection, defense and security assurance Closely linking socio-economic development, especially the sea and island economy with the national and island sovereignty and sovereignty rights over the sea Orientations for development of marine economic sectors in Northern Central Vietnam provinces - First, for the tourism and marine services sector: Pay attention to investment in tourism infrastructure; encourage and create conditions for economic sectors to participate in developing eco-tourism, scientific exploration, community tourism, high-quality sea resorts in coastal areas - Secondly, for the maritime economy: The focus is on effective exploitation of seaports and sea transport services To plan, build and organize synchronously and effectively exploitation of general seaports, international transit ports and specialized ports associated with support services; building complete logistics infrastructure and roads, connecting sea ports with regions, regions and localities in the country and internationally - Thirdly, cultivating and exploiting seafood: Shifting from farming, exploiting seafood by traditional to industrial and high-tech applications - Fourthly, the coastal industry: Must be based on planning, considering the advantages of natural conditions of each region, prioritizing the development of environmentally-friendly high-tech and industrial industries platform, source technology - Fifth, renewable energy and new marine economic sectors: Promoting investment in construction, exploitation of wind power, solar power and other forms of renewable energy 20 3.2 Some solutions for state management on marine economic development in the North Central Provinces of Vietnam 3.2.1 Review, adjust and supplement planning; complete mechanisms and policies in the period 2020-2025 Review and evaluate carefully the impact and effectiveness of each provincial policy issued in the period of 2015-2020; On that basis, it is urgently building a system of mechanisms and policies for the period 2020-2025, ensuring focus, synchronization, focus, focus and efficiency, focusing on areas that need to be be encouraged to develop and create a driving force for socioeconomic development, especially prioritizing policies on agricultural and rural development and building new rural areas; At the same time, it is suitable with the ability to balance and mobilize resources in new conditions and situations, to avoid spreading to the implementation of feasible mechanisms and policies that are feasible and achieve the highest results 3.2.2 Promote administrative reform; improve business investment environment, promote business development, increase investment attraction; to maximize mobilization and effective use of resources for development investment Continuing to comprehensively implement the contents of the Public Administration Reform Program to create strong, effective and effective changes in operating and implementing the assigned tasks Simultaneously implementing measures to promote administrative procedure reform, especially administrative procedures related to people and businesses Review, update, adjust and supplement the list of projects calling for investment in accordance with the provincial development planning; continue to innovate both in terms of content and form of investment promotion in specific and detailed directions for each project and each investor 3.2.3 Strengthen state management in all areas related to marine economy - Fields of natural resources and environment: Strictly control environmental protection when evaluating investment projects and the entire operation process of the project, including the construction, construction and operation stages experiment - Continue to improve the effectiveness of investment and construction management: Strengthen and improve the quality and efficiency of investment supervision and evaluation, to promptly detect and correct errors in the head private, construction 21 3.2.4 Improving the quality of human resources for economic development in the North Central Provinces of Vietnam Develop policies to support vocational training for farmers, young people and organize the implementation in a clear and transparent manner Encourage local businesses to use on-the-spot labor in the form of supporting vocational training enterprises for their new recruits Developing the labor market connecting provinces to use rational human resources in terms of scale, quality and structure of qualifications and professions, actively train employees to catch the trend of investment shift from China and other countries in the ASEAN Economic Community are closely linked to the region's socio-economic development requirements under the approved Planning Paying attention to regular and regular inspection and supervision of human resources training and development On that basis, draw and draw experiences and promptly promulgate policies suitable to regional socioeconomic development objectives and meet the investment attraction requirements in each period of attaching importance to checking and Regular and regular monitoring in human resource training and development 3.2.5 Increase regional links between localities in the North Central Region Based on the central regulations, provinces should discuss and agree on a number of mechanisms and solutions to attract investment for the whole region, taking into account the comparative advantages and strengths of each province; The goal is to create a favorable environment for localities to have the opportunity to maximize their strengths, with support and supplement for each other in the development process Regional links to exploit potential tourism markets are Laos and Northeast Thailand Limiting the spread of investment in seaports in all provinces in the region Instead of spreading investment into ports, the provinces should invest in the logicalstic chain system very well, the transport system into new seaports is a road, no other transport systems (such as railways) ) connect 3.2.6 Raising awareness of coastal communities in exploiting marine resources in association with protection and conservation of natural resources Firstly, in order to aim at a sustainable fishing industry, the provinces orient the arrangement and structure of the fishing industry appropriately, 22 gradually reduce and proceed to eliminate unsustainable exploitation The effective control of fisheries will play an important role in maintaining aquatic resources and aquatic ecosystems, ensuring fisheries development effectively, safely and sustainably, contributing to improving the life of the community fellow fishermen Secondly, in addition to training sessions, improving people's knowledge about the role and importance of protecting marine resources, protecting the environment, the provinces should have new economic models to help fishermen People can both exploit coastal resources and protect marine resources Thirdly, the province should continue to support fishermen Transfer advanced mining technology, equipment for exploitation and preservation of offshore fishing products 3.2.7 Some other solutions - With the role of the highest state management agency in the locality, the People's Committee needs to have the direction, determination and drastic direction solutions, well doing the integration of investment programs and projects into the declaration harnessing the potential of sea and coastal space to increase income for workers and create prosperity for society - Arrange staff with qualifications, experience, responsibility, enthusiasm in organizing policy implementation At the same time, there should be an incentive mechanism for officials appointed to participate in implementing policies when successfully completing the assigned tasks - Develop a coordination mechanism between the Provincial People's Committee and socio-political organizations - Every year, it is necessary to review and evaluate the results achieved, the limitations of existence and absorb the opinions of small and medium enterprises on difficulties and problems in implementing policies to address make appropriate solutions 3.3 Some recommendations 3.3.1 With the government With policies to develop economic regions The State should study the model of an appropriate regional development consultancy organization The region is not an administrative unit or an administrative region, and the area is not a simple addition of administrative 23 units Therefore, to enhance the ability to coordinate activities of localities in the region, a Regional Development Advisory Council can be set up With the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - The study has specific guidance to coordinate the integration of the Ministry's programs on aquaculture programs suitable to local conditions - There is a specific mechanism to support capital for the province to support the production of key agricultural products in the province in general, to support production in coastal areas in particular, including production support for farming aquatic products - Continue to support the provinces in training and fostering knowledge about the application of new technologies in marine processing and fisheries production - Assist the province in accessing the regional market for seafood products With the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism - Promoting links with other countries in the region, fully exploiting the East-West corridor, forming tours and general tourist routes such as: Program between Vietnam - Cambodia - Laos, Vietnam road routes South - Laos Thailand to diversify products, enhance attractiveness, attract tourists from ASEAN countries and tourists from third countries to ASEAN to connect tours to Vietnam - Implementing management according to planning including: Master planning for national tourism development; tourism development planning by regions and localities; planning of general tourist areas and thematic tourist areas, to focus on attracting investment in sustainable development At the same time, before developing other industries and fields, the State needs to assess the impact on the tourism industry so that there is a choice to prioritize which sectors to develop based on the potential and advantages of each locality direction - Focus on developing the national tourism brand on the basis of regional, local, enterprise and product brands; focus on developing brands with high competitive position in the region and internationally Strengthen coordination among sectors, levels and localities to ensure uniform effect 24 CONCLUDE Implementing the policy of marine economic development of our Party and State, in the past years, the North Central region has focused on improving management capacity, and at the same time implementing many policies to encourage marine industries to develop The solutions of the thesis contribute to perfecting, improving the effectiveness and efficiency of state management on marine economic development (especially issues of strategy, planning, policies, management and inspection apparatus inspection and supervision) All of these issues have been addressed in the thesis Therefore, the thesis has completed the research task: First, the thesis has systematically and updated some theoretical issues about marine economic development, developed a theoretical framework, and pointed out the contents of state management on economic development Sea of provincial authorities Secondly, on the basis of collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the thesis has analyzed and evaluated the state management of marine economic development in localities, from there drawing on the successes and shortcomings in the state management of marine economic development in the localities Thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the domestic and foreign context, as well as the views, objectives and development directions of the province, proposing solutions to enhance the state management of marine economic development in the provinces North Central Province Through the research results, the PhD student desires to contribute a small part to the marine economic development of the North Central region under the view of state management on economic development At the same time, it is hoped that this work will meet the requirements set forth for the doctoral thesis in economics Although many efforts have been made, but the research level is still limited, the dissertation still has unexpected shortcomings Study and colleagues to complete more than half of the thesis LIST OF ARTICLES/ WORKS PUBLISHED BY THE RESEARCHER RELATING TO THE THESIS Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2019), Marine spatial planning in the development of marine economic sectors in Ha Tinh province, Journal of Industry and Trade, 7/ 2019 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen (2018), Ha Tinh sea economy and issues to develop a blue sea economy, Journal of Industry and Trade, 5/ 2018 Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen, Phan Thi Phuong Thao (2018), Women with fisheries: A study in coastal communities in Thach Kim commune, Loc Ha District, Ha Tinh Province, Journal of Economics and Forecasting, 7/ 2018 ... tourist routes such as: Program between Vietnam - Cambodia - Laos, Vietnam road routes South - Laos Thailand to diversify products, enhance attractiveness, attract tourists from ASEAN countries and... subjects are the Provincial People's Council; Provincial People's Committees, Steering Committees, Standing Bodies of the Steering Committee, State Inspectorate, departments, branches, organizations... and laws on issues related to Vietnam's sea and islands Secondly, to propagate the Resolution of the 8th Party Central Committee Meeting (Session XII) on the Vietnam Sustainable Marine Economic