@lilqinffi lt ounrl nofiooilGDIYHgc un prftmdil cilUuilr mlnr oilo DlI8 ltHi rnuuilc nfu iloc 154 | rAr LrEu aOr oudNo rHEo rEu cuuAN cHric oRHH NeuE ncHfip cAo vEN rdu HQc HAr.rG u Trong co c6u hQ thdng gi6o dgc qu6c d6n, b6c hoc Tii5u hgc gitr mQt vf tri quan trgng viQc t4o n6n tAng, tiAn d6 aO US tiiSp tqc hgc tflp, rdn luyQn, ph6t tri6n mQt c6ch todn diQn sau ndy D6i v6i gi6o dpc tiiSu hgc, cAn chir y chuAn bi cho HS nhtng co s& ban dAu nhu dgc thdng, vi6t thao, c6 ki nlng thlrc hiQn cdc bin, c6 nhirng hi6u bi6t budc dAu vC tg nhi€n vi xd hQi, de hinh vd ph6t tri6n hii hod vA tne ch6t vd tinh thAn, c6 dugc nhtng ki6n thric vd ki n[ng co bin ntrAt AC ti6p tpc hgc THCS nhim hodn thdnh giai doan giSo dgc co bin theo tinh thAn NShi quyil tii SStZOl4/QHt3 Hoat dQng gi6o dgc ph6p tfnh sd hgc ccr (ilugc hi€u ld bao gdm nhfrng AOi mOi cdn ci hopt dOng d4y hgc vd gi6o duc) o bQc Ti6u hoc cAn c6 bin theo hu6ng tiilp c4n truydn thp ki6n thric sang ti6p cdn ph6t tri6n phAm ch6t vd ning lpc HS ^!,r^ ^.? l MQT SO MO HrNH NIIA TRUOI{G PHO THONG DAU THE Kr )Oil Bu6c sang th6 ki XXI, n6n gi6o dpc tr€n th€ gi6i tlang xu6t hi6n nhtng xu th6 l6n, nhu: - Gi6o dgc mang tinh dai chring ld mQt xu hu6ng ph6t tri6n manh m6; - TIng cuong tinh nhdn vdn gi6o dgc; - Hec tAp sudt doi vd xA hQi hqc tdp; - GiSo dqc dugc coi ld sg nghiCp qu6r gia hang ddu, ph6t tri6n m4nh mE xd hQi ho6 gi6o dqc, thu hgp Uat Uinfr d6ng gi6o duc; - Ch6t luqng gi6o dpc tpp trung huong vho "ph6t tri6n ngudi", "ph(rt tri6n ngudn nhAn lpc", hinh thdnh nhfrng n[ng lqc co - Sri mAng m6i cira nguli thAy thay ddi co bin mi xd hQi ddi h6i phii c6; bin, quan h0 m6i gita d4y vd hgc dang xu6t hi6n Qu6 trinh day hoc chuy6n tir tpp trung chri cria GV sang trgng tdm hufng vdo ho4t dQng hoc ctla HS; y d6n hoat dQng dpy YOu cAu dOi m6i mAnh me QLGD ddi h6i m6t vdn ho6 quin l(, vdn ho6 tg quin, tg chiu tr6ch nhiQm, v6n ho6 dttnh gii1' - Xu hudng tQn dpng, 6p dr,rng rQng r6i vd sdng t4o cdng nghe th6ng tin tpo su canh tdn gi6o dUc hiQu qu6; @huuin (fr'5 Quan li hoat d6ng day hoc vi phat tridn CTGD nhir trfdng tidu hoc I - HC l5S th6ng gi6 tri, thang gi6 tri,thudc girl tri, dinh hu6ng gi6 tridang ld v6n dc duqc c6c nhd khoa hoc, c5c nhd gi6o duc h6t sric quan tam Tru6c nhiing ycu cAu m6i, ho4t clOng d4y hgc vd gi6o dgc cac nhd tnrong phO thdng c6 nhfing thay d6i dring kC ve quan dii5m, cdch thric hoat d6ng, phucrng thric, PPDH vi gi6o duc, nhun g t6rt ci dAu tap trung uu tidn cao nhft ld ndng cao ch6t luqng HS, vi su thdnh cdng ctia HS vuong qu5c Anh, singapore, Phen Lan vd mQt s6 qu5" gia kh6c dd c6 nhirng thdnh c6ng kh6 6n tuqng c5c ho4t clOng giSo dpc O nhd truong Dudi rl6y ld mdt sd m6 hinh nhd trudng ti6n ti6n 1.1 Nha trulng hiQu qui Nhirng ndm 80 cria th6 ki Xx, dd c6 nhfrng nghidn criu, t6ng krit va tritin khai thuc hi6n mO hinh Tradng hoc hi€u qud (Effective Schools) Md'hinh sri dung rQng r5i d Vuorrg qu6c Anh gOm 11 nhAn tO: 1) LAnh dao c6 tinh chuy6n nghi6p: LEnh dao t6p trung vdo nh6n t6 ngudi, quin li tlp rrung vdo hiQu qui gido dgc t6p trung vdo ph6t tri6n phAm ch6t vd ndng luc HS; 2) TAm nhin vd mpc dich dugc chia se ooi voi GV, nh6n vi€n, HS, gia dinh vd c6c b6n c6 li€n quan; 3) Mdi trumg bi6t hgc h6i: Mgi nguoi hoc h6i de ldm cho HS bitit hoc h6i; 4) su t0p trung vdo dpy hgc vd gi6o duc: o trudng, hoat dOng hoc t6p rdn luycn cria HS ld uu ti6n hdng dAu, ho4t dOng day hoc vd gi6o dpc cria GV ld y6u td hing dAu; s) Day hgc vd giSo dgc c6 cht dich, c6 mgc dich 16 rdng: T6p trung tao ldp n6n ting, phSt tri6n phAm ch6t vd n6ng lgc d6i v6i m6i HS, ho4t rlOng day hqc vd gi6o dpc lu6n gin b6 v6i thgc ti6n, l6y thuc ti6n ldm trung tAm; 6) Ki vgng cao: Kich thich sp tham gia, khich 16 dam m6, khoi dfly ti6m n[ng cria m6i HS de m6i us chri d6ng, tu tin, bi6t vuqt qua c6c cirn tr6 vd thdnh c6ng; 156 | rA 7) LEU e0 DUONG THEo rEu otuAr.t cHrlc DAIrH lrouE ruenfip eAo vEr.r ndu xgc HAr'tc n Sg t6c itQng tdng cu&ng c6 tinh tfch cuc: Huy it6ng sg tham gia, ph6i hqrp hanh dOng vd t6c elOng cfia c6c t6 chfc, crl nhdn vd c6c bcn li6n quan vAo qu6 trinh gi6o dpc HS; 8) Gi6m srit theo d6i sg ti6n b6: Theo d6i, d6nh gi6 theo qu6 trinh, khfch su ti6n b0 cria HS; e) Quy€n vd tr6ch nhiQm ctia HS dugc thuc thi: Cam k6t, t6n trqng dflc di€m c6 nhdn cria HS, bi6t tung budc hinh thdnh tr6ch nhi6m d6i vOi su lQ hqc hanh, trdch nhiQm c6 nhdn, tring budc ph5t tri6n vd hodn thi6n tr6ch nhiQm cdng d6n; l0) Quan he nhd trubng - gia dinh: Tr6ch nhiQm chinh cria viQc nudi dudng giSo dqc trd vi thdnh ni6n c14t l6n vai cha mg vd ngudi bio hQ, nhd truong c6 sri m?ng truydn tii, luu git vd phdt tritin c6c gi|tri nhdn vdrl, t6t ci vi sg phSt tri6n cta m6i HS; 11) Tflp th0 GV ld mQt t0 chfc bitft hqc h6i, thiy gi6o ld tri thric Da la trf thric thi ham hitiu bitit va thfch chia s6, hgc su6t doi vd cirng hgc h6i Hqp t6c, hgc h6i dC bitit huong d6n gS bi6t hqrp t6c vA hoc hoi f Nha trulng xudt sic Nhd trudng xudt slic (School Excellence Model truong ducr c x6y dpg - SEM) ld mQt mO hinh nhd vd tri6n khai Singapore thpp ni6n ddu thii ki XXI D6 ld sg t6ng hqp tu mQt sd m6 hinh trudng hoc hi6u qu6 cria phucrng Tdy vd thgc ti6n hopt tlQng gi6o dpc crta c6c nhi trudng o Singapore, duoc thiS hiOn qua chfn ti6u chi sau: 1) Lenh dgo vd quin li; 2) Ph6t triiSn ilQi ngfr; 3) Ldp ki5 ho4ch chitin lusc; 4) Ngudn lgc phong phir.; 5) Cdc quy trinh l6y HS ldm trung tdm; 6) Ktit qui phrit triiin dQi ngfr tdt; 7) K+St qun hopt itQng vd quin lf t6t; 8) 9) Otii tac vd k6t qui vd m4t xd h6i t6t; C6c kiSt qui ho4t clQng chinh cao M6 hinh trudng hgc xudt sic c6 bhy giltri co bin, ld nhfing ddc trung tpo n6n thdnh cdng cta mQt trudmg vd cfrng ld khing dinh mgc ti6u girip cic trudrng li6n tpc aOi mOi vi ph6t tri6n, cp th6: 1) Tit citvi HS; 2) cV - nh6n tt5 hing dAu; 3) Tii ndng lSnh dao; 4) Hd trq crta cdh€ th6ng; 5) Hqp t6c vdi b6n ngodi; 6) Quan li bing tri thric; 7) Li6n tpc sdng t4o vd AOi mOi i ,' 1.3 Nha trudng th6ng tuQ c6 cl6 in xdy d1mg 99 Nhd trudng th1rug tuQ (Smart School) vdi vigc dio t4o HS theo tinh thAn "POWER" - Sric m1nh, d6: O Malays ia dd, 1) P: Planning G6 ho4ch) HS tU v4ch k6 hopch cria minh theo sg tu v6n cria thAy; 2) O: Organizing(td chric) HS tU tO chirc thqc hiQn k6 hoach dd ra; 3) W: Working (Ldm viQc) HS thi6t k6 sg 4) lim viQc tucrng img vdi c6ch td chric dfr vach ra; E: Evaluating (ddnh gi6) HS tg d6nh gi6 k}t qui hgc t4p cta minh c6 su gi6m s6t girip d6, h5 trg , ,t L cua may; 5) R: Recodnizing (tU y thfrc) HS tU xAy dgng c6c nhfln thric mdi cho bin th6n L58 | rAlLrEu 1.4 Nha B0r DUONG ruro rrEu cuuAN cHr1c Hcufe efio DANH NonE vrEru nEu ugc HAI{G u truong chia kho6 ving M6 hinh nhi truhng chia kho6 vdng ddi t4i Nga vdo cu6i th6 ki XX, nhim ph6t tri€n cdc y tucnrg vd xd hQi - vdn hoil cria L.X Vug6txki Nhd truOrng chia kho6 vdng ho4t d6ng theo ndm nguy6n 1) tic: Lop hgc c6 thd c6 nhiAu dd tu6i Nhd trubng c6 chucrng trinh day h6n hqp c6c nh6m tu6i vd nhSm cirng tu6i cho ph6p HS 16n tu6i truy6n d4t, h5 trq HS nh6 tu6i hon vd HS nh6 tu6i c6 th6 hgc tir c5c HS lon tu6i trulng vtng Y tu0ng ndy c6 the khai thdc 6p dUng c6c eli6m cao nudc ta 2) Ap dpng c6c nguy6ntic gia dinh Lop hqc t6 chric theo nhirng nguy6n ds gia dinh, tt6 c6 sg tham gia tich cgc ctra cha mg HS trrt6i ffS c6 th0 cirng gia dinh th6o ludn c6c v6n de'hqc tpp, c6ch gi6i quyOt vdn dd, HS lcrn tudi phii lim guong cho HS nh6 tu6i hcrn, theo kiOu anh 3) phii ldm gucrng cho em noi theo NQi dung hgc tQp ld nhirng su ki6n c6 y nghia y nghia OOi v\i tr6, c6 t6c tlQng d6n cim xirc cfia tr6 Sau d6, HS dugc hoc c6c bdi li€n quan d6n sg Cdc bdi hgc c6 nQi dung t4p trung vho c6c sg kiQn c6 ki6n d6 4) Hoc t4p tumg tic vit hqp tdc Day hgc t4p trung vio ciic tucrng tic, hgp tdc btrc dim cho HS cirng hgc L tQp, gihi quy6t c6c vdn i10 thich hqp pham 5) vi ki6n thuc, ki ndng cria HS Hai nhi su ph4m d4y ctng mQt lop U5i tOp c6 hai GV, mQt ngudi chuy6n nghiQp hon, ngtroi c6 th0 la GV, sinh vi6n tdp sU, thgc tdp, nhim d6t vAn dA tim hi6u, ddo sAu, 6p dr,rng vd c6 m0 rQng ki6n thric, ki ndng 1.5 Mo hinh trudng hgc nr6i M6 hinh trud'ng hpc m1i (Escuela Nueva - EN) dugc khoi xudng tir nhirng n[m t6m muoi ctia th6 ki tru6c o Colombia vdi su h6 tro cira NgAn hdng Thti gidi (WB), T6 chuc vdn hoii gi6o duc vd khoa hoc cta Li6n hie-p quOc (IINESCO) vd @tuqill&'5 Quan li hoqt dgng dqy hgc vir ph6t tridn CTGD nhir trtfdng tidu hoc I 159 Qu! Nhi dbng Li6n hiQp qu0c (LINICEF) MO hinh trubng hqc m6i co ho4t d6ng d4y hgc vd giSo dpc dpa vdo c6c nguy6n tdc ccr bin sau: 1) L6y HS ldm trung t6m: HS chri ttQng hqc theo kh6 n6ng cria minh, tu quen, hqrp t6c vd tg giSc hgc tQp v6i sU h5 tro cria GV; 2) NOi dung hgc t{p gin b6 ch{t chE v6i ddi s6ng hing ngdy cria HS; 3) XCp lorp linh hopt: HS dugc x6p 16n 16p tr6n n6u dugc GV et6nh gia d4t dugc c5c muc ti6u gi6o dUc t6i thi€u; 4) Phq huynh, cQng d6ng ptrOi frqrp ch{t chE v6i GV vd nhd trucrng d0 giirp dd HS mQt c6ch thi6t thuc hgc t4p vd tham gia'gi5m s5t vigc hgc tflp cria em minh; 5) G6p phAn hinh nh6n c6ch, cdc gi6 tri dAn chtr y thtl,c cQng