RELATIVE CLAUSE # 1

II/Relative clauses: 1/ The Relative pronounis the subject of the relative clause : Ex : I don't like the man.. 2/ The relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause : Ex: Have yo

RELATIVE CLAUSE(part 1)

I/ Relative pronouns:

Who ,whom, which, where, when, whose ,why , what, that

II/Relative clauses:

1/ The Relative pronounis the subject of the relative clause :

Ex : I don't like the man He lives next door

-> I don't like the man who lives next door

I don't like the book It tells about a famous actor

-> I don't like the book which tells about a famous actor

NOTE:"That" can replace " who" and " which"

The relative pronoun can't be omitted

2/ The relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause :

Ex: Have you read the book ? I lent you that book last week

-> Have you read the book which I lent you last week ?

I like the shirt You are wearing it

> I like the shirt which you are wearing

NOTE:

"That" can replace " Who"," whom" and " which"

The relative pronoun can be omitted

3/ The relative clause with preposition:

Ex:I don't like the hotel We are living in that hotel

-> I don't like the hotel which we are living in

(OR) > I don't like the hotel in which we are living

That girl is my sister.You are talking about her

> The girl who/(whom)you are talking about is my sister

(OR) > The girl about whom you are talking is my sister

NOTE:

" That"can replace "who" ," whom" and " which" when the preposition is at the end of the relative clause

In formal English preposition are pled before the relative pronoun

III/There are 3 kinds of relative clause : Defining, non- defining and

connective.A/Defining relative clauses :

1/ A defining relative clause specifies which person or thing we mean It can not be separated from the person or thing it describes

Ex:

The man who told me this refused to give me his name

( "Who told me this " is a defining relative clause If we omit this it is not clear what the man talking about )

Notice that there is no comma between a noun and a defining relative clause.

-Defining relative clause usually follow "the"+ Noun but they can be also be used with " a/an" + noun, plural nouns without "the" and the pronouns : all, none , anybody ,

somebody and those

-Clauses following " a/an"+ noun , plural nouns without

"the/somebody/someone" sometimes define their noun/ pronoun only indirectly.The

noun/ pronoun in these cases is usually the object of a verb or preposition.

Ex:

A doctor is a person/ someone who gives patients medical treatment

I met a person who said he knew you

-Sometimes these clauses are separated from their noun/ pronoun by a word or phrase Ex:

I saw something in the paper which would interest you

-But normally, relative clauses should be placed directly after their noun /pronoun

Ex :

Is there anything i can do to help ?

The noise that he made woke everybody up

2/ Relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses :

+/ For persons Subject :who /that

Object : who/whom/that

possesive : whose

a/ Subject : who/ that

"Who" is normally used but "that" is a possible alternative after " all/ everyone/

everybody/noone/ nobody/ those

Ex:

The man who has just come is our headmaster

Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in

b/ Object of a verb :Who/whom/that"Whom" is the Object form of " who" and is used

formally in object clauses

Ex:

He is a person whom you can rely on

-However, this is noun felt to be excessively formal by most speakers and " who" is commonly used instead ( that is more usual than "who").And it is still more common to omit the object pronoun altogether

Ex:

The man whom i saw told me to come back today

(OR) The man who i saw /The man i saw / The man that i saw

c/ With a preposition : Whom/ that

- In formal English " whom" has to be used if it follows a preposition

Ex :

To whom Am I speaking?

-In formal speech , however, it is more usual to move the preposition to the end of the clause "Whom" then is often replaced by " that", but it's still common to omit the relative altogether

Ex:

The man to whon i spoke

(OR) The man who/ whom i spoke to

(OR) The man that i spoke to/ The man i spoke to

-However , in everyday use, it's usual to avoid this kind of construction

Ex:

Who am i speaking to?

d/Possessive :

- Whose = " of whom" and "whose" is the only possible form

Ex:

Several guests whose rooms had been broken into complained to the manager