CONDITIONAL SENTENCE Cấp độ Loại 1: Công thức : IF S + V (hiện tại) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyên mẫu) Cách dùng: Chỉ việc xảy tương lai Ví dụ: If it is sunny, I will go fishing ( trời nắng, câu) Loại 2: Công thức : IF S + V (quá khứ) , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyên mẫu) ( be dùng were dù chủ từ số hay nhiều ) Cách dùng: Chỉ việc khơng thể khó xảy tương lai Ví dụ: If I were you, I would go abroad ( bạn, tơi nước ngồi) Chuyện khơng thể xảy tơi đâu thể biến thành bạn Loại 3: Công thức : IF S +HAD +P.P , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) HAVE + P.P Cách dùng: Chỉ việc không xảy khứ Ví dụ: If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him ( hôm qua tơi khơng vắng mặt tơi gặp rồi) => thực vắng mặt LƯU Ý: + Unless = if … not : + Bên mệnh đề có if, chữ had loại 3, chữ were loại chữ should loại đem đầu câu cho if ( chữ should đơi dùng loại với nghĩa làm cho câu mơ hồ hơn) Ví dụ: - If he should call, … ( mà có gọi, … ) => khơng biết có gọi hay khơng = Should he call,… ( mà có gọi, … ) - If I were you, … = Were I you, … - If she had gone there, … = Had she gone there,… Các dạng tập câu điều kiện (cấp độ bản) 1) Dạng chia động từ: Ở cấp độ thông thường người ta chia vế cho nên em việc quan sát xem loại mà áp dụng cơng thức cho Ví dụ: If I meet him, I (give) him this book Nhìn thấy câu đề cho bên if nên ta biết loại nên ta chia loại 1: If I meet him, I will give him this book Cũng có trường hợp khó người ta đóng ngoặc hai bên Trong trường hợp trước tiên em xem việc có phải xảy khứ khơng, Nếu phải chia loại 3, khơng có dấu hiệu khứ em phải dịch nghĩa : thấy khơng có khả khó có khả xảy dùng loại 2, có khả xảy dùng loại Ví dụ: If he (go) there yesterday, he (meet) her Thấy có dấu hiệu khứ (yesterday) nên ta chia loại 3: If he had gone there yesterday, he would have met her I (go) there if I (be) you Khơng có dấu hiệu q khứ nên ta dịch nghĩa: bạn => chuyện xảy nên dùng loại 2: I would go there if I were you 2) Dạng viết lại câu dùng IF: Dạng người ta cho câu riêng biệt nối với chữ : so = that’s why (vì thế), because ( ) Đối với dạng em thấy : Cả câu chia tương lai dùng loại (không phủ định) Một bên tại, bên tương lai / dùng loại (phủ định) Nếu có q khứ dùng loại (phủ định) Ghi chú: Phủ định câu đề có not ta dùng khơng có not ngược lại Nếu có because để if vị trí because Nếu có so, that’s why để if ngược với vị trí chúng Ví dụ: I will go there I will buy you a dog => If I go there, I will buy you a dog I can’t go out because it is raining => If it weren’t raining, I could go out ( người ta can dùng, khơng đổi thành will ) 3) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có if sang dùng unless: Unless vào chỗ chữ if, bỏ not, vế giữ nguyên Ví dụ: If you don’t speak loudly, he won’t hear Unless… => Unless you speak loudly, he won’t hear 4) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có without sang dùng if : Dùng if… not…., bên giữ nguyên ( tùy theo nghĩa mà có câu cụ thể) Ví dụ: - Without your help, I wouldn’t pass the exam ( khơng có giúp đỡ bạn ,… ) If you didn’t help, I wouldn’t pass the exam ( bạn không giúp,… ) -Without water, we would die ( khơng có nước,… ) If there were no water, we would die ( khơng có nước, ) 5) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có Or, otherwise sang dùng if : Dạng thường có cấu trúc câu mệnh lệnh + or, otherwise + S will … Cách làm sau: If you don’t ( viết lại, bỏ or, otherwise ) Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late ( nhanh lên, không bạn trễ) If you don’t hurry, you will be late ( bạn không nhanh lên, bạn trễ) 6) Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có But for sang dùng if : Dùng : if it weren’t for cho but for, phần lại giữ nguyên Ví dụ: But for your help, I would die If it weren’t for your help, I would die I/Chia động từ ngoặc If I (know)………………………… that you were ill, I (go)……………………… to see you If she'd had enough money, She (buy) …………………………… a car I (buy) ……………………………………… a car If you lend me some money I (see) …………………………… him if I (go) ………………………… to the party last night We could have gone out if the weather (not be)……………………………………… so bad If the book (not be )…………………………… expensive, I'll buy it You would be very surprised if he (return)……………………………… I'll go out if it (not rain)……………………………… They wouldn't come to the party if you (not invite) ………………………………… them 10 What ……………………………… you (do) …………………… if you (be) ………………… him? 11 If that hat costs much, I (buy) …………………………… a small one 12 If you (drive) …………………… more carefully, you (have) ………………………… so many accidents 13 If I (make) ……………………… that mistake again, my teacher (get) ……………………… angry with me 14 If I spoke English, my job (be) …………………………… a lot easier 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 If he (go) ………………… to London yesterday, he ( meet) ……………………………… his old friend I will lend them some money if they (ask) …………………………… me If we had known who he was, we (invite) ………………………… him to speak at our meeting My dog (bark) …………………………… if it (hear) ………………………… any strange sound If I (have) ………………………… enough money, I would buy a house They (not/let) …………………………… you in if you (come)…………… late If you (not go) ……………………………… away, I (send) ……………………………… for a policeman If I (be) ………………… in your place, I (accept) ……………………… Mr Anderson’s invitation If I (win) …………………………… a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job If I (be) ……………………………… you, I (tell) …………………………… the truth I was busy If I (have) …………………… free time I (go) …………………… to the cinema with you Why didn’t you attend the meeting? Oh, I did not know If I (know)……………………… I (come) …………………… there 27 What ……………….we(do)…………………… if they not come tomorrow? 28 If I had enough time now, I (write) ……………………………… to my parents 29 It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (be) …………………… here, she (know) ………………… what to 30 If I (eat) …………………breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ………………………… hungry during class 31 If she (come) ……………………………… late again, she (lose) ……………………………her job 32 I (let) ……………………… you know if I (find) …………………………………… out what’s happening 33 If we (live) ……………………………… in a town, life would be better 34 I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive) …………………………… early 35 We (phone) …………………………………… you if we have time 36 If I won the lottery, I (give) ……………………………… you half the money 37 It (be) …………………………………… a pity if she married Fred 38 If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ………………………… to the mountains 39 She (have) …………………………… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this 40 I know I (feel) …………………better if I (stop) …………………… smoking 41 If I (be) …………………… you, I (help) ………………………… him 42 I (understand)………………………………… him if he (speak) …………………………… more slowly 43 He didn’t listen to the teacher If he (listen) ………………………… carefully, he (perform) ………………………………… well in the examination 44 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come) ………………………… home, he (have) …………………………………… a lot of presents 45 He wanted to buy some Christmas presents but he couldn’t If he (afford) …………………………… to buy, his children (be) …………………………… very happy to greet a new year 46 The kitchen will look better if we (have) ………………………………… red curtains 47 If I knew his address, I (go) ……………………… round and see him 48 If you (not be) …………………… so busy, I (show) ………………………… you how to play 49 It (be) ………………………………… quicker if you (use)……………………… a computer 50 If we (have) ………………………… some eggs, I (make) ………………………………… you a cake 51 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……………………………… this one 52 She (be) ………………………… angry if she (hear) ………………………… this tomorrow 53 Unless you are more careful, you (have) …………………………… an accident 54 If you (like)……………, I (get) ………………………………… you a job in this company 55 If grandmother (be) ……………………… years younger, she (play) ………………………… some games 56 If he sun (stop) …………………… shinning, there (be) ………………………………… no light on earth 57 If I (be) ………………………………… a millionaire, I (live) ……………………on Mars II Viết lại câu A.1.He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam => If………………………………………………… …… She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam -If……………………………….…………………………… ……………… He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.=> If…… ………………………………………… He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.=> If………………………………………… …… She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party => If….………………………………………… ………………… I will get a work permit I will stay for another month => If………………………………………… ……………… He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy => If………………………………………… ………………… We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change => If………………………………………… ……… Study hard or you won’t pass the exam => If…….………………………………………… ……………………… 10 Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.=> If………………………………………………………………… 11 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now => If I………… ………………………………………………………….… 12 It hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.=> But for……… ………………………………………………………… 13 If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it.=>If I………………………………………………….…………………… 14 I only come if they invite me => unless……………………………………………………………………………… 15 He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.=> If he ………………………………………… …………… 16 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study.=> But for……………………………………………………… 17.The park is over there, only minutes’ walk.=> If you walk………………………………………………………… 18 In case it rain, we’ll stay at home.=>If it …………………………………………………………………………… 19 Let me give you my advice You should cut down on smoking right now => If I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.=>Unless…………………………………… ………………………………… 21 If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner => Should………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.=> If it……………………………………………………… 23 He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now =>Had …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.=> Unless…………………………………………………… 25 The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it => Were I………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage => If he………………………………………… …………………………………… 27 Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once => If………………………………………… ……………… 28 She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now => Had ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29.You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.→ If………………………………………………… 30.There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window → If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31.He is busy right now So, he can’t help them.→ If………………………………………………………………… 32.I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.→ If………………………………………… 33.I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.→ If I…………………………………………………………………… 34.She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.→ If …………………………………………………………………… 35.He is not a good student He didn’t study for the test yesterday.→ If …………………………………………… 36.I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.- If…………………………………………………… 37.Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.→ If …………………………………………………… 38.He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night → If……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39.They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that → If……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40.She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.→ If…………………………………………………………………………… 41.I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car → If…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42.It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue → If ………………………………………………………… 43.My parents not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.→ If ………………………………………… 44.She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.→ If ………………………………………… 45.The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.→ If ………………………………………………… 46.The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.→ If ………………………………………………… 47.She loves him so she forgives him easily.→ If………………………… ………………………………………… 48.He was angry so I didn’t say anything.→ If………………………………………………………………………… B.1- I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet.- I wouldn’t……………………………………………………… 2- I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.-Unless……………………………… …………………………… 3- In the snowy weather we don’t go to school - If…………………………………………………………………… 4- Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table - If…………………………………………… 5- You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep - If you……………………… …………………………… 6- Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets - If…………………………… …………………………… 7- If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her - Unless……….…………………………… 8- If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00 - Should……………………………………………………… 9- I wouldn’t accept if you ask me to marry you.- If you were………………………………………………………… 10- If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know? - If you happen…… ……………………………… 11- Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him - If a………………………… ………………………… III Chia động từ ngoặc A.1- It’s a pity you missed the party If you (come)………… you (meet)………… …… my friend from Hungary 2- If we (have)……… some tools, we (be)………….….able to repair the car, but we haven’t had any with us 3- Thank you for your help If you (not help)……………me, I (not pass)…………….the examination 4- It’s a beautiful house, and I (buy)…………….it if I (have)……………the money, but I can’t afford it 5- I can’t imagine what I (do)…………….with the money if I (win) …….…….the football pools or a lottery 6- Mark isn’t a serious athlete If he (train)…………… harder, he (be)…… …….quite a good runner 7- If Claire (listen)………… to her mother, she (not marry)……… ….David in the first place 8- It rained every day in our holiday If we (not take)………… the TV with us, we (not have) anything to 9- Jim is so untidy! If he (buy)……………some new clothes, he (not look) so bad 10- I wish I(have)…… … the money to buy some new clothes, but I can’t afford it at the moment 11- I wish the government (do)………… …something about the air pollution in this city 12- I’m getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget)………… …… … my umbrella 13- That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) ……………… so much 14- Come on children! It’s time you (be)……………… in bed 15- Actually, I’d rather you (not smoke)……………… in here 16- Suppose you (see)………… … a ghost, what would you do? 17- I’m so annoyed about my car accident If only I (be)…………….…… more careful! 18- I’d rather you (not put)………………your coffee on the top of the book B.1) If I see him, I (give) _ him a gift 2) If I had a typewriter, I (type) _ it myself 3) If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) _ you 4) You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly 5) If I (know) his telephone number, I'd give it to you 6) If you (arrive) _ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a job 7) He could get a job easily if he (have) _ a degree 8) I shouldn't have believed it if (not see) it with my own eyes 9) If he (study) _ hard, he can pass the exam 10) If she had asked you, you (accept) ? IV Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D): 1) If that hat costs much, I _ a small one A would have bought B will buy C bought D would buy 2) If you _ more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many accidents A drive B drove C had driven D driven 3) If I _ that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me A make B makes C made D had made 4) If I spoke English, my job _ a lot easier A was B were C will be D would be 5) If he _ to London yesterday, _ his old friend A went/would meet B go/would meet C had gone / would have metD went / would have met 6) I will lend them some money if they _ me A ask B will ask C asked D had asked 7) If we had known who he was, we _ him to speak at our meeting A would have invited B have invited C will invite D would invite 8) My dog will bark if it _ any strange sound A hearB hears C heard D had heard 9) If I _ enough money, I would buy a house A had B had had C will have D have 10) They _ you in if you come late A won’t let B not let C wouldn’t let D hadn’t let 11) If you _ away, I’ll send for a policeman A not go B don’t go C hadn’t gone D didn’t go 12) If I _ in your place, I would accept Mr Anderson’s invitation A were B am C be D was 13) If I _ a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job A win B had won C won D winning 14) If I _ you, I _ the truth A is B am C was D were 15) I was busy If I _ free time, I _ to the cinema with you A have / would go B had / will go C had had / would have goneD have had / go 16) Why didn’t you attend the meeting? - Oh, I did not know If I _, I _ there A know / would come B had known / would have come C had known / will come D known / had come 17) What _ we if they not come tomorrow? A would B will C did D had 18) If I had enough time now, I _ to my parents A would write B write C will write D wrote 19) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she _ here, she _ what to A is / will know B was / knows C were / would know D are / would have known 20) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I _ hungry during class A will get B got C would get D had got ... If she had asked you, you (accept) ? IV Choose the word or phrase that best complete the sentence (A, B, C, or D): 1) If that hat costs much, I _ a small one A would have bought B will