chung là lùi về quá khứ Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Hiện tại đơn > Quá khứ đơn Hiện tại tiếp diễn > Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành > Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn > Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ tiếp diễn > Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn: will shall > would should Tương lai gần: be going to > waswere going to
A Thì động từ lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo nguyên tắc chung lùi khứ Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp Hiện đơn -> Quá khứ đơn Hiện tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Quá khứ tiếp diễn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn: will/ shall -> would/ should Tương lai gần: be going to -> was/were going to B Thay đổi số động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp can could will would shall should must had to/must may might C.Các đại từ nhân xưng đại sở hữu chuyển từ lời nóitr ực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi bảng sau: Đại từ Câu trực tiếp Đại từ nhân xưng I Đại từ sở hữu Đại từ định Câu gián tiếp he/she we they you they/I/he/her me him/her us them you them/me/him/her my her/his our their your them/my/his/her mine his/hers ours theirs yours theirs/mine/his/hers this that these those D Các trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Here There Now Then Today That day Ago Before Tomorrow The next day / the following day The day after tomorrow In two day’s time / two days after Yesterday The day before / the previous day The day before yesterday Two day before Next week The following week Last week The previous week / the week before Last year The previous year / the year before CÂU PHÁT BIỂU : S + SAID THAT/TOLD THAT + S + VHẠTHÌ + ( BIẾN ĐỔI THỜI GIAN ) VD: She said “My father is travelling in America” -> She said that her father was travelling in America Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock” Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week” Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks” The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully” Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend” Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer” The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students” She said “She doesn’t buy this book” CÂU MỆNH LỆNH: S + TOLD/ASKED +O + ( NOT ) + TO + VO VD: She said to me “close the door!” -> She asked me to close the door She said to him: “Give me another glass of wine” She said to me: “Bring me a book” Mother said to him: “Open the window please!” He said to me: “Shut the door after you” The captain said to them: “Wait here still I come back” CÂU HỎI : S + ASKED ( + SB) + IF/WHETHER + S + VHẠTHI WH-/HOW Vd: She said “Do you want to go with me?”-> She asked if/whether I wanted to go with her Vd: He asked “what time will you come?”-> He asked what time I would come => Nếu có từ ( what, which, why, how) thì giữ nguyên Còn à trợ động từ do, does thì mượn if/whether “How much does this dress cost?” Lan asked Lien Ba asked Tam “How often you wash your clothes?” “Do you enjoy reading?” Phong asked Peter “When will your father leave Vietnam for the USA?” Phong asked Thu “Does she like sports?” Hoa asked Lan “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” She asked Nam Tam’s friend asked him “How long will you stay in England?” “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom 10 “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend