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FULL TEST 60 _ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family (A) Wherever the early prospector lived (B) The early prospector lived (C) Not only did the early prospector live (D) The early prospector living Helium is _ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air pressure (A) more than difficult (B) the most difficult of (C) more difficult of (D) most difficult Every year Canadian _ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States (A) businesses that sell (B) selling businesses (C) businesses sell (D) that sell to businesses An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was _ a traveling company (A) to form the first (B) the first to form (C) who formed the first (D) forming the first When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _ expands, causing the rocks to break apart (A) it (B) but (C) then (D) and With x – ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects _ even through solid pieces of metal (A) however (B) nevertheless (C) or (D) yet 7.As resident of New Mexico, Dennis Chavez _ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in1938 (A) when elected (C) who was elected (D) was elected _ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’s productivity (A) For concentrations of salt (B) Salt concentrations that (C) If salt concentrations (D) With concentrations of salt _ social crusade aroused Elizabeth William’s enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States (A) No (B) Nothing (C) Not (D) None 10 _ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal (A) In early (B) As early (C) Early (D) Was as early 11 The quantum theory states _, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons (A) energy that (B) that it is energy (C) it is energy (D) that energy 12 Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable _ spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places (A) they (B) to their (C) its (D) them to 13 Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil _ (B) elected surface below the deep deep below the surface the deep below surface the deep surface below 14 Algebra generalizes certain basic laws _the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of all numbers (A) govern (B) that govern (C) have governed (D) which they govern 15 Even at low levels, _ (A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead (B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system 16 The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and A B to cook at her famous Boston school C D 17 The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense A B C D 18 A few naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known A B mainly from laboratory-made samples C D 19 Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can A B C D 20 To stay warm in cold weather, cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a A B source of warmth such as direct sunlight C D 21 A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived Helen Keller A B C of both her sight and hearing D Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a A nonliving environment, the latter composed of air, rocks, soiled, and water B C D 23 The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills, A B information, and attitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society C D 24 A time zone is a slightly irregular north-south belts that extends from pole to A B C D pole 25 Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television, A B C and film productions on both sides the Atlantic Ocean D 2|Page 26 A microphone enables a soft tone to be amplified, thus making it possible the A B C gentle renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall D 27 Atrophy is a decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissues, or other part of the body A B C such as a limb D 28 The poetry of e.e cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend A B grammatical rules as they strive to expression their insights C D 29 Commercial rock wool is made by blowing steam through molten rock such as A B C limestone to create fine, flexibility, glasslike fibers D Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting AB significant financial events C D 31 The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring A B C D Harriet Monroe’s verse survive today as evidence of her undiscouraged zeal for A B C the advancement of modern poetry D 33 Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if A B participants push themselves greatly hard D 15 The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for A B C single-celled animals D 35 Alaska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions and the A B difficult of highway maintenance is a troublesome problem C D 36 For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships, A B C icebergs, or cliffs in foggy weather D 3|Page 37 Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric A B system is not generally utilized in the United States C D 38 Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated A B C for its smooth and beautiful tone D 39 Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, tantalizing secret of A B C the planet are concealed D 18 The pioneer John Chapman received the nickname “Johnny Appleseed” A because he planted apple seedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio, B C D Indiana, and Elinois READING PRACTICE 26 Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D for applying patterns to textiles The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink The background is carved away, leaving the design area (10) slightly raised The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press (5) (15) (20) Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve") The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images A set of multiples is called an edition Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before 11 What does the passage mainly discuss? A The origins of textile decoration B The characteristics of good-quality prints C Two types of printmaking D Types of paper used in printmaking 12 The word "prime" in line is closest in meaning to A principal B complex C general D recent C framed 13 The author's purposes in paragraph is to describe A the woodcuts found in China in the fifth century B the use of woodcuts in the textile industry C the process involved in creating a woodcut D the introduction of woodcuts to Europe 14 The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning to A burned B cut D baked 15 Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? A "patterns"(line 5) B "grain"(line 8) C "burin"(line 15) D "grooves"(line 16) 16 The word "distinctive" in line 18 is closest in meaning to A unique B accurate C irregular D similar 17 According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that it A developed from the art of the goldsmiths B requires that the paper be cut with a burin C originated in the fifteenth century D involves carving into a metal plate 18 The word "yield" in line 22 is closest in meaning to A imitate B produce C revise D contrast 19 According to the passage, what woodcut and engraving have in common? A Their designs are slightly raised B They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching C They were first used in Europe D They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original 20 According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century? A Prints could be made at low cost B The quality of paper and ink had improved C Many people became involved in the printmaking industry D Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable 21 According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they A can be reproduced on materials other than paper B are created from a reversed image C show variations between light and dark shades D require a printing press Question 32-40: Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790 Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development (5) Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at (10) points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) (15) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, (20) Pennsylvania It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; (25) slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain 32 Paragraph discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of the A popularity of turnpikes B financing of new roads C development of the interior D laws governing road use 33 The word "primitive" in line is closest in meaning to A unsafe B unknown C inexpensive D undeveloped 34 In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country with A other inland communities B towns in other states C river towns or seaports D construction sites 35 The phrase "on the threshold of" in line is closest in meaning to A in need of B in place of C at the start of 39 Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state that D with the purpose of 36 According to the passage, why did states want private companies to help with road building? A The states could not afford to build roads themselves B The states were not as well equipped as private companies C Private companies could complete roads faster than the states D Private companies had greater knowledge of the interior 37 The word "it" in line 10 refers to A legislature B company C authority D payment 38 The word "imitation" in line 13 is closest in meaning to A investment B suggestion C increasing D copying A built roads without tollgates B built roads with government money C completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year D introduced new law restricting road use 40 The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 20 as an example of a feature of wagons that was A unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles B first found in Germany C effective on roads with uneven surfaces D responsible for frequent damage to freight KEY GRAMMAR B B C B A C D C A 10 B 11.D 12 D 13 B 14 B 15 C 16 C 17 B 18 A 19 D 20 B 21 A 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 D 26 C 27 C 28 D 29 D 30 A 31 C 32 A 33 D 34 A 35 C 36 C 37 A 38 A 39 C 40 C FULL TEST 62 When _in arctic regions, the Aleuts construct igloos as temporary winter shelters (A) travel (B) to travel (C) traveling them (D) traveling Most substances contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is _of its liquid (A) than the higher density (B) higher than the density (C) the density is higher than that (D) the higher the density The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is _clearly understood (A) none (B) no (C) not (D) nor Desert animals _a means of retaining moisture in such a hot, dry climate if they are to survive (A) need (B) needing (C) to need (D) was needed _state of Wyoming is also known as the “Equality State” because Wyoming women were the first in the nation to vote (A) The (B) There is a (C) That the (D) As the Fructose is a monosaccharide sugar that is much sweeter _ (A) than cane sugar does (B) does cane sugar (C) cane sugar (D) than cane sugar Ground plans and contour maps of the Earth _from aerial photographs (A) can be drawn (B) can draw (C) to draw (D) drawn By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert _over art (A) influence worldwide a great (B) a great worldwide influence (C) influence a great worldwide (D) a worldwide influence _millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way (A) It is estimated that (B) An estimate that (C) That is estimated (D) That the estimated The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil _the plants grow (A) which (B) which in (C) in which (D) in The operetta first _as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century (A) to emerge (B) emerging (C) has emerged (D) emerged 10 _complex organic catalysts originating in living cells (A) Enzymes (B) Enzymes are (C) Enzymes which are (D) Enzymes while they A 23 The most significant cosmological characteristic of the galaxies are the A B red shift in their optical spectra D 16 James Whistler was indifferent to the titles of his painted and even A B C changed the names of some works years after their completion D 19 Duke Ellington’s orchestra, playing his original compositions and arrangements, achieving a fine unity of style and made numerous innovations B C in modern jazz D 22 Moles are almost completely blind, although its tiny eyes can distinguish A B C D light from dark 27 Noise is a psychological term referring toward unpleasant, unwanted, or A B C intolerable sound D 28 Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that have always had a A B C completely female medical staff D 29 Criminal contempt, committed in the presence of the court, may consist of B C disorderly behavior, disrespectful, or disobedience of a judge’s orders D 30 The Cubist movement in art was a reaction against traditional methods of A B portray reality C D 31 During the 1600’s skilled shoemakers scarce were in what is now the A B C D A United States 32 If a atom loses any of its electrons, it becomes positively charged and can A B combine chemically with other atoms C D ... (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) (15) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation... speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike,... appreciated A B C for its smooth and beautiful tone D 39 Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, tantalizing secret of A B C the planet are concealed D 18 The pioneer John