THE FAUNA OF INDIA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRIES CHALCIDOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA)

AGAONTIDAE, TORYMIDAE, LEUCOSPIDIDAE, CHALCIDIDAE, EURYTOMIDAE, PERILAMPIDAE, EUCHARIDAE, CLEONYMIDAE, MISCOGASTERIDAE, PTEROMALIDAE, EUPELMIDAE and ENCYRTIDAE The superfamily Chalcidoidea includes parasitic Hymenopteran insects which are freeliving as adults but their larval stages parasitise various groups of insects and other Arthropods. It is one of the difficult superfamilies of the order Hymenoptera. Much work has been done in India on parasitic Hymenoptera but it is all scattered. The author, Dr M.S. Mani, is the noted zoologist of India. His expertise has been utilized in compiling the present voluminous work, and in spite of his advancing old age, he has used his skill and mastery over the subject true to his fame. The complete volume comprises 22 families, 324 genera and 1039 species reported so far from the Indian region (i.e. India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka). In some cases it has not been possible for the author to give the exact localities of occurrence of species either for not being available in literature or he could not procure material of particular species but its great usefulness to the investigators on the group is beyond doubt. For many years to come it will serve as reference book for the Indian and foreign workers on Parasitic Hymenoptera because of its standard, completeness and authenticity.

FAUNA OF INDIA THE FAUNA OF INDIA AND THE ADJACENT COUNTRIES CHALCIDOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) Part Introduction AGAONTIDAE, TORYMIDAE, LEUCOSPIDIDAE, CHALCIDIDAE, EURYTOMIDAE, PERILAMPIDAE, EUCHARIDAE, CLEONYMIDAE, MISCOGASTERIDAE, PTEROMALIDAE, EUPELMIDAE and ENCYRTIDAE By M.S MANI Zoological Survey of India, Madras Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey oj India 1989 © Copyright, Government of India, 1989 Published: June, 1989 Price : India : Rs 700.00 Foreign: £ 70.00 $ 95.00 Printed at Nagaraj & Co, Madras-600 041, India and Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta-700 020, India EDITOR'S PREFACE The superfamily Chalcidoidea includes parasitic Hymenopteran insects which are free-living as adults but their larval stages parasitise various groups of insects and other Arthropods It is one of the difficult superfamilies of the order Hymenoptera Much work has been done in India on parasitic Hymenoptera but it is all scattered The author, Dr M.S Mani, is the noted zoologist of India His expertise has been utilized in compiling the present voluminous work, and in spite of his advancing old age, he has used his skill and mastery over the subject true to his fame The complete volume comprises 22 families, 324 genera and 1039 species reported so far from the Indian region (i.e India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma and Sri Lanka) In some cases it has not been possible for the author to give the exact localities of occurrence of species either for not being available in literature or he could not procure material of particular species but its great usefulness to the investigators on the group is beyond doubt For many years to come it will serve as reference book for the Indian and foreign workers on Parasitic Hymenoptera because of its standard, completeness and authenticity In order to avoid unwieldliness of the volume and for easy consultation, the present volume has been brought out in two parts Part I contains the families Agaontidae, Torymidae, Leucospididae, Chalcididae, Eurytomidae, Perilampidae, Eucharidae, Cleonymidae, Miscogasteridae, Pteromalidae, Eupelmidae, and Encyrtidae, and Part contains the families Signiphoridae, Aphelinidae, Elasmidae, Euryi"schiidae, Elachertidae, Entedonidae, Eulophidae, Tetrastichidae, Trichogrammatidae, Mymaridae, Supplement and Index A Host-Parasite List and a complete Bibliography on Indian Chalcids are given at the end Askhet Singh 11 Direclor-in-charge (iii) PREFACE These volumes bring together under one cover the much scattered and often almost inaccessible taxonomic descriptions of the Chalcidoidea, known so far from the biogeographical area of India When I began my studies on Indian Chalcids in the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, in 1'931, there were hardly a dozen named specimens and just a single type in the country Except for Ashmead and Schmiedeknecht, literature was simply non-existent Chalcid taxonomic research was then certainly a fool-hardy adventure that Ramakrishna Ayyar and I had embarked on We were virtually the only Indians engaged in insect taxonomy in India and never worked in the British Museum, London Inevitably we made many mistakes, but we were followed by many brilliant students like Subba Rao, Alam, Agarwal, Shafee, Hayat, Joseph, Narendran and others, who have since then enormously enriched our knowledge of these insects from India Though during all these years I have continued, with many interruptions, my interest in Chalcids, it was indeed the financial aid provided by US Department of Agriculture under the PL-480 Programme that enabled me to undertake an extensive survey of nearly the whole of India and collect several thousands of Chalcids during 1971-1981 I was then Emeritus Professor, School of Entomology, St John's College, Agra With most types scattered in museums and private collections in Europe and USA, flooded with vast amounts of unsorted and unnamed collections in various institutions in India and with over one thousand "known" species, many of which have actually to -be rediscovered, redescribed and revised, a Fauna volume on Chalcidoidea would seem an utterly u~realizable dream There is yet a most urgent need for precisely such a monograph, if we are at all to make any progress These volumes are expected to fulfil this need Even ip the absence of types, it has yet been possible to describe several species from specimens Synonymies have been brought up to date and notes on type localities, geographical distribution and hosts have been included Keys to genera and species, though some of them are necessarily (v) artificial, have been given wherever possible Most genera and species are illustrated by figures, many of which are original and others have been modified from sources suitably acknowledged i~ the text In attempting the awesome task of preparing this Fauna, I have, as J.D Hooker said of the famous Flora, merely swept up together in one place the hopelessly scattered material With all their shortcomings, these volumes should, I hope, provide the necessary basis for further work I lowe a deep debt of gratitude to my numer~us students and research associates for invaluable help in my Chalcid studies My special thanks are due to Dr B.K Tikader, Director, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, for suggesting this work and for constant encouragement I am particularly thankful to Messrs P Velayutham and C Shrinivasan, my Research Associates, for checking of literature, for descriptions of genera and species and for their exceptional skill in the preparation of illustrations Miss N Bhooma, Technical Assistant, typed the rough drafts into press-ready copy, with neatness and commendable accuracy My cordial thanks are due to the Nagaraj & Co for their superb cooperation in course of the printing of these volumes My sincere thanks are due to Mr Shrinivasan for his invaluable help in reading through the printer's proofs and in the preparation of Index M.S MANI Madras Jaunary 3, 1985 (vi) ERRATA Page Line from Top For Read 48 23 glmerata glomerata 118 12 Tetrastiozoon Tetrastichozoon 119 23 Sycobio Sycobia 238 Foot Note bengolensis bengalensis 282 Foot Note bymantriae Iymantriae 318 Foot Note Westn Westw 321 18 From top coromandeicus coromandelicus pechiparienis pechipariensis 424 Vide foot note on P 1474 692 Fig 160 698 line from bottom 717 Line 24 from top De Osantis 808 Fig Insert Fig 184 968 Fig 229 Read Fig 230 1061 Line from bottom Florinia Fiorinia 1293 22 From top Syntomospyrum Syntomosphyrum for jotiaceously (vii) read fobiaceously De Santis CONTENTS INTRODUCTION I CHALCIDOIDEA HISTORICAL CHARACTERS OF TAXONOMIC IMPORTANCE Eupristina Saunders Key to species Eupristina Eupristina Eupristina Eupristina Eupristina grassii Grandi belgaumensis Joseph koningsbergeri Grandi saundersi Grandi masoni Saunders Blastophaga Gravenhorst Key to species 10 11 12 13 Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga Blastophaga arnotiana Joseph constabularis Joseph gestroi Grandi vaidi Joseph psenes Linneaus breviventris Mayr gomberti Grandi quadraticeps Westwood Ceratosolen Mayr Key to species 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 20 Family I AGAONTIDAE Key to subfamilies Subfamily i AGAONTINAE Key to genera 16 16 CLASSIFICATION KEY TO FAMILIES 1 Ceratosolen Ceratosolen Ceratosolen Ceratosolen Ceratosolen emarginatus Mayr Jusciceps Mayr gravelyi Grandi marchali Mayr mysorensis Joseph Subfamily ii SYCOPHAGINAE Key to genera 21 21 22 24 26 28 29 29 30 30 32 34 34 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 40 42 42 45 45 (viii) Sycophaga Wes{wood )9 Sycophaga brevitarsus Grandi 20 Sycophaga cunia (Joseph) 46 46 48 Platyscapa Motschulsky 21 Platyscapa frontalis MOhl:hulsky 50 50 Apocrypta Coquerel Apocrypta bakeri (Joseph) Apocrypta westwoodi Grandi 51 51 51 54 Liporrhopalunl Waterston 24 Liporrhopalunl rutherfordi Waterston 56 56 Key to species 22 23 57 57 58 58 Family II TORYMIDAE Key to subfamilies Subfamily i IDARNINAE Key to genera Sycorycles Mayr 25 Sycoryctes religiosa Wiebes 26 Sycoryctes tr(femmensis Joesph 27 Sycoryctes roxburghi Joseph 61 Jdarnes Walker 28 Jdarnes testacea (Mayr) 66 66 10 Goniogaster Mayr 29 Goniogaster variicolor Mayr 69 69 11 Platyneura Motschulsky 30 Platyneura testacea Motschulsky 70 70 12 Sycoscapter Westwood 31 Sycoscapter stabilis (Walker) 32 Sycoscapter infectorius (Joseph) 33 Sycoscapter triformis Joseph 70 71 74 75 13 Sycoscapteridea Ashmead 34 Sycoscapteridea monilifera ('\,Vestwood) 35 Sycoscapteridea indica (Joseph) 36 Sycoscapteridea longipalpus (J oseph) 37 Sycoscapteridea forsteni Joseph 38 Sycoscapteridea raoi Joseph 78 78 81 83 84 84 14 Philotrypesis Forster 39 Philotrypesis transiens (Walker) 40 Philotrypesis affinis (Westwood) 41 Philotrypesis anguliceps (Westwood) 42 Philotrypesis quadrisetosa (Westwood) 86 88 90 94 97 (ix) 61 64 64 43 44 45 46 47 Philolrypesis Philolrypesis Philotrypesis Philolrypesis Philolrypesis pi/osa Mayr longispinoso Joseph pa"nala Joseph dunia Joseph Iridentola Joseph 101 105 107 II I 114 15 Olilesello Westwood 48 O/i/esella digi/ata Westwood 49 Otitesella Ininilna Joseph 115 116 118 16 U'alkerella Westwood 50 Walkerella tellleraria West wood 51 Walkerella benjonlini (Joseph) 52 Walkerella Ina/he wi (Joseph) 119 119 121 123 17 Micranisa Walker 53 Micranisa pterolnaloides (Walker) 125 Sycobiella West wood 54 Sycobiella c/aviscapa Joseph 127 127 18 12~~ 19 Parakoebelea Joseph 55 Parakoebelea slra/heni Joseph 56 Parakoebelea Ihalakvadiensis Joseph 128 129 129 131 20 Arachonia Joseph 57 Arachonia plulllosa Joseph 132 133 ADDENDUM TO IDARNINAE 133 134 Subfamily ii TORYMINAE Key to genera 21 Ecdamuna Walker 58 Ecdamuna mirabilis Masi 59 Ecdamuna indica Walker 135 135 136 22 Torymoides Walker 60 TorYllloides amabilis Walker 136 136 23 Torymus Dalman 136 137 137 139 140 Key to species 61 62 63 Torymus banga/orensis (Mani & Kurian) Torymus chaubolliensis Bhatnagar Torymus cylonicus (Motschulsky) Subfamily iii MONODONTOMERINAE Key to genera 140 141 24 Pseudotorymus Mayr 64 Pseudotorymus indicus (Mani) 141 142 25 Diomorus Walker 144 (x) ENCYRTINAE: APHIDENCYRTUS 1053 Scutellum entire; axillae contiguous; scutellum rounded apically; fore wings slightly more than times longer than wide; costal cell broad; vein sm with 11 long setae; vein pm slightly longer than m and slightly shorter than vein st; marginal fringe short, separated by 0.33 of their length; hind wings slightly more than times longer than wide; pegs at tip of middle tibia Abdomen shorter than thorax; ovipositor arises from middle of abdominal venter, slightly protruded Type locality: Aligarh Distribution: Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan Host: Psylla sp on Cirtus sp Aphidencyrtus hofferi Hayat 1973 Aphidencyrtus holleri, Hayat, Proc zool Soc Calcutta, 25 : 35 Female: Length 1.26 mm Head bluish-green, with bronzy lustre on posterior part of vertex; gena violet; scape brown, apex and ventral margin yellowish-brown; pedicel brownish-black, apex yellowish; funicular segments brownish-yellow; club brown; club brown; metanotum and propodeum blackish; mesopleura violet; wings hyaline; middle coxae Drown; femora with a brownish-yellow patch in the middle, last tarsal segment dusky; rest of legs whitishyellow; abdomen bluish-green Frontovertex reticulate with scattered aciculate punctate, wider than eye and about 1.67 times longer than wide; ocellar triangle slight obtuse-angled; lateral ocelli close to eye; ocelloccipital space subequal to ocellar diameter; gena shorter than eye; scrobes deep, rounded above; antennal sockets removed from facial margin by a distance equal to length of a socket; mandibles with teeth and a truncature; maxillary palpi with and labial palpi with segments respectively; scape more than times as long as thick in the middle; pedicel as long as the following funicular segments combined; funicular segments longer than thick, first segments distinctly shorter than distal segments; club shorter than preceding segments combined Mesonotum and scutellum bluish-green, with bronzy lustre on scutellum; fore wings 2.33 times longer than wide; costal cell with one complete and one incomplete row of cilia; vein sm with 10 cilia; basal triangle with about 25 cilia and a row of cilia below vein sm; speculum with long cilia; filum spinosum with peg-like setae; marginal fringe very short; hind wings hyaline; fore coxa except apex, femora basally and apical 0.33 and last tarsal segments black; rest of leg yellow; middle tibial spur sub equal in length to metatarsus; hind coxae, femora except base at apex, and a patch on basal 0.33 of tibiae brownish; last tarsal segment dusky; rest of leg whitish 1054 M.S MAN] : FAUNA OF INDIA: CHALCIDOIDEA Abdomen slightly longer than thorax; first tergite not longer than following tergite; ovipositor concealed Type locality Aligarh Tachinaephagus Ashmead 1904 Tach in aeph ag us, Ashmead, Mem Carnegie Mus., (4) : 304 1909 Tachinaephagus, Schmiedeknecht, Gen Ins., 97 : 249 1917 Tachinaephagus, Girault, Ins Inscit Memst., (7-9) : 142 1921 Australencyrtus, Johnson & Tiegs, Proc R Soc Queens/and, 33 (6) : 118-123 1921 Stenosterys, Dodd in Froggatt, Agr Gaz N.S Wales, 32 (10) : 728 1924 Tachinaephagus, Girault, Homo Perniciosus New Hym., : ? 1956 Austrahomalotylus, Risbec, Ann Parasite compo 30 (1-2) : 169 1960 Trachinaephagus, Ghesquiere, Rev Zoot Bot Ajricaines, 62 (1-2) : 53-58 1978 Tachinaephagus, Subba Rao, Bull ent Res., 68 : 65-75 1979 Tachinaephagus, Krombein et al., Hymen N America, : 955 Closely related to Syrpophagus and Epiencyrtus, but pm longer than st and shorter than m and st; head convex with scattered punctae lateral ocelli remote from eye mandibles tridentate, antennae inserted just below the level of lower orbital borders, toruli remote, scrobe shallow; scape cylindrical; funicular segments not longer than thick; club short; not 0.33 of funicle; axillae contiguous; eyes hairy; mandibles tridentate; fore wings infuscate; vein st not longer than m-pm combined; abdomen oval; ovipositor slightly exserted Type species: Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead Tachinaepbagus ceylonicus (Subba Rao) 1972 Zeteticontus cey/onicus, Subba Rao, Entomophaga, 17 (2) : 191 1976 Tachinaephagus cey/onicus, Subba Rao, J nat Hist 10 : 688 1978 Tachinaephagus cey/onicus, Subba Rao, Bull ent Res., 68 : 72 Female: Head almost black; thorax dark brown, turning to light brown on the pleuron; abdomen dark brown; vertex and face with a rather weak dark bluish lustre; scutellum with coppery-green reflections; scape yellowish-brown; funicle and club brown; pubescence of body wholly black to dark brown; punctation on head and thorax very small, sparse; space between punctae on vertex and face somewhat delicately microscopically striated Head moderately thick fronto-occipitally; above appearing semicircular, with the occIpital outline broadly roundly emarginate; ocelli large, in a triangle whose base is about 1.30 times as long as its sides; ocelloccipital equal to ocellar diameter; gena not well developed; with a deep vertical groove, less than 0.50 of eye; toruli thick apart, rather nearer to the ocular margin than to the oral margin; antenna moderately short, strongly clavate; scape very slightly dilated ENCYRTINAE: IXODIPHAGUS 1055 beneath; at its thickness only about 3.75 times the length; pedicel rather long, about 0.33 of scape; first funicular segment shorter than pedicel, distinctly longer than thick; funicular segments 2-6 progressively shorter; club longer than pedicel; terminal segment rounded Axillae not separated; scutellum flat, moderately polished; wings with dense discal pilosity; veins m : Em : st ratio : : 6; discal ciliae basad vein sm very dense and unIform, characteristic; marginal fringe short and dense Abdomen a little shorter than thorax, somewhat triangular; ovipositor distinctly protruded Male: Not known Type locality: Ceylon, Malaysia Host: Dacus dorsalis Coq HUNTERELLUS - GROUP OF GENERA Ixodiphagus Howard 1907 Ixodiphagus, Howard, Ent News, 18 (9) : 377 1963 Ixodiphagus, Hoffer, Acta Ent Mus Nat Pragae 35 : 591 1979 Ixodiphagus, Krombein et 01., Hymen N America, : 949 Type-species: Ixodiphagus texanus Howard Ixodiphagus mysorensis Mani 1941 Ixodiphagus mysorensis, Mani, Indian J En!., (1) : 29 Female: Length 1.00 mm Body black; head black; pubescence brown; eyes pubescence dense and pale brown; antennae dark brown; scape brown basally, dark brown apically; thorax black shagreened; pubescence brown; wings faintly browned behind vein sm and m punctiform; legs except for the light brown tarsi, tibiae and apical 0.50 of femora, very dark brown; abdomen dark brown Head from above times as thick as thick as long, somewhat thicker than thorax, occipital margin distinct, shagreened; interocellar space about times ocellocular space, also ocellocular space subequal to ocellar diameter; antennae inserted in the middle of face; terminal club segment lighter in the middle of face; terminal club segment lighter than rest of antennae; pedicel a little shorter than scape; scape compressed; axillae se}:?arated by a faint median carina; fore wings witIi vein pm shorter than st and times the m Male: Very similar to female but pedicel 0.50 of seape Type locality: Mysore Host: Cattle tick Ornithodorus sp (Argantidae) 1056 M.S MAN) : FAUNA OF INDIA: CHALCIDOIDEA GENSUS INSERTAE SEDIS Epitetracnemus Girault 1915 Epitetracnemus, Girault, Mem Queensland Mus., : 164 Body metallic green; reticulately squamose; scape compressed; club equal to funicle; face inflexed; second tooth of mandible broadly truncate; axillae separate; vein m distinctly longer than thick; very short; pm still shorter; vein sf pronotum transverse; antennae with 11 segments, inserted about the level of lower orbital border; no annellus; club with segments; funicle with segments; fore wing infumate from the bend of vein sm to tip; with rounded spots; speculum present Type-species Epitetracnemus sexguffafipennis Girault ~ FIG 256 Epitetracnelnus quadrigullatus Girault, female: Thorax and abdomen (Modified /r0l11 Hayat) ENCYRTINAE: EPITETRACNEMUS 1057 Epitetracnemus quadriguttatus Girault (Fig 256 & 257) 1932 Epitetracnenlus quadriguttatus, Girault, Private Pub., 1961 Epitetracnemus quadriguttatus, De Santis, Rev( Mus La Plata, (NS) (Zool.) : 123-172 1978 Epitetracnemus quadrigultatus, Hayat, J nal Hisl., 12: 33-36 Girault's original description "Epitetracnemus quadriguttatus Ovipositor 0.33 of abdomen, apex white; club 0.75 of funicular; blue; white; funicular 4-6 tarsi, knees, distal 0.50 of tibia one, 0.66 of tibia 2, basal 0.50 of femur 2, apex of tibia thickly, elongate spur; wing fuscous from bend of submg.-vein, round clear spots, pairs opposites, distal at apex veins Funicular quadrate, enlarging Scape clavate, dilaton moderate Red scale, India, L.J Newman." Female: Head dark brown with metallic shine; leg colour and infuscation of fore wing as given in the original description; otherwise colour of thorax and abdomen similar to Habrolepis obscura Compere & Annecke, sculpture of thorax like H occidua Annecke & Mynhardt Frontovertex narrow; ocellar triangle acute; lateral ocelli almost contiguous to eye; scape about 5.50 times as long as thick; maxillary palpi with and labial palpi with segments respectively; middle tibial spur longer than metatarsus; ovipositor from between bases of hind coxae, exserted, longer than middle tibia; third valvulae longer than middle tibial spur FIG 257 Epitetracnemus quadrigutattus Girault, female; Fore wing Hayat remarks as below: "In the mandibular dentition, shape, sculpture and setation of the scutellum and fore wing venation and markings quadrigutattus is not unlike the species of Anabro/epis Timberlake and Habro/epis Forster that lack the lamelliform setae It is not, however, considered wise to transfer this species to either of these genera for the reasons given under E sexguttatipennis 67 1058 M.S MANJ : FAUNA OF INDIA: CHALCIDOJDEA The apparent similarity between guadriguttatus and some of the species of Habrolepis and Anabrolepis make it necessary to know the systematic position of the genus Epitetracnemus So a request was made to Dr D.P Annecke to examine the holotype of this species and also consulte.d Girault's (C 1932) unpublished manuscript and given me lhe following notes : "Mandible apparently with a strong ventral tooth and a dorsal truncation of which the lower angle appears to be somewhat developed and pointed, resembling a tooth Fore wing with venation and marking which fit Timberlake's (1920) description of those of Anabrolepis extranea Timberlake well enough to suggest that the two species are congeneric Scutellum with the shape, sculpture and setation of one of the species of Habrolepis that lack the lamelliform setae For that matter, the scutellum could be that of an Adelencyrtus There are pairs of setae, one apical and other subapical, which are unusually strong Antennal scape considerably expanded, about 2.80 times as long as greatest breadth Note the Girault's (1915 : 165, line 11) description of 'funicular segments 1-4 short, times longer than thick' is, of course, not correct: as he points out in his unpublished manuscript, it should read '2 times thicker than long.' In his MS, Girault notes that Epitetralophidea (Girault, 1915 : 176) may be the same as Epitetracnemus a further twist to a matter already complicated by the appalling state of Girault's material The type of sexguttatipennis consists of the head, one antenna attached, a whole fore wing, except part of basal triangle, and a fore leg The coverslip has been crushed directly over the head, like so many of Girault' s type slides, so it is impossible to see most of the characters of the head The silvery setae arching across the face above the scrobes, characteristic of extranea, mayor may not be present." "My conclusions are that Epitetracnemus is probably a senior synonym of Anabrolepis but I should prefer not to publish this opinion until we are more certain, and also not until the possibility of conserving the better known Timberlake name has been examined When someone collects fresh material it should be possible to determine specifically, against the type slide, and only then will it be possible to be sure of the synonymy." "I agree with Dr Annecke's suggestion that "the species presently in Habrolepis, Adelencyrtus and Anabrolepis now also the A ustralian things warit careful revision on a thicker than national basis Perhaps we should no more, at this stage, than alert other workers to the possible synonymies rather than attempt to implement them " ARRHENOPHAGJNAE: ARRHENOPHAGUS 1059 SUBFAMILY ARRHENOPHAGINAE 1904 1909 1921 1953 1963 Arrhenophagini, Ashmead, Mem Carnegie Mus., (4) : 311 Arrhenopohagini, Schmiedeknecht, Gen Ins., 97 : 260 Arrhenophaginae, Mercet, Faun Iberica, 51 Arrhenophaginae, Ghesquiere, Proc X congr inter Ent., : 276 Arrhenophaginae, De Santis, Ann Comm Invest Cient Provo Buenos Aires, : 36 1979 Arrhenophagini, Krombein et 01., Hymen N America, : 929 Mandibles acutely pointed, but without teeth apically; scutellum never transverse; fore wing with m punctiform or absent; sl very short or absent; pm not developed; tarsi with 4-5 segments; Rhopoideus Howard with tarsal segments and Arrhenophagus AuriviIIius with tarsal segments were included here by Schmiedeknecht Arrhenophagus AuriviIIius 1888 1904 1909 1911 1915 1921 1924 1938 1951 1955 1957 1963 1963 1979 Arrhenophagus, Aurivillius, Ent Tidiskr., : 144 Arrhenophagus, Ashmead, Mem Carnegie Mus., (4) : 311 Arrhenophagus, Schmiedeknecht, Gen Ins., 97 : 260 Arrhenophagus, Girault, J.N Y ent Soc., 19 : 177 Arrhenophagus, Girault, J.N Y ent Soc., 23 (4) : 241 A rrhen ophagus, Mercet, Fauna Iberica, 51 Arrhenophagus, Timberlake, Proc Hawaii ent Soc., (3) : 433 Arrhenophagus, Mani, Cat Indian Ins., 23 : 97 Mymariel/a, Risbec, Mem Ins! Fr Afr Noire, 13 : 402 Arrhenophagus, Erdos, Beitr Ent., : 169 Arrhenophagus, Tachikawa, Japan J appl Ent Zoo!., : 135 Arrhenophagus, De Santis, Ann Com Inv Cient Provo Buenos Aires, 4: 36 Arrhenophagus, Agarwal, Z Parasitenk., 22 (5) : 394 Atthenophagus, Krombein et al., Hymen N America, : 929 Female: Head viewed in front subtriangular; frons long; eyes minute, rounded, glabrous; occiput excavate; mandibles acute apically, with one minute truncature or denticle in the inner border; ocellar triangle obtuse; maxillary palpi with segments, second segment stout and long; labial palpi with one segment; scrobe deep; antennae with scape, pedicel, annelli; club entire, truncate apically; male with segments Mesonotum entire; axillae contiguous or slightly separated large, scutellum subtriangular; propodeum very short; wings hyaline; speculum absent or obscure and interrupted; sm short; m and pm almost absent; sl present but short; tarsi with only segments; middle tarsus swollen apically; middle tibial spur acute, equal to or a little longer than metatarsus; middle metatarsus shorter than the terminal segment; hind tibial spur single Abdomen ovate, reduced posteriorly; ovipositor very short 1060 M.S MANI : FAUNA OF INDIA: CHALCIDOIDEA Male: Scape, pedicel, funicle of segments, club obscurely triarticulate, flagellum with long setae Type-species Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius KEY TO SPECIES A albitibiae Girault I Tibiae yellow Tibiae not yellow 2 Club obliquely truncate apically Club narrowly rounded apically A chiollaspidis Aurivillius A diaspidiatlls Agarwal ' , "" - - ""