Mènh ½å quan hè relative clause cho chÒng ta biät rÐ hïn ngõñi hay vât m¿ ngõñi nÍi muên nÍi tði: The woman who lives next door .... 'who lives next door' cho chÒng ta biät cÖ thæ hïn ng
Trang 1A HÁy xem máu cÝu:
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
relative clauses
Ngõñi phÖ nù sêng phÎng bãn cÂnh l¿ mît b¾c sË
Mènh ½å l¿ mît th¿nh phßn cÔa cÝu Mènh ½å quan hè (relative clause) cho chÒng ta biät rÐ hïn
ngõñi hay vât m¿ ngõñi nÍi muên nÍi tði:
The woman who lives next door ('who lives next door' cho chÒng ta biät cÖ thæ hïn ngõñi
phÖ nù n¿o ½ang ½õôc nÍi tði — ngõñi phÖ nù sêng ò bãn cÂnh)
People who live in London ('who live in London' cho ta biät rÐ hïn nhÍm ngõñi n¿o ½ang
½õôc nÍi tði — nhùng ngõñi sêng ò London)
Ta dÓng who trong c¾c mènh ½å quan hè khi nÍi vå ngõñi (khéng phÀi vå vât), who khi ½Í thay cho
he/she/they:
the women — she lives next door — is a doctor.
The women who lives next door is the doctor.
Ngõñi sêng ò phÎng bãn cÂnh l¿ b¾c sþ
we know a lot of people — they live in London
We know a lot of people who live in London.
ChÒng téi quen biät nhiåu ngõñi sêng ò LuÝn ½én
An architect is someone who designs buildings.
Kiän trÒc sõ l¿ ngõñi thiät kä c¾c céng trÉnh xÝy dúng
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
Ngõñi ½¿n éng ½Á cho bÂn mõôn tiån tãn l¿ gÉ vây?
Anyone who wants to do the exam must enter before next Friday.
Ai muên dú thi phÀi ½×ng kû trõðc thö s¾u tußn tði
BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng that thay vÉ dÓng who:
The man that lives next door is very friendly.
Ngõñi ½¿n éng sêng ò phÎng bãn cÂnh rÞt thÝn thièn
Nhõng ½éi khi bÂn phÀi dÓng who (khéng dÓng that) ½æ chÊ ngõñi — xem UNIT 94
B Khi chÒng ta nÍi vå ½ë vât, ta dÓng that hoÜc l¿ which (khéng dÓng who) trong mènh ½å quan hè:
where is the cheese? — it was in the fridge.
Trang 2 Where is the cheese that /which was in the fridge?
Miäng phé m¾t ò ½Ýu? — nÍ ò trong tÔ lÂnh
Miäng phém¾t trong tÔ lÂnh ½Ýu rëi?
I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings (hay stories which have )
Téi khéng thÈch nhùng cÝu chuyèn cÍ kät thÒc buën
Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines (hay a company which
makes )
Barbara l¿m vièc cho mît céng ty sÀn xuÞt m¾y giÜt
The machine that broke down has now been repaired (hay the machine which broke
down )
C¾i m¾y hÏng giñ ½Ýy ½Á ½õôc søa
That thõñng ½õôc dÓng hïn which Nhõng ½éi khi bÂn phÀi dÓng which (khéng dÓng that) — xem
UNIT 94.
C BÂn khéng thæ dÓng what trong nhùng cÝu nhõ dõði ½Ýy:
Everything that happened was my fault (khéng dÓng 'Everything what happened ')
MÑi vièc ½Á xÀy ra l¿ do líi cÔa téi
What = 'the thing (s) that':
What happened was my fault (= the thing that happened)
Nhùng gÉ ½Á xÀy ra l¿ do líi cÔa téi
D HÁy nhð rÙng trong c¾c mènh ½å quan hè chÒng ta dÓng who/that/which thay cho he/she/they/it
Ta nÍi:
Do you know the woman who lives next door? (khéng dÓng ' the woman she kives next door')
Anh cÍ quen ngõñi phÖ nù sêng phÎng bãn cÂnh khéng?
Trang 3A HÁy xem lÂi c¾c vÈ dÖ cÔa UNIT 91:
The woman who lives next door is a doctor (hay the woman that lives )
The woman lives next door.
who (= the woman) l¿ chÔ ngù
Ngõñi phÖ nù sêng ò phÎng bãn cÂnh l¿ b¾c sË.
Where is the cheese that was in the fridge? (hay the cheese which was )
the cheese was in the fridge.
that (= the cheese) l¿ chÔ ngù
Miäng phé m¾t ò trong tÔ lÂnh ½Ýu rëi?
BÂn phÀi dÓng who/that/which khi nÍ l¿ chÔ t÷ (subject) cÔa mènh ½å quan hè BÂn khéng thæ nÍi
“The woman lives next door is a doctor” hoÜc “Where is the cheese was in the fridge?”
B Nhiåu khi who/that/which l¿ tÒc t÷ (object) cÔa ½îng t÷ VÈ dÖ:
The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday.
I wanted to see the woman
who (= the woman) l¿ tÒc t÷ I l¿ chÔ t÷
Ngõñi phÖ nù m¿ téi muên gÜp ½Á ½i nghÊ rëi.
Have you found the keys that you lost?
You lost the keys
that (= the keys) l¿ tÒc t÷ you l¿ chÔ t÷
BÂn ½Á tÉm thÞy chÓm chÉa khÍa m¿ bÂn ½Á ½¾nh mÞt chõa?
Khi who/that/which l¿ tÒc t÷, bÂn cÍ thæ lõôc bÏ nÍ VÉ thä bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:
The woman I wanted to see was away hay The woman who I wanted to see
Ngõñi phÖ nù m¿ téi muên gÜp ½Á ½i vØng
Have you found the keys you lost? hay the keys that you lost?
BÂn ½Á tÉm thÞy chÓm chÉa khÍa bÂn ½¾nh mÞt chõa ?
The dress Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well hay The dress that Ann bought
Chiäc ¾o Ann ½Á mua khéng v÷a vði cé Þy lØm
Is there anything I can do? hay anything that I can do?
CÍ vièc gÉ téi cÍ thæ l¿m khéng?
Lõu û rÙng ta nÍi:
the keys you lost (khéng nÍi 'the keys you lost them')
the dress Ann bought (khéng nÍi 'bought it')
Trang 4C ChÒ û vÌ trÈ cÔa c¾c giði t÷ (in/at/with v.v ) trong c¾c mènh ½å quan hè:
do you know the woman? — Tom is talking to her
Do you know the woman (who/that) Tom is talking to?
Anh cÍ biät ngõñi phÖ nù m¿ Tom ½ang cÓng nÍi chuyèn khéng ?
the bed — I slept in it last night — wasn’t very comfortable
The bed (that/which) I slept in last night wasn’t very comfortable.
Chiäc giõñng téi nÙm ngÔ têi qua khéng ½õôc thoÀi m¾i lØm
Are these the keys (that/which) you were looking for?
#Ýy cÍ phÀi l¿ chÓm chÉa khÍa m¿ bÂn ½Á tÉm khéng ?
The woman (who/that) he fell in love with left him after a few weeks.
Ngõñi phÖ nù m¿ anh ta yãu ½Á bÏ anh ta sau v¿i tußn
The man (who/that) I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time.
Ngõñi ½¿n éng m¿ téi ngëi kä bãn trãn m¾y bay nÍi chuyèn liãn tÖc
Trong tÞt cÀ c¾c vÈ dÖ n¿y, bÂn cÍ thæ lõôc bÏ who/that/which.
Lõu û rÙng chÒng ta nÍi:
the books you were looking for (khéng nÍi 'the books you were looking for them')
nhùng quyæn s¾ch bÂn ½ang tÉm
D BÂn khéng thæ dÓng what trong c¾c cÝu giêng nhõ sau ½Ýy:
Everything (that) they said was true (khéng dÓng 'Everything what they said ')
MÑi ½iåu hÑ nÍi ½åu ½Òng cÀ
I gave her all the money (that) I had (khéng dÓng ' all the money what I had')
Téi ½Á ½õa cé Þy tÞt cÀ sê tiån m¿ téi cÍ
What = the thing(s) that:
Did you hear what they said? (= the things that they said)
BÂn cÍ nghe ½õôc hÑ ½Á nÍi gÉ khéng?
Trang 5A Whose
Ta dÓng whose trong mènh ½å quan hè thay cho his/her/their:
we saw some people — their car had broken down.
We saw some people whose car had broken down.
ChÒng téi thÞy mÞy ngõñi bÌ hÏng xe
Whose chÔ yäu dÓng vði ngõñi:
A widow is a woman whose husband is dead (her husband is dead)
Mît quÀ phÖ l¿ mît ngõñi phÖ nù cÍ chëng bÌ chät
What’s the name of the man whose car you borrowed? (you borrowed his car)
Ngõñi ½¿n éng m¿ bÂn mõôn xe tãn l¿ gÉ?
A few days ago I met someone whose brother I went to school with (I went to school with
his/her brother)
V¿i ng¿y trõðc ½Ýy téi gÜp mît ngõñi cÍ em trai t÷ng hÑc chung vði téi
HÁy so s¾nh whose v¿ who:
I met a man who knows you (he knows you)
Téi ½Á gÜp mît ngõñi ½¿n éng cÍ biät anh
I met a man whose sister knows you (his sister knows you)
Téi gÜp mît ngõñi ½¿n éng cÍ ngõñi em g¾i biät anh
Whom cÍ thæ thay cho who khi nÍ l¿ tÒc t÷ cÔa ½îng t÷ trong mènh ½å quan hè (giêng nhõ c¾c cÝu
trong UNIT 92B):
The woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday (I wanted to see her)
Ngõñi phÖ nù m¿ téi muên gÜp ½Á ½i nghÊ hÄ
BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng whom vði mît giði t÷ (to whom/from whom v.v ):
The woman with whom he fell in love left him after a few weeks (he fell in love with her)
Cé g¾i m¿ anh ta yãu ½Á bÏ anh ta sau v¿i tußn
Nhõng ta khéng thõñng dÓng whom Trong khàu ngù tiäng Anh, ta thõñng dÓng who hoÜc that, hay
khéng dÓng cÀ hai (xem UNIT 92) VÉ thä chÒng ta thõñng nÍi:
The man I saw hoÜc The man who/that I saw (Ngõñi ½¿n éng téi ½Á thÞy )
The woman he fell in love with hoÜc The woman who/that he fell in love with (Ngõñi phÖ
nù m¿ anh ta yãu )
Vå whom, hÁy xem c¾c UNIT 94, UNIT 95.
Trang 6C Where
BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng where trong c¾c mènh ½å quan hè ½æ nÍi tði mît ½Ìa ½iæm:
the hotel — we stayed there — wasn’t very clean.
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
Kh¾ch sÂn nïi chÒng téi ½Á ò khéng sÂch sÆ lØm
I recenttly went back to the town where I was born (hay the town I was born in hoÜc the
town that I was born in.)
Mði ½Ýy téi cÍ trò vå thÌ trÞn nïi m¿ téi ½Á sinh ra
I would like to live in a country where there is plenty of sunshine.
Téi thÈch sêng ò vÓng quã nïi cÍ nhiåu ¾nh nØng mÜt trñi
D Ta nÍi: the day/the year/the time (.v.v ) something happens hoÜc that something happens:
Do you still remember the day (that) we first met?
BÂn cÎn nhð ng¿y chÒng mÉnh gÜp nhau lßn ½ßu tiãn khéng?
The last time (that) I saw her, she looked very well.
Lßn cuêi cÓng m¿ téi thÞy cé Þy, cé Þy tréng rÞt khÏe
I haven’t seen them since the year (that) they got married.
Téi chõa gÜp hÑ t÷ n×m hÑ cõði nhau
Ta nÍi: the season something happens hay that/ why something happens:
The season I’m phoning you is to invite you to a party (hay The season that I’m phoning /
The season why I’m phoning )
Lû do téi ½Á gÑi ½ièn thoÂi cho anh l¿ ½æ mñi anh ½än dú tièc
Trang 7A CÍ hai kiæu mènh ½å quan hè Trong c¾c vÈ dÖ sau, c¾c mènh ½å quan hè ½õôc viät kh¾c m¿u HÁy so s¾nh:
Kiæu 1
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
Ngõñi phÖ nù sêng ò phÎng bãn cÂnh l¿ mît b¾c sË.
Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines.
Barbara l¿m vièc cho mît céng ty sÀn xuÞt m¾y giÜt.
We stayed at the hotel (that) Ann recommended to us.
ChÒng téi nghÊ ò kh¾ch sÂn m¿ Ann ½Á giði thièu cho chÒng téi.
´ nhùng vÈ dÖ trãn, mènh ½å quan hè cho ta biät ngõñi hay vât n¿o ngõñi nÍi muên ½å câp tði:
“The woman who lives next door” cho ta biät ngõñi phÖ nù n¿o ½ang ½õôc nÍi tði.
“a company that makes washing machines” cho ta biät rÐ hïn vå nh¿ m¾y.
“The hotel (that) Ann recommended” cho ta biät rÐ hïn kh¾ch sÂn n¿o ½ang ½õôc nÍi tði.
Vði nhùng mènh ½å loÂi n¿y ta khéng dÓng dÞu phày (,) :
We know a lot of people who lives in London.
ChÒng téi quen biät nhiåu ngõñi sêng ò London.
Kiæu 2
My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor.
Em trai Jim cÔa téi, ngõñi ½ang sêng ò London, l¿ mît b¾c sË.
Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
Colin nÍi vði téi vå céng vièc mði cÔa mÉnh m¿ anh Þy rÞt thÈch.
We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.
ChÒng téi nghÊ ò kh¾ch sÂn Grand, nïi m¿ Ann ½Á giði thièu vði chÒng téi.
´ nhùng vÈ dÖ trãn, c¾c mènh ½å quan hè khéng cho bÂn biät ngõñi hay vât n¿o ngõñi nÍi muên
½å câp tði, bòi chÒng ta luén biät vât hay ngõñi n¿o ½ang ½å câp #Í l¿ “My brother Jim”,
“Colin's new job” v¿ “the Grand Hotel” Mènh ½å quan hè trong c¾c cÝu n¿y cung cÞp cho chÒng ta théng tin ½Üc bièt n¿o ½Í (extra information) vå ngõñi hay vât ½ang ½õôc nÍi tði.
Ta dÓng dÞu phày (,) vði c¾c mènh ½å loÂi n¿y:
My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor.
ThÙng Jim em téi, hièn sêng ò London, l¿ mît b¾c sË.
B Trong cÀ hai kiæu mènh ½å quan hè, chÒng ta dÓng who ½æ chÊ ngõñi v¿ dÓng which ½æ chÊ vât.
Nhõng:
Trang 8Kiæu 1
BÂn cÍ thæ dÓng that:
Do you know anyone who/that speaks French and Italian?
BÂn cÍ biät ngõñi n¿o nÍi ½õôc tiäng Ph¾p v¿ tiäng @ khéng?
Barbara works for a company which/that washing machines.
Barbara l¿m vièc cho mît céng ty sÀn xuÞt m¾y giÜt.
BÂn cÍ thæ lõôt bÏ that/who/which khi nÍ l¿ tÒc t÷ (xem UNIT 92)
We stayed at the hotel (that/which) Ann recommended.
ChÒng téi nghÊ ò kh¾ch sÂn m¿ Ann ½Á giði thièu.
This morning I met somebody (that/who) I hadn’t seen for ages.
S¾ng nay téi gÜp mÞy ngõñi m¿ téi ½Á khéng gÜp trong nhiåu n×m.
Ta thõñng khéng dÓng whom trong c¾c mènh ½å quan hè loÂi n¿y (xem UNIT 93B)
Kiæu 2
BÂn khéng thæ dÓng that:
John, who (not that) speaks French and Italian, works as a tourist guide.
John, ngõñi nÍi ½õôc tiäng Ph¾p v¿ @, l¿m hõðng dán viãn du lÌch.
Colin told me about his new job, which (not that) he’s enjoying very much.
Colin nÍi vði téi vå céng vièc mði cÔa anh ta m¿ anh ta rÞt thÈch.
BÂn khéng thæ lõôc bÏ who hoÜc which:
We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.
ChÒng téi nghÊ ò kh¾ch sÂn Grand, nïi m¿ Ann ½Á giði thièu cho chÒng téi.
This morning I met Diane, whom (hoÜc who) I hadn’t seen for ages.
S¾ng nay téi gÜp Diane, ngõñi m¿ ½Á nhiåu n×m nay téi khéng gÜp.
Trong cÀ hai kiæu mènh ½å quan hè chÒng ta cÍ thæ dÓng whose v¿ where:
Kiæu 1:
We met some people whose car had broken down.
ChÒng téi ½Á gÜp mÞy ngõñi bÌ hÏng xe.
What’s name of the place where you spent your holiday?
Nïi anh ½Á ½i nghÊ cÍ tãn l¿ gÉ vây?
Kiæu 2:
Amy, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood.
Amy, ngõñi bÌ hÏng xe, ½Á rÞt ch¾n nÀn.
Trang 10A Giði t÷ + whom/which
Trong c¾c mènh ½å “extra information” (xem UNIT 94 - kiæu 2) bÂn cÍ thæ dÓng giði t÷ trõðc whom
(chÊ ngõñi) v¿ which (chÊ vât) Vây bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:
to whom/with whom/about which/for which v.v:
Mr Carter, to who I spoke on the phone last night, is very interseted in our plan.
«ng Carter, ngõñi ½Á cÓng téi nÍi chuyèn ½ièn thoÂi têi qua, rÞt quan tÝm ½än kä hoÂch cÔa chÒng ta
Fortunately we had a map, without which me would have got lost.
May mØn l¿ chÒng téi ½Á cÍ mît c¾i bÀn ½ë, bÙng khéng chØc chÒng ta ½Á bÌ lÂc
Trong tiäng Anh ½¿m thoÂi chÒng ta thõñng ½Üt giði t÷ sau ½îng t÷ trong mènh ½å quan hè Khi ½Í ta
thõñng dÓng who (khéng dÓng 'whom') :
This is Mr Carter, who I was telling you about.
#Ýy l¿ éng Carter, ngõñi m¿ téi ½Á nÍi vði anh
Yesterday we visited the City Museum, which I’d never been to before.
Hém qua chÒng téi ½Á tði th×m bÀo t¿ng th¿nh phê, nïi trõðc ½Í téi chõa bao giñ tði
B All of /most of + whom/which
XÃt c¾c thÈ dÖ sau:
Mary has three brothers All of them are married (2 cÝu)
Mary has three brothers, all of whom are married (1 cÝu)
Mary cÍ ba anh em m¿ tÞt cÀ ½Á lÞy vô.
They asked me a lot of questions I couldn't answer most of them (2 cÝu)
They asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer (1 cÝu)
HÑ ½Á hÏi téi nhiåu cÝu hÏi m¿ phßn lðn téi ½Á khéng trÀ lñi ½õôc.
Tõïng tú bÂn cÍ thæ nÍi:
none of/neither of/any of/either of
some of/many of/much of/ (a) few of + whom (chÊ ngõñi)
both of /half of/each of/one of/two of (.v.v.) + which (chÊ vât)
Tom tried in three jackets, none of which fitted him.
Tom ½Á thø ba c¾i ¾o vÃt, khéng c¾i n¿o trong sê ½Í v÷a vði anh Þy cÀ
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.
Hai ngõñi ½¿n éng, cÀ hai ngõñi trõðc ½Ýy téi chõa t÷ng thÞy, ½Á bõðc v¿o v×n phÎng cÔa téi
They’ve got three cars, two of which they never use.
HÑ cÍ ba c¾i xe hïi, hai c¾i trong sê ½Í hÑ chõa dÓng tði bao giñ
Unit 95 Relative clauses (5)
Trang 11C Which (khéng dÓng what)
XÃt vÈ dÖ sau:
Jim passed his driving test This surprised everybody (2 cÝu)
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody (1 cÝu)
Jim ½Á ½âu kü thi l¾i xe #iåu n¿y ½Á l¿m ngÂc nhiãn mÑi ngõñi.
Vièc Jim ½Á ½âu kü thi l¾i xe, ½Á l¿m ngÂc nhiãn mÑi ngõñi.
Trong vÈ dÖ n¿y, which = vièc anh Þy ½Á ½âu kü thi l¾i xe BÂn phÀi dÓng which (khéng dÓng what)
trong c¾c cÝu giêng nhõ vây:
Sheila couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity (khéng dÓng ' what was a pity')
Sheila ½Á khéng thæ ½än dú tièc, ½Í l¿ ½iåu ½¾ng tiäc
The weather was very good, which we hadn’t expected (khéng dÓng ' what we hadn't
expected')
Thñi tiät rÞy ½Çp, mît ½iåu m¿ chÒng téi ½Á khéng mong ½ôi
Vå what, xem thãm UNIT 91C v¿ 92D.