Nghiên cứu đặc điểm sinh học và khả năng nhân giống cá ong căng terapon jarbua (forsskal, 1775) vùng ven biển thừa thiên huế tt tiếng anh

HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION LE THI NHU PHUONG RESEARCHING ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPAGATION ABILITY OF Terapon jarbua Forsskål, 1775 IN COASTAL AREAS OF THUA THI

HUE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

LE THI NHU PHUONG

RESEARCHING ON BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPAGATION

ABILITY OF Terapon jarbua ( Forsskål, 1775) IN COASTAL AREAS OF THUA THIEN HUE

THESIS SUMMARY

HUE, 2019

The work was completed at THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, HUE UNIVERSITY

Science instructors:

1 Assoc Prof Dr Vo Van Phu

2 Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Quang Linh

Reviewer 1:

Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:

The thesis was defended at the Council of thesis assessment of Hue University: Council held at: 4 Le Loi Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, at… on … /… /201…

The thesis can be further referred at:

1 National Library

2 Center for Information and Library of College of Education, Hue University

Marine-orgin Terapon Jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) belongs to the

family of Teraponidae and locates in set of Perciformes entered the lagoon and estuarine and coastal areas

In many recent years, natural resouces in the estuarine and coastal areas are being over-fished and not put in master plan that have been leading to serious ecological consequences such as destroying the habitat of many species, declining biodiversity and reducing the benefits of valuable - exploited objects, specially

Terapon jarbua

Prior to the demading of aquaculture and management of the

benefits of T Jarbua in coastal and lagoon areas of Thua Thien Hue,

intensive research on the biological characteristics and fertility of the

T jarbua to proceed to artificial breed production that aims to be

proactive in providing stable and quality breed sources for aquaculturists, contributing to species conservation and development

Hence, we choosed this topic research: "Researching on biological

characteristics and propagation ability of Terapon Jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) in coastal area of Thua Thien Hue."

1 Necessary of the research

Through the first steps of surveying the recent researches on T

Jarbua’s family in generally and on T Jarbua both worldwide and in

Vietnam in particular, as well as exploiting and fishing T Jarbua in

Vietnam, the research topic was selected for these following reasons:

- In the world, the studies of the family of T Jarbua in generally and

of T Jarbua in particular mainly focused on biological

characteristics, distribution and its habitat

- Some studies of T Jarbua in Vietnam mainly focus on description,

distribution, some biological characteristics, there has not been any study focused on artificial reproduction

- T Jarbua is considered to have many prospects for growing in the

lagoon area of Thien Thien Hue because of its good resistance, energy, commercial value, high nutritional value, and being flavored

by many people However, aquaculture of T Jarbua has not been

developed as its potential prospect because of shortage of breeding source, and especially, artificial produced breeds to supply large quantities for demanding Hence, the study of biological

characteristics and breeding capacity of T Jarbua has contributed to

the aquaculture in Thua Thien Hue province

2 Research objectives

- Comprehending and identifying the biological characteristics of the

T Jarbua in the coastal area of Thua Thien Hue

- Exploring the propagation ability of T Jarbua: testing some

appropriate kinds of sex hormones, sexual stimulants to exalt

reproduction of T Jarbua, researching on the growth of T Jarbua

alevin and on technical methods to grow breeds from the alevin period to fingerlings

3 Research contents

- Researching the biological characteristics of T Jarbua:

characteristics of growth, nutrition and reproduction

- Using the different sex hormones and sexual stimulants to axalt T

Jarbua in the process of artificial reproduction and the growth of T Jarbuas'embryo

- Researching to rear the T Jarbua from alevin stage to breeding

stage in distinctive levels of salinity and kinds of food

- Building up process of breeding T Jarbua

4 The scientific and practical significances of the subject

- Aspects of science:

+ This thesis is to contribute to providing complete data on the

biological characteristics of T Jarbua

+The reseach is to ascertain some types and doses of sex stimulants,

stimulants for artificial breeding in T Jarbua Techniques to grow

breeds from the alevin stage to fingerling stage and to breedings

- Practical aspects: The conclusions about the biology and

techniques of the production of T Jarbua breeds will be an important

source of documents for the improvement and development of the production of breedings and growing breeds, to proactively supply breeds for aquaculture, diversifying objects and aquaculture models, contributing to sustainable development of aquaculture in coastal areas

5 Contribution of dissertation

- For the first time, providing basic and complete documents on biological characteristics, especially reproductive characteristics of

Terapon jarbua in coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue province

- Providing artificial breeding process of Terapon jarbua to breed

proactively in problem of fish cultivation in coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue

6 The layout of the thesis

In addition to the appendix, the thesis is presented in 109 pages, the layout includes the following sections:

Preface

Content: Three chapters

Chapter 1: Document overview

Chapter 2: Subject, location, time and methods of reseaching

Chapter 3: Result and conclusion

Summary and suggestion

References

Appendix

Chapter 1

THE DOCUMENT OVERVIEW

Teraponidae family in worldwide has about 52 species in 16 varieties Their contribution is mainly in the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific

Some documents show that studies of T Jarbua mainly focused

biological characteristics, distribution and its habitats

Especially, the correlation between length and weight of

Terapon jarbua has been studied by many authors in India, Taiwan,

Thailand, and Pakistan, etc These studies showed that the fishes grew rapidly in length in early period while in the post period fish increased rapidly in weight, along with common adaptability of many tropical coastal fishes

The studies on nutrition of T jarbua have many views

depending on the natural conditions of each studying area but they all confirmed that the large-size fish group has a wider food spectrum than the small-size one

Studies on characteristics of reproductive biology of T jarbua

concentrated on developmental period of gonads, absolute reproductive capacity, relative reproductive capacity, GSI coefficient and breeding season Through studies, it can be seen that the

reproductive capacity of T jarbua is relatively high, the breeding

season is mainly in the period of Spring - Summer

In Vietnam, Teraponidae family is recorded with 8 species, 4 varieties, mainly distributed in estuaries and coastal areas The studies on Teraponidae family mainly focused on classification and biological characteristics (anatomy, growth, development, nutrition, reproduction, )

In a number of domestic studies on classification and ecology, species of Teraponidae family are identified as commercial fish It can be seen that Teraponidae family has a few species In the most areas, two common species are T jarbua, T theraps According to

the above studies, it can be seen that the T Jarbua has a wide

distribution area and distributed in rivers, estuaries, coastal area and

in the saline water area as well

In Vietnam, the studies on Teraponidae family and Teraponidae family mainly focused on composition of spieces, identifying Teraponidae family including economic-value fish The

research focused mainly in some estuarine, coastal areas The study

of biological and ecological characteristics still seems to be still limited, mainly in the central coastal provinces A number of studies

on experiments to preserve genes and researches for conservation and sustainable development have been undertaking

In general, in Vietnam, studies of artificial reproduction of marine fish are conducted mainly in coastal areas and objects are almost economic-value fishes In order to reproduce artificialy, the authors used sex hormone stimulants such as hypophysis of fish, HCG, LHRHa + Dom, Ovaprim with different doses

Currently, there has not been any study specializing in

exploration of propagation ability of Terapon jarbua in Vietnam

published in prestigious domestic and international magazines Therefore, the study on biological characteristics, exploration of propagation ability of- Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) is very essential to improve the artificial production process of breeds as well as supplying the breed source for aquaculture in our country

Chapter 2 OBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 2.1 Objects, period and place of research

T Jarbua (Forsskål, 1775) (picture 2.1) is located in

classification system of chordata

- Species: Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)

- Common names: Cá Căng, Cá Ong căng or cá Căng cát

- English Name: Target Fish or Crescent Perch

- Synonyms:

Scianena Forsskål, 1775

Holocentrus jarbua Forsskål, 1775

Therapon jarbua Forsskål, 1775

Figure 2.1 Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)

2.2 Research period

The project was carried out from May 2015 to December

2017, in which field surveys and sample collection were conducted

in two years from September 2015 to August 2017; The experiments

of exploring the artifical reproduction in Terapon jarbua was

conducted simultaneously with sampling and using the previous data

of the State-level scientific topic of Genetic Fund by Assoc Dr Nguyen Quang Linh chaired, and the author was a member

2.3 Research place

2.3.1 Location of collecting specimens

Throughout the study areas, we selected 10 locations for collecting but Tam Giang lagoon and Hai bridge area has complex habitats, so there were 6 research sites selected In the coastal area of Thua Thien Hue, we placed the study sites about 3 kilometers from the shoreline, that was about 20 meters of the average depth, suitable for near-shore fishing vessels, the experimental specimens were fresh and favorable benefit of studying the growth of collected fishes (Figure 2.2)

(Source: Google map)

Figure 2.2 Locations of collecting the researching specimens

2.3.2 Places for analyzing the research specimens

Laboratory of Incubation Center and Technology Transfer Center; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biology, University of Science, Hue University

2.3.3 Locations for exploiring breeding capacity

Breeding and artificial reproduction experiments were conducted at the Center for Aquaculture Practices and Internship, Research and Development Institute; Huy Son Breeding Farm in Phu Thuan Commune, Phu Vang District, Thua Thien Hue Province 2.4 RESEARCH METHODS

2.4.1 Diagram of the research

2.4.2 Research methods in the field

We collected fish specimens by fishing directly with fishermen or buying them at boats, fish stations, markets along the lagoon and along the coastal areas of Thua Thien Hue The collected

specimens of Terapon jarbua were fresh to measure weight and

length, take scales, anatomy, The total number of collected specimens during the researching period were 720

Collecting specimens for the growth research: processed the

collected fish as soon as they were fresh, measured body-length index (L and L0) and weighed scales (W and W0) of the fishes

Collecting of specimens for nutrition research: fish-specimens

were operated on as soon as they were alive to observe the intestines and had been on surgery to take food in the digestive tracts Then, shaping the food in 4% formol liquid or 70O alcohol liquid We defined the food

composition of T Jarbua in each month in the year and in fish size groups

Collecting of specimens for reproduction research: collected

fish specimens were on anatomy to determine the weight and

periods of sexual maturity of T Jarbua gonads about morphology

following a 6-step scale of K.A Kisisevits (1923), then fixed in Bouin liquid and making specimens used in researching the cytology

of gonads of T Jarbua

2.4.3 Research methods in Laborary room (Lab):

2.4.3.1 About the criteria of mornology classification

Measuring classification criteria based on Pravdin‟s guide papers of researching on fish (1973)

2.4.3.2 Research on growth

Determining the length-weight correlation: The length-weight

correlation of the T Jarbua was indicated by the growth equation of

W a L

Determining age: Using scales to determine the age of the T

Jarbua

Growth rate: Using the method of Rosa Lee (1920) to

determine the level of length growth of T Jarbua with the formula:

t t

W W e  

2.4.3.3 Research on nutrition

Ascertaining components of feeding: food was separated

from in-research fishes‟ guts and stomaches in diferent size groups Observing under the microscope or magnifier loupe double eye glasses Drew observed specimens of food in used glasses‟s slide in order to classify morphology of each group (taxon) and categorized into groups

Nutrition spectrum analysis: ascertaining nutrition spectrum of

T jarbua by using the method of Mass spectrometry of Biswas (1993)

Ascertaining the intensity of catching grey of fish: relying on

the stomach capacity in gastrointestinal tract of fishes to evaluate the intencity of catching grey Stomach capacity was measured by the satiety level of research subjects Confirming the satiety of stomach and guts in scale of five (from level 0 to 4) of Lebedev

Ascertaining the coefficient of fat: using Fulton‟s methods

(1902) and Clark (1928) to confine Terepon jarbua’s coefficient of fat

2.4.3.4 Research on reproduction

Researching reproduction of research subjects was conducted by using common methods of Fish Physiology using in laboratory (Lab) of Pravdin (1973), Sharech (1990), Micheal King

(1995) and Quentin Bon (2008)

2.4.4 Exploring the ability of breeding of T jarbua

2.4.4.1 Selecting some schools of fishes to conduct artificial reproduction

2.4.4.2 Influences of food on the ability of sexually mature

2.4.4.3 Exploring the ability of fertility

Conducting 02 experiments on fertility stimulation methods

by injecting two drugs LRH-A3 (μg /kg) +DOM (3mg/kg) and HCG

in accordance with the dosages as the below table

Table 2.1 Categories & Concentration of reproductive

stimulants in Terapon jarbua

Experiment 1: Research on the influences of different types of

feedings on survival rate from alevin stage to fingerling stage

Experiment 2: Research on the influences of salinity on the survival

rate from from alevin stage to fingerling stage

2.4.4.5 Research the process of rearing from fingerlings to breeds Experiment 1: Research on the influences of many types of feedings

on length growth and survival rate of the fish from 15 to 40-day age

Experiment 2: Research on the influences of salinity on length

growth and survival rate of the fish from 15 to 40-day age

2.4.5 Data processing methods

Processing and analyzing the data obtained from the experiments with the software Minitab version 16.2.0:

Using the Microsoft Excel 2010 program to draw diagram representing the results, the monitored criteria during the experiment

Chapter 3 RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 BIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS OF T JARBUA

3.1.1 Growth characteristics

3.1.1.1.Length and weight correlation

In the process of growth and development of fish, the increase in length and in body weight were related Due to

analyzing 720 specimens of T Jarbua in the coastal area of Thua

Thien Hue, we confirmed that the correlation between the length and weight of fish populations, length and weight of fish was depended on age group While young fishes in the age group 0+ had the smallest length of 34.0mm and fishes with the largest length of 117.0 mm, the corresponding weight from 0.40 to 20.4 g were mature fishes, in group 4+, the smallest length was 245.0 mm and the largest was 327.0 mm, with the corresponding weight was 220.5 g and 547.0 g The age group 1+ had the length of 72.0 - 210.0 mm, the corresponding weight to 8.6 - 212.4 g The age group 2+ had the length ranging from 100.0 to 285.0 mm and length from 23.0 to 310.5 g The age group 3+ had the length ranging from 200.0 to 297.0 mm, the weight was from 116.9 to 542

g

The results of the research showed that, like other fish species,

T Jarbua had a growth of length and weight over the years,

however, in each age group, the length -weight correlation varied by gender (except for 0+ age group) In the age group 1+, the male fish had a longer length than the female (151.0 mm and 149.0 mm), in contrast, in the age groups 2+, 3+, 4+ females were longer than male ones

Based on the formula of Beverton - Holt (1956), the analysis

of the research results showed that: The length -weight correlation of

T Jarbua uphearals following the exponential functions Based on

the obtained data of length and weight, the parameters of the

correlation equation between the length and weight of T Jarbua was

2 3,018

W 1,3335.10 L  and 2

0,84

R  in (Figure 3.1)

Figure 3.1 diagram of the length - weight correlation

of T Jarbua

3.1.1.2 Age structure

The results of scale analysis of T Jarbua in the coastal area

of Thua Thien Hue identified populations of T Jarbua with 5 age groups In which, the lowest age group was 0+, the highest was 4+ Based on the number of individuals in each age group to determine the age structure of the population Accordingly, the age 2+ group had the highest number of individuals, accounting for 46.0% The next was the age 3+ group with the number of 23.6% The age 1+ group accounted for 13.5% of individuals The two groups of fish with the lowest number were group 0+ and group 4+ with the rate of 9.3% and 7.6%, respectively

3.1.1.3 Sex ratio

The rate of sex in the age groups had changed Individuals who had not been sexually difference were only found in the 0+ age group, accounting for 9.4% The age group 4+ had the largest ratio of males / females (1: 1,2), following by age group 1+ and age group 3+ with the ratio of 1: 1.16 and 1: 1.15 respectively The age group of 2+ had the lowest male / female ratio (1: 1.06) In general, the percentage of male females was not much different, females accounted for a higher rate than males The results of this study were similar to the results of

the research of T Jarbua in Quang Binh by Le Thi Nam Thuan

equation is 8.6 mm That was the size of the fish at the beginning of the formation of scales Rosa Lee (1920)‟s the „back calculating‟

equation of Terapon jarbua growth process could be written:

The parameters showed that T jarbua could reach a maximum weight

of 1,132.0 g, corresponding to a maximum length of 346.08 mm

3.1.2 Nutrition characteristics

3.1.2.1 Food ingredients

The analytical results showed that the composition of T

Jarbua was quite diverse, including 28 types of food belonging to 8

different aquatic groups and organic residue humus Among them, the predominant was types of Arthropoda (accounting for 21.43%), followed by Silica (accounting for 17.86%), Annelida and Vertebrate fauna with the ratio of 14.29%, Cyanobacteria and Mollusca occupy 10.71%, organic residue humus accounted for 3.57%

3.1.2.2 Intensity to catching prey

3.1.2.2.1 Intensity of catching prey over time

From the obtained results, comments could be made: T

Jarbuas catched prey over months of the year but with different

intensity In March and May that was the most possitive intensity In the dry season, fish catches more actively than the rainy season This could be related to water temperature and nutrient requirements for sexual maturity

3.1.2.2.2 Together with the gonad development

T Jarbua's gonad developed through 6 stages Every stage of

development of the gonads was related to the process of nutrient accumulation, energy This could be shown in relation of the satiety

of the fish and the development of each stage of sex maturity 3.1.2.2.3 To age group

The research results on the intensity of feeding of fish by each age group showed that fish stomach and intestines in five age groups have different levels of satiety (table 3.12) This proved that the fishes catched aggressively (digestive tubes were full of food) From fish in the age group of 0+ to 2+, the intensity increased along