Advances in agronomy volume 10

jr u< OU_1 58850 CO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY H *** * Call No i 5*/ Author W CT>VUll^ r" Ie ^ Accession 6y NX t) fl w This book should be returned on or befbr Ahe date last V 16 marked betow ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY VOLUME X ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY Prepared under the Auspices of tlie AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY VOLUME x Edited by A (i University of MicJiigan, NORMAN Ann Arbor, Michigan ADVISORY BOARD J E DAWSON H f E GIESEKING K W P MARTIN II W PEARSON W S1MONSON C F M SPRAGUE TYSDAL 1958 ACADEMIC PRESS INC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK Copyright 1958 by Academic Press Inc ALL HIGHIS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS ACADEMIC PRESS I\C 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK library of Crm^rm I'RINlfcl) IN 3, N ^ Catalog Card Number- 50-5598 THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME W X GHEPIL, Soil Scientist, Western Soil and Water Management Branch, United States Department of Agriculture, Kansas State College, Man- S hattan, Kansas N T COLEMAN, Professor of Soils, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina C M DONALD, Head, Department of Agronomy, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia GEORGE H DUNCAN, Professor Emeritus, Department of Agronomy, Uni- of Agronomy and versity df Illinois, Urbana, Illinois LEONARD Soils, E ENSMINGER, Soil Chemist, Alabama Department Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, Alabama A L HAFENRICIITER, Plant Materials Technician (West), Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oregon II and Requirements Section, and Water Management Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort R HAISE, Acting Head, Irrigation Practices Western Soil Collins, Colorado JACK R HARLAN, Geneticist, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, State University, Stillwatcr, and Professor Oklahoma of Agronomy, Oklahoma E G HEYNE, Professor of Agronomy, Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas J G HIDE, Professor of Soils, Department of tana State College, Bozeman, Montana Agronomy and Soils, Mon- HOWARD V JORDAN, Soil Scientist, Eastern Soil and Water Management Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, United States De- partment of Agriculture, State College, Mississippi E KAMPRATH, Director, Soil Testing Division, North Carolina Stale College, Raleigh, North Carolina J CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME X Vi KNOWLES, Associate Professor P F of Agronomy, University of California, Davis, California A L LANG, Professor of Soil Fertility, Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois M M MORTLAND, Associate Professor in Soil Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan WERNER L NELSON, corporated, West Midwest Manager, American Potash Institute In- Lafayette, Indiana R V OLSON, Head, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State College, Manhattan, Kansas J W PENDLETON, Urbana, Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Illinois, Illinois H, F RHOADES, Professor of Agronomy, Soils Division, The University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska H A RODENHISER, Assistant Administrator, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D C STAKMAN, Collaborator, Plant Pest Control Division, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Special Consultant for Agriculture for the Rockefeller Foundation De- E C partment of Plant Pathology and Botany, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota GEORGE STANFORD, Chief, Soils and Fertilizer Research Branch, Division of Agricultural Relations, Tennessee Valley Authority, Wikon Dam, Alabama C G STEPHENS, Head, Soil Survey and Pedology Section, Division of Soils, Commonwealth tion, Adelaide, S Scientific and Industrial Research Organiza- South Australia WEED, Assistant Professor of Soils, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina B LEROY H ZIMMERMAN, Research Agronomist, Agricultural Research Service, Field Crops Research Branch, United States Department of Agriculture, and University of California Experiment Station, Davis, California AUTHOR INDEX 538 Vakih, N G., 160, 165 Van den Honert, T H., 495, 522 van der Marel, H W., 116, 117, 141 Van Horn, D L., 271, 273, 276, 279, 283, 288 Van Itallie, T B., 308, 323 Van Schreven, D A., 325, 347 P., 483, 522 501, 518 Vanselow, A Vengris, J., Viehmeyer, G., 19, 20, 44, G3 Weber, G L., 354, 405 Weber, J R., 421, 434 Weibel, R O., 258, 273, 288 Weihing, R M., 110, 113, 114, 137 Weintraub, F C., 405 Weiss, J., 336, 347 Welch, C D., 511, 522 Wells, J V B., 27, 64 Welton, F A., 458, 473 Wessels, P H., 456, 473 Westin, F C., 42, 43, 44, 63, 66 Viets, F G., Wetstone, D M., 489, 519 Wheeler, W A., 350, 355, 357, 358, 359, Volk, G W., 100, 123, 138, 140, 510, 516, 364, 368, 369, 379, 384, 391, 396, 399, 405, 406 White, E W., 264, 265, 270, 273, 288 Whitfield, C J., 32, 65 Jr., 41, 66, 492, 522 Vlamis, J., 497, 499, 503, 522 Voigt, G K., 335, 348 520 Volk, R., 100, 141 Volkers, Von W S., 495, 522 Kursell, C., 302, 323 482, 522 Stieglitz, C R., 224, 256 von Schachtschabel, Von P., C; C., 248, S., 43, 45, 53, 64, 66, 489, 522 Whittaker, C W., 516, 517, 520, 521 Wicklander, L., 483, 485, 486, 522 Wickstrom, G A., 76, 139 Wiebe, H H., 496, 522 Wiegner, G., 522 Wilbanks, J A., 87, 141 W Wade, Whitney, R 23d Wadleigh, C H., 44, 66 Wagner, G H., 101, 141 E., 96, 97, 147, 353, 405 Wakefield, R C., 114,141 Wagner, R Waksman, S A., 335, 336, 348 Walker, H M., 497, 499, 522 Walker, L C., 77, 141 Walker, R B., 497, 499, 522 Wallace, A., 493, 501, 521, 522 Wallace, R W., 446, 473 Waring, C J., 241, 256 Waring, E J., 290, 323 Warner, J D., 446, 473 Warner, R M., 405 Watanabe, F S., 45, 65, 106, 107, 108, 110, 139, 141 Waterhouse, W L., 158, 165 Watkins, W L, 8, 66 Watson, I A., 160, 165 Watson, J A S., 112, 113, 141 Weakly, H E., 38, 42, 66 Wear, J., 507, 522 Weaver, J C., 10, 66 Weaver, J E., 436, 473 Webb, J J., 442, 471 Webb, J R., 80, 107, 139, 141 Wilcoxson, R D., 160, Wild, A S., 247, 256 Wilde, S A., 335, 348 76'4, 765 Wilkins, M J., 492, 495, 521 Willard, C J., 352, 406 Williamon, P S., 446, 447, 47-3 Williams, B H., 8, 66 Williams, C., 212, 213, 214, 254 Williams, C B., 439, 456, 473 Williams, C G., 458, 473 Williams, C H., 208, 213, 214, 222, 256 Williams, D E., 310, 323, 487, 488, 518, 519 Willis, C P., 479, Willis, Willis, Willis, 519 G W., 51, 63 W W H., 339, 348 472 406 O., 463, 465, Wilsie, C P., 358, 368, Wilson, B D., 419, 434 Wilson, J H., 227, 256 Wilson, H K., 150, 164 Wilson, R D., 241, 256 Winsor, G W., 78, 141 Winter, G., 296, 302, 312, 323 Winters, E., 45, 66, 109, 139 Wisniewski, A J., 77, 139 AUTHOR INDEX Wiltner, S Wofford, Wood, Wood, I H., 100, 141 M., 446, 473 L K., 117, 118, 137 R R,, 43, 65 Woodhouse, W W., Jr., 513, 514, 522 Woodle, H A., 446, 447, 473 Woodroffe, K., 208, 256 Woodruff, C M., 514, 522 Woodruff, N P., 60, 63, 66 Woods, J E., 353, 357, 374, 394, 400, 406 Woodworth, C M., 273, 288, 437, 453, 455, 457, 467, 471 Woolfolk, E J., 353, 375, 397, 405 276, 288 Worzella, W W., 44, 66 Wright, K E., 496, 503, 522 Wylie, A P., 304, 322 Wyllie, M R J., 488, 489, 521 Woringcr, P., 539 York, E T., 91, 141 Young, G J., 329, 348 Young, R E., 286, 288 Younts, S E., 72, 89, 141 Yunger, J A., 452, 471 Zeleny, L., 309, 323 Zettlemoyer, A C., 329, 348 Zich, W 55 L H., 265, 266, 269, 271, 273, 275, 288 Zingg, A W., 6, 57, 61, 66 J A., 508, 522 Zook, L L., 37, 42, 64, 66, 463, 473 Zoellner, Zuber, M Zubriski, Yien, C H., 44, 64 Yoest, K L., 488, 489, 521 R., Zimmerman, S., J 454, 473 C., 33, 43, 06, 128, 129, 141 Zurakowski, W., 458, 466, 473 Zweigart, P A., 310, 323 Subject Index soil placement, 340-341 mechanisms sorption, Agrostis alba, Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron Agropyron desertorum, 374, 397 elongatum, 392 inerme, 397 intermedium, 374 riparium, 400 397 375 sibiricum, smithii, trachycaulum, 394 trichophorum, 374, 397 326-327 Astragalus cicer, 395-396 Alfalfa, Australia, requirements, 44, 122 seeding in corn fields, 464-465 fertilizer climate, 169-173 history of fertilizer use, sulfur requirement, 410-411, 414-415, 428 use in conservation, 368-369, 374, 377, 386, 388-389, 395, 399 acid swamp soils, 187 aeolian sands, 187 classification Alternaria blight, 278 Alternaria carthami, 317 199 fen, 195 Alternaria ricini, 278 genetic factors gray, 199 alluvial, 186-187 black earths, 193-195 brown, 199 Aluminum, plant toxicity, 503-505 and description, 185- and fertility, 177-185 krasnozems, 191-192 grass, 360, 400 lateritic podzols, 188-190 red earths, 192-193 major element deficiency, 205-227 minor element deficiencies, 227-250 Ammonia, lateritic anhydrous, 77, 78, 103, 131 residual eifect, 333, 200-205 land use, 170-173 soils of Alopecurus arundinaceus, 395 Alopecurus pratensis, 395 Alophane, 479 Alsike clover, 370, 381 American beach of, Ammophila arenaria, 400 Ammophila breviligulata, 360, 400 Andropogon caucasicus, 380 Andropogon gerardi, 380 Andropogon halli, 379 Andropogon ischaemum, 381, 383, 399 Andropogon nodosus, 385-386 Andropogon scroparius, 385 Andropogon sp., 377 358-359 338 sorption by soils, 338, 340-341 effect of organic matter in soil, nitrogen deficiency, 205-207, 213- 330- 335, 339-340 on plant growth, 344-345 on plant nutrients, 342-343 on soil structure, 343-344 fixation, 330-335, 339-340 Hgnin reactions, 331-335 nonbiological oxidation, 335-336 reactions with soil constituents, 216 petrology and geomorphology, 173- 177 327- 337 phosphorus deficiency, 205-213 podzols, 187-191 red-brown earths, 198-199 rendzinas, 195 response to fertilizer, 179-185, 205250 soil 540 landscape, 173-200 SUBJECT INDEX soil map, 200-201 solodized, 196-197 terra rosa, Axonopus 54J 385 Buffalograss, 17, 22, 380, 383-384 Buffelgrass, 193 affinis, 364 Calcium, ammonia on, 343 function in plant, 491-493 effect of Bahiagrass, 364 Barberry, 144, 161 Barrel medic, 203 Beach pea, 400 Beardless wheatgrass, 397 Bentonite, reaction with leaching from 490-491 497-502 soil, plant absorption, relation to nitrate absorption, 492 Caley pea, 369 Caribgrass, 365 ammonium, 328-330 Carpetgrass, 364 Bermudagrass, 364, 369, 380-381, 386, Carthamus 391-392 Black grama, 398-399 Castorbean, Blue grama, 17, 19, 385, 484 Bluegrass, big, 397 bulbous, 395 canary, 395 tinctorius, 290 acreage, 260, 276-277 adaption, 277-280 botanical description, 261-264 breeding, 271-275 character inheritance, 265-27 282-286 Kentucky, 358-359, 391 Blue lupine, 370 Blue panicum, 383, 391-392 culture, Bluestem, 17, 21, 377 growth requirements, 278-279 oil crop, 258-287 tonnage consumed, 258-260 Angleton, 385-386 Caucasian, 380 little, 385 diseases, 277-278 and allergenic 276 varieties, 280-282 toxic sand, 379, 385 Turkestan, 383, 399 Boer lovegrass, 398 Botrytis cinerea, 317 Bouteloua curtipendula, 379, 399 Bouteloua eriopoda, 398-399 Bouteloua gracilis, 385 Bromegrass, 358, 393-394, 401 field, cytology, 264 360 meadow, 395 industrial uses, 259 Cation exchange capacity, methods of analysis, 477-480 exchange capacities, 498 Chloris gayana, 365 soil Corn, change smooth, 373, 374, 378, 389, 391 distribution of plants 398 275- Castor oil, annual consumption, 259 mountain, 394 prairie, 391 soft chess, properties, in plant characters with high population rates, 451-458 and yield, 458- 465 Bromus arvensis, 360 Bromus carinatus, 401 Bromus catharticus, 365, 391 Bromus erectus, 395 Bromus inermis, 358, 373 Bromus mollis, 398 effect of population Brush control, 20 Bitchloe dactyloides, 380, 385 formulas for determining correct plant population, 468-469 val, on tassel-silk inter- 455-456 fertilizer, 5, 92, 99, 101, 104, 112, 114, 116, 123, 124, 126, 127, 134 for maximum treatments, yield, 446-451 436-440 513 SUBJECT INDEX maximum grain production population, 443-446 in relation productivity, 435-473 relation of population and ducing efficiency, to soil 400 Eragrostis curvula, 360, 365, 383 Eragrostis lehmanniana, giain-pro- 440-442 response to high level of tivity, mollis, Eragrostis chloromelas, 398 population plant Elymus soil 398 Eragrostis superba, 399 Eragrostis trichodes, 376, 379 produc- 436-440 yjeld as related to kind of corn, 460- 467 as related to season length require- Eriochola polystachya, 365 Krosion control, water, 26-28, 349-406 wind, 56-62 Furopean beachgrass, 400 ment, 465-466 Coronilla varia, 362 Cotton, sulfur requirement, Cotton root 427 Fertilizer, 278 rot, Arizona, 399 Crimson clover, 367, 369, 387, Crop, response to fertilizer, 399 71-72, 74-7,"), 99, 109, 126, 128, 134 Crop rotation, 29, 33, fertili/er 37 requirements, 115 Crotalaria mucronata, 370 Crotalmia spertabilis, 370 Crotalarius, anhydrous ammonia, 77, 78, 103, 131 application, 92 broadcast application, 97, 114 comparative costs, 131 effect on root growth, 72, 81, 89, 124, 129 band Cottontop, 370 toliar application, liquid, 100 132 loss by erosion, 113, 118 requirement analysis, 73-77 sulfur content, 420, 430 Fertilizing, Crown rust of oats, 159-160 Crown vetch, 362 Cynodon dactylon, 364, 391-392 of legume-giass land, 95, 114, 116, 120, 125 umgclands, 19 Fescue, 393-394 chewings, 360 hard, 400-401 Dactylis glornerata, 202, 357, 390 Dallisgiass, 365, 369 Dcnitrification, 101 Digitaria dccumbens, 365 Idaho, 400-401 ied, 360, 400 sheep, 395 Donnan equilibrium, 482-483, 485 Double-layer theory, 482, 48 tall, 358, 366, 367-368, 376, 378, 390 Festuca arundinacca, 358, 366, 390 Fettnca duriuscula, 400-401 Dropseed grass, sand, 399 Fe&tuca idahoensis, 400-401 Festuca ovina, 395 Duggar root rot, 278 Dunegrass, American, 400 Festuca rubra, 360, 400 Festuca rubra commutata, 360 Foxtail, 376, 395 creeping, 395 meadow, 376, 395 Elymub tanadcn&is, 359-360 Ely mus condensatus, 395 Elynws giganteus, 400 Elymns jnnceus, 374-375 Capon equation, 484-485 Giant wild-rye, 395 543 SUBJECT INDEX Gibberella saubinetti, 437 Grass (see also individual grasses), Ion exchange, equilibria formulations, 20 irrigation, production of seed, 17-18, 44 types for soil and water conservation, 351-355, 372 Crag mold, 277-278, 317 acreage irrigated in Great Plains, 48 crops of Great Plains and, 42-43 fertilizer relation, 101, 127, 130 methods used in Great Plains, 51-54 nitrogen loss due to, 38 of pasture land, 20 sulfur content of water, 419 Great plains, acreage, field crops, 10 irrigated, 483-484 Irrigation, 48 Agriculture Council, agronomic trends and problems, climate, 162 control of runoff, 26 corn population for maximum 445-446 field crops, 7-15 grasses and legumes region, 377-381 yield, Japanese lawngrass, 360 Johnsongrass, 365, 369 tor the central 372-377 382-387 irrigation practices, 20, 42-43, 47-56 nitrogen level of soils, 36, 39, 42-43 pasture crops, 15-23 range crops, 15-23 for the northern region, for the southern region, revegetation of rangelands, 17, 21 soils, 7-8 of, fertility problems, 36-46 phosphorus level, 39, 42-43, 45 potassium level of soils, 40 wind erosion, Kaolin, permanent 485 electrical charge, 478-479, Kaohnite, absorption of anions, 480 ammonium sorption, 330 exchange capacity, 485 Kikuyugrass, 401 Korean lespedeza, 362, 368, 381 Kudzii, 362, 367 5662 Green manures, 37 Ladino Lana Hairy indigo, 370 Hairy vetch, 362, 369, 386 Hardinggrass, 397-398 "Hidden hunger," 75 Hop clover, 369 Hordeum jubatum, 146 clover, 368-369, 381, 392 399-400 Lathyrus hirsutus, 369 Lathyrus maritimus, 400 Leaf spot, bacterial, 278 vetch, Legumes, sulfur requirement, 413-415 types for soil and water conservation, 351-355, 372 Legume-grass, fertilizing, 95, 114, 116, 120, 125 Indiangrass, 17, 22, 379, 385 Lehmann Indigofera hirsuta, 370 Ion absorption, 494-497 Lespedeza cuneata, 362, 367-368 Lespedeza stipulacea, 362, 368 Lespedeza ttriata, 362, 368 active, 494-495, 496 495-497 495-497 free space, passive, lovegrass, 398 Lignin, reaction with ammonia, 331-335 544 SUBJECT INDEX Lime, Nitrobacter agile, 345 on molybdenum, 507-508 evaluations of materials, 516-517 field response, 510-514 movement in soils and leaching 490-491 plant response, 502-508 tests for requirements, 514-515 Liming, 415-522 effect on corn roots, 437 on soil microbiology, 508-509 on sulfur retention, 417-418 Nitrogen, effect factors due application times, 103 loss, 476-491 soil factors relation, italicum, 391 perenne, 202, 366, 391 subulatum, 398 Lotus corniculatus, 361-362, 392-39.} Lotus tennis, 392 Magnesium, function in plant, 493-494 leaching loss from soil, 490-491 plant absorption, 497-502 relation to phosphorus, 493 Manganese, plant toxicity, 504-505 203 Milkvetch, cicer, 395-396 Millet, brown top, Oatgrass, 393-394 Oat stem rust, 158-160 leaf rust, 151 Orchardgrass, 357, 366, 368, 389, 390, 391, 393-394, 396 Panicum antidotah-, 383, 391-392 Panicum purpurascens, 365 Panicum ramosum, 365 Panicum virgatum, 359, 370, 379 Paragrass, 365 Paspalum dilatatum, 365 Paspalum notatum, 364 Paspalum wvillei, 365 Pennisetum ciliare, 383 Pennisetum clandestinum, 401 Pennisetum purpureum, 386, 401 Phalaris arundinacea, 359, 395 Phalaris t stenoptera, 397-398 Phleum pratense, 357-358, 394-395 Phosphorus, 507-508 Montmorillonite, 330 exchange capacity, 485 ammonia 343 417-418 fertilizer sources, 80-87 relation to magnesium, 493 residual effects, 88, 105, 109 response to lime, 108, 122 Phymatotrichum omnivorum t 278 Phytophthora drechsleri, 293, 317 effect of Molybdenum, sorption, 410 crop response, 71, 75, 109 Mitochondria, 492, 495 ammonium sulfur ratio, application time, 114 365 relationship to lime, 7779 Pangolagiass, 365 Lotus uliginosus, 396 Lupinus angustifolius, 370 Lupinus luteus, 370 tribuloidcs, sources, Vitrosomonas europaea, 345 Orange multiflorum, 366 Medicago fertilizer phosphate relation, 81 residual value, 100 response to lime, 121 50Q-510 to lime, plant factor relations, 491-509 Lolium Loliwn Lolium Lolium crop response, 71, 126, 128, 134 effect of calcium on uptake, 492 on on, sulfur retention, Plant breeding, 271-275 Napiergrass, 386, 401 castorbean, Needlegrass, green, 37,5-376 rust resistance, safflowcr, 149-151 300-302 545 SUBJECT INDEX Russian wild-rye, 374-375, 376 Ryegrass, 366, 368, 391, 398 Plant nutrient, effect of ammonia on, 342-343 Plant test, fertilizer requirement, 74-77 Plant toxicity, of aluminum, 503-505 Safflower, acreage and production, 290-293 botany, 296-300 of manganese, 504-505 Poa ampla, 397 Poa bulbosa, 395 Poa canbyi, 395 Poa pratensis, 358-359, 391 cyto-taxonomy, 303-307 313-318 290-293 genetics, 300-303 industrial uses, 307-310 disease resistance, distribution, Potassium, crop response, 71-72, 99-100 effect on calcium and magnesium, 505- 506 moisture requirements, fertilizer sources, fixation of, 88-91 116 relation to calcium uptake, response to lime, 123 293295 310-312 soil requirements, 295-296 varieties, 319 Sand dropseed, 399 Sand lovegrass, 17, 22, 376, 379, 384, 385 Sclerotinia rictm, 277-278 Sebacic acid, 259 Seed production, castorbean, 282-286 of grass, 18, 44 Sericea lespedeza, 362, 367-368, 386 oil 492 time of application, 99, 118 Potatoes, potassium requirement, 99 Pueraria thunbergiana, 362, 366 Puccinia carthami, 313 Puccinia coronata var avenae, 159 Puccinia glumarum var tritici, 159 Puccinia graminis var tritici, 143, 150 Puccinia rubigo-vera var tritici, 150 content, Sideoats grama, 17, 22, 379, 384, 385, 399 Soils, ammonia acid, application, 333, 338- 339 fertilizer application, Red clover, 360-361, 370, 377, 381, 387, 389 Australian, 106, 108, 122 173-200 calcareous, fertilizing of, 78, 88, 105 Redtop, 358-359 exchange capacity, 476-481 Reed canarygrass, 359, 395 Rescuegrass, 365, 367-368 f-values, Rhamnus spp., 486 of Great Plains, 7-8 measurement of pH, 160 Rhizoctonia solani, 317 permanent Rhodesgrass, 365 sulfur content, 275-276 Ricinine, 275-276 water capacity, 126 Ricin, 73-77 and water conservation, grasses and legumes for, 349-406 calcium requirement, 491-492 ammonia on, for the central Great Plains region, 344 377-381 of sulfur on, 412 for exchange capacity, 501-502 fertilizer effect, 415-418 Soil Roots, Rose clover, 399 Rough pea, 367 487-490 charge, 478-481 testing of, Ricinus communis, 258, 261 effect of electrical 72, 81, 89, the northeastern region, 356- 362 124, 129 for the northern Great Plains region, 372-377 for the southeastern region, 363-370 546 SUBJECT INDEX for the southern Great Plains region, 382-387 for the western region, 387-401 Sorghastrum nutans, 379 Sorghum, 11, 20, 41, 43, 45 Sorghum halepense, 365 Sporobolus cryptandrus, 379 St Augustinegrass, 365 Trifolium procumbens, 369 Trifolium repens, 202, 203, 368-369, 392 Trifolium repens latum, 392 Trifolium sulitctraneum, 202-203, 396 Uicn, 100 Stcnotaphrwn secundatum, 365 Striate lespedeza, 362, 368 Strip cropping, 60 Stiporyzopis grass, 376-377 Sttpa viridula, 375-376 Vaseygrass, 365 Subterranean clover, 202-203, 214, 396, 399 Sulfur, adsorption, 416-418 amino acid synthesis and, 410-111 animal nutrition and, 409-410 Vegetable crops, sulfur requirement, 413 Vicia dasycarpa, 399-400 Vicia pillosa, 362, 369 W crop requirements, 413-415 deficiency, known areas of, Weed 424430 symptoms of, 411-412 i.unfall and irrigation water content., 418-419 removal from soil, 421-423 role in plant metabolism, 408 412 in soil fertility, 407-434 soil content, 415-418 uptake and translocation, 415 uptake of atmospheric, 420 Sulfur cycle, 423 Summer effect, 26 lovegrass, 360, 365, 383 Wheat, fertilizing, 95, 100, 129 Creat Plains, 9, 13 sulfur requirement, 413-414 water requirements, 25 Wheatgrass, 394 crested, 17, 20, 21, 24, 374, 376, 380, 397 intermediate, 374, 380, 389 pubescent, 374, 397 fallow, practice of, 24, 58 release of sulfur during, Suspension control, 20, Weeping 397 394 strcambank, 400 tall, 376, 381, 392 Siberian, 416 slender, 487-488 Sweetclover, 377, 381, 386 Switchgrass, 17, 22, 359, 376, 378, 379, 384, 385 western, 17, 19, 375, 378, 380 Wheat stem rust, biotypes of race 15B, 154-156 Timothy grass, 357-358, 394-395, 396 race 15B, 143-164 virulence of, 152-154 Trefoil, big, 396 broadleaf birdsfoot, 361-362, 392-393, 396, 400 narrowleaf birdsfoot, 392 Trichachne californica, 399 Trifolium hirtum, 399 Trifolium incarnatum, 369 chemical control, 163 percentage loss due to, 153 race 15, 144 389, White clover, 203, 368-369, 381, 387, 392 Wildrye, 400 Canada, 359-360 Wilman lovegrass, 399 Wimmera ryegrass, 398 547 SUBJECT INDEX Y Wind erosion, 56 Woody plant control, 22 Yellow lupine, 370 Woollypod vetch, 390 Z X Xanthomonas ricinicola, 270, 278 Zoysia japonica, 360 ... resulting in heavy precipitation in the Plains According to Thorn thwaite (1941) severe rainstorms anywhere in the Plains may bring as much as a third of the average annual precipitation in a single... Introduction Principles Relating to III Liming Practices II References Author Index Subject Index Liming Soils S B WEED 475 476 510 517 523 540 AGRONOMIC TRENDS AND PROBLEMS IN THE GREAT PLAINS... befbr Ahe date last V 16 marked betow ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY VOLUME X ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY Prepared under the Auspices of tlie AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY VOLUME x Edited by A (i University of