Advances in agronomy volume 09

_l C/) > !|OU_1 58851 OSMANIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Call Na bS&iti W A" Author KAenryvav Tale ^^TOUA^LS, Tills , Accession Q (sy ,U Na flL book should be returned on or before the date last marked below ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY VOLUME IX ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY Prepared under the Auspices of the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY VOLUME Edited by A G University of Michigan, IX NORMAN Ann Arbor, Michigan ADVISORY BOARD G H J W E P AHLGREN R GIESEKING R W PEARSON W SIMONSON G F MARTIN H B SPRAGUE SPRAGUE 1957 ACADEMIC PRESS INC NEW YORK PUBLISHERS Copyright 1957, ACADEMIC PRESS Ill by INC FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK 3, N Y All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: (50-5598) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AUTHOR INDEX Moore, C W E., 38, 65 Morgan, C G., 8, 29 McCalla, T M., 159, 175 McCarthy, G., 118, 156 McCullough, M E., 129, MacDaniels, L J., 130, 135, 156 69, 73, 91 MacDonald, W P., 68, 92 McHargue, J S., 64 W Maclntire, McKee, H., 106, 111 R., 116, 117, 123, 145, 147, 153, 156 McKibben, E G., 161, 174 McKinney, R S., 43, 61 MacLachlan, D S., 88, 92 McLean, J G., 89 McMiller, P R., 253, 288 McNair, A D., 124, 156 Maize, P., 33, Maloney, M., 63 36, 64 Mancini, F., 239, 287 Manil, G., 240, 287 Marbut, C F., 235, 241, 242, 243, 251, 256, 267, 268, 273, 278, 287, 288 Marignan, R., 52, J P., 49, 61 97, 105, 110, 112 S., Maximowicz, Meldrum, H Meloy, G C 114, 156 J., R., 206, S., 16, Melsted, S W, G., 36, 64 51, 63 Mercier, W Merrill, S., Jr., 52, Meyer, D., 216 29 Menzel, R Metcalfe, D 156 B., 124, S., 88, 63 93 44, 63 Midgley, A Morris, H D., 124, 125, 127, 128, 156 Morrison, F B., 128, 129, 135, 156 Moss, H C., 266, 288 Mowry, H., 48, 57, 63 Miickenhausen, 288 237, 238, 252, 273, E., Muhrer, M E., 130, 156 Muir, A, 233, 288 Muir, J W., 234, 288 Mukherjee, J N., 100, 112 Mulder, E G., 43, 63 Mullison, W R., 76 Munster, J., 89, 92 Murgoci, G M., 220, 221, 258, 259, 288 Murphy, P A., 83, 92 Musierowicz, A., 226, 229, 256, 288 Mussehl, F E., 131, 154 N Mason, D D., 8, 29 Mather, K., 201, 202, 204 Mattson, Morrill, L G., 49, 63 62 Marshall, C E., 100, 112, 125, 127, 156 Marth, P C., 71, 92, 93 Martin, 297 R., 97, 103, 111 Mikhailovskaia, O., 226, 288 Milbrath, J A., 71, 82, 92 Nair, K R., 188, 203 Nakai, T., 114, 156 Nason, A., 40, 41, 63 Neganov, A., 226, 288 Nelson, C E., 38, 58, 65 Nelson, J L., 51, 63 Nelson, W L., 6, 10, 29, 162, 163, 164 Neugebaur, V., 266, 280, 288 Neville, W K, 135, 156 Newman, R J., Nicholas, D Noll, J J., J 33, 63 D., 55, 61, 63 278 Norman, A G., 83, 91 Novak, V., 224, 288 Nygard, I J., 253, 288 Miller, G D., 130, 157 Miller, R B., 97, 99, 105, 110, 112 Millikan, C R., 43, 49, 56, 63 Mills, R G., 134, 156 Minarik, C E., 83, 92 Miscenko, N F., 163, 174 Mitchell, B., 234, 288 Offutt, M S., 122, 124, 141, 155, 156 Oldewurte, H A., 40 63 Olmstead, C K, 73, 92 Olphen, H van, 104, 112 Olson, F R., 133, 157 Mitchell, R L., 54, 63, 233, 288 Orden, L., 42, 64 Osborne, D J., 72, 92 Osterli, V P., 88, 92, 93 Mooers, C A., 118, 139, 156 Oudin, A., 239, 288 Mitchell, J., 266, 288 AUTHOR INDEX 298 Overstreet, R., 36, 62, 108, 109, 111, 112 Ozanne, P G., 37, 64 Ramann, E., 217, 218, 219, 221, 234, 235, 288 Rampton, H H., 260, 262, 286 Ramsdell, V H., 69 Pack, F C., 43, 61 W Paden, Page, R., 125, 127, J B., 156 Raney, 159, 165, 173, 174 W A., 159, 175 Rao, C R., 179, 204 Raulin, J., 33, 55, 64 Pahaut, P., 240, 288 Pallmann, H., 239, 288 Pang, T S., 49, 64 S., 102, 112 Ray, A., 100, 112 Rayner, D S., 59, 62 Reed, A D., 88, 91, 92 Ravikovitch, Parker, E H., 161, 162, 164, 174 Parks, W L., 48, 52, 65 Passey, B L, 55, 62 Reed, H Patterson, H D., 199, 204 Reed, Paver, H., 100, 112 Pecrot, A., 240, 288 Reed, J F., 54, 64 Reifenberg, A., 101, 112 Peech, M., 46, 64 Reuther, R., 37, 64 Reuther, W., 46, 62 Peevy, F A., 133, 156 Penman, H L., 173, 174, 175 Perkins, A T., 97, 100, 112 Perry, E P., 163, 175 Pesek, Peterson, Phillips, M L., 88, W H., W M., Richards, S Pierre, 93 Pieters, A J., Riecken, F F., 245, 258, 259, 260, 288, 289 88, 93 115, 117, 124, Roberg, M., 44, 64 Roberts, A., 36, 64 135, 141, 143, 144, 157 Piper, C S., 53, 54, 64 Pitner, J., Plummer, 138, Roberts, A N., 82, 93 Roberts, E R., 47, 64 Roberts, J L., 133, 157 Robertson, L S., 161, 175 Robertson, R N., 108, 112 215, 216 Robinson, G., 234, 287 Robinson, G W., 231, 232, 288 B E., 88, 93 Potter, G F., 52, 63 Powers, L., 141, 155 Powers, W L., 49, 64 Pratt, A D., 135, 156 Robinson, H F., 141, 148, 150, 152, 153, 156 Robinson, R R., 164, 170, 173 Rodriguez, J G., 140, 157 Pratt, P F., 105, 108, 112 N 0., 128, 157 Pridham, A M S., 82, 93 Price, Rogers, H., 139, 157 Rogers, L H., 48, 57, 64 Proctor, R R., 161, 175 Propst, L M., 40, 63 Rojas, B., 200, 204 Rosow, N., 227, 288 Puri, A N., 163, 175 Rubins, E J., 103, 109, /// Rush, R M., 54, 64 Rusoff, L L., 130, 157 Pyfrom, H., 79 Russell, E Quinlan- Watson, T A Quintin, M., 46, 47, 61 159, 161, 175 Ricker, P L., 114, 116,^57 136, 156 156 P., 153, 154, 156 H., 125, 127, 156 W W J., Richardson, L T., 88, 92 Pickett, E E., 128, 136, Pierce, 58, 64 Richards, L A., 159, 175 Petersen, R G., 125, 156 Pfander, 40, 41, 43, 56, 62, 64 161, 165, 171, 174, 175 Riceman, D S., 33, Rich, A E., 88, 93 211,216 J., S., 35, I F., F., 43, 64 Russell, E 175 J., 231, 288 W., 100, 112, 159, 163, 165, AUTHOR INDEX Russell, G C., 101, Russell, M B., 112 159, 160, 161, 299 F., 225, 288 Snedecor, G W., 177, 182, 183, 204 Snell, C T., 53, 54, 64 Smolik, L 165, 174, Snell, F D., 53, 54, 64 H J., 128, 157 Sommer, A L., 33, 55, Specht, A W., 44, 64 Snider, Sack, H S., 163, 166, 173 64, 65 Sadisvan, V., 41, 64 Sandal, P C., 147, 157 Speer, R Sandell, E B., 53, 54, 64 Scarsbrook, C E., 162, 163, 174 Spurrier, E C., 134, 155 Stabler, L M., 68, 93 Staker, E V., 45, 40, 64 Scarseth, G D., 6, 29 Scheele, L A., 8, 29 Schindler, A K., 114,^57 Seath, D M., 130, 157 Sekera, G., 74, 91 Selby, J., 100, 112 Sell, E., 135, 156 36, 64 J., Spencer, V E., 106, 112 Stanford, G., 206, 216 Starostka, R W., 108, 112 Stebutt, A., 221, 225, 259, 266, Steckel, J E., 108, 111 Steeves, T A., 72, 93 Sellke, M., 236, 288 Stefanovits, P., 289 Stephens, E P., 253, 289 Sequeira, L., 72, 93 Stephens, Shafer, N E., 85, 86, 89, 93 Shaw, B T., 161, 165, 174, 175 J L., 124, 133, 135, 136, 149, 157 Stephenson, R E., 106, /// J., 106, 111 Shaw, C F., 163, 175, 281, 288 Shaw, E., 36, 46, 55, 64 Sterges, A Shear, C B., 43, 64 Sherman, G D., 64 Stewart, A Stewart, R., 106, 112 Shiha, K., 45, 64 Shoji, K., 71, 93 Stine, C., 16, Shrader, W D., 259, 288 Sibly, P M., 38, 39, 41, 42, 65 Sieling, D H., 97, 100, 111, 112 Simonson, R W., 245, 260, 264, 286, 288 W C., 166, 175 Skelton, D W., 132, 157 288 W Stevenson, Stiles, Stitt, H., 163, 175 J., 163, 175 34, 54, 64 W., 29 R E., 126, 127, 146, 147, 150, 151, 152, 157 Stobbe, P C., 252, 289 Stokes, C M., 171, 174 Skogley, C R., 88, 93 W K, 126, 127, 133, 155 Stone, A A., 161, 162, 175 Stout, P R., 36, 46, 50, 56, 62, 63, 103, Skrdla, Skoog, F., 39, 40, 42, 64, 73, 93 W H., 133, 155 Small, J K., 114, 157 Stremme, H., 235, 236, 238, 252, 273, 283, 284, 289 Smeltzer, D G., 86 Strew, S W., 91 Smith, A L., 149, 157 Smith, C B., 43, 64 Struthers, P H., 97, 112 Smith, F L., 85, 86 Smith, F W., 173, 175 Smith, G D., 245, 258, 259, 260, 288, Sukhatme, P Siri, 289 Smith, H F., 185, 204 Smith, J P., 98, 111 Smith, P E., 86, 93 Smith, P F., 37, 44, 64 Smith, R Smith, R Stokes, 112 Stuckey, H P., 141, 157 V., 181, 204 Suneson, C E., 87 Swaby, R J., 55, 62 Swaine, D J., 44, 45, 64 Swanson, C L W., 243, 245, 256, 286 Swanson, E W., 130, 131, 157 Swenson, R M., 97, 112 W J., 87 Swets, S., 163, 174 Swingle, A., 71, 74, 75, 76, 93 H S., 8, 29 AUTHOR INDEX 300 Van Van Sylwester, E P., 88, 89, 92 Szucs, L., 289 Tamm, O., 230, Eseltine, G P., 143, 157 Overbeek, J., 42, 65, 68, 93 Vanselow, A P., 37, 49, 56, 62 Veihmeyer, F J., 163, 171, 175 Vergnano, O., 44, 63 Viertzmann, W., 89, 92 289 Viets, F G., Jr., 32, 34, 38, 49, 58, 60, Tang, R C-W., 85, 93 Tascherimacher, W., 236, 289 Tavernier, R., 240, 246, 248, 289 61, 65 Vilensky, D., 221, 225, 289 Viro, P J., 55, 65 Taylor, A L., 149, 157 Taylor, E M., 163, 175 Taylor, L V., 55, 61 Vlasyuk, P A., 45, 65 Volk, G M., 214, 216 Vovk, A, J Vomocil, 175 Taylor, S A., 159, 173,^75 Taylor, T H., 133, 155 Tedrow, J C F., 244, 245, 287 163, 166, 167, 169, 170, R., 266, 280, 288 Teller, E., 103, 111 W Templeman, W G., 83, 91 Terman, G L., 88, 95 Tharp, W H., 68, 77, 93 Thirnan, K V., 39, 65 Wadleigh, C H., 159, 175 A., 180, 204 Wald, Thomas, R O., 75 Thompson, A H., 57, 64 Thompson, D J., 180, 204 Thompson, H E., 88, 93 Walkley, A., 54, 65 Wallace, A., 45, 55, 65 Walsh, T., 234, 287 Thompson, W R., 128, 157 Thorne, D W., 32, 33, 34, 45, Wann, Walwood, V 46, 47, 48, 50, 55, 63, 64, 65, 105, 108, 112 Thorne, P C L., 47, 64 Thorp, J., 242, 243, 245, 252, 256, 268, 280, 281, 286, 289 Tingey, D Tolhurst, Toth, C., J 91 A H,, 55, 61 S J., 46, 52, 65, 97, 111, E., 101, 111 Truscott, J H L., 209, 216 Tsui, C., 40, 41, 42, 65 Tucker, T C., 51, 56, 65 W D., 105, 111 E., 163, 175 Ulrich, R., 12, 29 Umbreit, W W., Watson, E., 185, J R., Jr., 204 163, 166, 175 Wear, J I., 46, 55, 65 Weathers, E K., 125, 128, 136, 157 Weaver, H A., 162, 164, 165, 174 Webb, J R., 191, 202, 204 J C, 149, 150, 152, Went, F W., 39, 65 Werner, H O., 88, 89, 93 Wells, White, E M., 259, 289 White, J L., 100, 111 White, R F., 191, 204 Whitside, E P, 273, 286 U Uhland, R D., 33, 34, 61 J Wassorn, C West, E S., 48, 65 Wester, H V., 71, 93 Wey, R., 101, 112 Tullis, E C., 87, 93 Turner, 65 Warner, Weintraub, R L., 83, 92 Welch, C D., 6, 10, 29 Treitz, P., 225, 235, 289 Truog, 112 T., 74, 77, 91, 92, 93 F R., 32, 33, 34, 46, 48, 50, 64, Whitt, C D., 100, /// 41, 65 Wiggans, S C., 88, 93 Wiklander, L., 110, 112 Wild, A., 95, 106, 112 G, 40, 65 Vahtras, K., 97, 105, 110, 112 Wildman, S van Ravel, C H M., Wilensky, P., 226, 15, 29 289 153, 156, 157 AUTHOR INDEX 301 Wilk, M B., 187, 190, 204 Wilkens, H L., 135, 150, 157 Willard, C J., 86, 92 Williams, A H., 87, 93 Woodhouse, Williams, C H., 38, 65 Williams, E G., 110, 112 Wu, Williams, I L., 161, 162, 175 Williams, R F., 74, 93 Willis, A P., 82 Wilsie, C P., 144, 157 Wilson, C C., 35, 46, 62, 65 Wilson, C M., 10, 29 Wilson, K B., 197, 203 Wilson, T V., 15, 29 Wiltse, M G., 85, 93 Winterberg, S H., 106, 111 Winters E., 48, 52, Wright, Wright, W W., 125, 133, 156, 157 A., 161, 173 45, 65 183, 202, 204 J R., S., C H., 48, 64 Yamaguchi, Yarwood, C S., 73, E., 43, 93 65 Yates, F., 181, 184, 187, 190, 192, 199, 204 Yeager, J H., 16, 29 Yoe, J H., 54, 64 65 Wittwer, S H., 71, 93 Wolf, F T., 74, 93 Wolf, S E., 141, 155 Woltz, S., 46, 52, 65 Wood, J G., 38, 39, 41, Wood, W A., 41, 65 Woodbridge, C Work, R 42, 65 G., 38, 65 Zaag, D E., van der, 89, 93 Zherdetskaya, G N., 105, 112 Zimina, V A., 45, 65 Zimmerman, L H., 86 Zimmerman, P W., 82, Zuber, M S., 185, 204 93 Subject Index zinc deficiency in, 33 zinc uptake by, 36 Base-rich soils having a (B), Abscission, 68 cell division and, 70 leaf, 68-69, see also Defoliation description, rate of, factors regulating, 71 Beans, 73, 207, 212 desiccation of, 85-86 disease resistance, zinc arid, 43 zinc deficiency in, 32, 33, 49 ff substances accelerating, 72 retarding, 73-74 zone of, zinc uptake by, 49 68 Beets, Agricultural trends, in the Old Cotton Belt, 249-252 occurrence, 252 morphological changes accompanying, 69-71 physiology of, 71-74 212 desiccation, 89 1-29 production of iron deficiency optimum Agronomy, 177-203 analysis of causality, 183 Alfalfa, 10, 207, 208, 212, 213 desiccation, 88 application of statistics in, 44 sugar, 207 factors influencing, 10-17 air space for, 72, 173 yield, effect of potash on, 211 of salt on, 211 to, zinc -deficiency in, 32 control of, 58 effect of fertilizer on longevity, 208 growth on zinc-deficient soils, 56 Birdsfoot trefoil, prevention of zinc deficiency in fruit trees by, 56 Black zinc deficiency in, 32, 38 Boll weevil, effect on cotton crops in Old Cotton Aluminum compounds, desiccation, 88 soils, degraded, 260-262 occurrence, 266 role in phosphorus fixation, 97-99, 110 Apples, zinc deficiency in, 32, Belt, 55 of, soil, 213, 216 Braunerde, Apricots, zinc deficiency in, 32, 35 prevention 16-17 Boron, accumulation in classification, 245 in Europe, 220-241 in the British Isles, 231-235 50 concept Asparagus, 212 of, in Central and Eastern Europe, zinc deficiency in, 32 Aspergillus niger test, for available zinc in soils, 55-56 220-231 in France and adjacent countries, 238-241 Auxins, Germany and Austria, 235 in the Scandinavian countries, on abscission, 71, 72, 74 of zinc deficiency on, 39-41 in effect 229-231 Ramann's, 218-220 in the United States, 241-244 podzolic, 219, 223 of U.S.A., 225 Barley, 206, 207 optimum air space for, 73 302 SUBJECT INDEX Clover, 10, 212 Braunlehm, 237 Brown Forest 303 221, 224, 225, 227, 252, 253, see also Base-rich soil and soils, Braunerde difference between Braunerde and, 225 Brown-soils, noncalcic, 280-283 Brunizems, degraded, 262 occurrence, 266 desiccation, 88 red, zinc-deficiency in, cient soils, 56 zinc uptake by, 36 Copper, accumulation in effect Buckwheat, zinc deficiency in, 33, 35 32 subterranean, growth on copper-defi- on sudan 213, 216 soil, grass, 214 Corn, 11, 15,207,212,213 desiccation, 68, 86 nitrogen requirements, 215 production in Old Cotton Belt, 20, 21, 22,25 Calcium, reaction with phosphorus, 04 role in crop production, 212 ff toxic zinc levels for, 44 zinc deficiency in, 32, 38 control of, 50, 57, 58 Calcium carbonate, zinc toxicity and, 44, 46 symptoms 35 of, 34, zinc uptake by, 49 Calcium cyanamide, Cotton, 2, 15, 16, 70 as defoliant for cotton, 76-77 defoliation, 74, 75, California, zinc content in soils of, 45 advantages of, 76-82 77 80 Carrots, 212 zinc deficiency in, 32 bottom, 81 Castor beans, culturally induced, 81-82 agronomic aspects defoliability, 80 desiccation, 86 defoliants used for, 78-80 timing of application, 81 Cauliflower, 212 Celery, 212 yield, eifect of fertilizer treatment on, 209, 211 treatment of zinc deficient 58, 60-61 Chernozems, 220, 221 soils with, northern degraded, 260-262 occurrence, 266 soils derived from, 224-225 Cherries, zinc-deficiency in sweet, 32 Chestnut loam, 278-279 soils, for, 81 desiccation, 86-87 Chelates, silt economic aspects of, 78 limitations of, 77 machinery Cereals, zinc deficiency in, 32 Chester of, degraded, 262-264 production in Old Cotton Belt, 18-20, 21, 24, 25 biological factors affecting, 16-17 Cottonseed, 11,25 Cowpeas, toxic zinc levels for, Crop 44 yields, estimation, 181 oxygen diffusion through soil and, 173 Cucumbers, 212 Cut-out, definition, 68 Citrus, copper deficiency in, 49 iron chlorosis in, 44 zinc deficiency in, 32, 34, 35, 46, 49 control of, 59 Cytology, of zinc-deficient plants, 35 zinc uptake by, 36 Clay minerals, reaction of phosphorus with, 99-104, 105, 110 2,4-D, weed control in lespedeza stands with, 140 SUBJECT INDEX 304 Data, analysis of experimental, 190-191 of observational, 182-183 application, site of, 74-75 of, Function analysis, discriminant, 179 81 for cotton, 78-80 Defoliation, 74-76 chemical, as harvest aid, 68-83 of cotton, 74, 75, 76-82 Gamma-ray densitometry, in soil bulk density measurements, 166-169 unsatisfactory, 76 Desiccants, 68, 84-85 Grains, 69 Desiccation, 83-90 potential advantages of, Fruits, ripening, abscission and, 72 stone, defoliation of, 82-83 Defoliants, 68, 75 action of, 75, 90 timing zinc deficiency in, 34, 35, 42 control of, 56, 58-59 and disadvantages desiccation, 68, 86 of small, 87-88 zinc deficiency in, 32 84 Grapes, E Enzymes, plant, zinc and, 41, 42-43 Ethylene, as abscission accelerant, 73, 74 as defoliant, 74 Ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA), zinc complex, application of, 60 Europe, concept of Braunerde in, 220-241 Experiments, agronomic, analysis of, 190-201 design of, 183-190 classification of experimental material, 186-190 logical requirements, 184-185 plot technique, 185-186 long-term, 198-201 zinc deficiency in, 32, 59 control of, 56, 59 Grasses, 212 desiccation of, 89 zinc deficiency in, 32 Gray Forest Soil, 221, 224 Green manure, 207 fertilization of, 213, 216 H Hops, defoliation, 68, 82 zinc deficiency in, 32 I Impatiens, 69 Indoleacetic acid, tryptophan and, 40-41 Insects, Feed, damage lespedezas as, 129-136 Fertilizer, to lespedezas, 140-141 Iron, absorption consumption, in Old Cotton Belt, 22, 23 in U.S.A., 22, 23 on phosphorus and potassium accumulation in soil, 206-216 residual effect of, 205-216 soil acidification by, 205, 214-215, 216 by plants, elements inter- fering with, 44 compounds, role in phosphorus fixation, 97-99, 110 effect Japan clover, see Lespedeza soluble nitrogen, residual effects of, L 205, 206 Leaves, Flax, desiccation, 90 zinc deficiency in, 32 Fruit trees, abscission, 68-69, see also Defoliation second growth, 68 zinc-deficient, symptoms in, 41 SUBJECT INDEX 305 number Legumes, 205 of, 115 shrubby, 117 use of, 142 small-seeded, desiccation, 88 213 soil-building, Lespedeza bicolor, 117, 142 Lespedeza cuneata, 115 seeds of, 115 Light, Lespedeza daurica, 116 Lespedeza sericea, 115 see also Sericea and L cuneata Livestock, on zinc deficiency in plants, 3940 effect production in Old Cotton Belt, 22-25 Lespedeza stipulacea (Korean lespedeza), 115, 118, 142 breeding of, 143-144 controlled hybridization in, 146 floral morphology, 145 of, 143 striata, 115, 118, soil soil, 213, 214, 216 mechanical, 271 Microorganisms, 142 history, 117-118 effect 143 requirements, 125 introduction accumulation in Metals, Miami varieties of, 118 Lespedeza Manganese, causing iron chlorosis in plants, 44 silt loam, 242, 268-269 analyses, chemical, 270, 271 history, 117 introduction M on zinc availability in soils, 50- 51 of, Milk production, varieties of, 118 specifications for high-quality forage Lespedezas, 114-157, see also individual members for, 129 Mineral nutrition, acreage, 120-122 leaf abscission and, 73 annual, cropping systems diseases of, 141 inherited resistance establishment of, for, to, 123 Mustard, zinc deficiency in, 32, 35 148-150 136-137 N as forage legumes, 129-136 hay, 129-130 mineral level, 136 pasture, 130-134 soil requirements, 124-125 variations of, 143 breeding, 147 ff classification, 116 crossing techniques, 145 ff introduction origin of, to, of, 140-141 144-145 114, 142 perennial, see Sericea response to soil treatment, 125-129 seeds of, characteristics, 118-120 production, 121 species, stock, 114-117 82 153-154 induced polyploidy, 154 inheritance studies on, 147 damage requirements for nonlegume crops of Old Cotton Belt, 11 Nucleic acids, fixation of, 108, 110 as soil organic phosphorus, 107 defoliation, 68, ff hybridization, interspecific, insect disease resistance, zinc and, 43 Nitrogen, Nursery distribution, 120 history, 117 Nicotiana glutinosa, Oats, 207, 212 absorption of sodium arsenite by, 88 control of zinc deficiency in, 57 air space for, 173 production in Old Cotton Belt, 20 optimum spring, soil penetrability and emer- gence of, 161 Old Cotton Belt, agricultural trends in, 1-29 SUBJECT INDEX 306 average cash receipts on, 28 of, changes in machines and facilities on, 26-27 in population on, 27-28 in size and number, 25-26 irrigation, land use 12-16 20-22 management, of iron pounds, 97-99, 110 soils, 104-106, 110 in calcareous soils, 104-106, 110 of organic, 106-108, 110 in soil of Old Cotton Belt, 10 in alkaline Phytin, in, major physiographic regions of, 3-4 regional characteristics of, 2-9 soil 99-104 and aluminum com- role of clay minerals in, factors influencing, 10-17 farms 1, 2, biological factors af- fixation of, 107, 110 as soil organic phosphorus, 107 Pisum sativwn, see Peas Plant breeding, application of statistics fecting, 16-17 to, 201-202 Plant hormones, 68, see also Auxins Onions, 212 yield, effect of fertilizer on, 210 Plants, Orchards, zinc deficiency in, 33 absorption of phosphorus by, 108-110 carbohydrate metabolism, abscission and, 73 cytology of zinc-deficient, 35 Peach higher, functions of zinc in, 39-43 iron chlorosis in, metals producing, 44 zinc deficiency in, 32 trees, arsenic injury in, zinc sulfate and, 57 zinc deficiency in, 34 zinc deficiency in, 31-55 auxin production and, 39^41 of, 56-61 effect on enzymes, 41, 42-43 light and, 39-40 Peaches, control zinc deficiency in, 32 Peanuts, production in Old Cotton Belt, 20, 21, protein synthesis and, 41 25 species susceptible to, 132 Pears, zinc deficiency in, 32, 55 symptoms Peas, 212 toxic zinc levels for, 44 Pecan orchards, zinc deficiency in, 33 translocation, 36-38 Penicillium chrysogemun, Podzolic zinc in phosphatase of, 41 Phosphates, zinc content of soils and, 47-50 Phosphorus, by plants, accumulation in soil, 108-110 205 ff cropping and, 207 effect of fertilizer on, 206 ff compounds, occurring naturally in soil, fertilizer, 96, 110 recovery of, Podzols, B horizons of, 253, 254, 255 Population (s), for, 96 95 of, characteristics of, estimation by sam- pling, 179-182 fixation, in acid soils, mechanism soils, brown, 219, 251, 252-258 occurrence in U.S., 258 gray-brown, 241 ff., 267-278 genesis of, 244 nomenclature, 273 occurrence, 274-275 red-yellow, 278-280 Russian, 221 96-97 raw material 34-35 absorption, 35-36 deficiency levels, 38-39 disease resistance and, 43 zinc distribution in, 37, 38 absorption of, 32, zinc levels during, 38-39 zinc nutrition of, 35-39 97-104 98-99, 104, 110 description 178-183 and analysis of existent, SUBJECT INDEX hay and seed production, 137-138 Potassium, accumulation in magnesium 205 ff on, 206 heterosis in, 152-153 soil, effect of fertilizer improvement ff deficiency and, 209, 216 response to sodium and, 210, 216 sugar beet yield and, 211 in soil of Old Cotton Belt, 10 Potatoes, 69, Sodium arsenite, absorption by oats, 88 rotation experiments, density profiles, 172 zinc deficiency in, 32, 39 Poultry, production in Old Cotton Belt, 24, 25 reddish, of, response to soil treatment, 129 usage for erosion control, 130, 142 production in Old Cotton Belt, 21 soils, of palatability, 150-151 144-145 mineral content, 136 mode of reproduction, 146-147 introduction natural crossing in, 147 212 desiccation, 83, 88-89 optimum air space for, 172 Prairie 307 262 Soil(s), acidification of, 205, 214-215 bulk density, measurement of, 159-160, 163-171 classification of, 179, 219-220 compaction, effects of, 159 Protein synthesis, measurements in zinc-deficient plants, 41 dark-colored Ramie, defoliation, 82 the steppes, accumulation in, 206-211, 216 effect of 207 Rubrozems, 245, 264-267 Rubus, 69 fertilizer application on, ff 208 ff Old Cotton Belt, 10-11 erosion, 11-12 testing for, of Russia, of, nutrient mineral, Roses, defoliation, 82 221 fertility, zinc content in soils of, 45 Rye bordering 226, 250, 258-267 Rice, 13, 14 desiccation of, 87 Podzols of 159-175 conservation, effectiveness of lespedezas in, 13&-139, 142 10-11 organic fertilizer recommendation for grass, crops grown on, 211, 212 nutrient accumulation in, 208, 216 control of zinc deficiency in, 60 zinc uptake by, 36 penetrability, effect of cover crop on, 161-162 measurement Safflower, desiccation, 90 phosphorus fixation in 110 zinc deficiency in, 32 Sampling, estimation of population 163 relations Segal stony gravelly sandy loam, 262 97-104, between plants, phosphorus and, 108-110 ff zinc in, 44-45 Sericea, availability, factors affecting, breeding, 142-143 tests for, characters, inherited, 151-152 cropping systems acid, in alkaline, 104-106, 110 in calcarious, 104-106, 110 characteris- tics by, 179-182 systematic, 182 for, 124 diseases of, 141 of, 137 feeding value, 134-136, 142 establishment 160, 159, of, moisture and, 161, 162 54-56 zinc deficiency in, 33 control of, 56-62 Brun acide, 226, 245-250 with fragipan, 246-247 Sol 45-53 SUBJECT INDEX 308 W genesis of, 244 occurrence, 249 Walnuts, zinc deficiency in, 32 Sorghum, 86 production in Old Cotton Belt, 21 zinc deficiency in, 32 Soybeans, 212 desiccation, 86 production in Old Cotton Belt, 20, 21, 25 zinc deficiency in, 32 prevention desiccation, Spinach, 212 Statistics, application to agronomy, 177-203 50 of, Waukon silt loam, 260-262 Weed control, in lespedeza stands, 139-140 Wetting agents, as defoliants, 80 Wheat, 207, 212 optimum air space for, 173 production in Old Cotton Belt, 21 toxicity of zinc sulfate in, 44 zinc nutrition, effect on disease resist- ance, 43 Steppes, dark colored soils, bordering the, 226, 250, 258-267 Sudan X-ray transmission, grass, effect of copper on, 214 optimum in soil bulk density measurements, 166 air space for, 173 Sulfur, role in crop production, 212-213 Yield surface exploration, 191-198 Sunflower, desiccation, 90 zinc deficiency in, 32, 39 Zinc, absorption by plants, 35-36 deficiency, in plants, 31-55 Tilth evaluation, 173 symptoms Tobacco, 69 production in Old Cotton Belt, Tomatoes, 212 desiccation of, 89 15, 21 zinc deficiency in, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 42 zinc uptake by, 36 Trees, control of zinc deficiency in, 58 Truck crops, in Old Cotton Belt, 15, 25 Tung, control Utah, zinc content of soils in, 45 53-54 functions in higher plants, 39-43 role in tryptophan formation, 41 soils, 44-45 areas affected by deficiency, 32-35 availability, factors affecting, tests for, U States, of, by colorimetric procedures, 53-54 by polarographic procedures, 54 by spectrographic procedures, 54 in concept of Braunerde in the, 241-244 34-35 56-61 of, determination zinc deficiency in, 32, 43, 48 control of, 57 United of, zinc levels in, 38-39 in soils, areas affected by, 32-35 45-53 54-56 toxicity for plants, 43 44 calcium carbonate and, 44, 46 translocation within plants, 36-38 Zinc salts, use in zinc deficient soils and as sprays, 56, 57 ff Vegetables, production in Old Cotton Belt, 21 Vetch, 33 Zinc sulfate, on arsenic injury in peach 57 effect trees, ... average monthly rainfall Rainfall during the spring and summer often comes as short, high-intensity thundershowers, whereas during the winter it comes usually in low-intensity rains over extended... or before the date last marked below ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY VOLUME IX ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY Prepared under the Auspices of the AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRONOMY VOLUME Edited by A G University of Michigan,... crusts upon drying after a rain These crusts are sometimes very troublesome in preventing seedling emergence and in reducing infiltration of water Loam This physiographic province, which / Brown