WORD FAMILIES

WORD FAMILIES Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally nationality These endings (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion INCORRECT [I was sorry to hear about his ill.] CORRECT I was sorry to hear about his illness  Do you need an adjective? If so, does the ending make the word an adjective? Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive INCORRECT [This is a wonder report!] CORRECT This is a wonderful report! Do you need an adverb? If so, does the ending make the word an adverb? Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise INCORRECT [She entered the data very careful.] CORRECT She entered the data very carefully  Do you need a verb? If so, does the ending make the word a verb? Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize INCORRECT [We are going to wide the parking lot.] CORRECT We are going to widen the parking lot We need to the language in this report; it is too complex (A) simplify (B) simple (C) simply (D) simplistic Verb endings: -en, -ify, -ize To simplify (v) to make sth easier to or understand: The application forms have now been simplified Simplistic (adj.) (disapproving) making a problem, situation, etc seem less difficult or complicated than it really is Simplistically (adverb) In my opinion, her leaving early was a very thing to (A) children (B) childish (C) childishly (D) child Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive Interest (in sb/sth) (n) the feeling that you have when you want to know or learn more about sb/sth: Ex: to feel/have/show/express (an) interest in sth A doctor’s manner makes patients feel comfortable (A) friendship (B) friend (C) friendly (D) friendliness Friendship (with sb) | friendship (between A and B) a relationship between friends: a close / lasting / lifelong friendship [U] the feeling or relationship that friends have; the state of being friends: Your friendship is very important to me Manner [sing.] the way that sb behaves and speaks towards other people: Ex: to have an aggressive  / a friendly / a relaxed manner Manners [pl.] behaviour that is considered to be polite in a particular society or culture: Ex: to have good / bad manners It was very of the boss to buy us those nice gifts (A) thoughtless (B) thoughtful (C) thought (D) thoughtfully Adjective endings: -able, -ible, -al, -ful, -ish, -ive Thoughtless (adjective) (disapproving) not caring about the possible effects of your words or actions on other people SYN  Inconsiderate: a thoughtless remark thoughtlessly (adverb)  thoughtlessness (noun) Thoughtful (adj.) showing that you think about and care for other people SYN  Considerate, Kind: It was very thoughtful of you to send the flowers One of your duties will be some typing (A) light (B) lightened (C) lighten (D) lightness Light (adj.) To lighten (verb) [vn] to reduce the amount of work, debt, worry, etc that sb has SYN To lessen lightness (n) Light (adj) + en = Lighten (v) 10 She would like a raise, not just a few dollars (A) really (B) realist (C) real (D) reality Raise (n) an increase in the money you are paid for the work you do: I’m going to ask for a rise Realist (noun) a person who accepts and deals with a situation as it really is and does not try to pretend that it is different: I’m a realist—I know you can’t change people overnight a writer, painter, etc whose work represents things as they are in real life Reality (n) (pl -ies) 1[U] the true situation and the problems that actually exist in life, in contrast to how you would like life to be: She refuses to face reality Real (adj.) actually existing or happening and not imagined or pretended: It wasn’t a ghost; it was a real person THANK YOU! .. .Word families are words that look alike but have different endings ROOT WORD: nation ENDINGS: -al —ize? -ly -ity WORDS: national nationalize nationally... (-al, -ize, -ly, -ity, -ful, -sion, etc.) change the original word to either a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb For example, the word care can be made into an adjective (careful) or an adverb... (carefully) ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:  Do you need a noun? If so, does the ending make the word a noun? Noun endings: -ance, -ancy, -ence, -ation, -dom, -ism, -ment, -ness, -ship, —or, —ion