214708177-Class-12-Cs-Ncert-Cbse-2014-15-Python

WITH PYTHON CLASS - XII Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India Computer Science COMPUTER SCIENCE Class-XII Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India Computer Science Computer Science Class–XII Price: ` First Edition 2014, CBSE, India Copies: No Part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or any means, electric, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher PUBLISHED BY : The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110092 DESIGN, LAYOUT : Multi Graphics, 8A/101, W.E.A Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005, Phone: 011-25783846 COVER DESIGN : Ankit Barodiya, Air Force Golden Jubilee Institute, Subroto Park, New Delhi PRINTED BY : H k k j r d k l af o / k u m í sf ' k d k g e ] H k k j r d sy k sx ] H k k j r d k s, d l E i w k Z ¹ i zH k qR o & l U u l e k t o k n h i aF k f u j i s{ k y k sd r a= k k R e d x k j k T ; 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d e wy d Ù k ZO ; & H k k j r d si zR ; sd u k x f j d d k ; g d Ù k ZO ; g k sx k f d o g & ( d ) l af o / k u d k i k y u d j sv k Sj m l d sv k n ' k k sZa] l aL F k k v k sa] j k " V ªè o t v k Sj j k " V ªx k u d k v k n j d j s_ ( [ k ) L o r a= k r k d sf y , g e k j sj k " V ªh ; v k an k sy u d k si zsf j r d j u so k y sm P p v k n ' k k sZa d k sâ n ; e sa l at k s, j [ k sv k Sj m u d k i k y u d j s_ ( x ) H k k j r d h i zH k qr k ] , d r k v k Sj v [ k aM r k d h j { k k d j sv k Sj m l sv { k q k j [ k s_ ( ? k ) n s' k d h j { k k d j sv k Sj v k g ~o k u f d , t k u si j j k " V ªd h l so k d j s_ ( Ä ) H k k j r d sl H k h y k sx k sa e sa l e j l r k v k Sj l e k u H k zk r `R o d h H k k o u k d k f u e k Z k d j st k s/ e Z] H k k " k k v k Sj i zn s' k ; k o x Zi j v k / k f j r l H k h H k sn H k k o l si j sg k sa] , sl h i zF k k v k sa d k R ; k x d j st k sf L = k ; k sa d sl E e k u d sf o # ¼ g Sa_ ( p ) g e k j h l k e k f l d l aL Ñ f r d h x k Sj o ' k k y h i j j k d k e g Ù o l e > sv k Sj m l d k i f j j { k k d j s_ ( N ) i zk Ñ f r d i ; k Zo j k d h f t l d sv ar x Zr o u ] > h y ] u n h ] v k Sj o U ; t h o g Sa] j { k k d j sv k Sj m l d k l ao / Zu d j sr F k k i zk f k e k = k d si zf r n ; k H k k o j [ k s_ ( t ) o SK k f u d n `f " V d k s k ] e k u o o k n v k Sj K k u k t Zu r F k k l q/ k j d h H k k o u k d k f o d k l d j s_ ( > ) l k o Zt f u d l f Ù k d k sl qj f { k r j [ k sv k Sj f g al k l sn wj j g s_ ( × k ) O ; f D r x r v k Sj l k e wf g d x f r f o f / ; k sa d sl H k h { k s= k k sa e sa m R d " k Zd h v k sj c < +u sd k l r r i z; k l d j sf t l l sj k " V ªf u j ar j c < +r sg q, i z; R u v k Sj m i y f C / d h u b Zm ap k b ; k sa d k sN wy s_ ( V ) ; f n e k r k & f i r k ; k l aj { k d g S] N g o " k Zl sp k Sn g o " k Zr d d h v k ; qo k y sv i u s] ; F k k f L F k f r ] c k y d ; k i zf r i k Y ; d sf y ; sf ' k { k k d s v o l j i zn k u d j sA l af o / k u ( N ; k l h o k al a' k k s/ u ) v f / f u ; e ] 0 d h / k j k } k j k ( 2 0 ) l sa v ar % L F k k f i r A THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA PREAMBLE WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a 1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens : JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the2 [unity and integrity of the Nation]; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act 1976, sec 2, for "Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w.e.f 3.1.1977) Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act 1976, sec 2, for "unity of the Nation” (w.e.f 3.1.1977) THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA Chapter IV A FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES ARTICLE 51A Fundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; (k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between age of six and forteen years Ins by the constitution (Eighty - Sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 S.4 (w.e.f 12.12.2002) Computer Science Foreword This century is characterized with the emergence of knowledge based society wherein ICT plays a pivotal role In its vision, the National Policy on ICT in School Education by MHRD, Govt of India, states "The ICT Policy in School Education aims at preparing youth to participate creatively in the establishment, sustenance and growth of a knowledge society leading to all round socio economic development of the nation and global competitiveness" The policy envisages three stages of ICT implementations at school level - ICT literacy and Competency Enhancement, IT enabled teachinglearning, and introduction of ICT related elective subjects at Senior Secondary level With this backdrop a major paradigm shift is imperative in imparting ICT- enabled instructions, collaborative learning, multidisciplinary problem-solving and promoting critical thinking skills as envisaged in the National curriculum framework 2005 Foundation of these skills is laid at school level Ever since the invention of Charles Babbage's difference engine in 1822, computers have required a means of instructing them to perform a specific task This is known as a programming language Programs in computer programming language prepare people to write and design computer software Computer languages were first composed of a series of steps to wire a particular program; these morphed into a series of steps keyed into the computer and then executed; later these languages acquired advanced features such as logical branching and object orientation Syllabus of Computer Sciences has been revisited accordingly with a focus on generic concepts with domain specific practical experiments and projects to ensure conceptual knowledge with practical skills Learning to write programs stretches your mind, and helps you think better, creates a way of thinking about things that is helpful in all domains Since Computers have permeated in every walk of life such as launching of satellites, e-trading, e-business and social networking therefore it is imperative to study programming languages I am happy to release Computer Science Book for Class - XII I would like to express my deep appreciation to the text book development team for their contribution Appreciation is also due to Dr Sadhana Parashar, Prof & Director (Academics, Research, Training and Innovation) and Dr Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE in bringing out this publication It is hoped that all students and teachers will benefit by making best use of this publication Their feedback will be highly appreciated for further improvement Vineet Joshi Chairman, CBSE Computer Science Acknowledgements CBSE ADVISORS Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman, CBSE v Dr Sadhana Parashar, Prof & Director v (Academics, Research, Training and Innovation) DEVELOPMENT TEAM Ms Anju Gupta, Rukmini Devi Public School, Pitam Pura, New Delhi v Ms Mohini Arora, Air Force Golden Jubilee Institute, Subroto Park, New Delhi v Ms S Meena, Sachdeva Public School, Pitam Pura, New Delhi v Ms Shally Arora, Delhi Public School, Gurgaon v v Ms Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi CHIEF EDITOR & MEMBER COORDINATOR v Ms Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi Computer Science Content Unit–1: Review of Phython & Concept of Oops Chapter_1 Chapter_2 Chapter_3 Chapter_4 Unit–2: Advanced Programming with Python Chapter_1 Chapter_2 Chapter_3 Chapter_4 Unit–3: Unit–4: Unit–5: Review of Phython Concept of Object Oriented Programming Classes in Python Inheritance Liner List Manipulation Stacks & Queues in list Data File Handling Exception Handling & Generate Functions 28 39 66 87 88 106 124 147 Databases Management Systems and SQL 159 Chapter_1 Chapter_2 160 176 Databases Concepts and SQL Structure Query Language Introduction to Boolean Algebra 203 Chapter_1 Chapter_2 Chapter_3 204 220 239 Boolean Algebra Boolean Functions and Reduce Forms Application of Boolean Logic Communication Technologies 259 Chapter_1 Chapter_2 Chapter_3 Chapter_4 260 271 290 Networking Concepts Part I Networking Concepts Part II Networking Protocols Mobile Telecommunication Technologies, Network Security and Internet Services 299 Computer Science