VShips tanker manual 2001

TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of TANKER MANUAL VMS/ TNK/ 01 COPY N o NOTES This Manual is valid from the issue date This Manual is to be used only on V Ships managed vessels This Manual is not to be copied or marked up Review of this Manual or any suggested alteration is to be referred to the appropriate management office Further revisions of this Manual will be recorded on the Revision Sheet (Page 2) MANAGING DIRECTOR DIVISIONAL DIRECTOR GROUP RISK, SAFETY & QUALITY Copyright 2001 V Ships All rights strictly reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of V Ships Any person infringing the copyright of the V Ships will be liable to criminal prosecution and a civil claim for damages TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of REVI SI ON SHEET When it becomes necessary to revise this manual revision will be made by the issue of the new relevant section These revised pages will bear a new revision number that must be entered on this revision sheet and initialled by the Master or responsible manager after insertion into this book Document Number Section Revision Number Date Inserted Manager’s or Master’s Initials TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Table of Contents GENERAL .1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Definitions .1 I ntroduction Departure from these Procedures VMS manuals Checklists Reference Publications .4 Company Forms Abbreviations RESPONSI BI LI TI ES .1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 General Master .1 Chief Officer Second Officer and Third Officer .2 Chief Engineer Pumpman Ratings SAFETY 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 Reference Publications .1 COMPANY FORMS .1 General 3.3.1 Flash Point 3.3.2 Auto Ignition Temperature 3.3.3 Flammable / Explosive Limits 3.3.4 Vapour Pressure 3.3.5 Boiling POint 3.3.6 Vapour Density .3 3.3.7 Water Solubility 3.3.8 Melting POint/ Freezing Point 3.3.9 Pour Point 3.3.10 Viscosity .3 3.3.11 Cloud POint 3.3.12 Colour Chemistry and Types of Liquid Cargoes Toxicity .5 3.5.1 Threshold Limit Value (TLV) 3.5.2 Odour Threshold 3.5.3 Hydrogen Sulphide gas (H2S) 3.5.4 Hydrocarbon Gases .7 3.5.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons Personnel Protection .7 Liason w ith Shore .7 Ship-to-Ship Transfer I nternal Transfer of Cargo Tank Levelling Removable Bends, Spool Pieces and Flexible Hoses .8 Flame Arrestors .9 Radio Equipment and Radar .9 TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Electrical Equipment/ Fittings Hydrocarbon Monitoring Sounding Routines Cargo PumproomS 10 3.17.1 Ventilation 10 3.17.2 Routine INspection 10 3.17.3 Entry Procedures 10 Void Spaces/ Duct Keels and Pipe Tunnels 11 Leakage into Void and Ballast Spaces 12 Opening Hatches 12 Pyrophoric I ron Sulphide 12 Works in Cargo and Ballast Tanks 13 Accidental Spillages 13 Desludging of Tanks 13 Sea Valves and Overboard Discharge Valves 14 Deck Scuppers 14 Manifold Savealls 14 Line Draining 14 Emergency Procedures 14 3.29.1 Incident at Manifold/ Tank Overflow 14 3.29.2 Tank Explosion 15 3.29.3 Pumproom Fires 15 Cargo Operational Safety 16 3.30.1 General 16 3.30.2 Fire-Fighting Precautions at the Manifold 16 3.30.3 Ships Fitted with Fixed Foam Systems 16 3.30.4 Ship/ Shore Cargo Operations 17 3.30.5 Ship/ Ship Transfer Operations 17 3.30.6 Loading 17 3.30.7 Discharging 18 3.30.8 Crude Oil Washing Operations 18 Static Electricity 18 3.31.1 General 18 3.31.2 Cargo Operations 19 3.31.3 Electrical Continuity - Bonding and Earthing 19 3.31.4 Cargo Flow Velocity 20 3.31.5 Ullaging and Sampling 20 3.31.6 Loading Overall (Splash filling) (free Fall Loading) 20 3.31.7 Pipeline and Hose Cleaning 20 3.31.8 Steaming Operations 21 3.31.9 Tank Washing with Water 21 3.31.10 Portable Pumps 21 3.31.11 Tanker Explosions 21 Hydrogen Sulphide ( H2S) .23 3.32.1 Crude Oils Containing Hydrogen Sulphide Gas 23 3.32.2 Threshold Limit Value (T L.V.) 23 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons 25 3.33.1 General 25 Slack Tanks .25 Slop Tanks .25 CARGO PLANNI NG, HANDLI NG AND STOWAGE 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 456 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms General Voyage Orders Port information TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30 4.31 4.32 4.33 4.34 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Cargo Planning 4.6.1 Cargo Plan 4.6.2 Stowage Limitations of Cargo Tank Structure and Fittings on Chemical Ships 4.6.3 Oil and Hazardous Material Transfer Procedure .3 4.6.4 Cargo Loading/ Discharge Plan Density of Water at Berth Cargo Tank I nspections Cargo Surveyors Endorsing Cargo Surveyors Reports Cargo Documentation .5 4.11.1 Commercial Documents .5 4.11.2 Ship’s Cargo Documentation 4.11.3 Cargo Related Logs and Records Early Departure Procedures Discharge Certificates .6 Pre-Transfer Survey and Log Entries Loading and Discharging “over-the-Tide” Commencing Operations Retention of Oil on Board Retention of Slops on Chemical Tankers Draining Cargo Lines of Ballast Mopping Tanks 10 Oil Cargoes Segregation & Compatibility 10 4.21.1 Contamination by Inert Gas 11 4.21.2 Contamination via IG Pipework 11 4.21.3 Contamination from Previous cargo Residues 11 Chemical Cargoes Segregation and Compatibilty 11 4.22.1 Segregation Regarding Reactivity Hazards 11 4.22.2 Compatibility with Water / Stowage of HEated Cargoes 12 4.22.3 Compatibility with the Coatings of the Cargo Tanks 12 4.22.4 Edible Oils Compatibility 12 Handling Precautions for Self-Reactive Chemicals .12 4.23.1 Cleanliness 12 4.23.2 Certificate of Inhibition 13 4.23.3 Cargo Tanks Vent System 13 4.23.4 Temperature Control 13 Multigrade Cargoes in Crude Carriers .13 Handling of High Vapour Pressure Cargoes 13 Concurrent Handling of Different Grades .14 Pressure Surges 14 Transfer Equipment Test and I nspections 14 Valves 15 4.29.1 Sea Suction and Overboard Valves 15 4.29.2 Pipelines 15 4.29.3 Flexible Hoses 15 Operation of Valves .15 4.30.1 Opening and Closing of Valves 16 4.30.2 Bulkhead Valves 16 Control of Atmospheric Pollution and Loss of Cargo .16 Vapour Emission Control ( VEC) Systems 18 Ship-to-Ship ( STS) Transfer using VEC Systems 19 Expansion Allow ance 19 SAFE STABI LI TY 5.1 5.2 5.3 Reference Publications .1 Checklists Company Forms TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of General Stress Monitoring System Stability of Double Hull Vessels ( w ithout centre line bulkheads) .1 Slack Tanks and Sloshing Cargo Cooling LOADI NG OF CARGOES 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms Precautions Before and During Loading Load on Top .2 Loading to Capacity Loading Rates Loading .3 Loading Ullages .4 Venting 6.9.1 Upriser Mast Topping-Off .4 Cargo Measurement After Loading Samples of the Cargo Cargo Documentation .6 6.13.1 Notice of Readiness .6 6.13.2 Port Log .6 6.13.3 Protest of Difference between Ship and Shore Figures 6.13.4 Cargo Calculation Report Form .6 6.13.5 Vessel Cargo History Sheet 6.14.6 OBQ Report 6.13.7 Deadfreight Statement 6.13.8 Dry Receipt 7 CARGO CARE 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms Oil Cargo Temperature Cargo Heating Temperature Examination of Tanks and Heating Coils Heating .2 High Pour Point Oils Slop Tank Heating .3 Special Care Requirements for Certain Chemicals 7.9.1 Cargo Protected by Stabilising Additives and Inhibitors 7.9.2 Agitation/ Re-circulation 7.9.3 Cooling/ Refrigeration DI SCHARGI NG 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms I nstructions for Discharge Cargo Measurement before Discharge Precautions before Discharge Discharging .3 Crude Oil Washing Stripping of Tanks 8.8.1 Tank Pressurisation .4 Ullaging and I nspection after discharge Cargo Documentation .4 8.10.1 Notice of Readiness .4 8.10.2 Port Log .5 TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON 8.10.3 8.10.4 8.10.5 8.10.6 8.10.7 8.10.8 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Pumping Log .5 Cargo Calculation Report Forms (Ullage Report) COW Report ROB Report Tank Cleaning Record Dry Receipt I NERTI NG AND GAS FREEI NG OF CARGO TANKS .1 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 10 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms Policy Principle Application and Requirements for use Before use of I nert GAs I nerting/ Purging/ Gas Freeing 9.7.1 Inerting 9.7.2 Purging 9.7.3 Gas Freeing for Entry Failure of the I nert Gas System Maintenance .5 9.9.1 Deck Seal .5 9.9.2 P/ V Breaker 9.9.3 Inert Gas Scrubber 9.9.4 Non Return Valves 9.9.5 Flue Gas and Recirculating the Valves I nerting Before Loading I nerting – Loaded Passage .6 I nerting – During Discharge .7 I nerting – Tank Cleaning Operations I nerting During Ballast Operations Gas Freeing .8 Pyrophoric Oxidation 9.16.1 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Cargo Tanks During Discharge CARGO AND BALLAST PUMPS 10.1 10.2 10.3 Reference Publications .1 General Suction Pumps 10.3.1 Centrifugal Pumps .1 10.3.2 Positive Displacement Pump 10.3.3 Submerged Pumps 10.3.4 Portable Submersible (Emergency) Pump .2 10.4 Starting and Stopping Pumps 10.5 Emergency Stopping of pumps 10.6 Control and Operation of Centrifugal Pumps 10.6.1 Discharge Valves 10.6.2 Self Priming 10.7 Cavitation 10.8 Pump Operation Parameters 10.8.1Overloading 10.8.2Underloading 10.8.3Pump Characteristic Diagram 10.8.4Balancing/ Discharging Using More Than One Pump 10.9 Submersible Pump Purging Routines 10.10 Eductors 11 TANK CLEANI NG .1 11.1 Reference Publications .1 TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12 : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Company Forms Tank Cleaning I nstructions .1 Tank Cleaning 11.4.1 Tank Cleaning Plan 11.4.2 Preparation of Tanks in Clean Product Carriers 11.4.3 After Black Oil Cargoes 11.4.4 After Crude Oil Line Washing Washing Coated Tanks Safety During Tank Cleaning Continuity Testing of Wash Hoses Crude Oil Washing ( C.O.W.) 11.9.1Cautionary Notice BALLAST OPERATI ONS 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 13 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number Reference Publications .1 Company Forms General Designated Officer Planning of the Ballast Operations Records and Reporting .2 Controls Applied by Port State Authorities .2 Loading of Ballast Water 12.8.1 Ballasting of Cargo Tanks Ballasting Water Exchange and Sediment Removal 12.9.1Flow Through Exchanges 12.9.2Exchange of Ballast Water in Cargo Tanks .4 Discharge of Ballast Water .5 12.10.1Deballasting of Cargo Tanks 12.10.2Discharge of Ballast Water to Shore Reception Facilities Sample Analysis Certificate Manual Removal of Solid Elements Ballast Operation Precautions 12.13.1Personnel Safety 12.13.2Ship’s Safety 12.13.3Ballast Tank’s Venting System .7 12.13.4Pumping Limitation Cathodic Protection EQUI PMENT 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 Reference Publications .1 Loading/ Stress Computer P/ V Valves .1 Flame Arrestor Gauzes P/ V Breaker Deck Seal & Non Return Check Valves Tank Gauging Pumproom Bilge Level Alarms Pump Suction Strainers Pump Safety Devices Tank Cleaning Equipment Gas Detection Equipment Pressure Gauges .3 Tank High Level and Overfill Alarms .4 13.14.1High Level Alarms 13.14.2Tank Overfill Alarms .4 13.15 Tank Radar Systems 13.16 Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Equipment .4 TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - I NTRODUCTI ON Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 13.17 Portable Hermetic Gauging and Sampling Equipment 14 CARGO CALCULATI ONS 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 15 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms General ASTM Tables Density, Relative Density and API 14.5.1 Density .2 14.5.2 Relative Density 15/ 14.5.3 Relative Density 60/ 60 (SG) Volume Reduction to Standard Temperature Ullage Sheets Ship’s Experience Factor ( SEF or VEF) MAI NTENANCE ROUTI NES .1 15.1 15.2 15.3 Reference Publications .1 Company Forms Maintenance Routines TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON - GENERAL GENERAL 1.1 DEFI NI TI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of V Ships ♦ VMS - V Ships Management System ♦ V Ships - Refers to the group of V Ships Companies ♦ Client - The Company or individual to whom V Ships is providing a service (i.e the Purchaser of the Service) ♦ “The Company” - Refers to V Ships ♦ “The Group” - ♦ Management Office - Refers to the group of V Ships Division i.e Ship Management Division Leisure Division Commercial Division Refers to the company office which manages the relevant vessel ♦ Crew Manning Office - Refers to the Company office which supplies the shipstaff to the relevant management office for the managed vessel ♦ Manual - A compilation of VMS procedures, instructions and information within an V Ships identified Binder ♦ Vendor/ Supplier - A Company or individual who is supplying Subcontractor material or a service to V Ships ♦ Audit - A method of checking that procedures (as written down) are being followed, and that any amendments required have been carried out to maintain a quality service ♦ Controlled Copy - A copy of the manual or procedures which will be issued for working to, and will be updated with all the modifications, corrective actions and revisions of the procedure Auditing TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 12 – BALLAST OPERATI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 12.9 BALLASTI NG WATER EXCHANGE AND SEDI MENT REMOVAL The most realistic and practical method for the control of transportation of marine control sediments, is to exchange ballast water in deep ocean or open sea areas probability that fresh water or coastal species will be transferred in the ballast water for deciding on such action rests with the Master The Master must contact the Port his next port via the agents and determine if special control actions are required organisms and to This will limit the The responsibility State Authority of The exchange is to be conducted in water depths greater than 2000 metres, or in those cases where this is not possible, exchange of ballast water is to be made well clear of coastal and estuary influences Draining of each tank is to be done until pump suction is lost This will minimise the likelihood of residual organism survival The tank is then to be flushed over the bottoms by refilling (if possible – by gravity) to approx 0.5 metre depth, twice, each time followed by complete draining until pump suction is lost The tank is then to be refilled The effectiveness of this flushing can be increased if the vessel is on a course that causes the vessel to roll slightly, however, the vessel must not deviate greater than 15o from the intended voyage course during the time of flushing When heavy sedimentation is observed after visual inspection, then manual sediment removal may be undertaken Tanks shall be inspected visually for sediment build up at least once every three months wherever practical, and sediment build up recorded on the tank condition report which is to be forwarded to the Company 12.9.1 FLOW THROUGH EXCHANGES When a vessel cannot conduct a complete ballast change, a “flow through” (through ballast tank vents) exchange of ballast water may be an acceptable alternative for some tanks, however, it has little effect on sediment control Due to the risk of building up the pressure in ballast tanks, and the possibility of damage to vent heads, screens, etc this procedure would require Administration (Classification) approval and must not be attempted without prior special considerations and authority of the Company Modification of tank venting arrangements may be necessary to avoid damage to the vent heads and screens 12.9.2 EXCHANGE OF BALLAST WATER I N CARGO TANKS Generally non SBT tankers are designed to discharge dirty ballast and load clean ballast simultaneously, and the stability and stresses involved are designed to be within limits, if the operation is carried out as per vessel’s loading manual In some instances however the pipeline/ valve system design does not allow simultaneous ballasting and deballasting of tanks and it will be necessary to carry out these operations alternately It is important that all persons are warned of the increased draft that can occur in these circumstances on what is otherwise regarded as a ballast passage Clean ballast tanks will have undergone the process of tank cleaning This process is considered sufficient to satisfy the sediment control procedures (tank bottom flushing) If, however heavy sedimentation is observed after visual inspection then manual sediment removal may be undertaken Before loading clean ballast, the relevant tanks, lines and pumps are to be properly washed and drained The responsible officer is to ensure all valves are correctly set, prior to the commencement of loading clean ballast into a tank Soon after commencement the surface of the water in the tank(s) must be visually observed or a sample drawn from the tank, to ensure that the clean ballast is not oil contaminated TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 12 – BALLAST OPERATI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Dirty ballast is to be processed and discharged in accordance with the current editions of “Clean Seas for Oil Tankers” and the MARPOL 73/ 78 Annex I and II regulations The discharge of ballast from cargo tanks whether dirty or clean is to be carried out with the Oil Discharge Monitoring Equipment (O.D.M.E.) in operation During the discharge of dirty ballast overboard the performance of the O.D.M.E is to be checked by frequent visual inspections to guard against accidental pollution When the overboard discharge is stopped by the monitoring equipment, the remaining oily water is to be retained and transferred to the primary slop tank for settling Any line flushing necessary is to be made into the slop tanks After settling of the slop tanks the free water is to be decanted to sea via the O.D.M.E and on completion any lines used are to be stripped into the primary slop tanks 12.10 DI SCHARGE OF BALLAST WATER No ballast is to be discharged in the continental shelf, coastal or port waters where ballast water and sediment control measures are being applied by State Authorities, the ballast water and sediment control procedures have been followed, or acceptable alternatives have been adopted The effectiveness of the vessels procedures may be verified by Port State Authorities taking samples of ballast water and/ or sediments from the vessel, to test for the continued survival of unwanted aquatic organisms and pathogens Such samples may also be taken from suction wells, chain lockers and other areas where sediment may accumulate In certain cases discharge of ballast will not be permitted until analysis of such samples is completed The Master is to ensure that relevant written authorisation is obtained from the Port Authority prior to discharging any ballast to coastal waters of any country that exercises ballast control measures Shortly after commencement and during discharge of any ballast overboard the surface of the sea is to be checked frequently to guard against accidental pollution Whenever possible, initial deballasting of SBT is to be by gravity in preference to pumping out 12.10.1 DEBALLASTI NG OF CARGO TANKS In some cases the discharge of ballast would be made concurrently with the loading of cargo in other groups of tanks In such cases double valve separation shall be maintained between the cargo being loaded and the ballast discharge All valves necessary to maintain this separation shall be positively verified to be tight, prior to arrival at loading port All lines must also be in good condition and free from leakage The discharge of clean ballast from cargo tanks overboard is to be carried out with the O.D.M.E in operation and all details of such operations are to be entered in the oil Record Book Part II Before discharging any clean ballast, the surface of the water in cargo tanks must be examined visually, or by taking surface samples This is to detect the presence of any oil, and if oil contamination is discovered it, must be treated as dirty ballast These checks are also to be made well before arrival at the loading port, in order to avoid substantial delays and costs that might occur In particular the vessel may not be allowed to deballast and will be liable to large fines A small quantity of ballast is to be discharged prior to arrival to verify the cleanliness of lines and pumps The discharge of clean ballast must use the same lines and pump throughout from the commencement of deballasting If other pumps (i.e stripping) are necessary to drain tanks, then the pump shall be discharging slowly throughout the deballasting TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 12 – BALLAST OPERATI ONS 12.10.2 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of I SCHARGE OF BALLAST WATER TO SHORE RECEPTI ON FACI LI TI ES Some terminals are already adopting this practice and have done so for many years, as local conditions not allow any discharge of ballast whatsoever The Master is to check with the terminal of any requirements for shore based discharge of ballast through voyage orders, agents instructions, “Guide to Port Entry”, etc If there is any doubt the Company must be referred to for advice, well before arrival Generally SBT vessels are not provided with a direct means to discharge ballast ashore In this case it will be necessary to either: • Fit a spool piece between the cargo and ballast suction piping, and to use a cargo pump for discharging of the ballast to the manifold For this purpose the following precautions shall be taken: - All cargo system valves that isolate the cargo being loaded, from the ballast being discharged shall be pressure tested and verified tight - Two valve separation between cargo and ballast is to be maintained In most cases this will require careful planning of the loading and deballasting operation to ensure, the requirement is met - The spool piece is to be removed and pipes blanked immediately on completion of the deballasting operation • Load ballast in cargo tanks and discharge all ballast tank water in deep ocean areas prior to arrival, with particular reference to Company approval, if tanks not normally designated for ballast water are to be used Two valve separation is to be maintained between the tanks being loaded and deballasted These valves are to be tested and verified prior to the operation 12.11 SAMPLE ANALYSI S CERTI FI CATE Vessels may avoid ballast changing in some circumstances by having their ballast water or harbour source samples analysed by a laboratory at the departure port Where the analysis shows the ballast or sediment to be free from unwanted aquatic organisms or pathogens an analysis certificate is to be provided by the Master to the Port State of arrival This must be carried out by fax several days prior to arrival in case the analysis is rejected, so that the ballast change procedures can be applied prior to arrival 12.12 MANUAL REMOVAL OF SOLI D ELEMENTS Care is to be taken when manually removing sediments while the ship is in port or in continental shelf waters, to ensure sediments are not discharged into these waters Sediments must be disposed of ashore and processed according to the local requirements A log book entry is to be made and receipts obtained This part applies to solid sediment discharges, and does not affect sediments that can be removed from the chain locker or wells by hand hosing TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 12 – BALLAST OPERATI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 12.13 BALLAST OPERATI ON PRECAUTI ONS 12.13.1 PERSONNEL SAFETY If tank entry is required to affect the taking of samples, carrying out a ballast tank inspection, or for manually removing solid sediments, then all the safety precautions and “Entry into Enclosed Space” Entry Permit Form SAF 11 Requirements must be complied with 12.13.2 SHI P’S SAFETY When planning and carrying out operations with ballast waters, the following factors must be taken into account: • Shear Force and Bending Moment • Stability and Free Surface Effect • Slack Tanks • Torsion Loads • Draft and Trim of the Vessel The Ship’s course and speed is to be properly set depending on the prevailing weather conditions Sufficient personnel must be available to allow safe monitoring of the operation 12.13.3 BALLAST TANK’S VENTI NG SYSTEM If it of paramount importance that all segregated and permanent ballast tank vents are properly set up and in good condition prior to any ballast operation All vent closures that are capable of manual operation must be in the open position The original design venting capability must be available at all times The vents are to be further checked soon after starting the operation to confirm that the tanks are venting freely Improperly set ballast vents can result in severe structural damage to the vessel Vent screens are to be kept free from paint as this can seriously reduce their volumetric capacity Great care is to be taken in conditions where icing is occurring In certain circumstances screens on ballast tank vents can become blocked by icing During ballast operations in such conditions, the responsible officer is to ensure that all precautions are adopted to ensure the free venting of ballast tanks, and that regular checks are made to ensure continuous free venting throughout the operation 12.13.4 PUMPI NG LI MI TATI ON During pumping of ballast care must be taken not to operate the pumps above the maximum safe rate In this respect the ballast pump capacity must be borne in mind with respect to the maximum ballasting rate of any given tank or sets of tanks When ballasting at sea in heavy weather, there is a significant risk to personnel on deck and it may be more prudent to “run in” the ballast by gravity to a number of tanks TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 12 – BALLAST OPERATI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 12.14 CATHODI C PROTECTI ON Uncoated clean ballast tanks have a sacrificial zinc anode system fitted to protect the entire tank structure Uncoated dirty ballast tanks have a sacrificial zinc anode system fitted to protect the bottom shell plating only to guard against pitting CBT product carriers with coated tanks have anodes fitted in designated ballast tanks, sufficient only to protect the tank coatings and the underlying steel in the event of a coating breakdown Care must be taken to avoid over protection in the tanks as this can lead to coating breakdown It is important that ballast is loaded into protected tanks only, and any deviation from this requirement in order to affect ballast control procedures must receive approval from the Company If loading ballast into tanks fitted with cathodic protection in a freshwater river or estuary it is also important to change the ballast at sea as soon as practical in order to achieve the full effect of the cathodic protection system TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 13 – EQUI PMENT 13 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of EQUI PMENT 13.1 REFERENCE PUBLI CATI ONS The following reference publications are to be read in conjunction with this section Publication Location Equipment Manufacturers Instruction Manuals Chief Officer International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) Chief Officer CFR 33 parts 125 to 199 Master 13.2 LOADI NG/ STRESS COMPUTER This instrument is provided to supplement the stability booklet for the vessel It allows the Officer responsible, to carry out the various complex calculations required to ensure that the ship is not overstressed or damaged during the carriage of the nominated cargoes It will also permit the assessment of damage stability It must be remembered that a loading computer, as with navigation aids, is only an aid to the operator It relies on human input of data, and more importantly the human interpretation of the output data If the input data is incorrect, the output data will also be incorrect Used correctly it will ensure the safe operation of the ship for all conditions of loading, discharging, ballasting and at all stages of the voyage It is a requirement that where such equipment is provided to a ship, test conditions must also be supplied for use in verifying the accuracy of the equipment It is Company policy that test conditions must be run as soon as possible after a change of Chief Officer and at least every three months and in any case prior to the vessel proceeding to drydock Where the running of these reveal significant errors the Company is to be advised immediately with a request for attention 13.3 P/ V VALVES Pressure/ Vacuum valves are designed to provide protection of all cargo tanks and provide for the flow of small volumes of tank atmosphere resulting from temperature variations in the cargo tank(s) and should operate in advance of the pressure/ vacuum breaker P/ V valves are to be clearly marked with their high pressure and vacuum opening pressures Hi-Jet type high velocity pressure/ vacuum valves are designed to provide protection to individual tanks and are capable of allowing high volumes of tank atmosphere to pass, as would be the case during loading They are also designed to throw the vented gases clear of the deck area They are not designed to be operated in the “jacked-open” position and should only be used in this way when there is no alternative The correct maintenance of these valves is essential to the safe operation of the vessel To ensure this, these valves are to be inspected regularly and thoroughly overhauled and decarbonised at least every six months, or more frequently if specified by the manufacturers instructions 13.4 FLAME ARRESTOR GAUZES Flame gauzes/ screens on P/ V valves, Hi-Jet type valves, vapour lines, mast risers, purge pipes, p/ v breakers and on ullage ports are to be inspected every three months and replaced as necessary TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 13 – EQUI PMENT Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Flame screens on ballast tank and bunker tank vents must be inspected every six months and replaced, as necessary 13.5 P/ V BREAKER Every inert gas system is required to be fitted with one or more pressure/ vacuum breakers or other approved devices These are designed to protect the cargo tanks against excessive pressure or vacuum and must therefore be kept in perfect working order by regular maintenance in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions When these are liquid filled it is important to ensure that the correct fluid is used and the correct level maintained for the density of the liquid used The level can normally only be checked when there is no pressure in the inert gas deck main Evaporation, condensation and possible ingress or sea water must be taken into consideration when checking the liquid condition, density and level In heavy weather, the pressure surge caused by the motion of the liquid in the cargo tanks may cause the liquid in the pressure/ vacuum breaker to be blown out When cold weather conditions are expected, liquid filled breakers must be checked to ensure that the liquid is suitable for low temperature use, and if necessary anti-freeze is to be added The P/ V breaker(s) are to be clearly marked with their high pressure and vacuum opening pressures and also with the type and volumetric concentration of antifreeze (if water filled type), and minimum operating temperature 13.6 DECK SEAL & NON RETURN CHECK VALVES On vessels fitted with an inert gas system it is a requirement to maintain a positive seal between the cargo tanks and the inert gas generation plant this is accomplished by the use of a non-return valve and a Deck Water Seal The water seal and non-return valve ensure that the cargo tank atmosphere cannot leak back to the engine room or inert gas generator In vessels fitted with a Venturi type “Dry” deck water seal, particular care must be taken with inspections of the Venturi non return valves and/ or orifice plates, as applicable, to ensure that there is no corrosion or damage which would allow excessive carry over of water into the inert gas piping system and cargo tanks Filters in the system must be removed regularly for inspection and repair if necessary When vessels are trading in cold weather areas it is essential that deck seal heating systems are checked as being operational During carriage of flammable cargoes, including when there is a presence of flammable slops onboard, the deck seal pump shall be kept operational on a continuous basis and all alarm systems relating to the pump pressure, or level of water in deck seal, shall be kept in full operation Deck seals and non-return valves shall be opened up at periods not exceeding 12 months for inspection of all internal parts, venturies etc 13.7 TANK GAUGI NG The components of all cargo and ballast tank level gauging equipment are to be operationally tested prior to every cargo operation and inspected/ cleaned as required, according to the maker’s instructions at least every six months TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 13 – EQUI PMENT Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 13.8 PUMPROOM BI LGE LEVEL ALARMS Pumproom bilge alarms are to be tested weekly, and prior to every cargo operation 13.9 PUMP SUCTI ON STRAI NERS The continued efficient operation of cargo pumps requires that the pump suction strainers are kept clean as follows:• Main cargo pump suction strainers are to be opened up for inspection and cleaning at least once every six months • Cargo stripping pump suction strainers are to be opened up for inspection and cleaning at least once per ballast voyage after tank cleaning has been completed • Ballast pump suction strainers are to be opened up for inspection and cleaning at least once every year 13.10 PUMP SAFETY DEVI CES Cargo and ballast pump safety devices are to be tested at least once per loaded voyage, just prior to the first discharge port, or monthly on voyages of short duration before commencement of discharge On satisfactory completion of the tests an appropriate log entry is to be made 13.11 TANK CLEANI NG EQUI PMENT Tank cleaning machines, when not being used regularly, are to be checked in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, at least every three months Tank cleaning hoses are to be checked for electrical continuity before each operation, should there be any doubt about their condition deteriorating since last routine testing (otherwise every three months) 13.12 GAS DETECTI ON EQUI PMENT Each vessel is supplied with portable gas detection equipment according to the list contained in the Safety Set Each piece of equipment is to be checked before each use A calibration check is to be carried out on all portable equipment every two months Fixed gas detection equipment is to be checked weekly or before each load/ discharge port on shorter voyages A calibration check is to be carried out every two months 13.13 PRESSURE GAUGES All manifold and other pressure instrumentation within the cargo system is to be checked annually for calibration Vessels are supplied with one test gauge (certified) for this purpose and all other gauges are to be checked against the calibrated gauge Gauges are to be checked within + / - 10% of the certified gauge and a certificate issued by the Chief Engineer An entry is also to be made in the deck log book The certified gauge is to be used only for calibration purposes Any gauges which cannot be calibrated to within + / - 10% of the certified gauge are to be replaced TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 13 – EQUI PMENT Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of 13.14 TANK HI GH LEVEL AND OVERFI LL ALARMS 13.14.1 HI GH LEVEL ALARMS Alarms shall be properly set and tested prior to each cargo operation For this purpose they shall not be set to higher level than 95% 13.14.2 TANK OVERFI LL ALARMS All tank overfill alarms shall be tested by manual lifting of the float, or other local test device, prior to each cargo operation, according to makers manual Tank overfill alarms are to be switched on and operational during all cargo operations Log entries are to be made confirming the above, with any defects being advised to the office immediately The audio and visual alarm positions on deck must be clearly identified with a stencil of 50mm height in black letters on white – “TANK OVERFILL ALARM” If each tank has a different alarm the tank must also be identified On chemical ships both a high level alarm and an overflow alarm may be fitted as a requirement of the IBC/ BCH Code Both systems must be totally independent of one another and give visual and audible alarms 13.15 TANK RADAR SYSTEMS Occasions have occurred where tank radar ullage indications have failed to indicate correctly, without warning Usually after cleaning of the transmitter antenna, as per the manufacturer’s instructions, the correct indication is restored All vessels fitted with tank radar ullage systems are to make routine cleaning of radar antennas prior to each cargo operation A notice is to be displayed in cargo control room to that effect 13.16 OI L DI SCHARGE MONI TORI NG AND CONTROL EQUI PMENT Vessels fitted with equipment for monitoring the discharge of effluent from slop tanks must ensure that this equipment is operational before any discharge is made The operation of this equipment must be in accordance with the approved “Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control Systems Operation Manual” A calibration check according to the manufacturers manual is to be carried out at intervals not exceeding one month Printed records from the monitoring equipment must be retained on board for inspection by surveyors 13.17 PORTABLE HERMETI C GAUGI NG AND SAMPLI NG EQUI PMENT Every vessel must be provided with a minimum of three units capable of closed measuring of ullages and temperatures One unit shall also be capable of determining interface readings Prior to each use, for determining cargo quantity the equipment shall be checked fully operational and calibration of temperature sensors checked against a certificated reference thermometer Each instrument shall be calibrated by an independent organisation once per annum TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 13 – EQUI PMENT Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Earthing requirements of the instrument must always be complied with, as per the manufacturers instructions Every vessel shall also be provided with a closed sampling device TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 14 – CARGO CALCULATI ONS 14 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of CARGO CALCULATI ONS 14.1 REFERENCE PUBLI CATI ONS The following reference publications are to be read in conjunction with this section Publication Location API/ ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables Vols I, II, VII, VIII & XI/ XII Ship’s Ullage and/ or sounding tables Ship’s “Trim and Stability Data/ Manual” (Approved by Class) Chief Officer Chief Officer Master 14.2 COMPANY FORMS The following Company Forms are to be used in conjunction with this section: Company Form No Title TNK 06 TNK 15 Ullage Report Vessel Experience Factor (Load) 14.3 GENERAL Cargo is bought and sold in various units of measurement These may be Barrels (Bbls) at 60F, Cubic metres (M3) @ 15C, Metric Tonnes in Vacuum, Metric Tonnes in Air and Long tons in Air Other conventions of measurement exist, and the purpose of this section is to show how the vessel may deal with any system of measurement without difficulty 14.4 ASTM TABLES In 1980, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) together with the London Institute of Petroleum (IP) and the American Petroleum Institute (API), introduced the new API/ ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables (further ASTM tables) Presently the set of ASTM tables consists of 14 volumes however only a few tables are required for onboard cargo calculations The following is the list of ASTM volumes (with description of required tables) each vessel should carry on board: For tankers carrying Crude Oils: • • • • • • Volume (tables 5A and 6A) Table 6A to be used for Crude Oils correction of volume to 60º F against API Gravity at 60º F (American Measurement System) Volume VII (Tables 53A and 54A) Table 54A to be used for Crude Oils Correction of volume to 15º C against Density at 15º C (Metric Measurement System) Volume XI/ XII (tables 1-4, 8-14 and 21, 22, 26-31, 34, 51, 52, 56-58) Tables for conversion between various Volume and Density Measures For tankers carrying Petroleum Products: TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 14 – CARGO CALCULATI ONS • • • • • • Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Volume II (Tables 5B and 6B) Table 6B to be used for petroleum Products correction of volume to 60º F against API Gravity at 60º F (American Measurement System) Volume VIII (Tables 53B and 54B) Table 54B to be used for Petroleum Products correction of volume to 15º C against Density at 15º C (Metric Measurement System) Volume XI/ XII (Tables 1-4, 8-14 and 21, 22, 26-31, 33, 34, 51, 52, 56-58) Tables for conversion between various Volume and Density Measures These sets of books together with ship’s Ullage Tables or Sounding tables provide everything required for calculating the quantities of oil cargoes on board the vessel 14.5 DENSI TY, RELATI VE DENSI TY AND API 14.5.1 DENSI TY Density is by definition measured in a vacuum at 15C Density x volume (M³ ) gives metric tonnes in vacuum Density – 0.0011 is known as “density in air” For example: 1000M³ at 15C of density 0.8560 is 856 metric tonnes (MT) in vacuum or 854.9 MT in air Use tables 54A or B in volumes VII and VIII 14.5.2 RELATI VE DENSI TY 15/ Relative density 15/ is the density of oil at 15C/ density of fresh water at 4C Relative density 15/ can be treated exactly the same way as density at 15C as it is almost the same Use table 54A or B in volumes VII or VIII or convert to API using table in volume XI/ XII 14.5.3 RELATI VE DENSI TY 60/ 60 ( SG) Relative density 60/ 60 is the density of cargo at 60F/ density of fresh water at 60F Convert this to density at 15C, or API using table in volume XI/ XII 14.6 VOLUME REDUCTI ON TO STANDARD TEMPERATURE There are several standard temperatures in use throughout the industry It is the Company policy that, except where tank calibrations are only in barrels, calculations of cargo quantity will be done using density at 15C and cubic metres as a volume measure If the density is given at 20C, as in Brazil or Rumania, it should be converted to 15C in the following way Product density @ 20C = 0.8764 Table 53B, Volume VIII, page 209 Call 20C “observed temperature” Corresponding density @ 15C is 0.8798 TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 14 – CARGO CALCULATI ONS Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Proceed with calculation using density @ 15C Reduce the volume to 15C with table 54B, or 60F with table 6B as appropriate 14.7 ULLAGE SHEETS Cargo quantities are to be calculated on the Company Ullage Report Form Temperatures must not be averaged among the cargo tanks but calculated tank by tank With heated cargoes, great care must be taken to establish the correct average temperature in each tank This can only be done with electronic probe thermometers Some cargoes however, will block the sensor of the thermometer If this occurs, glass thermometers are to be used in preference to blocking up all the ship’s electronic thermometers If glass thermometers have been used, a note are to be made on the Ullage Report Form Water dips can successfully be taken in almost any heated cargo, if the sounding rod is left on the bottom for a minute, and gently worked up and down Kolor Kut water finding paste should be used if possible, in preference to Vecom water finding paste as the Vecom paste tends to change colour in contact with suspended traces of water in the cargo, and may cause great errors in the recorded free water quantity 14.8 SHI P’S EXPERI ENCE FACTOR ( SEF OR VEF) Surveyors at a load port must always be given the information to calculate the Ship’s Experience Factor or Vessel Experience Factor TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 15 – MAI NTENANCE ROUTI NES 15 Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of MAI NTENANCE ROUTI NES 15.1 REFERENCE PUBLI CATI ONS The following reference publications are to be read in conjunction with this section Publication Location Equipment Manufacturers Instruction Manuals International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) CFR 33 parts 125 to 199 Chief Engineer Chief Officer Master 15.2 COMPANY FORMS The following Company Forms are to be used in conjunction with this section Company Form No TNK 09 Title Inert Gas Log 15.3 MAI NTENANCE ROUTI NES Within this particular section maintenance routines are required to maintain the cargo equipment operational The Master is responsible for ensuring that these are carried out at the specified intervals described with this manual For those vessels which have a computerised Planned Maintenance System this work is to be recorded electronically and a print out provided for quick access for any inspector who required this information The following items are to be contained in the maintenance records – Item Frequency Reference Electrical bonding check on transfer hoses Electrical bonding check on portable tank cleaning hoses Each operation Months 3.31.3 13.11/ 11.8 Pressure testing of Pressure testing of piping (1.5 x WP) Pressure testing of Pressure testing of pressure 12 Months 4.28 12 months Months Prior to each discharge 4.29.2 7.5 11.9 Air pressure testing of sea and overboard valves Each operation 3.25/ 4.29.1 Pump trips and emergency shutdowns Cargo and ballast pump safety devices Each operation Each voyage 4.14/ 8.6 13.10 Function testing and pressure testing of cargo valves Months 4.29 transfer hoses cargo, COW, ballast and bunker heating coils cargo and COW lines to working TANKER MANUAL SECTI ON 15 – MAI NTENANCE ROUTI NES Item Document Number Section Revision Number Page Number : : : VMS/ TNK/ 01 01 of Frequency Reference Each operation Manufacturers instructions Weekly 9.9/ 9.9 9.9 13.8 Each operation Each operation 13.14 13.14 Before/ after each operation 10.9 Checking of mast riser sumps Inspection and examination of cargo, ballast and void spaces Each operation Months 7.5 Run of test conditions of loading computer Months 13.2 Overhaul and decarbonisation of P/ V valves Inspection of flames screens within cargo systems Inspection of flame screens within ballast/ bunker systems P/ V breakers Months Months 13.3 13.4 13.4 13.15 Deck Seals I.G Non return valves Months Manufacturers instructions 12 Months 12 Months 13.6/ 9.9.1 13.6 Overhaul and inspection of tank gauging equipment Months 13.7 Opening up and cleaning of Cargo Pump strainers Opening up and cleaning of stripping pump strainers Opening up and cleaning of ballast pump strainers Months Each voyage 12 Months 13.10 13.10 13.10 Check of tank cleaning machines Months 13.12 Inert gas safety devices checks and operational tests Inert gas system inspection and maintenance including scrubber Test of pumproom bilge alarms Test of cargo and ballast tank high level alarms and sirens Test of cargo tank overfill alarms and sirens Purging of submersible pumps Calibration checks on portable gas measuring equipment (Recorded in Safety Set) Calibration checks on fixed gas measuring equipment Calibration checks on pressure gauges Calibration and test run of ODME Calibration check of hermetic temperature functions Annual independent calibration of hermetic gauges Months 13.13 Months 12 Months Monthly Each operation 12 Months 13.13 13.14 13.7 13.18 13.18 Cleaning of tank radar systems transmitters Each operation 13.16 Mooring winch brake testing 12 Months ... 1.4 VMS MANUALS Reference is to be made to the following VMS system “core” manuals which are issued to all types of vessels: • • • • • V Ships Management Manual Fleet Operating Manual Crew Manual. .. Manual Safety and Environmental Manual Ship Forms Manual VMS/ VMM/ 01 VMS/ FOM/ 01 VMS/ CRW/ 01 VMS/ SEM/ 01 VMS/ FMS/ 01 * The V Ships Management Manual is the umbrella manual of the VMS, and its... International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) Ship to Ship Transfer Guide (Petroleum) Safety in Oil Tankers Safety in Chemical Tankers IMDG Code Supplement