The ICS Guide has since become the standard reference work on chemical tanker operations, with subsequent editions taking particular account of the need for chemical tankers to comply with additional IMO regulations to ensure the prevention of pollution. It is recommended that a copy should be carried on board every tanker engaged in the carriage of chemicals by sea.This fourth editi on of the Guide is the result of substantial revision and updating.In response to feedback from users, and in order to improve access to important information, much of the content from the previous edition''''''''s appendices has been incorporated into the main body of the text, while being comp letely redrafted in the interests of improved understanding. The latest Guide reflects the continuing need for guidance on well established industry best practice, but also takes account of more recent developments which have emerged in the chemical trades. In particular, it should be noted that this updated edition addresses IMO''''''''s adoption, in May 2014, of important new SOLAS requirements for the fitting and use of inert gas on board chemical tankers
TANKER SAFETY GUIDE CHEMICALS FOURTH EDITION INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING Established in 1921, the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is the principal international trade association for shipowners, representing the global industry at IMO and the other international bodies that impact o n shipping Its membership comprises national shipowners' associations from 36 countries, covering all sectors and trades and over 80% of the world merchant fleet Wh ile the advice given in this Guide has been developed using the best information available, it is to be followed at the users' own risk No responsibility is accepted by Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited, or by the International Chamber of Shipping Limited, or by any firm, corporation or organisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of data, the compilation, publication or authorised translation, supply or sale of this guidance, for the accuracy of any information or advice given herein, or any omission herefrom or consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from use of this Guide, or from compliance with or adoption of guidance contained herein, even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable Cilre INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICALS) FOURTH EDITION Published by Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited 38 St Mary Axe, London, EC3A 8BH Tel Email Web +44 20 7090 1460 publications@marisec.org www.ics-shipping.org © Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited 2014 No translation of this guide into a foreign language may be made without the express permission of Maritime International Secretariat Services Limited TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICALS) FOREWORD TO THE FOURTH EDITION The first edition of the ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) was published in 1971 and complemented the first International Maritime Organization (IMO) Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk The ICS Guide was developed from a clear demand, from shipping companies and seafarers, for advice on best practice with respect to safety at sea The ICS Guide has si nce become the standard reference work on chemical tanker operations, with subsequent editions taking particular account of the need for chemical tankers to comply with additional IMO regulations to ensure the prevention of pollution It is recommended that a copy should be carried on board every tanker engaged in the carriage of chemicals by sea This fourth edition of the Guide is the result of substantial revision and updating In response to feedback from users, and i n order to improve access to important information, much of the content from the previous edition's appendices has been incorporated i nto the mai n body of the text, while being completely redrafted in the interests of improved understanding The latest Guide reflects the continui ng need for guidance on well established i ndustry best practice, but also takes account of more recent developments which have emerged in the chemical trades In particular, it should be noted that this updated edition addresses IMO's adoption, in May 2014, of important new SOLAS requirements for the fitting and use of inert gas on board ch emical tankers This followed an in depth IMO review of tanker safety- in which ICS participated - that has taken th e best part of a decade Earlier editions of this ICS Guide provided advice on the precautions to be taken prior to entering enclosed spaces and cargo tanks In the i nterveni ng years, serious enclosed space accidents have unfortunately continued to occur, primarily due to a failure to follow establish ed procedures The need for updated and improved guidance on this most important safety topic has therefore been given even greater emphasis, with separate chapters dedicated to both enclosed space entry precautions and to the correct use of nitrogen as an inerting medium A new feature introduced in this edition is the use of yellow coloured text boxes These contain a summary of information of adjacent text regarding a particular safety issue Although readers should pay particular attention to the advice provided in th ese yellow boxes, it should be understood that these only serve to amplify the main text, and that a full and careful reading of all advice relating to a particular subject is essential in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding Following the example of the previous edition, a model Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) has been i ncluded to encourage the presentation of data in a standard format This is particularly important w ith regard to emergency and first aid information, which needs to be readily identifiable and in a common layout When a ship is at sea, or at a remote terminal, external assistance may not be available, and easily accessible emergency advice is therefore vital Emphasis also continues to be given to the importance of ships and terminals completing the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist in advance of conducting any cargo operations in port, with a revised Checklist and full guidance for completion being incorporated as Appendices Last but not least, particular attention has been given to th e best means of instilling an effective safety culture throughout ch emical tanker operations, in which everyone involved thinks of 'safety first' and f ully understands that virtually every unsafe action is preventable No Guide of this nature can ever be complete, however much care and effort has gone into its preparation Comments and suggestions for improvements to the Guide are therefore always welcome, and should be addressed to: International Chamber of Shippi ng 38 St Mary Axe London EC3A 8BH E-mail: info@ics-shippi ng.org PURPOSE AND SCOPE The purpose of this ICS Guide is to provide those serving on ships carrying hazardous and noxious chemicals i n bulk with up to date information on recognised good practice i n safe and pollution free operations This Guide is i ntended for use on ships regulated under MARPOL Annex II (Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances) i ncluding oil tankers operating in accordance with Annex II when they are carrying chemical cargoes However, its contents are also relevant inter alia to shipping company managers, cargo i nterests, training i nstitutes and terminal operators The Guide is intended to be compatible with the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTI) in order to provide consistent safe advice and also to minimise the increasing burden associated with audits and vetti ng inspections This Guide is also a companion to the ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Liquefied Gas) The Guide's recommendations cannot cover every possible situation that may be encountered on a chemical tanker, but they provide wide general guidance on safe procedures and safe worki ng practices when handling and transporting chemicals in bulk In the interests of consistent and uniform safe working practices, it is recommended that a copy of this Guide be kept - and used - on board all chemical tankers Chemical tankers should also have on board ISGOTI, which should be consulted in conjunction with this Guide, especially whenever oil cargoes are carried The Guide deals primarily with operational matters and good safety practices It does not make recommendations on the construction or maintenance of chemical carriers or their equipment: such standards are set by IMO, national administrations and classification societies Likewise, the Guide does not address the operation of specific items of equipment or their repair In some cases, however, general reference is made to these matters as well as to relevant regulations It should be noted that this Guide is not i ntended to address commercial matters such as tank cleani ng standards, cargo quality maintenance or equipment performance, which (consistent w ith IMO regulations) may be determined by industrial practices and the requirements of cargo owners CONTENTS OF CD ACCOMPANYING THIS GUIDE The CO accompanying this fourth edition contains the full text of the Guide with a 'search function' The CO also contains printable/amendable versions of most appendices IMPORTANT NOTE It is emphasised that this Guide is intended to complement, not supersede, any company safety and operational guidelines or ship emergency plans, including safety management procedures required by the IMO International Safety Management (ISM) Code It should also be borne in mind that in all cases the advice given may be subject to local or national regulations, and that terminal operators have their own safety procedures which could affect cargo handling operations and the measures to be adopted in emergencies The Master and all personnel must be aware of and comply with those regulations and procedures Their existence will be highlighted by the use of the Ship/Shore Safety Checklist included in Appendix of this Guide which, together with its guidelines for completion, remains a fundamental part of establishing safe conditions for transport by sea of chemicals in bulk TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMiCAL5) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This edition of the ICS Tanker Safety Guide (Chemicals) continues the tradition of providing a consolidation of experience and best operating practice in the chemical tanker industry Its production would not have been possible without the assistance of those i ndividuals, companies and organisations that have so generously given thei r time and expertise to ensure its accuracy in the interests of the safe carriage of chem icals by sea Special gratitude is expressed to the dedicated members of the technical working group, who spent many meetings making sure that the text was both accurate and that it reflects industry best practice - Toralf S0renes of Odfjell (Chairman of the group), Arjan Kreuze of Jo Tankers, Bruno Caillard representi ng Armateurs de France, Jan Sloth M0ller of Maersk, Keith Dean of Stolt Tankers, Leif Gunnar Alvaer of Odfjell, Per Tyrsted Jorgensen of Eitzen Chemical, Per Winther Christensen of the Danish Shipowners' Association and Peter Maasland of Shell Particular mention is also made of the following i ndustry associations: the Chemical Distribution Institute (COi), the International Parcel Tankers' Association (IPTA), the International Association of lndependant Tanker Owners (lntertanko) and th e Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) These organisations have ki ndly provided a 'peer review' of the fourth edition in order to verify that the contents meet the needs of the wider industry and their advice and comments have been carefully considered in the d rafti ng of this industry publication CONTENTS PAGE FOREWORD TO THE FOURTH EDITION PURPOSE AND SCOPE DEFINITIONS 15 CHAPTER - HAZARDS AND PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS 21 1.1 Introduction 23 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 Physical Properties Density and specific gravity Volume expansion coefficient Melting point Vapour pressure 23 Boiling point Vapour density Viscosity Water solubility 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 Flammability Flash point Explosive/flammable limits 26 26 26 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 Static Electricity General Charge accumulation and relaxation in liquids Generation of static Static generation during cargo operations Static generation during tank cleaning Static generating portable equipment 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 Toxicity General 30 30 30 30 31 31 Exposure to toxicity Degrees of toxicity Exposure limits Precautionary principles 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 1.6.4 1.6.5 1.6.6 1.6.7 Chemicals that react with oxygen Chemicals that react with water Reaction of acids w ith water Incompatible chemicals Reaction with construction materials 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 Corrosive Substances General IBC Code requirements Reactivity General Unstable chemicals TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMiCAL5) 23 23 24 25 25 25 25 26 31 31 32 34 34 35 35 37 37 37 38 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 Hazardous Cargo Information Material Safety Data Sheet Contents of a Material Safety Data Sheet Inhibited cargoes CHAPTER - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS 2.1 38 38 38 39 41 Introduction 43 2.2 Moorings 43 2.3 Emergency Towing -off Pennants (Fi rewires) 43 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 Access to the Ship Means of access (gangways or accommodation ladders) Lighting Unau1horised persons Persons smoking or intoxicated 43 43 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 Warning Notices Permanent Temporary 44 44 44 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 Effects of Other Ships and Berths Other tankers at adjacent berths Chemical carrier operations at general cargo berths 45 4S 4S 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.7.4 Weather Precautions Wind conditions Electrical storms Cold weather Openings to the accommodation 45 4S 4S 4S 46 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 Machinery Spaces Funnel sources of ignition Blowing boiler tubes Cargo vapour 46 46 46 46 2.9 2.9.1 2.9.2 Pressure Surges Introduction Generation of pressure surge 47 47 47 2.10 2.10.1 2.10.2 Pumprooms and Enclosed Spaces Cargo pumprooms Enclosed spaces 48 2.11 Ship's Readiness to Move 48 2.12 Helicopter Operations 48 2.13 2.13.1 2.13.2 2.13.3 2.13.4 Communication Equipment Ship's radio transmission equipment Electrical maintenance and repairs Transmitting devices Personal electronic items 49 49 49 49 2.14 2.14.1 2.14.2 2.14.3 2.14.4 2.14.S 2.14.6 2.14.7 Hot Work General Assessment of hot work Hot work permit Preparation for hot work Checks by officer responsible for safety during hot work Action on completion of hot work Hot work flow chart 44 44 44 48 48 so 50 so so Sl Sl S2 S2 S3 2.15 Cold Work 54 2.16 Mechanically Powered Tools 54 2.17 Hand Tools 54 CHAPTER - SAFETY MANAGEMENT, TRAINING AND PPE SS 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 Impl ementing a Safety Culture What is a safety culture? Key features of an effective safety culture 57 57 58 3.3 The ISM Code 58 3.4 Company Responsibility 58 3.5 Safety Information for Shore Personnel 59 3.6 Outside Contractors 59 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 Risk Management Risk assessment terms Conducting risk assessments Risk assessment matrix 59 60 60 61 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 Safe Operations Routine operations Non-routine operations 61 61 62 3.9 Incident Investigations 63 3.10 3.1 0.1 3.1 0.2 3.1 0.3 3.1 0.4 3.1 0.5 3.1 0.6 3.1 0.7 3.1 0.8 3.1 0.9 3.1 0.10 Ship's Manning Responsibility Familiarisation Tanker specific training requirements Basic tanker training Advanced tanker training Crew communication Drills and exercises Crew schedules and minimum hours of rest Summary of STCW requirements - hours of work and rest Prevention of drug and alcohol abuse 63 63 64 64 64 65 65 66 66 66 67 3.11 3.11 3.1 1.2 3.1 1.3 3.11 3.1 1.5 3.11 3.11 3.1 1.8 3.11 3.11 10 3.1 1.11 3.11 12 3.11 13 3.1 1.14 3.11 15 3.11 16 3.1 1.17 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Atmosphere monitoring equipment Safe working clothing Protective clothing Toxic or corrosive substance protection Chemical resistant clothing (protective suits) Types of chemical resistant clothing Eye protection Hand protection Foot protection PPE matrix Respiratory protection Canister or filter type respirators Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Air line breathing system Emergency escape respiratory protection Maintenance Training 67 67 68 68 68 69 69 73 73 73 73 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMiCAL5) CHAPTER - REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 77 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Regulatory Guidelines 79 4.3 4.3 IMO MARPOL Regulations MARPOL Annex I - Prevention of Pollution by Oil MARPOL Annex II - Prevention of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances MARPOL Annex VI - Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships 79 80 83 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 IMO International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Sh ips carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) Tank types Summary of IBC Code requirements lnerting and padding Damage stability 4.5 Inert Gas Requirements for Chemical Carriers 87 4.6 IMO Ballast Water Convention 88 4.3 4.3.3 4.4 CHAPTER - SHIP AND EQUIPMENT 81 83 84 86 86 87 89 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 cargo Tanks 91 5.3 Monitoring Equipment Introduction Alarms and shutdowns Air supply to control systems Liquid level gauges Overfill detection systems Pressure indicating devices Temperature monitoring equipment 92 Atmosphere Monitoring General General precautions Oxygen analysers Flammable gas detectors Toxic gas detectors 98 98 98 5.3 5.3 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3 5.3.7 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 5.5 92 93 94 94 96 96 97 99 100 101 103 5.5.1 cargo Pumps General 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.5.4 5.5.5 Oeepwell pumps Cargo pumprooms Booster pumps Emergency cargo pumps 5.6 Piping Systems and Valves 105 5.7 cargo Manifold 106 5.8 Venting Systems and P/V Valves 107 5.9 Vapour Return Systems 108 5.10 Heating and Cooling Systems 109 5.11 Tank Washing Systems Fixed tank washing machines Portable tank washing machines and hoses 110 110 5.11 5.11 103 103 104 104 105 111 Material Name MSDS Version Number Effective Date: _ / _ / _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) Composition/information on ingredients Common Name: Synonyms: Preparation Description: Additional Information: Note: Hazardous ingredients such as inhibitors, denaturing agents etc must be listed First aid measures ' Inhalation: Skin Contact: Eye Contact: Ingestion: Most Important Symptoms/Effects Acute & Delayed: Recommended Immediate Medical Attention and Speaal Treatment: Fire-fighting measures Specific Hazards Arising from the Chemical: Suitable Extinguishing Media (including equipment and techniques): Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Fire-Fighters: Accidental release measures Personal Precautions, ProteCllve Equipment and Emergency Procedures: Environmental Precautions: Methods and Materials for Containment and Clean-up: Additional Advice: TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICAl.Sl Material Name MSDS Version Number Effective Date: _ I _ I _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) Handling and storage General Precautions: Precautions for Safe Handling: Conditions for Safe Storage: Recommended Materials: Unsuitable Materials: Other Advice (including incompatibilities with other cargoes/products): Exposure controls/personal protection Control Parameters: e.g Occupational Exposure Limit Values (e.g PEls, TLVs, MAKs): Appropriate Technical Precautions: Individual Protection Methods: Respiratory Protection: Hand Protection: Eye Protection: Protective Clothing: Thermal Hazards: Monitoring Methods: Environmental Exposure Controls: Material Name MSDS Version Number Effective Date: _ / _ / _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) Physical and chemical properties Appearance: (physical state colour, etc.) Odour Odour Threshold: pH: Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: Pour Point: Flash Point: Melting Point Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosion Limits: Auto-Ignition Temperature: Vapour Pressure: Relative Density: Water Solubility: Solubility in Other Solvents: Dynamic Viscosity: Kinematic Viscosity: Vapour Density (air=l): Evaporation Rate (nBuAc= 1): Flammability: ' 10 Stability and reactivity Chemical Stability: Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible Materials: Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hazardous Polymerisation: Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact: TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICAl.Sl Material Name MSDS Version Number Effective Date: _ I _ I _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) 11 Toxicological information Basis for Assessment (including symptons and chronic effects): Likely Routes of Exposure: Acute Oral Toxicity: Acute Dermal Toxicity: Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Respiratory Irritation: Respiratory or Skin Sensitisation : Aspiration Hazard: Germ Cell Mutagenic Hazard: Carcinogenicity: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity: Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Single Exposure: Specific Target Organ Toxicity - Repeated Exposure: 12 Ecological information Basis for Assessment: Acute Toxicity: Fish: Aquatic Invertebrates: Algae: Microorganisams: Mobility/Mobility tn Soil: Persistence/Degradability: Bioaccumulation Potential: Other Adverse Effects: Material Name MSDS Version Number Effective Date: _ / _ / _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) 13 Disposal considerations Information on Safe Handling: Material Disposal: Container Disposal: Local Legislation: Note: Annex If of MARPOL 73178 also regulates rhe discharge of residues for chemical liquids transported in bulk , 14 Transport information UN Number: UN Proper Shipping Name: Ship Type: IBC Code - Product Name, Ship Type and Pollution Category: Transport Hazard Class(es): Special Transport Precautions: Note: The product name, ship type and pollution category should be provided in this section ' 15 Regulatory information Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations: Note: This will include safety, health and environmental regulations specific to the product and designated region, as appropriate 16 Other information Version Number: Date of Issue (or revision): Issuing Source: TANKER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICAl.Sl INHIBITED CARGO CERTIFICATE Issued by: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Shipper/Manufadurer/Refinery: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Port: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Date: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) TerminaVBerth: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Time: This is to certify that, on this day• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) MV _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Loaded a cargo o f : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Into cargo t a n k s : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The above cargo was inhibited on the (date): _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (DD/MM/YYYY) Name of inhibitor: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The inhibitor is/is not oxygen dependent Minimum level of oxygen required in the vapour space (if dependent): - - - - - - - - - - - Concentration of inhibitor in c a r g o : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Duration of effectiveness of inhibitor: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Temperature limitation qualifying the inhibitor's effedive lifetime: - - - - - - - - - - - - - Expected duration of the voyage: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Has additional inhibitor been s u p p l i e d ? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Aet1on to be taken if the duration of the voyage is expected to exceed the life of the inhibitor: Cargo received on board Date: - - - - - - - - - (DD/MM/YYYY) Port: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TerminaVberth: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Master/Chief O f f i c e r : - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Shore inspector: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ENCLOSED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT* This permit relates to entry into any enclosed space and should be completed by 1he Master or responsible person and by any persons entenng the space e.g competent person and attendant General Location of enclosed space(s): Reason for entry: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Permit valid From _ _ _ _ _ Date _ (DD/M ~NYYYY) To Date (DDIMM/YYYY) (See Note 1) SECTION - PRE· ENTRY PREPARATION 1To be che Has the space been segregated by blanking off or isolating all connecting pipelines or valves and electrical power/equipment? Has the space been cleaned where necessary? Has the space been tested and found safe for entry? (See Note 2) Pre-entry atmosphere test reaclngs•• (See Note 3): I Test reading: Oxygen _ _ % vol (21%) Hydrocarbon _ _ % lfl (less than 1%) Toxic gases _ _ ppm (less than 50% OEL of the specific gas) I Time I It should be noted that this is a generic entry permi1 that may be used for all enclosed spaces on board all ships ** Note tha1 national requirements may determine t he safe atmosphere range TANrER SAFETY GUIDE (CHEMICALS) Initials Confirmed Initials Confirmed Initials Have arrangements been made for regular atmosphere checks to be made while the space is occupied? Have a11angements been made for the space to be continuously ventilated throughout the period of occupation and during work breaks? After work breaks are arrangements in place to ensure re-testing of the atmosphere? Are access and illumination adequate? Is rescue and resuscitation equipment available for immediate use by the entrance to the space? Has an attendant been designated to be in constant attendance at the entrance to the space? Has the officer of the watch (bridge engine room cargo control room) been advised of the planned entry? Has a system of communication between all parties been tested and emergency stgnals agreed? Are emergency and evacuation procedures established and understood by all personnel involved with the enclosed space entry? Is all equipment used in good working condition and inspected prior to entry? Are personnel properly clothed and equipped ? SECTION - PRE-ENTRY CHECKS \To bP r hp-k@d by p;i-h p!Y all cases rhe checks listed t1nder Section mus1 additiona!ly be completed Has t~ space R~ent1y been tested and found S