DETAILING FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION T L DETAILIN ON TI E OF S G UT IT EE AL INS T THIRD EDITION N A Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page DETAILING FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION Third Edition Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page AISC © 2009 by American Institute of Steel Construction ISBN 1-56424-059-2 All rights reserved This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher The AISC logo is a registered trademark of AISC The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability, and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer, or architect The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Institute of Steel Construction or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or of freedom from infringement of any patent or patents Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition The Institute bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition Printed in the United States of America First Printing: August 2009 Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION The purpose of the Third Edition of Detailing for Steel Construction is to update the Second Edition to be consistent with the most current AISC publications In particular, this edition references the following: 2005 AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings 2005 AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION By, the AISC Committee on Manuals and Textbooks, William A Thornton, Chairman Barry L Barger, Vice-Chairman Charles J Carter Robert O Disque Lanny J Flynn William R Lindley II Thomas Murray Davis G Parsons II Victor Shneur Scott Undershute Michael A West Harry Cole Marshall T Ferrell Mark V Holland Leonard R Middleton Charles R Page David T Ricker Marc Sorenson Gary C Violette Christopher M Hewitt, Secretary and its Adjunct Subcommittee on Detailing Robert Beauchamp Hugh Dobbie, Sr Robert H Englert, Jr John T Linn David E Morris Kenneth Voelte John Quinn Keith Burnham William G Dyker Michael I Gilmor David L McKenzie John G Shaw Bill Duncan in coordination with the following NISD members, who developed the figures for this book Robert Beauchamp Charles E Blier John Linn Maurice Roy Annemarie Bristow Florian Lebrasseur Tony Poulin Michel Villemure The committee also gratefully acknowledges the following people for their contributions to this book: Michel Cloutier, Harry A Cole, Timothy Egan, Areti Carter, Louis Geschwindner, Keith Grubb, John L Harris, Chris Harms, Cynthia Lanz, Keith Mueller, Janet S Tuegel, Jerry Loberger, Thomas J Schlafly, William Segui, Mark A Snyder, Ramulu S.Vinnakota, and John Wong Detailing for Steel Construction • Preface-3 Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Introduction 1-1 The Construction Process and the Detailer’s Role 1-1 Raw Material 1-2 Characteristics of Steel 1-4 Physical Properties 1-4 Specifications for Structural Steel 1-5 Steel Production 1-6 Mill Tolerances 1-6 Calculation of Weights 1-6 Bills for Shipping and Invoicing Finished Parts 1-7 CNC Files 1-7 Fabricating Structural Steel 1-10 Material Handling and Cutting 1-10 Template Making 1-11 Laying Out 1-11 Punching and Drilling 1-11 Straightening, Bending, Rolling and Cambering 1-12 Fitting and Reaming 1-12 Fastening Methods 1-13 Bolting 1-13 Welding 1-13 Finishing 1-13 Machine Shop Operations 1-14 Cleaning and Painting 1-14 Shipping 1-14 CHAPTER Contract Documents and the Detailing Process 2-1 A New Project 2-1 Estimating 2-1 Contract Between the Fabricator and the Customer 2-2 Plans and Specifications 2-6 Design Information 2-6 Engineering Design Data 2-7 Types of Columns 2-7 Column Schedules 2-7 Distribution of Plans and Specifications 2-9 Steel Detailing Group 2-9 Contract Document Errors 2-11 Detailing Quality 2-11 Specification and Code Requirements 2-12 OSHA Safety Regulations for Steel Erection 2-12 Scope of the Standard 2-12 Definitions 2-12 Tripping Hazards 2-12 Roof and Floor Holes and Openings 2-12 Column Anchor Rods 2-14 Minimum Erection Bolts 2-14 Double Connections 2-15 Column Splice Strength 2-15 Column Splice Locations 2-15 Column Splice Height at Perimeter Columns/ Perimeter Safety Cable Attachments 2-16 Joist Stabilizer Plates at Columns 2-16 Joists 2-17 Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings 2-17 CHAPTER Common Connection Details 3-1 Types of Fasteners 3-1 ASTM A325 and A490 High-Strength Bolts 3-1 ASTM F1852 Twist-Off-Type Tension-Control Bolts and Alternative Design Fasteners 3-1 ASTM A307 Bolts 3-1 Forces in Bolts 3-1 Shear 3-3 Bearing in Bolted Shear Connections 3-5 Edge Distances 3-6 Snug-Tightened and Pretensioned Bearing Connections 3-6 Slip-Critical Connections 3-7 Tension Joints 3-8 Joints with Fasteners in Combined Shear and Tension 3-8 Bearing Connections in Combined Tension and Shear 3-8 Slip-Critical Connections in Combined Tension and Shear 3-8 Beam Reactions 3-8 Common Bolted Shear Connections 3-9 Double-Angle Connections 3-9 Shear End-Plate Connections 3-10 Seated Beam Connections 3-11 Unstiffened Seated Connections 3-11 Stiffened Seated Connections 3-13 Single-Plate Connections 3-15 Single-Angle Connections 3-15 Tee Connections 3-16 Forces in Welds 3-16 Forces in Concentrically Loaded Fillet Welds 3-17 Limitations on Length and Size of Fillet Welds 3-19 Strength of Connected Material 3-21 Forces in Complete-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds 3-23 Forces in Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds 3-24 Detailing for Steel Construction • TOC-5 Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page Common Welded Shear Connections 3-24 Double-Angle Connections 3-25 Cases I 3-25 Cases II 3-25 Cases III 3-25 Designs of Double-Angle Connections 3-27 Cases I and II 3-27 Cases III 3-27 Seated Beam Connections 3-27 Unstiffened Seated Connections 3-27 Stiffened Seated Connections 3-29 End-Plate Connections 3-30 Single-Plate Connections 3-30 Single-Angle Connections 3-31 Tee Connections 3-31 Connections Combining Bolts and Welds 3-31 Selecting Connections 3-31 Shear Connections 3-31 Framed and Seated Connections—Bolted 3-33 Framed Connections 3-33 Seated Connections 3-33 Shop Welded, Field Bolted 3-33 Framed and Seated Connections 3-33 Framed and Seated Connections—Field Clearances 3-33 Example 3-35 Example 3-37 Example 3-37 Offset and Skewed Connections 3-39 Moment Connections 3-39 Column Splices 3-42 Bearing on Finished Surfaces 3-43 HSS Columns 3-45 Truss Connections 3-45 Truss Panel Point Connections—Welded Trusses 3-45 Connection Design 3-47 Amount of Weld Required 3-47 Truss Chord Splices—Welded 3-48 Top Chord Connection to Column 3-50 Bottom Chord Connection to Column 3-51 Shims and Fillers 3-52 CHAPTER Basic Detailing Conventions 4-1 Good Detailing Practices 4-1 General Drawing Presentation and Drafting Practices 4-1 Material Identification and Piece Marking 4-2 Advance Bills of Material 4-2 Shop Bills of Material 4-2 Beam and Column Details 4-2 Bolting and Welding 4-2 Shop and Field Considerations 4-4 TOC-6 • Detailing for Steel Construction Clearance Requirements 4-4 Tolerances 4-4 Systems of Sheet Numbers and Marks 4-4 Sheet Numbers 4-5 Shipping and Erection Marks 4-5 Assembly Marks 4-5 Right- and Left-Hand Details 4-5 As-Shown and Opposite-Hand Columns 4-6 Details on Right and Left Columns 4-7 Steel Detailing Economy 4-9 Bolts 4-9 Identification 4-9 Symbols 4-9 Holes 4-11 Installation 4-11 Welding 4-11 Joint Prequalification 4-12 Welding Processes 4-13 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) 4-13 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) 4-13 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 4-13 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) 4-13 Electrogas Welding (GMAW-EG) or (FCAW-EG) 4-13 Electroslag Welding (ESW) 4-15 Stud Welding 4-15 Resistance Welding 4-15 Welding Electrodes 4-15 Weld Types 4-16 Fillet Welds 4-16 Groove Welds 4-16 Plug and Slot Welds 4-20 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots 4-21 Welding Positions 4-21 Economy in Selection of Welds 4-22 Welding Symbols 4-22 Shop Fillet Welds 4-22 Shop Groove Welds 4-29 Partial-Joint-Penetration Groove Welds 4-31 Stud Welds 4-32 Shop Plug and Slot Welds 4-33 Field Welds 4-33 Nondestructive Testing Symbols 4-33 Other Welding and Testing Symbols 4-34 Painting 4-34 Galvanizing 4-35 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel 4-39 Special Fabricated Products 4-40 OSHA Safety Requirements and Avoiding Unerectable Conditions 4-40 CHAPTER Project Set-Up and Control 5-1 Pre-Construction Conference 5-1 Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page Project-Specific Connections 5-3 Coordination with Other Trades 5-3 Advance Bill for Ordering Material 5-3 Advance Bill Preparation 5-6 Columns 5-6 Welded Girders 5-7 Trusses 5-7 Beams, Purlins and Girts 5-7 Detail Material 5-8 Pipe 5-8 HSS Products 5-8 Rails and Accessories 5-8 Miscellaneous Items 5-8 Rolling and Bending 5-8 Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS) 5-8 References 5-9 Detailing Kick-off Meeting Sample Agenda 5-9 CHAPTER Erection Drawings 6-1 Erection Drawings 6-1 Guidelines 6-4 Special Instructions for Mill (Industrial) Buildings 6-5 Special Instructions for Tier Buildings 6-5 Method of Giving Field Instructions 6-5 Bolting 6-5 Welding 6-5 Locating Marks 6-6 Field Alterations 6-9 Temporary Support of Structural Steel Frames 6-9 Erection Aids 6-10 Erection Seats 6-10 Lifting Lugs 6-11 Column Lifting Devices 6-11 Column Stability and Alignment Devices 6-12 Single-Plate, Single-Angle and Tee Connections 6-12 Matchmarking 6-12 CHAPTER Shop Drawings and Bills of Materials 7-1 Anchor Rod and Embedment Plans and Associated Details 7-1 Anchor Rod Plans and Details 7-1 Base Plates 7-14 Anchor Rods 7-14 Grillage 7-16 Embedded Material 7-16 Columns 7-18 Drawing Arrangement 7-18 Column Faces 7-19 Sections 7-19 Combined Details 7-20 Column Marking 7-20 Column Details—Bolted Construction 7-20 Column Details—Welded Construction 7-24 Unstiffened Seat Details—Bolted 7-25 Stiffened Seat Details 7-27 Beams and Girders 7-29 Connection Angle Details 7-30 Beam Gages 7-32 Cutting for Clearance 7-32 Dimensioning 7-32 Shipping Marks, Billing and Notes 7-34 Typical Framed Beam Details 7-34 Dimensioning to Channel Webs 7-36 Use of Extension Dimensions 7-36 Framed Connections to Columns—Bolted 7-39 Seat Details—Bolted 7-39 Typical Framed Beam Connections—Welded 7-40 Seat Details—Welded 7-42 Other Types of Connections 7-42 Shear End-Plate 7-42 Single Plate 7-42 Single Angle 7-42 Tee 7-44 Camber 7-44 Wall-Bearing Beams 7-44 Trusses 7-45 Types of Construction 7-45 Typical Detailing Practice 7-46 General Arrangement of Details 7-46 Layout and Scales 7-46 Symmetry and Rotation 7-49 Dimensioning 7-50 Camber in Trusses 7-50 Bottom Chord Connection to Column 7-50 Stitch Fasteners and Welded Fills 7-51 Bracing Systems 7-52 Shop-Welded – Field-Bolted Construction 7-52 Truss Bracing 7-52 Pretension (Draw) in Tension Bracing 7-56 Vertical Bracing 7-58 Double-Angle Bracing 7-58 Knee Brace Connections 7-58 Shop-Welded – Field-Welded Construction 7-58 Shop-Bolted – Field-Bolted Construction 7-62 Skewed, Sloped and Canted Framing 7-64 Built-up Framing 7-64 Crane Runway Girders 7-64 Columns 7-67 Roof Columns—Light Work 7-67 Crane and Roof Columns 7-69 Roof and Wall Framing 7-69 Purlins 7-69 Eave Struts 7-71 Detailing for Steel Construction • TOC-7 Detailing_CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page Girt Framing 7-72 Field Bolt Summary 7-74 Nonstructural Steel Items 7-78 Detailing Errors 7-78 Dimensional 7-78 Bills of Material 7-78 Missing Pieces 7-78 Clearance for Welding 7-78 Clearance for Bolting 7-80 Clearance for Field Work 7-80 Other Detailing Errors 7-83 CHAPTER Detailing Quality Control and Assurance 8-1 Checking 8-1 Back-Checking 8-2 Approval of Drawings 8-2 Fit Check 8-2 Maintenance of Records 8-3 Contract Document Control/Revisions 8-3 Shop and Field Document Control/Revisions 8-6 REFERENCES References-1 APPENDIX A Large Format Drawings A-1 APPENDIX B Engineering Fundamentals B-1 Definitions B-1 Structure B-1 Members B-1 TOC-8 • Detailing for Steel Construction Tension Members B-1 Compression Members B-2 Bending Members B-2 Loads (Classified by Origin) B-6 Dead Load B-6 Live Load B-6 Other Loads B-8 Loads (Classified by Type) B-8 Equilibrium B-8 Internal Forces B-10 Trusses B-10 Beams B-10 Stresses B-16 Engineering Properties of Steel B-18 Load and Resistance Factor Design: LRFD B-19 Reference B-23 APPENDIX C Electronic Data Exchange C-1 Direct Benefits of Information Sharing C-1 Data Format C-1 Scale C-2 Quality Control C-2 Where We Are Today C-2 APPENDIX D SI Units for Structural Steel Design D-1 GLOSSARY Glossary-1 INDEX Index-1 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 10 INDEX Index-10 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 11 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-1 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 12 NOTES Notes-2 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 13 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-3 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 14 NOTES Notes-4 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 15 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-5 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 16 NOTES Notes-6 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 17 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-7 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 18 NOTES Notes-8 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 19 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-9 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 20 NOTES Notes-10 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 21 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-11 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 22 NOTES Notes-12 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 23 NOTES Detailing for Steel Construction • Notes-13 Detailing_CH13_Index 7/1/09 1:58 PM Page 24 NOTES Notes-14 • Detailing for Steel Construction .. .DETAILING FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION T L DETAILIN ON TI E OF S G UT IT EE AL INS T THIRD EDITION N A Detailing_ CH00_Prelims 6/2/09 8:03 AM Page DETAILING FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION Third Edition Detailing_ CH00_Prelims... materials CHAPTER 1-8 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_ CH01 6/2/09 8:07 AM Page INTRODUCTION Figure 1-3b Sample bill of lading Detailing for Steel Construction • 1-9 Detailing_ CH01 6/2/09... 2-4 • Detailing for Steel Construction Detailing_ CH02 6/2/09 8:09 AM Page CONTRACT DOCUMENTS AND THE DETAILING PROCESS Figure 2-2c Sample operating data sheet, continued Detailing for Steel Construction