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MARGA KOELEN ACADEMIC SKILLS E-mail: m.t.koelen@utwente.nl / koelen@itc.nl Internet: http://www.itc.nl/library Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/LibITC Blog: http://blogs.itc.nl/itc-library Member Themagroep Duurzame Toegang tot Informatie of the Netherlands National Commission for UNESCO http://www.unesco.nl 2014 FACULTY ITC UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE In 2010 ITC became a faculty of the University of Twente (UT)  Distinctive character and mission is preserved  More firmly embedded in Dutch academic education system  It will lead to innovative research and education in different areas Copyright Gerard Kuster M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 HIGH TECH HUMAN TOUCH  An entrepreneurial campus university established in 1961  More than 10,000 students  3,300 staff members M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 LOCATION THE NETHERLANDS IN THE CULTURAL HEARTLANDS OF EUROPE Enschede A distinctive modern and lively university town At the Eastern border of the Netherlands Surrounded by remarkable spots of natural beauty and tranquility Excellent connections to Amsterdam, Brussels, Paris, London, Zurich and Berlin An ideal center of operations M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 FACULTY OF GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION Copyright Gerard Kuster Copyright Gerard Kuster M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 ITC ESTABLISHED IN 1950 BY MINISTER WILLEM SCHERMERHORN 1950 I nternational T raining C entre for Aerial Survey, ITC 1968 International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences, ITC 1985 International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, ITC 2002 International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, ITC 2010 Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, ITC University of Twente M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 WHAT’S ITC ALL ABOUT? GEO-INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, WORLDWIDE AND INNOVATIVE  One of the world’s foremost education and research establishments in geo-information science and earth observation  A wide range of disciplines and activities in this field  Contribute to capacity building in developing countries and emerging economies  Solving real world problems  Multicultural environment with staff and students from over 175 countries M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 KEY FIGURES 2013  939 newly registered students  348 degrees/diplomas/certificates awarded  161 registrants for the graduate programme (31 December)  44 external projects  More than 20,000 alumni from 175 countries M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 SIX SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENTS OPERATING AS CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE  Covering the different fields of disciplinary interest that encompass ITC's core mission:  Earth Observation Science  Earth Systems Analysis  Geo-information Processing  Natural Resources  Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-information Management  Water Resources M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 10 READ THE KEYWORDS  African rainforests;  Biomass models; Carbon flux;  Hyperion; IKONOS; ALI; ETM+; Most sensitive Hyperion bands;  Hyperion vegetation indices  Accuracy assessments;  Broadbands; Narrowbands Some more specific concepts here (compared to the title) M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 51 READ THE ABSTRACT In less than 300 words the abstract covers  Rationale Why the work was done  Objectives What the work was intended to accomplish  Methods What was done to meet the objectives  Results What happened when the methods were applied  Conclusions What the authors conclude from the study From here you can decide which sections are important to you  Note: Abstracts are available in research databases such as ScienceDirect even if the full-text is restricted M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 52 READ THE TOPIC SENTENCES First sentences of a paragraph M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 53 EXAMPLE TOPIC SENTENCES In most papers the topic of the paragraph is given in in the first (“topic”) sentence E.g.topic sentence is: 1.“The ETM+ 8-bit DNs were converted to radiances using the equation: “ this is what we were looking for “This can also be expressed as: ” (another form of the equation) The rest of the section has details of the application of these equations M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 54 EXAMPLE TOP LEVEL The first-level headings are numbered from – 7: 1 Introduction and rationale 2 Methods – field data collection 3 Methods – image processing 4 Methods – image data analysis 5 Results and discussion – use of images to predict biomass 6 Results and discussions – use of images to separate LULC classes 7 Conclusions M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 55 EXAMPLE SECOND LEVEL The second-level headings under “Methods – image processing” are: 3.1 Data sets 3.2 Image rectification and registration 3.3 Normalization Section 3.3 “Normalization” is likely to deal with making images comparable M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 56 EXAMPLE THIRD LEVEL The third-level headings under 3.3 “Normalization” are: 3.3.1 Hyperion data to radiance 3.3.2 IKONOS data to radiance 3.3.3 ALI data to radiance 3.3.4 ETM+ data to radiance 3.3.5 Radiance to reflectance 3.3.6 Surface reflectance Obviously, section 3.3.4 deals with the ETM+ sensor data M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 57 GOING DEEPER IN THE PAPER  Figure and table captions (what they are about)  Figures (visualization)  Structure (n.b., also in PDF sidebar) Section headings 1.1 Subsection headings 1.1.1 Subsubsection headings M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 58 EXAMPLES FIGURES AND TABLES Figures some examples: 1.The new generation satellite sensor images of the study area in the Congo River basin, southern Cameroon 2.Nine rainforest land use/land cover classes selected for forest classification 3.Allometric dry weight biomass equation development 4.Mean spectral profile of rainforest Tables some examples: 1.Image acquisition date and spatial, spectral, and radiometric sensor characteristics of data used in this study 2.Distribution of tree, shrub, and weed species in the 30x30 m ground plots 3.Highest loaded wavebands for principal components to for each sensor 4.Best Hyperion wavebands for predicting rainforest vegetation dry weight biomass M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 59 PURPOSE OF CITATIONS 1.To present definitions and concepts 2.To present opinions that are not yours and allow the reader to go back to the original and check if you correctly summarized it 3.To present data and results that are not from your own research and allow readers of your work to find the original source if they want 4.To refer to previous work on your topic which places your study in its context From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 60 PURPOSE OF CITATIONS They refer to standard methods so that you don’t have to repeat them in your text To provide detailed justification of mathematical or statistical methods and formulas, so you don’t have to derive or defend them To refer to other studies related to your results, with which you should compare, in your ‘Results’ chapter To allow the reader of your work material to go deeper into a topic than was necessary for your purposes From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 61 WHEN NOT TO USE A REFERENCE If it’s your idea or result (e.g ‘On closer observation, it was obvious that the water samples all contained insect larvae ’) If the fact is known to any person with a relevant education (for the intended audience) sensing has an advantage over aerial photography: large areas are imaged all at once.’) (e.g ‘Satellite remote If the fact can be found in a standard secondary-school or general reference (e.g how to calculate the perimeter of a rectangle: 2x (length + width)) If the fact is more or less fixed and can be verified in many ways (e.g ‘Cuba is a Caribbean nation ’) From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 62 PURPOSE OF THE LIST OF REFERENCES The list of references is: an appendix to a thesis or paper which lists the sources that are cited in the text From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 63 WHAT ITEMS MUST APPEAR IN THE REFERENCE LIST? Every citation in the text must appear in the reference list Every reference in the reference list must appear as a citation in the text From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 64 WHAT MUST APPEAR IN THE CITATION? There must be sufficient information given for readers to find the same source From: Research concepts and skills, April 2013 : Vol Skills D Rossiter M Th Koelen Head Department Embedded Information Services 03/28/19 65