PC hardware in a nutshell

This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] • • • • • Table of Contents Index Reviews Reader Reviews Errata PC Hardware in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition By Robert Bruce Thompson, Barbara Fritchman Thompson Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: July 2003 ISBN: 0-596-00513-X Pages: 874 A longtime favorite among PC users, the third edition of the book now contains useful information for people running either Windows or Linux operating systems Written for novices and seasoned professionals alike, the book is packed with useful and unbiased information In addition to coverage of the fundamentals and general tips about working on PCs, the book includes chapters focusing on motherboards, processors, memory, floppies, hard drives, optical drives, tape devices, video devices, input devices, audio components, communications, power supplies, and maintenance [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] • • • • • Table of Contents Index Reviews Reader Reviews Errata PC Hardware in a Nutshell, 3rd Edition By Robert Bruce Thompson, Barbara Fritchman Thompson Publisher: O'Reilly Pub Date: July 2003 ISBN: 0-596-00513-X Pages: 874 Dedication Copyright Foreword Preface Audience Organization Conventions We'd Like to Hear from You Acknowledgments Chapter Fundamentals Section 1.1 PCs Defined Section 1.2 PC Components and Technologies Section 1.3 System Resources Section 1.4 Building or Buying a PC Section 1.5 Upgrading a PC Section 1.6 Smart Buying Practices Section 1.7 Things to Do with Old PCs Chapter Working on PCs Section 2.1 Rules to Upgrade By Section 2.2 Tools Section 2.3 General Procedures Chapter Motherboards Section 3.1 Motherboard Characteristics Section 3.2 Choosing a Motherboard This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 3.3 Installing a Motherboard Section 3.4 Upgrading the System BIOS Section 3.5 Our Picks Chapter Processors Section 4.1 Processor Design Section 4.2 Intel Processors Section 4.3 AMD Processors Section 4.4 Choosing a Processor Section 4.5 Forthcoming AMD and Intel Processors Section 4.6 Installing a Processor Section 4.7 Our Picks Chapter Memory Section 5.1 Understanding Memory Section 5.2 Memory Access Methods Section 5.3 CAS Latency Section 5.4 Memory Packaging Section 5.5 How Much Memory Is Enough? Section 5.6 Memory Selection Guidelines Section 5.7 Installing Memory Section 5.8 Troubleshooting Memory Installation and Operation Section 5.9 Our Picks Chapter Floppy Disk Drives Section 6.1 Diskette Types and Formats Section 6.2 Drive Types Section 6.3 FDD Interface and Cabling Section 6.4 Installing an FDD Section 6.5 Working with FDDs Section 6.6 Working with Obsolete Diskette Formats Section 6.7 Salvaging Diskette Data Section 6.8 Our Picks Chapter High-Capacity Floppy Disk Drives Section 7.1 High-Capacity FDD Types Section 7.2 Choosing a High-Capacity FDD Section 7.3 Using an ATAPI Zip or SuperDisk Drive as the Boot Device Section 7.4 Drive Letter Assignment Problems Section 7.5 Our Picks Chapter Removable Hard Disk Drives Section 8.1 Uses for Removable and External Hard Disk Drives Section 8.2 Cartridge-Based Removable Hard Disk Drives Section 8.3 Frame/Carrier-Based Removable Hard Disk Drives Section 8.4 Our Picks Chapter Tape Drives Section 9.1 Tape Technologies Section 9.2 Choosing a Tape Drive Section 9.3 Installing and Configuring a Tape Drive Section 9.4 Care and Feeding of a Tape Drive Section 9.5 Troubleshooting Tape Drive Problems Section 9.6 The Dirty Little Secret of Long Filenames Section 9.7 Developing a Backup Strategy Section 9.8 Our Picks Chapter 10 CD-ROM Drives Section 10.1 Compact Disc Fundamentals This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 10.2 Section 10.3 Section 10.4 Section 10.5 Section 10.6 CD-ROM Drive Performance Choosing a CD-ROM Drive Installing and Configuring a CD-ROM Drive Cleaning a CD-ROM Drive Our Picks Chapter 11 CD Writers Section 11.1 CD Writers and Media Section 11.2 Writable CD Formats Section 11.3 CD Recording Methods Section 11.4 Buffer Underrun Protection Section 11.5 Choosing a CD Writer Section 11.6 CD Writer Software Section 11.7 Installing and Configuring a CD Writer Section 11.8 Updating CD Writer Firmware Section 11.9 Media Issues Section 11.10 Burning CDs Section 11.11 Special Problems and Applications Section 11.12 Writable CD Troubleshooting Section 11.13 Additional CD-R(W) Source Material Section 11.14 Our Picks Chapter 12 DVD Drives Section 12.1 DVD-ROM Section 12.2 DVD Writable and Rewritable Section 12.3 Installing and Configuring a DVD Drive Section 12.4 Troubleshooting DVD Problems Section 12.5 Our Picks Chapter 13 Hard Disk Interfaces Section 13.1 IDE Section 13.2 Serial ATA Section 13.3 SCSI Section 13.4 ATA Versus SCSI Section 13.5 Our Picks Chapter 14 Hard Disk Drives Section 14.1 How Hard Disks Work Section 14.2 Choosing a Hard Disk Section 14.3 Installing a PATA (Standard ATA) Hard Disk Section 14.4 Installing an SATA Hard Disk Section 14.5 Installing a SCSI Hard Disk Section 14.6 Preparing a Hard Disk for Use Section 14.7 Our Picks Chapter 15 Video Adapters Section 15.1 Video Adapter Characteristics Section 15.2 Choosing a Video Adapter Section 15.3 Installing a Video Adapter Section 15.4 Configuring Video Under Windows 98/Me/2000/XP Section 15.5 Configuring Video under Linux Section 15.6 Troubleshooting Video Adapter Problems Section 15.7 Our Picks Chapter 16 Displays Section 16.1 CRT Monitors Section 16.2 Flat-Panel Displays Section 16.3 Installing and Configuring a Display This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Section 16.4 Troubleshooting Display Problems Section 16.5 Our Picks Chapter 17 Sound Adapters Section 17.1 PC Audio Types Section 17.2 MIDI Synthesis Methods Section 17.3 Downloadable Sounds Section 17.4 Sound Card Components Section 17.5 Sound Card Characteristics Section 17.6 Choosing a Sound Card Section 17.7 Installing a Sound Card Section 17.8 Configuring a Sound Card Under Windows 95/98/2000/XP Section 17.9 Configuring a Sound Card Under Linux Section 17.10 Troubleshooting Sound Card Problems Section 17.11 Our Picks Chapter 18 Speakers and Headphones Section 18.1 Speaker and Headphone Characteristics Section 18.2 Choosing Speakers and Headphones Section 18.3 Our Picks Chapter 19 Keyboards Section 19.1 Keyboard Switch Types Section 19.2 Keyboard Styles Section 19.3 Keyboard Interfaces Section 19.4 Choosing a Keyboard Section 19.5 Configuring a Keyboard Section 19.6 Cleaning a Keyboard Section 19.7 Troubleshooting and Repairing Keyboards Section 19.8 Our Picks Chapter 20 Mice and Trackballs Section 20.1 Mice Versus Trackballs Section 20.2 Mouse Characteristics Section 20.3 Choosing a Mouse Section 20.4 Configuring a Mouse or Trackball Section 20.5 Cleaning a Mouse Section 20.6 Troubleshooting a Mouse Section 20.7 Our Picks Chapter 21 Game Controllers Section 21.1 Game Controller Characteristics Section 21.2 Gameport Interface Section 21.3 Choosing a Game Controller Section 21.4 Installing a Game Controller Section 21.5 Troubleshooting Game Controllers Section 21.6 Our Picks Chapter 22 Serial Communications Section 22.1 Serial Communications Overview Section 22.2 Serial Ports Section 22.3 Serial Cables Section 22.4 Installing and Configuring Serial Port Hardware Section 22.5 Troubleshooting Serial Port Problems Section 22.6 Our Picks Chapter 23 Parallel Communications Section 23.1 Mapping Parallel Ports to LPTs Section 23.2 Our Picks This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Chapter 24 USB Communications Section 24.1 USB Characteristics Section 24.2 USB Host Controller Interfaces Section 24.3 Configuring USB Section 24.4 Troubleshooting USB Section 24.5 Our Picks Chapter 25 Cases Section 25.1 Case Characteristics Section 25.2 Choosing a Case Section 25.3 Our Picks Chapter 26 Power Supplies Section 26.1 Power Supply Characteristics Section 26.2 Volts, Amps, Watts, and Regulation Section 26.3 Power Connectors Section 26.4 Choosing a Power Supply Section 26.5 Installing a Power Supply Section 26.6 Troubleshooting Power Supplies Section 26.7 Our Picks Chapter 27 Backup Power Supplies Section 27.1 What BPSs Protect Against Section 27.2 BPS Types Section 27.3 BPS Characteristics Section 27.4 Choosing a BPS Section 27.5 Our Picks Chapter 28 Building a PC Section 28.1 Purchasing Components Section 28.2 Building the System Colophon Index [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] Dedication To my agent, David L Rogelberg No author could hope for a better colleague —Robert Bruce Thompson To my parents, Richard Carl "Dutch" Fritchman and Sankie Callahan Fritchman, who gave me the opportunities and guidance to help me succeed —Barbara FritchmanThompson [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] Copyright Copyright © 2003, 2002, 2000 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc Printed in the United States of America Published by O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472 O'Reilly & Associates books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safari.oreilly.com) For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O'Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book, and O'Reilly & Associates, Inc was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps The association between the image of a scallop and the topic of PC hardware is a trademark of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] Foreword My job is to persuade you to buy this book or make you feel you've made the right choice if you've already bought it That's easy because there's not another book like this, and if you much with computers you need a good reference work on hardware Of course there are massively larger books on the subject, but that's just the point: most of the time you're not looking for a long essay on the subject, you need information, and reliable judgment, both of which Robert Bruce Thompson is highly—I am tempted to say uniquely—qualified to give I can say this with some authority I've never actually met Robert Bruce Thompson face to face, but we've been friends for years Such is the way with the modern Internet I first "met" him in the dark days after BYTE Magazine was suddenly and unexpectedly folded, and I continued my column on my web site (Shameless self-promotion: www.jerrypournelle.com.) One of the features of both the web site and the column was reader mail, and there soon appeared a corps of regulars, all experts in one or another field, all articulate, and all very generous with their time and effort Robert Thompson stood out among these, and it was soon clear to me that he knew far more about computer hardware than I did That was surprising: I've been in this business since 1978, and while no one can know everything, I thought I knew a good bit about nearly everything I do, too, but Thompson knows more, both in depth and breadth, and that's astonishing He's pretty careful, too Over the years I have found I agree with most of his conclusions, and when we disagree I have to rethink my position, because he's been right at least as often as I have been So You have here a well written book by someone who understands the subject It's about computer hardware and nearly everyone needs a good opinionated reference work on that subject, provided the opinions are sound, which in Thompson's case they certainly are It's published by O'Reilly, which means it's well edited by editors who resist the temptation to become unacknowledged collaborators It's really the best book you'll find on this subject And if that doesn't persuade you to buy this book, I doubt anything else I can say would —Jerry Pournelle Chaos Manor July 2003 [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] Preface PC Hardware in a Nutshell An oxymoron, as it turns out When Robert began work on the first edition of this book in late 1998, he planned to write a 300-page book in five months Barbara joined the project early, at first as the researcher and later as the full coauthor After more than 18 months of working seven days a week, including lastminute rewrites to make everything as current as possible, we finally completed the first edition Robert decided to write the first edition because he couldn't find a good answer to what seemed to be a simple question Robert, who has extensive PC experience, wanted to buy his first CD burner but didn't know much about them He needed information about how to choose, install, configure, and use a CD burner It would have been easy to check articles about CD burners in hardware-oriented magazines and enthusiast web sites, but Robert didn't trust them to provide accurate and unbiased information He next checked the shelf of PC hardware books he owns What he found in those books was lots of interesting information, but a surprising dearth of useful information For example, one very popular title devoted less than five of its 1500+ pages to CD-R and CD-RW, and most of these pages described only the history and low-level functioning of these devices Advice on how to choose a CD burner? Advice on how to install it, configure it, use it, or troubleshoot it? Next to nothing That same book devoted nearly 70 pages to a list of vendors—information easily accessible on the Web —so the shortage of information couldn't have been a result of page-count constraints We were determined to write a book filled with useful information You won't find tables of drive parameters for hundreds of obsolete disk drives, instructions on how to change the interleave by low-level formatting of an XT hard drive, charts of keyboard scan codes, and so on As interesting as those things might be, they fail the useful test Pruning stuff that was merely interesting was painful because we like to read interesting stuff as much as the next person But we quickly found out why there's so much interesting information and so relatively little useful information in most PC hardware books Interesting is quick and easy to write Useful is slow and hard, because you actually have to all the stuff We found numerous errors repeated nearly verbatim in more than one book—things that were clearly wrong, but that an author had simply repeated instead of verifying it by taking the time to check for himself We were guilty of that at times, too When we listed the pinouts for a gameport, for example, we got that information from published sources But surprisingly often, we found that these sources disagreed, and so were forced to check for ourselves And, boy, did we expend an incredible amount of time and effort checking things for ourselves Rather than simply repeating what others had said about CD burners, for example, we decided to find out for ourselves Doing that required building four computers—two IDE and two SCSI, one each with Windows 98 and Windows NT—and testing each configuration with different drive models by burning numerous CDs with each About ten 14-hour days and 400 CD blanks later, we finally had a handle on CD burners All that work turned into just a few pages and some specific product recommendations But all that work was necessary if we wanted to write something more than just a me-too book Our efforts were rewarded The first edition of PC Hardware in a Nutshell sold well, and was widely acclaimed by readers and reviewers alike For example, Barnes & Noble had this to say: Here's one PC hardware book that pulls no punches It even recommends specific brands and models, and tells you why—so you can evaluate whatever's on sale when you're ready to buy The authors speak to you as if you're planning to build your own computer from scratch That's the "big kahuna" PC maintenance project, so the book's easily up to any "smaller" challenges—like adding a CD burner, or maybe replacing your motherboard And it's all new—not padded with obsolete data and techniques Specific, comprehensive, and relentlessly useful—superb! Given the success of the first edition, we considered doing just a quick update, but we decided that our readers deserved better So we spent nearly a year building the second edition We spent weeks on end doing detailed testing and comparisons of numerous products, the results of which often boiled down to a couple of paragraphs of advice or a single product recommendation We greatly expanded both the breadth of topics covered and the level of detail presented The second edition was, in every respect, twice the book that the first edition was Of the second edition, Barnes & Noble said: O'Reilly's straight-shootin', no-holds-barred, quality-focused PC hardware book is back, in a Second Edition that's even more indispensable than the first The "Hardware Guys"—Barbara Fritchman Thompson and Robert Bruce Thompson—have updated PC Hardware in a Nutshell to reflect pretty much everything that's come down the pike in the two years following the first edition, including Athlon XP/MP microprocessors, USB 2.0, and the "Big Drive" initiative for ATA drives larger than 137 gigs Want someone to make sense of all the DVD writable/rewritable standards and give you some decent advice about buying one? Look here Want honest and specific advice about the latest motherboards and chipsets from both sides of the Pacific? Look here Want troubleshooting help? There's even more of it than in the first edition This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com hard disk drives ATA vs SCSI recommendations hard disk interfaces headphones recommendations high-capacity FDDs keyboards recommendations memory guidelines for recommendations mice recommendations motherboards checking documentation/support/updates guidelines for recommendations parallel ports, recommendations power supplies recommendations processors considerations recommendations SIMMs sound adapters recommendations speakers recommendations tape drives trackballs, recommendations USB ports, recommendations video adapters recommendations video drivers writable DVD drive Serial ATA [See SATA] Serial ATA hard drives, power connectors Serial ATA Working Group serial communications asynchronous frame types serial framing flow control parity serial data transmission synchronous serial data transmission serial port hardware, installing/configuring serial ports add-ons, recommendations COM ports settings, configuring disadvantages ease-of-use issues resource demands troubleshooting problems servers, resource on home network Session-at-Once (SAO) setting jumpers/DIP switches This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com 72-pin SIMMs SFF (Small Form Factor) 2nd SFX Baseboard Connector SFX Control Connector SFX power supply, typical power distribution SFX/SFX12V power connectors power supply specifications power supply voltage rails/tolerances SFX12V power supply, typical power distribution SGRAM (Synchronous Graphics RAM) shock rating, ignoring when selecting hard drives shutdown, automatic of BPS signal-to-noise ratio SIMMs (Single Inline Memory Modules) installing/removing selection guidelines Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Single Inline Memory Module [See SIMMs] Single Inline Pin Package (SIPP) single-conversion on-line UPS single-ended SCSI (SE SCSI) single-jumper configuration of motherboards Single-Sided, Double-Density (SSDD) SIPP (Single Inline Pin Package) SiS chipsets, USB HCI chipsets SiSoft Sandra 16-bit ISA/PCI standard IRQ assignments slot covers for expansion cards Small Computer System Interface [See SCSI] Small Form Factor (SFF) 2nd Small Outline DIMM (SODIMM) SmithMicroSoftware CheckIt SMP (symmetric multiprocessing) SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP manageability of BPS Socket 370 CPU slots SODIMM (Small Outline DIMM) software components 2nd [See also software tools for working on PCs][See also software tools for working on PCs] software flow control software tools for working on PCs utilities, essential DOS boot diskette DOS diagnostics utilities, supplemental DisplayMate DriveCopy DriveImage Partition Magic sound adapters 2nd characteristics components configuring under Linux configuring under Windows 95/98/2000/XP downloadable sounds installing MIDI synthesis methods PC audio types MIDI audio This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com support for waveform audio replacing an existing selecting recommendations troubleshooting upgrading Sound Blaster sound cards [See sound adapters] Southbridge 2nd 3rd speakers characteristics selecting recommendations upgrading USB Specialized Products catalog toolkits speeds, USB devices relabeling of SPP (Standard Parallel Port) SPS (standby power supply) [See also BPS][See also BPS]2nd 3rd ferro-resonant line-boost standard variants SRAM (Static RAM) SRP (Suggested Retail Price) SSDD (Single-Sided, Double-Density) stacked RAID Standard cable Standard DMA Standard Parallel Port (SPP) standard SPS standards compatibility, sound cards standby power supply [See SPS] static electricity [See ESD] Static RAM [See SRAM] STR (Suspend to RAM) stripe pitch CRT monitors SUA (System Use Area), CD-R disc Suggested Retail Price (SRP) SuperDisk drive as boot device selecting superscalar processors support, building a PC and Suspend to RAM [See STR] Swiss Army knife Symantec Norton AntiVirus Symantec Norton Utilities symmetric multiprocessing [See SMP] synchronization range, CRT monitors Synchronous DRAM [See SDRAM] Synchronous Graphics RAM (SGRAM) synchronous motherboards synchronous, serial communications synthesis type, sound cards System ID Byte This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com system management, motherboards and system resources DMA I/O ports Interrupt Request Line ISA vs PCI juggling ISA IRQs PCI Bus IRQ Steering memory ranges reserving with Windows 9X viewing under Linux Windows 9X with Windows 2000/XP System Use Area (SUA), CD-R disc [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] TAO (Track-at-Once) TAO recording tape drives as backup for upgrades care of compatibility issues installing/configuring interfaces read/write errors recommendations selecting technologies troubleshooting problems with upgrading tape rotation methods, choosing technologies in upgrades Mt Rainier packet writing new, adding support for, to motherboards optical phase change tape telephone automated system as use for old PCs testing memory TFX12V Main Power Connector TFX12V power connectors TFX12V power supply specifications typical power distribution voltage rails/tolerances third-party DMA 30-pin SIMMs 32-bit ISA/PCI standard IRQ assignments 3.5-inch 1.44 MB diskette drive 2.88 MB diskette drive 720 KB diskette drive hard drive form factor throughput, video adapters tick tools for working on PCs PC toolkit mail-order, avoiding software tools utilities Track-at-Once (TAO) trackballs configuring selecting, recommendations versus mice transfer rate, CD writers Travan tape drives, key selection criteria troubleshooting CD writers CRT monitors This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com display problems DVD drives FPDs game controllers keyboards memory installation/operation mice power supplies SCSI CD-ROM drives installation on Windows serial port problems sound adapters tape drive problems USB proactively reactively video adapters true UPS TrueX drives tube geometry, CRT monitors [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] UCM (Universal Cable Module) UDF (Universal Disc Format) versions of UDMA (Ultra Direct Memory Access) UDMA/100 (Ultra DMA/100) UDMA/133 (Ultra DMA/133) UHCI (Universal Host Controller Interface) Ultra Direct Memory Access (UDMA) Ultra DMA/100 (UDMA/100) Ultra DMA/133 (UDMA/133) Ultra SCSI transfer rate Ultra2 SCSI transfer rate Ultra3 SCSI transfer rate Ultra320 SCSI transfer rate UMA (Upper Memory Area) unbalanced transmission unidirectional 4-bit parallel port uninterruptable power supply [See UPS] Universal Cable Module (UCM) Universal Disc Format [See UDF] Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI) Universal Serial Bus [See USB]2nd [See USB] upgrade kits, worthiness of upgrading BIOS 2nd 3rd CD writer firmware features CD writers DVD-ROM drives/DVD writers game controllers sound adapters/speakers tape drives Flash BIOS memory Athlon systems Celeron systems Pentium Pro/Pentium class systems motherboards performance CD-ROM drives hard drives memory monitors power supply processors USB 2.0 ports video adapters processors, motherboards and rules for backups changing one thing at a time checking/rechecking before power-up keeping PC grounded keeping records This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com keeping track of small parts leaving cover off until you're sure not discarding old components replacing cover when upgrade is complete starting small for first boot using force cautiously but when necessary using technology Upper Memory Area [See UMA] UPS (uninterruptable power supply) [See also BPS]2nd line-interactive on-line USB (Universal Serial Bus) 2nd cables/connectors hi-/full-speed captive cable low-speed captive cable noncompliant cables Series mini-B connectors standard detachable cable chipset support for communications configuring identifying USB HCI under Windows 2000/XP identifying USB HCI under Windows 9X under Linux verifying USB interrupt sharing under Windows 2000/XP verifying USB interrupt sharing under Windows 9X viewing USB HCI Properties under Windows 2000/XP viewing USB HCI Properties under Windows 9X viewing USB Root Hub Properties under Windows 2000/XP viewing USB Root Hub Properties under Windows 9X data transfer modes devices, speeds relabeling of drivers, "educating" interface peripherals ports early implementations, disadvantages of selecting, recommendations topology troubleshooting proactively reactively versions USB 2.0 adapters, support for USB 2.0 ports, upgrading USB Host Controller Interfaces issues types [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] VA (Volt-Ampere) rating variable-length packets vendors, researching VESA Local Bus (VLB) VIA chipsets, USB HCI issues Victorinox CyberTool Swiss Army knife video adapters 2nd AGP interfaces and signaling voltages AGP Pro AGP interfaces/signaling voltages characteristics components display settings color depth refresh frequency resolution installing interfaces optimizing selecting recommendations throughput troubleshooting upgrading with fans video drivers installing selecting video memory video ports Video RAM (VRAM) VLB (VESA Local Bus) voice mail automated system as use for old PCs Volt-Ampere (VA) rating voltage Voltage Regular Modules [See VRMs] VRAM (Video RAM) VRMs (Voltage Regular Modules) [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Wake-on-LAN [See WOL] Wake-on-Ring [See WOR] wakeup functions, considerations when selecting motherboards warranties BPS considering length of when selecting hard drives CRT monitors on motherboards verifying watts waveform audio waveguide synthesis wavetable synthesis weekly full with daily differential backup White Book CD standard Wide SCSI transfer rate Windows 2000 bus mastering support, enabling CD writer firmware, determining revision of CD-ROM drive installation COM port settings configuring COM port settings displays parallel ports sound cards to support a tape drive video adapters DMA mode transfers, enabling formatting hard drives system resources, viewing USB HCI identifying verifying USB interrupt sharing viewing properties viewing Root Hub Properties VIA chipsets, lack of support for Windows diagnostics programs, limitations of Windows 2000/XP, creating ERD Windows 95 configuring sound cards DMA mode transfers Windows 98 bus mastering support, enabling COM port settings configuring sound cards video adapters VIA chipsets, USB bug Windows 9X CD writer firmware, determining revision of configuring COM port settings displays This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com parallel ports to support a tape drive DMA mode transfers, enabling emergency boot/repair diskette formatting hard drives SCSI CD-ROM drive installation system resources reserving viewing USB HCI identifying verifying USB interrupt sharing viewing properties viewing Root Hub Properties Windows Me, configuring video adapters Windows NT configuring parallel ports Windows diagnostics programs, limitations of Windows NT COM port settings, configuring DMA mode transfers Windows RAM (WRAM) Windows systems BIOS, updating bus mastering support, enabling DVD drive, configuring formatting floppy diskettes motherboards, replacing [See also motherboards, installing]2nd tape backups, long filenames and USB peripherals, connecting Windows XP bundled packet-writing software bus mastering support, enabling CD writer firmware, determining revision of COM port settings configuring displays parallel ports sound cards to support a tape drive video adapters DMA mode transfers, enabling formatting hard drives SCSI CD-ROM drive installation system resources, viewing USB HCI identifying verifying USB interrupt sharing viewing properties viewing Root Hub Properties VIA chipsets, lack of support for Windows diagnostics programs, limitations of Wintel computers WOL (Wake-on-LAN) 2nd WOR (Wake-on-Ring) 2nd working on PCs installing expansion cards managing internal cables/connectors locating Pin This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com ribbon cables procedures preliminaries removing expansion cards removing/replacing cover AT-style cases clamshell cases side panel cases tool-free cases tower/mini-tower cases setting jumpers/DIP switches tools [See tools for working on PCs] WRAM (Windows RAM) writable CD formats logical formats ISO-9660 Universal Disc Format physical formats Write-Many discs Write-Once discs WTX form factor, cases [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Yellow Book CD standard [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com [ Team LiB ] [SYMBOL] [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [Y] [Z] Z-CLV (Zoned CLV) Zoned CLV (Z-CLV) [ Team LiB ] This document is created with a trial version of CHM2PDF Pilot http://www.colorpilot.com Brought to You by Like the book? Buy it! ... Choosing a Hard Disk Section 14.3 Installing a PATA (Standard ATA) Hard Disk Section 14.4 Installing an SATA Hard Disk Section 14.5 Installing a SCSI Hard Disk Section 14.6 Preparing a Hard Disk... that Compaq defined the standard But the days when any PC maker defined the PC standard are far in the past These days, Intel and Microsoft jointly define the de facto PC standard In fact, a. .. video adapter IAPC Instantly Available PC (IAPC) is an Intel initiative that defines power-saving modes that retain the ability to respond to programmed or external triggers, such as LAN activity