Giáo trình thực hành SQL -trần nguyên phong

SQL ( Structured Querry Language) là ngôn ngữ được sử dụng cho các hệ quản trị CSDL quan hệ. Ngôn ngữ SQL chuẩn được đưa ra bởi ANSI ( American National Standards Institute) và ISO ( International Standards Organization) với phiên bản mới nhất hiện nay là phiên bản SQL_ 92 ( phiên bản được đưa ra năm 1992). Mặc dù có nhiều ngôn ngữ khác nhau được đưa ra các hệ quản trị CSDL quan hệ....

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null constraint check_dienthoai check (dienthoai like '[0-9][0-9][0-9] [0-9][0-9] [0-9]') ) D DD D 5DQJEXF'()$8/7 5DQJEXÔF'()$8/7ÔFVGXÊQJTXLQKJLDWUPÊFQKFKRPÔWFÔW *LDWUQD\VHWÊÔQJÔFJDQFKRFÔWQD\NKLQJLVGXÊQJEVXQJPÔWEDQJKL PDNKQJFKQKJLDWUFKRFÔW7UQPĂLFÔWFKFRWKFRQKLXQKÂWPÔWUDQJ EXÔF'()$8/7WFODFKFRWKFRWÂLDPÔWJLDWUPÊFQK j NKDL EDR PÔW JLD WU PÊF QK FKR PÔW FÔW WD FK QK PÔW UDQJ EXÔF '()$8/7FKRFÔWEQJFDFKVGXÊQJFXSKDSVDX [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] DEFAULT {const_expression nonarguments_function NULL} 9 GX &X OÊQK GL \ FK QK JLD WU PÊF QK OD NKQJ ELÂW FKR FÔW ',$&+,WURQJEDQJ1+$19,(1YGXÊ CREATE TABLE nhanvien ( manv char(10) not null, hoten char(30) not null, ngaysinh datetime null, diachi char(50) default 'khọng bióỳt', dienthoai char(6) null ) D DD D 5DQJEXF35,0$5<.(< muYGXÊQD\FKXQJWLNKQJÊWWQFKRUDQJEXÔF'()$8/7.KLRKÊTXDQWU&6'/VHWÊÔQJÊWWQ FKRUDQJEXÔFQD\7X\QKLQGĂGDQJFKRYLÊFTXDQWUEDÊQQQÊWWQFKRFDFUDQJEXÔF Tráön Nguyãn Phong 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ODP¤WW£SK¤SWKDLF¤WWUOQED£QSKDLFKQKGDQKVDFKFDFF¤WVGX£QJUDQJ EX¤FPFEDQJ 9GX WD£REDQJ1+$19,(1YLNKRDFKQKOD0$19 CREATE TABLE nhanvien ( manv char(10) primary key, hoten char(30) not null, ngaysinh datetime null, diachi char(50) null, dienthoai char(6) null ) FXO£QKWUQFRWK YL¢WQKVDX CREATE TABLE nhanvien ( manv char(10) not null, hoten char(30) not null, ngaysinh datetime null, diachi char(50) null, dienthoai char(6) null constraint pk_nv primary key(manv) ) Giaùo trỗnh thổỷc haỡnh SQL 7UDQJ D 5DQJEXF81,48( 7KD\YVGXÊQJNKRDFKQKEDÊQFRWKVGXÊQJUDQJEXÔF81,48(DP EDRWQKWRDQYHÊQWKÊFWK6GXÊQJUDQJEXÔF81,48(WUQPÔWKD\QKLXFÔWEW EXÔFFDFJLDWUGOLÊXWUQPÔWKD\QKLXFÔWQD\NKQJÔFWUXQJOÊSQKDXj NKDLEDRPÔWUDQJEXÔF81,48(EDÊQVGXÊQJFXSKDSOÊQKVDX\ [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] UNIQUE [CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED] [colname1 [,colname2 [ .,colname16]])] D 5DQJEXF)25(,*1.(< &DFEDQJEQWURQJPÔW&6'/WKQJFRPÂLTXDQKÊYLQKDX&DFPÂLTXDQ KÊQD\ÔF[DFQKGÊDWUQWQKEQJQKDXJLDPÔWKD\QKLXWUQJFXDEDQJ QD\YLPÔWKD\QKLXWUQJFXDEDQJNKDF1ÂXPÔWKD\QKLXFÔWQDRRFXDPÔW EDQJFRJLDWUÔF[DFQKWPÔWKD\QKLXWUQJNKRDFXDEDQJNKDFWKFDF FÔWRÔFJRÔLODFRUDQJEXÔFNKRDQJRDÊLIRUHLJQNH\&DFUDQJEXÔF)25(,*1 .(<ÔFVGXÊQJNÂWKÔSYLFDFUDQJEXÔF35,0$5<.(<YD81,48(QKP DPEDRWQKWRDQYHÊQWKDPFKLÂXJLDFDFEDQJÔFFKQK jNKDLEDRNKRDQJRDÊLEDÊQVGXÊQJFXSKDSOÊQKQKVDX [CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] [FOREIGN KEY (colname [,colname2 [ .,colname16]])] REFERENCES reference_table [(ref_colname [,ref_colname2 [ .,ref_colname 16]])] 9 GX 7DÊR KDL EDQJ 1+$19,(10$19 +27(1 1*$<6,1+ ',$&+, ',(17+2$,0$'9YD'219,0$'97(1'9WKHRKQKGL\ CREATE TABLE donvi ( 1+$19,(1 0$19 +27(1 1*$<6,1+ ',$&+, ',(17+2$, 0$'9 '219, 0$'9 7(1'9 +QK Tráön Nguyãn Phong madv char(2) primary key, tendv char(20) not null ) CREATE TABLE nhanvien ( manv char(10) primary key, hoten char(20) not null, ngaysinh datetime null, diachi char(50) default 'khong biet', dienthoai char(6) check(dienthoai like '[0-9][0-9][0-9] [0-9][0-9][0-9]'), madv char(2) foreign key(madv) references donvi(madv) ) 6DLEDQJ 6DXNKLDWD£REDQJED£QFRWK WL¢QKDQKVD LF¢XWUXFKD\WKX¤FWQKFXD EDQJQKE VXQJF¤WE VXQJNKRDWKD\ LFDFUDQJEX¤Fj FRWK VXD L EDQJED£QVGX£QJFXO£QK$/7(5FRFXSKDSQKVDX ALTER TABLE table_name [ADD {col_name column_properties [column_constraints]  [[,]table_constraint ] } [,{next_col_name|next_table_constraint}] .] [DROP [CONSTRAINT] constraint_name1 [, constraint_name2] .] 9GX 7D£RP¤WUDQJEX¤FFKREDQJ'219,WUQF¤W0$'9TXLQKPDQY SKDLFRGD£QJKDLFKV¢YGX£ ALTER TABLE donvi ADD CONSTRAINT check_madv CHECK (madv LIKE ‘[0-9][0-9]’) Giaùo trỗnh thổỷc haỡnh SQL 7UDQJ &KPXFLQGH[ &DFFKPXÊFÔFVGXÊQJQKPKĂWUÔYLÊFWUX\FÊSÂQFDFGRQJGOLÊXÔF QKDQKFKRQJGÊDWUQFDFJLDWUFXDPÔWKD\QKLXFÔW&KPXÊFÔFFKLDUDODPKDL ORDÊLFKPXÊF WXÊ QKRPFOXVWHUHG LQGH[YD FKPXÊF NKQJ WXÊ QKRP QRQFOXVWHUHG LQGH[ 0ÔWFKPXÊFWXÊQKRPODPÔWFKPXÊFPDWURQJRWKWÊORJLFFXDFDFNKRDWQJ WÊQKWKWÊYÊWO\FXDFDFGRQJWQJQJWQWDÊLWURQJEDQJ0ÔWEDQJFKFR WKFRWÂLDPÔWFKPXÊFWXÊQKRP 0ÔWFKPXÊFNKQJWXÊKRPODPÔWFKPXÊFPDWURQJRWKWÊORJLFFXDFDFNKRD NKQJQKWKWÊYÊWO\FXDFDFGRQJWURQJEDQJ&DFFKPXÊFWXÊQKRPKĂWUÔYLÊF WUX\FÊSÂQFDFGRQJGOLÊXQKDQKKQQKLXVRYLFDFFKPXÊFNKQJWXÊQKRP .KLWDNKDLEDRPÔWNKRDFKQKKD\NKRD81,48(WUQPÔWKD\QKLXFÔWQDRR FXDEDQJKÊTXDQWU&6'/VHWÊÔQJWDÊRFKPXÊFWUQFDFFÔWR%DÊQFRWKWDÊR WKPFDFFKPXÊFNKDFEQJFDFKVGXÊQJFXOÊQKFRFXSKDSQKVDX CREATE [CLUSTEREDNONCLUSTERED] INDEX index_name ON table_name(column_name [, column_name] .) 9GX &XOÊQKGL\VHWDÊRPÔWFKPXÊFNKQJWXÊQKRPWUQFÔW0$'9FXD EDQJ1+$19,(1 CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX idx_nhanvien_madv ON nhanvien(madv) .KXQJQKQ9LHZ 0ÔWNKXQJQKQFRWKFRLQKODPÔWeEDQJDRfFRQÔLGXQJÔF[DFQKW PÔWWUX\YÂQ0ÔWWUX\YÂQTXHU\ODPÔWWÊSFDFFKGĂQLQVWUXFWLRQQKPWUX\ [XÂWYDKLQWKGOLÊXWFDFEDQJWURQJ&6'/&DFWUX\YÂQÔFWKÊFKLÊQEQJ FDFKVGXÊQJFXOÊQK6(/(&7ÔFFÊSÂQWURQJFKQJ 0ÔWNKXQJQKQWURQJJLÂQJQKPÔWEDQJYLPÔWWÊRFDFWQFÔWYDFDFGRQJ GOLÊX7X\QKLQNKXQJQKQNKQJWQWDÊLQKODPÔWFÂXWUXFOXWUGOLÊXWURQJ &6'/'OLÊXEQWURQJNKXQJQKQWKÊFFKÂWODGOLÊXÔF[DFQKWPÔWKD\ QKLXEDQJFVYDGRRSKXÊWKÔFYDRFDFEDQJFV &DFNKXQJQKQWKQJÔFVGXÊQJEQWURQJ&6'/QKPFDFPXÊFFKVDX \ 6GXÊQJNKXQJQKQWÊSWUXQJWUQGOLÊXÔF[DFQK Tráön Nguyãn Phong • 6GX£QJNKXQJQKQ QJLDQKRDWKDRWDFGOL£X • 6GX£QJNKXQJQKQ WX\EL¢QGOL£X • 6GX£QJNKXQJQKQ [X¢WNK XH[SRUWGOL£X • 6GX£QJNKXQJQKQ EDRP£WGOL£X j WD£RNKXQJQKQED£QVGX£QJFXO£QKFRFXSKDSQKVDX CREATE VIEW view_name[(column_name [, column_name] .)] AS select_statement 7URQJR VHOHFWBVWDWHPHQW ODP¤WFXO£QK6(/(&7GXQJ WUX\[X¢WGOL£XW P¤WKD\QKLXEDQJ .KLWD£RNKXQJQKQFQOX\P¤WV¢L PVDX • 7QNKXQJQKQSKDLWXQWKHRFDFTXLWFYQKGDQKYDSKDLGX\QK¢W¢LYL P¡LQJLVGX£QJ • .KQJWK UDQJEX¤FFDFP£FQKFDFTXLWFFKRNKXQJQKQ • 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giao tác SQL khác Các nguyên tắc sau phải được tuân theo khi sử dụng phép hợp với các câu lệnh giao tác SQL khác: Truy vấn đầu tiên. Họ và tên Hệ số lương ---------------- -------------- ------------- Trần Nguyên Phong Hệ số lương là : 1.92 Lê Hoài Nam Hệ số lương là : 1.86 Nguyễn Hữu