Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 5th Edition by Karin C VanMeter, Robert J Hubert Test Bank Chapter 04: Pain MULTIPLE CHOICE The impulses related to acute pain are usually transmitted by: a nociceptors b myelinated A delta fibers c unmyelinated C fibers d any sensory fiber with a low pain threshold ANS: B REF: 55 In which structure pain impulses ascend the spinal cord? a Reticular formation b Corticospinal tract c Spinothalamic tract d Relevant dermatome ANS: C REF: 55 According to the gate-control theory, passage of pain impulses may be naturally blocked: a at the synapse by entry of other sensory impulses b by the stress response c by administration of morphine directly into the spinal cord d by referring the pain to other parts of the body ANS: A REF: 55 What is the term used to describe the degree of pain that is endured before an individual takes action? a Pain threshold b Referred pain c Phantom pain d Pain tolerance ANS: D REF: 55 What is the definition of endorphins? a Neurotransmitters at the nociceptors b Transmitters for sensory impulses c Opiate-like blocking agents in the central nervous system d Pain-causing chemical mediators ANS: C REF: 57 Pain perceived in the left arm during the course of a heart attack is an example of: a referred pain b phantom pain c chronic pain d subjective pain response ANS: A REF: 57 A headache that is related to changes in cerebral blood flow is classified as a/an headache a tension b sinus c migraine d intracranial ANS: C REF: 60 What is a common analgesic administered to control a moderate level of pain? a Meperidine b Acetaminophen c Codeine d Ibuprofen ANS: C REF: 62 Which of the following applies to spinal anesthesia? a It causes analgesia with loss of consciousness b The drug is injected into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or the epidural space of the spinal cord c The drug stimulates release of endorphins in the spinal cord d The transmission of pain impulses is blocked in a small area of the body ANS: B REF: 62 10 Which of the following is a characteristic of acute pain but not of chronic pain? a Depression and debilitation b A perception of increased generalized pain and discomfort c Fatigue and lower pain tolerance d Severe but short term ANS: D REF: 55-57 11 What is the role of nociceptors? They are: a pain receptors that are stimulated by thermal, chemical, or physical means b spinal nerves that conduct impulses from specific areas of the skin c responsible for the state of arousal with pain d useful in localizing pain to a specific area of the body ANS: A REF: 54 12 Intractable pain is best defined as: a pain that is perceived as occurring in an amputated limb b severe pain that cannot be controlled by medication c pain perceived as coming from a source other than the actual source d pain coming from a specific dermatome ANS: B REF: 62 13 Which of the following statements is TRUE? a The brain is more aware of pain impulses when the reticular activating system is depressed b Acute pain does not cause a reflex response at the spinal cord synapses c Young infants typically respond to pain with tachycardia and increased blood pressure d Chronic pain is easier to tolerate without negative effects ANS: C REF: 57 14 Ibuprofen is classified as an NSAID and is particularly useful in treating: a severe pain b pain caused by inflammation c intracranial pain d pain in young infants ANS: B REF: 61 15 Which of the following analgesics acts to reduce pain at the peripheral site? a Acetaminophen b Morphine c Codeine d Intravenous general anesthesia ANS: A REF: 61 16 Cancer-related pain has been broken down into three basic categories: pain caused by the advance of the disease and resultant damage to the body, pain that is the result of a coexisting disease unrelated to the cancer, and: a phantom pain as a result of amputation b pain associated with the treatment of the disease c pain caused by emotional stress and metabolic changes d pain associated with damage to the peripheral nerves ANS: B REF: 61 17 Pain that is caused by trauma or disease involving the peripheral nerves is referred to as: a neuropathic pain b central pain c neurogenic pain d referred pain ANS: A REF: 61 18 Pain resulting from a profound, sudden loss of blood flow to an organ or tissues in a specific area of the body is referred to as: a chronic pain b central pain c cardiovascular pain d ischemic pain ANS: D REF: 61 19 Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic pain? a It usually initiates a physiological stress response b It always involves a strong emotional response such as high anxiety c It is more difficult to diagnose and treat than is acute pain d It involves tissue damage to a specific organ ANS: C REF: 59 | 60 20 A headache that results from pressure on the meninges surrounding the brain is referred to as a/an: a intracranial headache b intrameningeal headache c migraine headache d cerebral headache ANS: A REF: 60