http://getbooksolutions.com Link full download: https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for-experiencing-the-lifespan-3rdedition-by-belsky Test Bank for Experiencing the Lifespan 3rd Edition by Belsky Question Describe the roots of attachment theory—that is, the studies that suggested to Bowlby that attachment was a vital human need Describe in sequence the development of the attachment response, giving examples of each stage Jeffrey, age months, Marcus, age 14 months, and Jennifer, age 4, are on their weekly outing to the park As they are all relaxing together, a park ranger stops by Compare the likely responses of these three children to this person's efforts to pick them up List the four attachment patterns identified by Mary Ainsworth, give examples of each, and then name the attachment style that BEST predicts having long-term personality problems Your nephew is insecurely attached List the forces which may have contributed to this situation and suggest remedies As a psychologist, devise some strategies to help lessen the risk factors that work to impair poverty level preschoolers' social and cognitive development Possible To an anxious friend who is putting her daughter in infant day care, offer tips for selecting a setting and having this child get the best possible experience A friend asks, ―What behaviors should I expect when my child is a toddler?‖ Your response: Page Flavio is a shy toddler; Gina is exuberant If both children attend a mommy-and-me playgroup, how would their behavior be different? What can you to BEST help each child? Page Answer Key • • • Babies in orphanages seemed depressed, apathetic, and emotionally disturbed Ethologists found that other species, such as geese, would get attached to and follow an object that they saw at a particular time after birth Harlow proved that contact comfort was more important to attachment than food, and, most important, showed that monkey babies who grew up without mothers were unable to socially relate as adults • • First months, preattachment—no signs of any attachment to a caregiver to months, attachment in the making—babies show signs of preferring a primary caregiver, but still will go to anyone • months to years, clear-cut attachment—infants and toddlers need to be close to a primary attachment figure, and show separation anxiety and stranger anxiety • Over age 3, working model—children can be separated from a primary caregiver, but carry an internal representation of that person in mind The attachment response is still evoked under conditions of threat, however, throughout life • Jeffrey will be slightly wary, but allow the ranger to pick him up; Marcus will start crying or resist the ranger's attempts; Jennifer will allow the ranger to pick her up • Secure—baby runs with love into caregiver's arms after being separated • Avoidant—baby shows no response when caregiver leaves or returns • Ambivalent/anxious—baby is too anxious to explore, and gets hysterical and cannot be comforted when the caregiver returns • Disorganized—baby freezes/and responds with fear when caregiver returns • The disorganized style is MOST apt to foreshadow later personality problems • Caregiver is depressed and/or has emotional problems that prevent her from ―dancing‖ well • Baby has a difficult temperament • Caregiver's other relationships are making it difficult to ―dance‖ with her baby Solutions: Work to eradicate parent's emotional problems and try to teach her to respond in a more sensitive way With temperamental issues, strive to tell the caregiver that the baby's responses are not her ―fault‖ and also teach strategies for providing the best temperament–environment fit Work to eliminate the marital or external stresses that are impairing the dance • Get the child into a high-quality preschool • Give emotional support to parents and teach them ways of coping with stress (that don't involve yelling and screaming) • See if you can help the child's family move to out of a dangerous, impoverished neighborhood • Encourage parents to read to their children and take advantage of free educational options (and offer a list of those options) in the community • In choosing a setting, look for care providers that are committed to young children and the field, for a place that provides close to one-to-one care, and a setting where there is little staff turnover Page • • • • • • • • • • If everything else is equal, possibly select family day care Try not to put your child in full-time care or—if you must—take your child out for regular ―vacations.‖ ―a passion for exploring the world‖ ―beginning language‖ ―focusing difficulties, angry outbursts, and problems sitting still and 'sharing'‖ during later toddlerhood, self-conscious emotions such as embarrassment ―not wanting to be separated from you.‖ ―intense love you may have never felt before from any person!‖ Favio will hang back and be frightened in the group Gina may be more difficult to control or discipline To help reduce Flavio's temperamental shyness, gently expose him to caring social situations With Gina, the best route to socialization is to offer plenty of positive reinforcement and love Page