The cambridge companion to horace

t h e c a m b r i d g e c o m pa n i o n to h o r ac e Horace is a central author in Latin literature His work spans a wide range of genres, from iambus to satire, and odes to literary epistle, and he is just as much at home writing about love and wine as he is about philosophy and literary criticism He also became a key literary figure in the regime of the Emperor Augustus In this volume a superb international cast of contributors presents a stimulating and accessible assessment of the poet, his work, its themes and its reception This provides the orientation and coverage needed by non-specialists and students, but also suggests fresh and provoking perspectives from which specialists may benefit Since the last synoptic book on Horace was published half a century ago, there has been a sea-change in perceptions of his work and in the literary analysis of classical literature in general, and this territory is fully charted in this Companion stephen harrison is Professor of Classical Languages and Literature at the University of Oxford and Fellow of Corpus Christi College Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 THE CAMBRIDGE C O M PA N I O N T O HORACE EDITED BY STEPHEN HARRISON Professor of Classical Languages and Literature, University of Oxford, and Fellow and Tutor in Classics, Corpus Christi College, Oxford Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 c a m b r i d g e u n i v e rs i t y p r e s s ˜ Paulo Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521536844 C Cambridge University Press 2007 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library isbn-13 978-0-521-83002-7 hardback isbn-13 978-0-521-53684-4 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 For Robin Nisbet sedecim lustris functo 21 May 2005 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 CONTENTS page x Contributors Preface xiii Introduction stephen harrison pa rt : o r i e n tat i o n s Horace: life and chronology ro b i n n i s b e t Horatian self-representations stephen harrison 22 Horace and archaic Greek poetry g r e g o ry h u t c h i n s o n 36 Horace and Hellenistic poetry r i c h a r d t h o m as 50 Horace and Roman literary history r i c h a r d ta r r a n t 63 Horace and Augustus m i c h e` l e l ow r i e 77 pa rt : p o e t i c g e n r e s The Epodes: Horace’s Archilochus? l i n d say wat s o n 93 vii Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 contents The Satires frances muecke 105 The Epistles ro l a n d o f e r r i 121 10 The Ars Poetica andrew laird 132 11 Carmina: Odes and Carmen Saeculare a l e s sa n d ro ba rc h i e s i 144 pa rt : p o e t i c t h e m e s 12 Philosophy and ethics jo h n m o l e s 165 13 Gods and religion jas p e r g r i f fi n 181 14 Friendship, patronage and Horatian sociopoetics peter white 195 15 Wine and the symposium g r e g s o n dav i s 207 16 Erotics and gender ellen oliensis 221 17 Town and country stephen harrison 235 18 Poetics and literary criticism r i c h a r d ru t h e r f o r d 248 19 Style and poetic texture stephen harrison 262 pa rt : r e c e p t i o n s 20 Ancient receptions of Horace r i c h a r d ta r r a n t viii Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 277 contents 21 The reception of Horace in the Middle Ages k a rs t e n f r i i s - j e n s e n 291 22 The reception of Horace in the Renaissance michael mcgann 305 23 The reception of Horace in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries dav i d m o n e y 318 24 The reception of Horace in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries stephen harrison 334 Dateline of works and major political events Works cited Index 347 349 379 ix Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 CONTRIBUTORS a l e s sa n d ro ba rc h i e s i is Professor of Latin at the University of Siena at Arezzo and also teaches at Stanford University He is the author of books on Virgil and Ovid, including The Poet and the Prince (1997) and Speaking Volumes (2001), of a commentary on Ovid Metamorphoses 1–2 (2005), and of many articles on Latin literature g r e g s o n dav i s is Professor of Classical Studies and Literature and Andrew W Mellon Professor of the Humanities at Duke University His books include The Death of Procris (1983), Polyhymnia: The Rhetoric of Horatian Lyric Discourse (1991) and Aim´e C´esaire (Cambridge University Press, 1997) ro l a n d o f e r r i is Associate Professor of Latin at the University of Pisa; he is author of I dispiaceri di un epicureo on Horace’s Epistles (1993) and of a major commentary on the pseudo-Senecan Octavia (Cambridge University Press, 2003) k a rs t e n f r i i s - j e n s e n is Associate Professor of Medieval and Renaissance Latin at the University of Copenhagen His books include Saxo Grammaticus as Latin poet (1987) and Peterborough Abbey (library catalogue, with James Willoughby; 2001) He has written several articles on the medieval reception of Horace jas p e r g r i f f i n is Emeritus Professor of Classical Languages and Literature at the University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Balliol College He is the author of books on Homer and Virgil and of Latin Poets and Roman Life (1985) s t e p h e n h a r r i s o n is Fellow and Tutor in Classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Professor of Classical Languages and Literature in the University of Oxford He is the author of a commentary on Virgil Aeneid 10 (1991) and editor of several volumes including Homage to Horace (1995) and A Companion to Latin Literature (2005) g r e g o ry h u t c h i n s o n is Professor of Greek and Latin Languages and Literature at the University of Oxford He has written a commentary on Aeschylus’ Seven x Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 wo r k s c i t e d Metellus of Tegernsee (1965) Die Quirinalien des Metellus von Tegernsee, ed P C Jacobsen Leiden and Cologne Mette, H J (1961) ‘Genus tenue und mensa tenuis bei Horaz’, Museum Helveticum 18: 136–9 (= Mette (1988) 188–91) (1988) Kleine Schriften Frankfurt Millar, F (1977) The Emperor in the Roman World London Millar, F., and Segal, E., eds (1984) Caesar Augustus: Seven Aspects Oxford Miller, P A (1994) Lyric Texts and Lyric Consciousness London and New York Mills College (1938) Quintus Horatius Flaccus: Editions in the US and Canada as They Appear in the Union Catalog of the Library of Congress Mills College, CA Milosz, C (1969) The History of Polish Literature New York ă Mindt, N (2006) Die meta-sympotischen Oden und Epoden des Horaz Gottingen Minnis, A J., and Scott, A B., eds (1988) Medieval Literary Theory and Criticism c 1100–c 1375: The Commentary-Tradition Oxford ` Miralles, C., and Portulas, J (1983) Archilochus and the Iambic Tradition Rome (1988) The Poetry of Hipponax Rome Mitchell, W., ed (1981) On Narrative Chicago Moles, J (1995) Review of R Mayer, Horace: Epistles I, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 95.02.37 (2002) ‘Poetry, philosophy, politics, and play: Epistles i’, in Woodman and Feeney (2002) 141–57 Money, D K (1997) ‘A Diff’rent-sounding lyre: Oxford commemorative verse in English, 1613–1834’, Bodleian Library Record 16: 42–92 (1998) The English Horace: Anthony Alsop and the Tradition of British Latin Verse Oxford (2002) ‘Samuel Johnson and the neo-Latin tradition’, in Clark and Erskine-Hill (2002) 199–221 (2003) ‘The politics of poetry: a quick look at Robert Walpole, and two thousand other Cambridge Latin poets’, in R Schnur et al., eds., Acta Conventus NeoLatini Cantabrigiensis 361–9 Tempe (2004a) ‘John Ashmore’, in Matthew and Harrison (2004) 666–7 (2004b) ‘James Alban Gibbes’, in Matthew and Harrison (2004) 22.2–3 (2004c) ‘Corbet Owen’, in Matthew and Harrison (2004) 42.187–8 (2006) ‘Aspects of Sarbiewski’s reception in England: from Hils, Vaughan, and Watts to Coleridge, Bowring, Walker, and Coxe’ in Urbanksi (2006), 157–87 Money, D K., and Olszowy, J (1995) ‘Hebrew commemorative poetry in Cambridge, 1564–1763’, Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 10: 549–76 Morris, E P (1931) ‘The form of the epistle in Horace’, Yale Classical Studies 2: 81–114 Morrissette, B A (1947) The Life and Works of Marie-Catherine Desjardins (Mme de Villedieu) 1632–1683 St Louis Most, G W., Petersmann, H., and Ritter, A M., eds (1993) Philanthropia kai ă Albrecht Dihle zum 70 Geburtstag Gottingen ă eusebeia: Festschrift fur Muecke, F (ed.) 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The Cambridge Companion to Horace Edited by Stephen Harrison Index More information INDEX Academic sceptics 175 accessus (introduction), medieval 292 Actium, battle of 11–12, 26, 82 addressees, poetic 155, 173–4, 177, 203–4 Alcaeus 25, 34, 40–6 Alexandrianism 50 Almond, Maureen 346 Alphanus of Salerno 297–8 Alsop, Anthony apostrophe (address) 151 Archilochus 8, 25, 37–9, 93–104 Ariosto 310 Aristippus 175–7 aristocrats, young 16 Arnold, Matthew 336 Ars Poetica 132–43 dating of 20 Renaissance reception of 305 Auden, W H 340–1 Augustan poets, contemporary 71–2 Augustus 13–14, 15–16, 45, 65, 77–89, 115–16, 125, 198, 257–8 Bacchus 218–19 Bentley, Richard, edition of Horace 323 Bion 165–8, 178 Boethius 283 bowdlerisation 207–19 Brutus Bunting, Basil 343–4 Byron, Lord 334 Caecilius Epirota, Q 64 Callimachus 50–6, 93, 95, 99, 102, 181–2, 184, 245, 253–4 Canidia 10, 101–2, 169 Carmen Saeculare 86, 190, 227–8 dating of 15 Carolingian transmission 285 carpe diem, slogan 154, 172, 243 Catullus 57, 69–71, 95, 102–3, 181–2, 267 Celtis, Conrad 306 civil war 82 Cleopatra 16–17 Clough, Arthur Hugh 336–7 commentaries on Horace ancient 282 medieval 293–6 countryside, nature 235–47 Cynicism 165–8, 169–70 Dante Alighieri 304 death, presentation of 43–4 deixis 156 diatribe 107, 167–8, 171 Dowson, Ernest 338–9 editions of Horace, ancient 283 elegy, Latin 74–6, 255 Epicureanism 119, 168, 170–1, 172–4, 175–7, 178–9, 214, 224, 239–41, 242 epigram, Hellenistic 56–60 epinician (literary genre) 47 Epistles Book 85–6, 121–9 dating of 14–15 Epistles Book 88–9, 129–30, 257–8 dating of 18–20 Epodes 93–104 dating of 9–12 epyllion 61–2 Fitzgerald, Edward 337 Florus 18–19 379 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83002-7 - The Cambridge Companion to Horace Edited by Stephen Harrison Index More information index friendship 195–206 Frost, Robert 342–3 gender 222–8 genre, poetic 250–3 Gray, Thomas 328 Heiric of Auxerre 287–8 Hellenistic poetry/aesthetics 50–60 Hesiod 54 hetairai 210 Hipponax 37–9, 99–100, 102 Homer 112, 249 homosexuality 230–2 Hopkins, Gerard Manley 337 Horace ancient editions of 283 bowdlerisation in reception of 207–19 commentaries on 282, 293–6 future fame, own predictions of 30 imitations of 305–10, 321–5, 336–9 life of 7–21 physical appearance of 21 self-representation of 22–35, 38, 106–9, 190, 222 style of 262–72 temperament of 21 translations of 318–20, 335–6 and wine 207–19 and women 221–34 Housman, A E 339 hymnic form 182 imagery, poetic 204–6, 262 imitatio (literary imitation) 140–1 initiation/inspiration, poetic 55, 244–5 Janus, temple, closures of 19–20 Jerome and pagan literature 292 Jonson, Ben 313–16 Juvenal 279 Keats, John 335 Kipling, Rudyard 339 letter-form, ancient 121–30 letters, philosophical, ancient 126–8 life/art analogy 253–5 literary criticism 132–43, 248–61 Longley, Michael 345 love, desire 158–9, 221–34 Lucilius 67–8, 110–20, 129, 251, 256, 279 Lucretius 68–9, 168, 245 MacNeice, Louis 341–2 Maecenas 10, 11, 15, 16, 26, 53, 80–1, 97, 106, 115, 129, 168, 197–8, 199, 203, 232, 233–4, 241 magic 101–2 magister bibendi (sympotic president) 210 Marbod of Rennes 303–4 Marvell, Andrew 329–30 ‘mean’, the 215–16 Mercury 24 Metellus of Tegernsee 298 metres, poetic 36–48, 94, 146–9, 262, 280 militia amoris (love as war) 34 Milton, John 328 mouse, town and country 236–7 music, medieval 288–9, 296 Naulochus, battle of 25–6 Neoptolemus of Parium 133–4 Newbolt, Henry 339–40 Odes Books 1–3 40–6, 82–5, 144–60 dating of 12–14 Odes Book 82–5, 144–60 dating of 16–17 Ovid 277–8 Owen, Wilfred 340 paean (literary genre) 46–7 Panaetius 165, 175, 176 panegyric 79, 84 Parke, John 324 Parthians 17 patronage 195–206 perfectionism 255–8 Persius 279 Petrarch 289, 299–300, 305–10 pharmakos (scapegoat) 100 Philippi, battle of 84 Philodemus 57, 118, 134–5, 168 philosophy 117–20, 158, 159 Pindar 46, 47, 252 Plautus 65–6 poets, position in society 258–60 politics 10, 115–17 polyeideia (generic variety) 56 Pope, Alexander 330–1 Pound, Ezra 343 Prior, Matthew 328–9 380 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83002-7 - The Cambridge Companion to Horace Edited by Stephen Harrison Index More information index Propertius 51, 277 Prudentius 282, 284–5 readers, audience 256–7 reception of Horace in Carolingian writers 297 in medieval writers 294–304 in Oxford and Cambridge in 18th cent 326–7 in prose fiction 321–5 in 20th cent 340–6 in 21st cent 344–6 in Victorian writers 334–9 See also under individual authors recusatio (poetic refusal) 19, 251–2 religion 194 Roman Odes 84, 193 Rossetti, Christina 337–8 Sabine estate 11, 16, 24, 26, 198, 199, 235, 237, 246–7 Sandys, George 316 Sappho 40–5 Sarbiewski, Casimir 325–6 Satires 105–20 dating of 9–12 dialogue technique in 113–14 Saxo Grammaticus 198 school curriculum 288, 291–2 Seneca 281, 284 Sextus Amaricius 302 Shakespeare, William 307 Skelton, John 306 Smith, Charlotte 331–2 Spenser, Edmund 307 sphragis (seal-poem) 15, 30 Statius 281 Stoicism 119–20, 170–1, 172–4, 175–7, 179, 239–40 structure, poetic 267 symposium 159, 172–3, 207–19, 242–4 Tennyson, Alfred Lord 337 Terence 66, 72–4 Thackeray, William 337 Tiberius 85, 87 time and space, presentation of 153–5 translations of Horace 318–20, 335–6 Urban VIII, Pope 325 Valerius Cato, P 64, 68 Virgil 9, 16, 141–2, 211–12, 250 Wedde, Ian 345 wine 207–19 women 221–34 Wordsworth, William 334 Wyllys, Benjamin 327 381 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org ... to be dedicated to one of its contributors, but the immense contribution of Robin Nisbet to Horatian studies, the great personal and scholarly debts owed to him by the editor and several of the. .. Against the general view I take ibis to refer to the departure of the expedition (cf Tibullus 1.3.1), not the attack at Actium (which is supposed to lie in the future), and propugnacula to refer to. .. restored to our own Jupiter the standards torn from the proud portals of the Parthians, and closed the gateway of Janus Quirini when it was free from wars’); he is usually presumed to refer to the