Shakespeare poetry, history, and culture

Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Shakespeare 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 This page intentionally left blank Poetry, History, and Culture Jonathan Hart 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Shakespeare shakespeare Copyright © Jonathan Hart, 2009 First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries ISBN: 978-0-230-61677-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hart, Jonathan Locke, 1956- Shakespeare : poetry, culture and history / Jonathan Hart p cm ISBN 978-1-4039-6188-4 (alk paper) Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616—Criticism and interpretation I Title PR2989.H267 2009 822.3'3—dc22 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library Design by Scribe Inc First edition: December 2009 10 Printed in the United States of America 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart 2009015906 Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 All rights reserved Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 For Anne Barton 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 This page intentionally left blank Preface and Acknowledgments ix Introduction I Poetry 15 Venus and Adonis 17 The Rape of Lucrece 29 The Sonnets 45 II Culture and History 71 Barbarism and Its Contexts 73 Shakespeare’s Representation of History 89 Shakespeare’s Italy and England 99 Some Questions of Gender in the Second Tetralogy 121 Henry V 173 Henry VIII 193 Conclusion 205 Notes 211 Index 253 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Contents 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 This page intentionally left blank This is a book for general readers, students, and scholars in the field As a result, I have written the volume in what I hope is an accessible way without sacrificing attention to detail Another aspect of this study is that it is the work of someone who has published poetry, criticism, and history over a long period I see criticism and history as arts as well as matters of science That is perhaps why I have not rushed to bring this book together in a single argument but have left it, perhaps neglectfully, over decades I have tried to add some notes to allow the reader to see what was done in the field after the writing that seems most relevant to the topic at hand The tension among the poet, the critic, and the historian is probably in keeping with those strands in the work under consideration Shakespeare, however, is an exceptional case My debt is to the text, the trace before me, of a remarkable artist, practical and theoretical, of the theatre and poetry He can be Milton’s poet of nature and someone who calls attention to theatricality, as Hamlet and the Chorus in Henry V so well Shakespeare was a poet and a working actor, playwright, and sharer in a theatre company, so it is important, as John Barton has shown, to think also of the text as a score for living theatre How, for instance, does an actor convey irony? I thank John Barton and others who write for and direct in the theatre for the productions I have seen or workshops given or books written from this point of view Earlier parts of some of the book have appeared in journals and collections in Europe and the United States, but some chapters, like those on representing history, gender, and barbarism, appear here in print for the first time even if they were first created some time ago Some of these parts I wanted to let sit so I could think about whether my approach made sense Often, my way in was to the evidence of the text itself, providing some context along the way Some were in areas of controversy, and I did not want to be so caught up in the moment that I would bring more blindness than insight to the matter at hand After a long time, I have decided to let this method stand, of working from Shakespeare’s text, as fluid as that might be, and looking outward when the work suggests that As Shakespeare’s texts are matters of editorial controversy themselves, with variants in spelling, lines, and scenes in places, I have not attempted to standardize any 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Preface and Acknowledgments Index author (continued ) 121, 139, 160, 199, 229n9; playwright, 1, 7, 13, 50, 89, 96, 101, 135, 139, 160, 173, 177–78, 181, 184–85, 187–88, 195, 197, 199, 202–3, 205, 207, 209, 250n11; poet, 1–3, 5–7, 13, 17, 19, 22, 31, 33–34, 38, 40–43, 49–50, 53–54, 56–69, 75, 89–90, 98, 155, 160, 205–6, 212n24, 220n12, 229n9; writer, 2–4, 6, 8–9, 17, 30–31, 35, 39, 43, 59, 61, 64, 75, 96–97, 123, 139–40, 161, 174, 205, 212n24, 223n36, 241n95 Bacon, Francis, 131, 222n33, 236n25 Baldwin, T W., 37, 220n11 barbarism (barbaric, barbarity), 9–10, 70, 73–81, 83, 85–87, 89, 136, 205, 207–8, 210, 213–14n31, 223n1, 224n3, 224–25nn7–11 Barlowe, Arthur, 87 Bate, W Jackson, 229n9 Beardsley, Monroe C., 173 Beaumont, Francis, 2–3, 7, 139, 205, 210 beauty (beautiful, beauteous), 4, 6, 12, 17–18, 21, 25–28, 32–33, 36, 41, 52–55, 58–60, 62–68, 70, 91, 114, 123, 165, 203, 205, 222n34, 238n55, 240n95 Beauvoir, Simone de, 123 Belleforest, Franỗois de, 94 Benjamin, Walter, 74–75, 207–8, 224n6, 251n7 Bermann, Sandra, 221n18 Bermuda, 81, 96–97, 100–102, 106–7 Berry, Philippa, 158–60, 238n66, 239n80, 239n82, 240n94, 241n101, 242– 43nn109–12, 243n114 Bible (biblical), 4, 6, 10, 48, 89, 91–93, 97, 134, 208, 224n3 biography, 5, 7, 56, 90; autobiography, 7, 45, 48, 67 birth, 7–8, 18, 30, 42, 50, 76, 93, 107–8, 115, 125–27, 133, 141, 150–51, 193, 196, 199, 200–202; rebirth, 51, 62, 99, 122, 208 Blake, William, 3, 6, 212n24 blame, 26, 32–34, 36, 39, 42, 67, 147, 162, 165, 189, 197, 199, 201–2, 239n82; praise, 1–2, 21, 23–24, 40, 42, 45, 55–56, 62–64, 66–68, 90, 103, 106, 114, 118, 123, 135, 143, 148, 150, 156, 165–69, 181, 183, 185, 191, 193, 201–3, 218n9, 220n12, 222n33, 236n18 Bloom, Harold, 229–30n9 Boas, Frederick, 173–74 Boase, Roger, 158, 241n100 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 154, 157 Boleyn (Bullen), Anne, 46, 250n16 bound, 5–6, 12, 19, 49–52, 69, 76, 175–76, 184, 186, 206; boundary, 5, 11–12, 48–50, 55, 76, 91, 175, 190, 210 Bradley, A C., 218n10 Bray, Alan, 128, 133–34, 222n20, 234n1, 236n20, 237n32 Brecht, Bertolt (Brechtian), 74, 140, 174, 249n4; alienation or estrangement effect, 74, 140, 174 Breisach, Ernst, 80, 231n5 Britain, 2–3, 9–10, 30, 77, 93, 95, 99–107, 119, 208, 232n5, 239n75; Britishness, Bruni, Leonardo, 137 Bullough, Geoffrey, 90 Burckhardt, Jacob, 123 Burghley, Lord (William Cecil), 18, 215n8 Cabot, John (Giovanni Caboto), 81–82, 96, 100–102, 106–7, 115–16; Cabot, Sebastian, 107 Callisthenes, 81 Calvin, Jean, 115 Camden, William, 156, 193–95 Caminha, Pêro Vaz de, 73 Camões, Luís Vaz de, 73 cannibal, 85–86 Capellanus, Andreas, 123 Cartier, Jacques, 81–82 Castiglione, Baldassare, 123, 128, 154, 159 Catholic, 4, 10, 12, 101, 108, 113, 119, 163 Cavendish, Margaret (Duchess of Newcastle), 214n34 censorship, 96, 108, 153, 193–94 Chapman, George, 160, 240n94 character, 3–6, 9–12, 19–20, 29–31, 33–36, 38–43, 47–50, 52, 54, 56, 63–64, 90, 92–94, 97, 102, 104–5, 110, 114, 119, 122–37, 139–40, 142–46, 150, 162–65, 170–71, 173–80, 183–86, 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 254 188, 190–91, 195–96, 198–200, 202, 206, 209, 212n24, 215n14, 218nn9– 10, 219n17, 220n12, 235n6, 237n31, 240n95, 244n1 Charles of Spain (Emperor Charles V), 84 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 3, 49, 56, 92–93, 228n1 child, 2, 4, 8, 22, 32, 50, 52–54, 57, 61, 85, 108, 110, 119, 129, 132–33, 138, 145, 147, 149, 151–52, 155, 163–65, 169–70, 202–3 Chodorow, Nancy, 124, 236n16 Chorus, 6, 10–12, 27, 49–51, 90, 92, 96, 110, 114–15, 164, 168–71, 174, 177, 179–81, 184–85, 189–91, 194–96, 203, 209, 221n17, 245n1, 247n19 See also Epilogue; Prologue Christ, Jesus, 25, 82, 84, 91, 93, 113, 188–89 Christian, 4, 10, 57, 80, 82–84, 86, 90, 92, 101, 113, 188, 208; Christendom, 100, 110, 117; Christian and biblical history, 93–94; Christianity, 85, 187, 241n95; Christian prince (king), 156, 181, 189; Christian providential history, 92; Christian women, 139; Christian universal history, 84 chronicle(s), 5, 35, 63, 68, 84, 91, 96, 121, 184, 193–94, 203, 209, 228n4, 229n7, 238n54; chronicle play, 96, 121, 194, 203, 209; chroniclers, 84, 92, 102, 157 city, 70, 74, 80, 84, 90, 115 civil, 75, 89; civility, 10, 76, 87, 210, 225n9; civil society, 79; civil war or strife, 65, 93, 96, 112–13, 140, 152, 171, 174, 180, 187, 208; civilization, 10, 12, 70, 75, 80, 154, 207, 210, 225n8, 225n10 Cixous, Hélène, 139, 237n49 Clapham, John, 18–19, 215n10 class, 75, 78, 85, 154, 165, 170, 207 classic (classical), 2, 4, 8–10, 17–18, 25, 28, 74, 76–79, 83–84, 89–92, 97, 99, 101, 103, 113–14, 118, 122, 138, 158, 160, 166, 174–75, 183, 205–8, 210, 238n72, 241n95 classical mythology (selected figures): Astrea, 18; Cynthia, 25, 155, 160, 240n94; Diana, 18, 136, 158, 160; Eurydice, 37; Icarus, 49; Narcissus, 18–19, 21–22, 32, 54; Orpheus, 18, 37; Philomela, 29, 42; Pluto, 37; Virgo, 18 255 Cockeram, Martin, 86 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 3–4, 90 colonies (colonialism, colonization, colonizers, postcolonialism), 74, 78–79, 82–85, 97, 99, 101–2, 107, 110, 112, 115, 118, 208, 212n21, 222n33, 224n3, 225–26nn8–11, 227nn29–30, 227n36, 228n46, 230nn18–19, 230n1, 231n2, 231n5, 232n7, 233n24, 242n101, 251n8; possession, 81–82, 84 Columbus, Christopher, 81–82, 84–87, 100–102, 106, 115–16, 207 comedy, 6, 10–12, 17, 23, 48, 50, 76, 78, 89, 91, 92, 102, 114, 134, 138, 140, 142, 145, 148, 150, 152, 154, 171, 175, 190–91, 195–96, 201–2, 207–9, 220n13, 240n95, 246n10 complicit (complicity), 35, 38, 43, 206 conceit, 10, 25, 40, 46–47, 56–57, 59–60, 65, 132, 155, 177, 206, 220n12 Condell, Henry, 2–3, 6, 8, 12–13, 92–93, 100, 117, 171, 191, 205, 210 conscious, 7, 78, 124, 128, 139–40, 157, 173, 176, 179, 188, 194, 200; selfconscious, 9, 19, 27, 31, 34, 37–40, 42, 47, 76, 143, 177–78, 180, 188, 206; unconscious, 7, 124, 128, 139, 145, 173, 176, 188 content, 11–12, 28, 48, 50, 52, 70, 97, 173, 199 context, 2–3, 9–10, 12, 18, 20, 23, 27, 29–31, 42, 45–46, 50, 54–55, 59, 63–65, 67, 73–74, 76, 83, 87, 90, 97, 106–7, 112, 119, 121, 133–34, 139–40, 145, 162, 180, 183, 188, 190, 205, 209–10, 215nn8–9, 218n8, 219n14, 221n17, 223nn36–37, 223n1, 225nn8–9, 238n53, 240n95, 248n1 contradiction, 5, 50, 53, 55, 57, 60–63, 68, 76, 81, 85, 87, 91–93, 95, 160, 162, 165–66, 171, 191, 193, 201, 203, 207, 209, 224n3, 240n95 convention (conventional), 33, 37, 40, 46, 48, 54, 61, 69, 89, 102, 119, 144, 160, 165, 175, 182, 184, 208, 221n19, 239n80 Cortés, Hernán, 82, 84 country, 9, 29–30, 46, 48, 83, 87, 96, 101, 104, 108, 112–13, 119, 126–27, 130, 149, 153, 157, 164 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index Index court, 11, 35, 46, 54, 77, 80–81, 85, 87, 94, 115–16, 123, 131, 151, 157, 198, 201, 249n5 Crane, Mary Thomas, 159, 247nn107–8 cultural, 18, 46, 74–75, 77–80, 83–86, 94, 99–101, 105, 119, 129, 154, 208; cultural appropriation, 85 culture, 3–5, 7–8, 10, 12, 18, 27, 45–46, 48, 54, 61, 70–71, 73–75, 78, 81, 83, 85–87, 89, 99–102, 112, 119–20, 122, 134, 142, 144, 146, 154, 171, 173, 203, 207, 210, 212n22, 213n25, 228n1, 234n2, 242n101; translation of culture, 3, 10, 100, 230n1 Daniel, Samuel, 46 Dante (Alighieri), 68, 220n12 Davis, Natalie Zemon, 122, 235n3, 251n14 death, 1–3, 6–9, 13, 18, 20–27, 29–30, 34–35, 37–39, 42, 46–53, 55, 57–60, 62, 64, 65–70, 90–91, 93–96, 112– 13, 117, 125, 127, 129, 132, 138–39, 145, 149–52, 156, 162, 166–67, 169–71, 175, 178, 180–81, 183, 186, 188, 190, 193–94, 197–202, 205–7, 221n19, 222n29, 222n34, 239n75, 242n106; mortality, 8, 22, 45, 48, 52, 55–57, 59–60, 62, 66; suicide, 29, 34, 38 deconstruction (deconstructive), 128, 145, 218n9, 247n1 deposition, 113, 131, 183, 186 description, 9, 11, 19, 21–25, 27, 39–40, 42, 57, 76, 97, 156–58, 165, 170, 175, 177, 184, 186, 201, 202, 206, 232n14 devil, 65, 76, 117, 145, 162, 177, 179 dilemma, 27–28, 35, 43, 46, 48, 56, 174, 179, 202, 210, 222n19 direct speech, 9, 19, 22, 25, 206 discovery, 17, 69, 73, 81–82, 84–85, 89, 96–97, 101, 206–7, 210, 228n1 disease, 8, 69, 147, 149–50, 162; epidemic, 8; plague, 112; sickness, 62, 69, 111, 143, 147, 151, 162–63 Dolce, Ludovico, 17–18 drama, 4, 6, 11, 13, 42, 48, 73, 87, 99, 107–8, 122, 139–40, 173, 193, 195, 203, 207–9, 231n4, 250n16 Drayton, Michael, 102, 156 Du Bellay, Joachim, 45, 47 Dubrow, Heather, 215–16nn14–15, 218n9, 220n14, 221n19, 223n36, 243n114 dynasty (dynastic), 11, 49, 55, 70, 106, 108, 116, 146, 164, 169–70 Eagleton, Terry, 174 Eden, Richard, 97 education, 18, 139, 142, 154–55, 174, 212n21 Edward III, 160–61, 183 Edward, the Black Prince, 161, 177, 183 Elizabeth I, 3–4, 5–6, 11, 18, 27, 30, 93, 100, 102, 107–8, 110, 115–16, 118–19, 121–22, 130–31, 153, 155–60, 165, 170, 191, 193–95, 200–202, 209, 213n31, 215n9, 239n76, 239n80, 239n82, 240n85, 240–41n95, 242n106, 244n1, 249n5 Elizabethan, 30, 92, 102, 124, 132, 144, 150–51, 153, 156–58, 162–63, 171, 177, 209, 222n20, 235n9, 240n95 Elyot (Eliot), John, 147, 237n41 emblem (emblematic), 23, 31, 39–40, 55, 123; icon, 58; iconoclasm, 339n80; iconography, 93, 159 See also symbol empire, 2–3, 8–10, 27, 30, 70, 73, 79–84, 92, 96–97, 99, 100, 101, 105–6, 108–11, 113–14, 118–19, 156, 208, 224n3, 225n9, 226n17, 231nn4–5; British empire, 8; English empire, 8, 84; Roman Empire, 10, 83–84, 99–101, 105, 110, 118; translation of empire, 79–81, 83–84, 92, 101, 106, 108–9, 111, 113–14, 119, 231nn4–5 England, 2, 4, 8, 10–12, 30, 45–46, 70, 73–74, 77–78, 81, 84, 86–87, 90, 92–97, 99–103, 105–27, 130–31, 135, 141, 143–44, 149, 153, 158–60, 163–64, 169, 171, 173, 179–83, 187, 193, 205, 208–10, 213–14n31, 217n20, 222n33, 224n3, 225n9, 230n1, 233n25, 240–41n95, 244n1, 249n11; Englishness, 5, 102 epic, 9–10, 40, 49, 52, 81, 85, 89–92, 101, 106–8, 114, 186, 206, 208, 240– 41n95; epic drama, 107; epic history, 90; epic list, 170; epic of England, 100, 108; epyllion (epyllia), 9–10, 89, 160, 208, 218n9, 243n114 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 256 Epilogue, 49–52, 96, 152–53, 155, 174, 176, 179–80, 182, 185, 195, 202, 221n17 See also Chorus erotic, 18, 23–24, 27, 36, 38, 48, 92–93, 160, 210, 215n3 error, 19, 48, 51, 68–70, 92, 122, 134, 158, 213n31, 243n18; mistake, 21, 67, 114, 198 Essex, Earl of (Robert Devereux), 27, 115, 131, 170, 185, 194 Essex rebellion, 4, 27, 153, 194 eternal, 6, 55, 68–69; eternity, 32, 43, 47, 50, 61; immortal (immortality), 8, 22, 45, 52–53, 55–57, 59–62 ethics (ethical), 6, 27–28, 30–31, 33, 41, 43, 70, 73, 197, 199–200, 202, 206, 210; ethics of reading, 5, 30, 43 (see also reader); narrative ethic, 31 (see also narration) ethnology, 86 (see also geography); anthropology, 85–86; ethnography, 80–81 Euripides, Europe (European), 2, 4, 7–10, 45, 56, 73–76, 78–79, 81–87, 89, 91–92, 94–95, 97, 99–101, 108, 112–13, 122, 150, 154, 164, 207–8, 210, 222n33, 223n37, 224n3, 241n95 Eusebius, 84 Evans, G B., 216n14, 222n33, 237n39, 243n123 Evans, G Blakemore, 56, 128, 137, 170, 211n7, 221n19 exile, 12, 29–30, 33, 38, 43, 92, 96, 112–13, 125–26, 132, 190 fame, 1, 8, 12, 36, 53–54, 62, 64, 69, 143, 207 family, 2, 7, 26, 51, 53–54, 79, 91, 95, 111, 124, 138, 164, 180, 193, 197–98, 250n16 fate, 8, 49, 51, 56, 62, 80, 110, 114, 146, 170, 176, 199 feminine, 11, 34, 121–25, 127, 129, 134, 136, 144, 150, 151, 153, 157, 164, 168, 171, 209, 239n80; Renaissance woman, 236n27, 243n117 feminism (feminist), 119, 121–22, 139, 145, 154, 171, 208–9, 233n27, 242n410, 243n117; effeminate (effeminacy), 11, 121–25, 129, 134, 136–37, 140, 144, 150–51, 153, 166–67, 181, 209, 257 236n27; femininity, 124, 225n9; Ferdinand and Isabella (of Spain), 82, 100, 116 fiction (fictional), 5–6, 40–42, 65, 68, 70, 75, 82, 90, 92, 97–99, 101, 123, 131, 134–35, 152, 174, 176, 184, 186, 193–94, 205–6, 208, 210; ending in fiction, 247n21; fictional markers, 228n3; historical fiction, 229n5; prose fiction, 241n95 Fineman, Joel, 220n12 First Folio, 1–3, 6–8, 12, 17, 100, 205, 210 Flaubert, Gustave, 74 Fletcher, John, 30, 52, 115, 139, 195, 202–3 Ford, Philip, 219n2 Foreman, Simon, 157 form, 6, 10–12, 20, 22, 28, 30, 33, 39, 43, 46, 49–52, 55–56, 60, 62, 64, 70, 80, 82, 97, 100–101, 128, 137, 173, 188, 191, 201, 206; formal, 9, 47, 51, 69, 136, 205, 207, 218n9 fortune (fortune), 10, 49, 67, 117, 130, 136, 151, 166, 170, 179–80, 189, 197–98, 200 Foucault, Michel, 123 France, 6, 11, 49, 54, 70, 81, 83, 90, 95–97, 101, 106–15, 124, 152–55 French, Marilyn, 122, 171, 235n5, 251n15 Freud and Shakespeare, 230n9 friction, 11–12, 20, 23, 47, 57, 108, 174, 176, 179–80, 190, 195–96, 210 Frobisher, Martin, 86 Garber, Marjorie, 157 garden (gardener), 10–11, 18, 49, 56, 107, 130, 184, 215n5; Eden, Gardiner, Judith, 145, 238n58 Gascoigne, George, 162 Geertz, Clifford, gender, 9, 11, 18, 35, 41, 55, 67, 74–75, 91, 119–23, 125, 127–31, 133, 135–45, 147–49, 151–61, 163, 165–67, 169, 171, 173, 205–10, 214n34, 221n19, 225n7, 226n11, 234nn1–2, 242nn110– 11, 247n1; Amazon, 85, 156–58, 240–41n95; virago, 131, 154, 157–59 genre, 5–6, 9, 11–12, 49, 76, 89, 91, 100, 119, 122, 140, 171, 173–77, 182, 184–86, 188, 190, 194–95, 207, 212n21, 217n18, 228n1, 230n11, 234n1, 246n10 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index Index Geoffrey of Monmouth, 102 geography, 80–81, 94, 101, 114–15 Germanicus, Saxo, 94 Germany, 161; German(s), 4, 6, 101, 161, 205, 228n2 Geyl, Pieter, 90 Gifford, Humphrey, 168 Gilbert, Humphrey, 82, 86 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 4, 89 Golding, Arthur, 17 Gosson, Stephen, 134 Gower, John, 92 Grafton, Richard, 102, 193 Greece, 2, 9, 17, 79, 93, 100, 114, 119, 206; Greek(s), 2, 17, 40, 69, 74, 76–81, 83, 90, 92, 94, 104, 107, 109, 114, 134, 207, 212n21, 224n4, 226n17, 245n6, 251n6 Greenblatt, Stephen, 133, 139, 159, 215n8 Grindon, Rosa, 122, 235n7 Hadfield, Andrew, 251n9 Haie, Edward, 82, 84, 86 Hakluyt, Richard (the Younger), 5, 8, 45, 81–84, 97, 102, 107, 222n33 Hall, Christopher, 86 Hall, Edward, 5, 91 Harington, John, 131, 236n23 Harlow, V T., 156, 238n82 Harriot, Thomas, 102, 107 Hartland (Devon), hate, 37, 50, 54; hatred, 35, 41, 43, 70, 87, 127, 169 Hawes, Stephen, 143, 238n54 Hawkins, John, 86, 102; Hawkins, William, 86 Hayward, John, 194 Hecataeus of Miletus, 80 Hegel, G W F., 73 Heisch, Allison, 236n26, 238n72, 242n106, 242n108 Heminge, John, 2–3, 6, 8, 12–13, 93, 100, 171, 191, 205, 210 Henryson, Robert, 162 Henslowe, Philip, hero, 12, 115, 148–49, 176, 179, 187, 222n33, 244n1; antiheroic, 175, 246n11; heroic, 51, 59, 81, 114, 148, 175–76, 179–83, 190–91, 209, 239n80, 244n1; heroism, 11, 85, 173, 175–76, 180, 184, 186, 191 Herodotus, 5, 10, 74, 77, 80, 85, 90, 207, 214n33, 225n11 Heywood, Thomas, 153, 238n69 Hieatt, A Kent, 45 Hirsch, E D., 174 historical (historic), 5–6, 12, 18, 41, 43, 49–50, 70, 74–75, 80–81, 83, 89–91, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102–3, 107–8, 112, 114, 118, 127, 133, 139–40, 149, 153–54, 158–59, 174, 177, 179, 181–86, 190, 194–96, 201, 203, 208–9, 229n5, 239n80, 248n1; historical poetry, 6, 98, 208 historiography (historiographical), 5, 80, 83, 90, 176, 194, 248n1, 250n16 history, 5–6, 10–12, 18, 27, 29, 43, 49–50, 68, 70–71, 73–76, 79–82, 84–85, 87, 89–104, 106–7, 112–13, 119–23, 125, 128, 141, 161, 171, 173–210, 218n9, 224n3, 228n3, 231nn3–4, 233n20, 243n1, 245n1, 248–49n1, 249nn6–7, 250n16; historian(s), 4–6, 28, 81, 90, 99, 114, 121–22, 157–58, 179, 194, 210, 212n24, 229n6, 234n1, 235n8, 248; metahistory, 248n1 history plays (histories), 5, 11–12, 43, 89–90, 93–95, 107, 112, 119, 121–23, 125, 171, 173–79, 182, 184–85, 187–88, 190–91, 193, 195, 202, 205, 208–10, 228n4, 234n1, 243n114, 246nn14–15, 250n16 Hoby, Thomas, 123, 154 Holbein the Younger, Hans, 46 Holinshed, Raphael, 5, 91, 112, 136, 143, 244n1, 248n1 Homer, 6, 9, 81, 85, 90, 92, 206, 212n21, 228n1 homosexuality, 128, 134, 222n20, 234n1, 236n20 homosocial, 124, 236n20 Howard, Jean E., 122, 234n1, 235n4 Howell, Thomas, 137 Hugo, Victor, 89 Humphreys, A R., 138, 147, 150, 236n19, 237n42, 238n54 hunt, 22, 24, 165; hunter, 17, 22, 24 Ibsen, Henrik, 173 identity, 5, 21, 25, 56, 92, 97, 107, 145, 150, 218n9, 243n1 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 258 ideology, 87, 97–98, 123, 171, 208, 248n1; ideological allegory, 27; ideological foundations, 29; ideological urge, image, 1–2, 9, 17–18, 20, 22, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51–56, 61–62, 65, 74, 100, 113, 119, 120, 123, 129–31, 152, 156, 169, 184, 186–88, 199, 201, 205, 218n9, 231n5, 241n95; imagery, 9, 19, 21, 23–24, 27, 51, 53, 65–66, 122, 151, 158, 175–76, 184, 189, 216n15 imagination, 3, 12, 18, 32–33, 39–40, 42, 47–48, 50, 73, 85, 90, 119, 123, 125, 127, 136, 140, 184–85, 194–96, 202, 209–10, 239n80, 239n82; imagine, 40, 90, 136, 196; imagined, 3, 32–33, 40, 42, 48; invent, 62, 220n12 imperial, 49, 76, 79–80, 101, 105–10, 116, 131, 165; imperialism, 80, 97 intellect, 39; copyright, 7; intellectual, 81, 83, 99–100, 158, 175, 195, 198; intellectual property, interpret (interpretation), 5–6, 9–10, 12–12, 17, 20, 25, 31, 35–41, 43, 78, 80, 86, 89–90, 93, 104–5, 110, 119–20, 122, 127, 129, 134, 139, 144–45, 148–49, 153–54, 156, 158, 171, 173–76, 180, 183–85, 187–88, 190, 196, 200, 202–3, 205, 207–8, 210, 212n22, 218n9, 228n1, 235n5, 247n20, 248n1; hermeneutics, 20, 34, 105; reinterpretation (reinterpret), 17, 89, 104, 171, 174, 203, 208, 228n1 Ireland, 114–15, 127, 131, 167, 191, 233n24, 244n1; Irish, 5, 79, 115, 141, 165, 245n1 irony (ironic), 1, 4, 20, 24, 42, 51, 58, 76, 86, 126, 130, 139, 148–49, 162, 168, 173, 175–91, 195–97, 200–201, 209, 211n18, 216, 219, 224n3, 231n3, 243–44n1, 245n8, 247n22; dramatic irony, 42, 130, 148, 162, 177–78, 186–89, 196–97, 200; irony of structure, theatre and words, 176; irony of theatre, 177, 179, 191 Italy, 9–12, 30, 74, 94, 99–109, 111–13, 115, 117, 119–21, 123, 205, 208, 213–14n31, 231n4; Italian, 10, 46, 55, 69, 94, 99–102, 104–9, 112, 119, 168, 208, 220n8, 231n4, 232n10, 232n12, 233n19, 240n95 259 Jacobean, 102, 191, 209, 240n85 James I (of England; James VI of Scotland), 3, 5, 7–8, 30, 93, 95, 100, 116, 118, 194, 210, 249n5, 250n16 Jamestown, 8, 97, 118 Jardine, Lisa, 122, 235n8 Javitch, David, 159, 242n107 Jenkins, Harold, 94, 137, 230n12, 237n39 Johnson, Samuel, 3, 6, 212n24, 213n31 Jonson, Benjamin (Ben), 1–4, 6–8, 12–13, 17, 147, 150, 153, 205, 210, 211n17, 213n27 Jordon, Constance, 139, 237n41, 237n50 Jourdain, Sylvester, 96 Kahn, Coppélia, 216n16, 217n20, 231n4, 236nn15–16, 238n58, 238n70, 239nn73–74 Kaufman, Walter, Keaney, Richard, 228n1 Keats, John, 28, 55, 70, 217nn21–22 Kelly, Joan, 235–36nn10–14, 236n26, 237n28, 238n66, 242nn105–6 Kelso, Ruth, 122–23, 235n10 Kendall, Paul Murray, 90 Kerrigan, John, 221n15, 222n30, 222n34 Kierkegaard, Søren, 89 King, John, 155, 158 king’s two bodies, 186, 189, 243n115 kingship, 94–95, 150, 178–79, 182–84, 186–91, 201, 209 Kott, Jan, 171, 231n5 Kristeva, Julia, 139, 159, 237n49, 242n104 Lamartine, Alphonse de, 213n31 Lambarde, William, Lancaster, House of, 90, 100 language, 4–6, 8–9, 11–12, 17, 19–23, 25, 27–28, 30, 33–34, 36, 38–40, 42–43, 46–58, 61–62, 64–65, 67–70, 74, 79, 85–86, 89, 91, 97–99, 104, 124, 132–35, 137, 141, 145, 157, 165, 171, 174–75, 181, 184, 203, 205–10, 211n16, 214n31, 218n9, 221n18, 224–25n7, 228n1, 231n2, 237n40, 241n95, 243n1, 246n11, 247n22; eloquence (eloquent), 38, 41, 45, 137, 170, 182, 213n31; limitations of language, 67; metalanguage, 22 Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 73, 82, 84–86, 214n32, 224n3 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index Index Lawrence, William Witherle, 175 Léry, Jean de, 73 Levin, Harry, 138, 140, 231n4, 234n2 Lewis, C S., 173 liminal (liminality), 48, 87, 207 Livy, 29–30, 90 logic, 23, 26, 60, 187; counterlogic, 60 London, 4, 7–8, 87, 106, 114, 133, 150, 159, 165, 213n25, 230n1 Longinus, love, 10, 17–19, 21–26, 32, 46–52, 54–64, 66–70, 87, 89, 91–92, 95, 111, 123, 130, 133, 138, 140–41, 148–50, 157–58, 165, 169–71, 178, 184, 189, 197, 207–10; lover, 3, 9, 12, 19, 21, 24, 33, 50–52, 56, 58, 66, 68–70, 91, 108, 133, 139, 162–64, 170, 182, 239n82 Lucretia, 29–30; Diodorus Siculus, 29; Livy, 29; Ovid, 29; representations of in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 29 lust, 9, 19–20, 22–24, 26, 29, 31–32, 35–38, 41–42, 47–49, 52, 67–68, 73, 111, 119, 127, 151, 154, 161, 165–66, 170, 175, 181, 184, 196, 202, 206, 209–10, 241n95 Luther, Martin, 115 Lyly (Lily), John, 2, 155, 239n79 Lyric, 6, 10, 43, 48–49, 60, 64, 128, 151 Machiavelli, Nicolò, 233n19; Machiavel, 108–9; Machiavellian, 42, 107–8, 200, 202 Magellan, Ferdinand, 84, 97 Malone, Edmund, 107 manuscript, 54, 56, 61, 205, 222n33, 230n16 See also print Marlowe, Christopher, 1–2, 40, 128, 131, 147, 205, 229–30n9 Marotti, Arthur, 159, 242n107 marriage, 3, 7, 11–12, 46, 50, 63, 77, 103, 116, 117, 119, 123–24, 126, 131, 137, 141, 145–46, 158, 160–61, 169–71, 174–76, 179–82, 184, 195–96, 198, 200, 222n30, 234n1, 235n9, 241n95, 244n1, 247n20 Marx, Karl (Marxian), 74 masculine, 11, 34, 124, 129, 153, 160, 169, 171; masculinity, 11, 30, 132, 150, 164, 225n9, 234n1 McClure, Peter, 158, 241n100, 242n102 meaning, 4–6, 30, 37, 55, 70, 75, 77–78, 87, 101, 105, 121, 129, 142, 159, 162, 173, 176–77, 185, 187, 190, 199, 207, 209; drama of meaning, 4, 6, 75, 87, 207 Megasthenes, 81 Memory, 1–2, 8, 12–13, 47, 50, 56, 59, 61, 158, 162, 183, 185–86, 200, 244n1; memorial, 8, 54, 57, 74; remembrance, 1, 47, 53–55, 58, 103, 201 metaphor See rhetorical schemes and tropes Middle Ages, 4, 11, 91, 107, 115, 123, 134, 153–54, 241n101, 243n117; medieval, 10, 92, 95, 101, 108–9, 119, 122, 166, 188, 208, 225n11, 238n72 Middleton, Thomas, 150 Milton, John, 2–3, 28, 46, 70, 100, 174, 225n9 mimesis, 19, 27, 74, 203, 206, 217n18, 224n5, 229n5 (see also representation); imitation, 23, 112, 119, 212n21, 218n10 Minh-ha, Trin T., 85 monarch, 27, 30, 83, 109, 153, 160, 187–88; monarchy, 29–30, 80–81, 84, 215n9 monstrosity (monstrous), 10, 73–76, 78, 81, 89, 95, 127, 136, 143, 207–8, 210, 225–26n11 Montaigne, Michel de, 73, 85–86, 97, 207 Montezuma, 82 Montrose, Louis, 131, 156–59, 236nn23– 25, 238n66, 240nn92–93, 241n95, 242n107, 242n110 monument (monumental), 1–3, 7–9, 13, 29, 45–47, 50, 52, 56, 58–66, 91, 112, 206, 221n16 moral, 5, 20, 24, 25, 32, 36, 42–43, 144, 153, 161, 183, 189, 193, 197, 202, 222n30, 225n9, 238n72; morality, 177, 179, 195; moralized history, 200; moralizing, 24, 35–36, 41–42, 148 More, Thomas, 90, 96, 108, 200, 202, 227n38, 242n107; Sir Thomas More, 96, 108, 153, 194 motivation (motive), 12, 32, 36, 43, 145, 147, 176, 180, 183, 188, 198–99, 219n14; intentional fallacy, 40; intentionality, 196, 203 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 260 Mullaney, Steven, 139, 237n40, 237n49 Müller, Adam, Murray, Gilbert, music (musical), 28, 37, 52–53, 70, 114, 134–35, 185 myth (mythology), 3, 6, 8, 12, 17–18, 25–27, 29–30, 34, 82, 87, 89, 91–95, 98, 107, 110, 114, 158, 183, 186, 194, 201–2, 206, 208–10, 228n1, 231n4, 233n20, 239n80, 241n95, 248n1; Amazonian mythology, 157; English mythology, 118; family myth, 91; foundational myth, 29, 104; mythic redemption of Elizabeth, 195; mythic intelligibility, 196; myth of Brutus, 102; myth of continuity, 79; myth of Elizabeth, 159, 209; myth of empire, 79; myth of public sacrifice, 158; myth of Rome, 91; myths of unity and independence, 112; mythological, 43; mythological and historical urges, 6; mythological history, 92; mythologizing (myth-making), 20–22, 24, 30, 34, 127, 141, 186; poetic mythology, 92; political mythology, 27; public myth, 90; Tudor myth, 100, 231n3 narcissism, 19, 37, 52, 55, 216n16, 219n14; narcissistic, 62 narration, 9, 19, 30–31, 35, 40, 206, 218n9; counternarrative, 33; narrative, 5–6, 9, 12–13, 17, 22, 27–29, 31–36, 38–41, 43, 49–50, 54, 78, 80–82, 90–91, 97, 105, 112–13, 122, 130, 133, 136, 157, 160, 170, 177, 185–86, 188, 199, 205–6, 210, 215n9, 216n17, 217n20; narrative filter, 35; narrative theory, 218n9 Nashe, Thomas, 134 nation, 10, 83, 95, 101, 107, 109, 112, 166, 208, 241n95; national, 4–5, 8, 82–83, 91, 213–14n31, 222n33, 243n1; nationalism, 93, 165; patriotism, 29, 91, 174, 179–80, 186 Native, 81–82, 84–87, 97, 102, 107, 207; American Indian, 84, 214n32; Amerindian, 81–84, 86–87 Nature (nature), 1–4, 9–11, 19–27, 32–34, 38, 40–42, 48–49, 52, 54–59, 62–63, 65–68, 73–74, 78, 80, 87, 97, 108, 261 120, 122, 126, 131, 136, 154, 159, 168, 175–76, 178–81, 183–85, 189, 193–95, 205–6, 209, 212n24, 216n17, 217n18, 224n5, 239n80; human nature, 19, 181, 212n21, 214n32, 239n72; laws of nature, 9, 19, 25–27, 206; natural, 6, 8, 21–26, 33–34, 79, 83, 85, 141, 210, 212n21, 213n31, 218n10, 240n95; natural slavery, 85, 214n32, n33; unnatural, 22, 25, 34, 52, 77, 198 Neale, J E., 155–57, 236n24, 239n77, 239n81, 240n88 Netherlands (Holland), 106–7 Newlands, Carole, 29 New World, 73–76, 78, 81–84, 86–87, 94, 96–97, 101–2, 115, 158, 222n33, 224n3, 225n9, 232n12 (see also Virginia); New France, 82 Nicholas, Thomas, 97 Norton, Charles Eliot, Norton, Thomas, 193 nostalgia, 74, 93, 128, 202; golden age, 84, 87, 158 Oliva, Hernán Pérez de, 84 Orgel, Stephen, 107, 232n14 otherness, 75, 85, 102, 207, 227n34, 232n8; alterity, 102 Ovid, 1, 4, 17–19, 27, 29–30, 51, 56–58, 92, 123, 206, 219n14 Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernández de, 81–84, 97 Pagden, Anthony, 79–80, 226n12 painter, 18, 40–42, 75, 99; painting, 10, 17–18, 23, 40–42, 63, 104, 215n13 Paris (city), 94, 155, 163, 228n1 Parker, Patricia, 122 pastoral, 84, 103, 113, 159, 199, 202; sylvan historian, 217n21 patriarchal (patriarchy), 35, 122, 124, 126, 134, 139, 151, 157–59, 164, 237n31, 240n94 patron (patronage), 3, 7–8, 12, 61, 63–66, 83, 138–39, 160, 164 Paul, Saint, 137 peace, 11, 30, 47, 69, 81, 95, 103, 105–6, 111–12, 115, 118, 126–30, 139, 145, 152, 161, 163, 164, 170, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190–91, 201–2, 206, 233n19 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index Index Peacham, Henry, 92 Peele, George, 155, 238n78 Pembroke and Montgomery, Earls of (William and Philip Herbert), 12 persuasion (persuade), 5, 9, 11, 22, 30–31, 36, 38, 43, 55, 124–25, 127, 143, 173–74, 205–6, 212n21 Pharamond, 161 Philip of Spain (Philip II), 18; camerino, 18 Philip of Valois, Philip IV of France, 160–61 philosophy (philosophical), 4–6, 74, 141, 200, 205, 210, 212n21, 228n1, 238–39n72 Pisan, Christine de, 154, 239n73 Pitt, Angela, 122 Plato, 6, 74, 123, 212n21, 220n12, 229n5; Platonic, 54, 58, 64, 239n80; Neoplatonic, 123, 160, 236n14, 239n82, 242n111; antiplatonic, 160 Plautus, 2, 10, 92, 101 Plutarch, 4, 90–91, 141 poetics, 5–6, 9, 25, 27, 30, 43, 47–48, 74–75, 98, 120, 206–7, 208, 212n22, 215n10, 219n19, 224n5, 228n1; metapoetics, 39, 56 poetry, 4–6, 8–10, 12, 15, 18–19, 27–28, 30, 38, 43, 46–47, 51–52, 54–70, 73, 77, 87, 89, 90–91, 95, 97–99, 101, 134, 141, 144, 171, 173–74, 177, 203, 205–10, 212n21, 215n10, 220n12, 223n37, 223n39, 234n2, 243n14 politics, 11, 27, 29, 46, 77, 85, 92, 109, 117, 119, 121, 146, 165, 171, 174, 233n19; polis, 80–81; political, 3, 18, 27, 29–30, 46, 74, 78–79, 81, 89, 90, 93, 97–98, 101–2, 105–6, 117, 119, 122, 124, 127–29, 134, 140, 149, 154, 158–60, 164, 173, 182, 187, 189, 193, 195, 199, 208–9, 212n21, 215n9, 237n31, 240n95; polity, 79, 91 pope(s), 93, 100, 108–11, 116–18, 158; papal bulls (donations), 82; Pope Alexander VI, Benedict XIII, Nicholas V, 82 Pope, Alexander, 56 Porter, David, 215n10 Portugal, 9, 86, 106 posterity, 2–3, 13, 52, 56–57, 63, 68, 205, 210 power, 4–6, 9, 11–12, 18, 26, 28, 32–34, 36–38, 41–43, 47, 51, 57, 59–63, 65–70, 80, 91, 95–97, 101, 103, 106, 108, 110–11, 117, 122–24, 126, 128–30, 132, 141, 144, 146, 153–54, 157–60, 164, 170–71, 173, 178, 183, 185, 189, 194, 196–98, 200, 202, 205–6, 210, 214n31, 222n33, 226n11, 235n9, 237n31, 239n82, 240n92, 249n5; power of rhyme, 57, 59 pride (proud), 2, 40, 56, 61–62, 65, 83, 112, 136, 167, 200–201; hubris, 58 print, 7, 9, 18, 46, 48, 54–55, 59, 61, 69, 91, 94, 124, 205–6, 210 See also manuscript private, 3–7, 9, 11–12, 18, 27, 29–30, 43, 46, 56, 69, 70, 76–77, 87, 91, 94, 104, 123–24, 126–28, 131, 135, 137, 146, 175, 178, 181, 183, 188–90, 207, 209–10, 217n7, 236n27, 247n1 problem play, 11, 91, 173–76, 179–80, 182–84, 186, 188, 190, 246nn10–11, 246n13; critics, 173–75; problem comedy, 246n10 procreation, 52, 54, 56–57, 61–62, 64–66, 69; regeneration, 12, 48, 51–55, 57–59, 191, 225n10 Prologue, 11–12, 50–51, 92, 160, 180, 184– 85, 195–96, 201–2 See also Chorus promotion, 82–83, 118, 226n11; promotional literature, Protestant, 4, 12, 94, 108, 112–13, 118, 158, 202, 247n1 Providence (providential), 92–96, 248–49n1 psychology (psychological), 90, 124, 188; psychoanalysis (psychoanalytical), 128, 145, 157, 173 public, 3–5, 9–12, 18–19, 27, 29–30, 43, 46, 50, 69–70, 83, 87, 90–92, 94–96, 99, 104, 116, 119, 123–24, 126–27, 129, 131, 137, 139, 154–55, 157–59, 175, 178–84, 188–90, 207–10, 240n95, 247n1 Puttenham, George, 46, 134, 219n4 Quinones, Ricardo J., 228n1 Quintilian, 40, 90 race, 35, 75, 85, 101, 122, 207, 237n31 Rackin, Phyllis, 122, 146, 234n1, 235n8, 237n31, 238n60 Raleigh (Ralegh), Walter, Sir, 18, 87, 102, 107, 155–56, 158, 160, 222n33, 239n82, 241n95 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 262 rape, 6, 9–10, 18–19, 20, 23, 27, 29–35, 37–43, 52, 60, 64, 74, 90–92, 101, 156, 158, 165, 181, 184, 188, 205–6, 208 reader, 1–3, 5–6, 9, 12–13, 19–20, 22, 30–32, 34–43, 48, 50, 54–57, 59–60, 62, 67–68, 70, 75, 80, 98, 100, 105, 119–20, 126, 129, 140, 145, 154, 171, 173–74, 182, 195, 203, 205–7, 210, 212n24, 221n19; reader response theory, 245n3; reading, 5, 12–13, 30, 34, 39, 41–43, 55–56, 74–75, 78, 80, 87, 98, 103, 105–6, 110, 120, 123, 128, 139, 145, 154, 171, 190, 200, 202, 206–7, 210, 218n9, 220n11, 221n17, 230n9, 238n66, 247n22 recognition, 46–47, 67, 120, 164, 189, 212n22, 227n34, 229n5, 233n28; misrecognition, 120, 227n34, 233n28 Reformation, 46, 119, 158, 235n9; Counter-Reformation, 235n9, 241n101 religion (religious), 4, 8, 29, 35, 47, 49, 59, 64, 77, 81, 83, 89, 100, 105, 115, 117, 135, 157–59, 186, 201–2, 237n31, 241n95; conversion (convert), 55, 80, 84, 111, 158 Renaissance, 4, 10–11, 17, 45, 56, 75, 89, 91–94, 99, 100–101, 104, 106–7, 109–10, 119, 122–23, 133–34, 139– 41, 143–44, 147, 153–54, 157–58, 174, 193–95, 207–8, 220n12, 223n36, 228n1, 231n4, 233n25, 235n9, 238n72, 249n5, 249n11 representation (represent), 4–6, 9–12, 17–43, 45–47, 49–52, 59, 63–65, 68–70, 74, 76, 78–81, 83–84, 86–106, 108–10, 115, 117–19, 121–24, 128–31, 133, 136, 138–41, 143–44, 149–50, 152, 154–57, 159–60, 163– 67, 171–74, 176–77, 179–82, 184–86, 189–91, 193–95, 197, 199–201, 203, 205–10, 214n34, 215n3, 217n19, 225n9, 229n5, 230n1, 240n95, 245n1, 248–49n1, 249n11, 250n3 (see also mimesis); misrepresentation, 19, 21, 43, 106, 206 republic, 6, 9, 27, 29–30, 92–93, 99, 208; Elizabethan republicanism, 30; Republic (Plato), 212n21; republicanism, 215n9, 217n20, 217–18n7; republic of letters, 2, 210 263 rhetoric, 5, 9, 11, 22, 26, 28, 30–33, 36, 38–39, 43, 47–48, 63–65, 78, 84, 89–992, 96, 98, 114, 118, 122, 125–29, 132–33, 135, 137, 141, 144, 147, 155, 159, 167, 174, 194, 200, 205–6, 208, 210, 212n21, 214n1, 215–16n14, 216nn16–17, 218n9, 219n14, 219n17, 219n19, 220n12, 225n7, 229n5, 240n5, 243n1, 245n1, 248n1; narrative, 43; of patriotism and national history, 93; of promotion, 118; rhetorician, 212n21; rhetoric of curse, 129; of seduction, 5, 89, 208, 210 rhetorical schemes and tropes: allegory, 27, 35, 40–41, 55, 93, 95, 130, 153, 155, 179, 189, 206, 217n19; apostrophe, 20, 23–26, 33–36, 50, 58, 76, 149, 189, 223n35; attributio (personification), 31, 33–34; conformatio (prospopoeia or personification), 32–33; dementiens (hyperbole), 39–40; effictio (description), 32; hyperbole, 2, 20, 39–40, 47, 52–53, 55–58, 61–64, 146; metalepsis (transumptio), 39; metaphor, 3, 23, 33, 37–39, 41, 51, 54, 56, 61, 65, 70, 83, 127, 151, 168, 215n10, 222n30; negatio (apophasis), 36; obloquy (verbal abuse), 32; occupatio (adnynaton, inexpressibility), 32, 136; onomatopoeia, 37, 177; oxymoron, 1, 27, 39, 42, 50–51, 53, 61–62, 156, 194–95, 218n9; parabola (imago), 40; paradox, 4–5, 8, 25, 27, 34, 36, 40, 43, 47–48, 51, 53, 61–63, 67, 82, 102, 105, 132, 139, 148–49, 158, 185, 191, 202, 209–10, 220n12; personification, 2, 19–22, 25–27, 32–34, 47, 53, 55, 59–60, 66, 68, 76, 126, 130, 140, 144, 149, 151, 170, 180, 206; polyptoton, 39; praecisio, 38; praeexpositio, 33; purgation, 32; similitudo (omoeosis, similitude), 31; synecdoche, 118, 177, 218n9; testatio, 32; traductio, 39; undertstatement, 40 rhyme, 9, 36, 47, 49, 56–57, 59, 106, 108, 132–33, 207, 220n6 Ricoeur, Paul, 228n1 romance, 10–11, 46, 76, 78, 89, 93, 96, 101–2, 105, 118, 153, 163, 171, 191, 195, 202, 208–9, 250n16 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index Index Romanticism (Romantic), 4, 205, 211n18 Rome, 2–3, 9–12, 17, 29–30, 38, 42, 45, 50–51, 69, 77, 80, 90–91, 93–95, 99–119, 138, 141, 199, 206–8, 225n9, 230n1, 231n4, 232n5, 233n20, 233n25; imperial Rome, 10, 101, 208, 230n1, 232n5; Roman, 9–10, 27, 29–30, 35, 77, 83–84, 91–93, 99–102, 105–8, 110–11, 113–15, 117–19, 122, 194, 208–10, 232n5, 232n10, 233n22, 245n1; Roman republic, 29, 99, 208 Ronsard, Pierre, 18, 215n4, 221n19, 223n37 Rossiter, A P., 132, 231n3, 237n29, 246nn11–12, 246n14 Said, Edward, 79–81, 85 satire, 51, 136–37, 148, 171, 174–75, 190, 209, 247n18 Schiller, Johann, Schlegel, A W., 4, 89–90 Schlegel, Friedrich, 4, 89 Scotland, 93, 95, 146; Scottish, 5, 93–95, 100, 165 Sedgwick, Eve, 128, 236n20 seduction, 5, 9, 18, 22–24, 27, 30–31, 38, 43, 74, 89, 126, 134, 188, 206, 208, 210, 214n1 Seeley, John, Selden, John, 194 self-consciousness, 9, 19, 27, 31, 34, 37–40, 42, 47, 76, 143, 177–78, 180, 188, 206; self-reflexive, 12, 21, 23, 69, 191, 219n14 Seneca, Sepúlveda, Juan Gines de, 73, 82, 84–85, 97, 214n32 sex, 22, 37–38, 67, 121, 123, 142, 145, 147, 149, 162, 175–76, 181, 184, 221n19, 224n95; sexual, 22–23, 27, 36, 48, 56, 61, 67, 78, 121, 123, 126, 128–29, 140, 145–47, 149–50, 156, 160, 168, 170, 175, 236n27; sexuality, 145, 157 Shakespeare, William family —Anne, Edmund, Gilbert, Hamnet, John, and Margareta Shakespeare, 8; Anne Hathaway, 7; George, William, and Thomas Hart, 8; Judith, Joan, and Susanna Shakespeare, 7; Mary Arden, plays —All’s Well That Ends Well, 94, 103, 174–78, 180–82, 233n22, 235n5; Antony and Cleopatra, 9, 10, 27, 30, 51, 90, 92, 99, 101, 103, 122, 175, 208, 225n9, 235nn6–7, 246n10, 246n14; Comedy of Errors, 92; Coriolanus, 91, 230n15; Cymbeline, 10, 94, 95, 99, 101–3, 107, 110–11, 208, 231n1; Hamlet, 51, 54, 94–95, 138, 175, 230nn12–13, 233n22, 237n39; Henry IV, 136, 157–58, 161, 174, 184, 246n8, 246n14; Henry IV, 9, 11, 93, 121–22, 135, 143, 176, 179, 205, 222n29; Henry IV, 9, 11, 93, 113, 121–22, 143, 152–53, 161, 174, 176, 179, 205; Henry V, 9, 11–12, 27, 49–50, 70, 74, 90, 96, 113, 121, 124, 145, 153–56, 160–61, 171, 173–80, 182–86, 190–91, 193–95, 203, 205, 207–10, 221n17, 222n29, 231n3, 233n23, 234n1, 236n19, 243n116, 243n122, 243n1, 244, 245n1, 245n8, 246n8, 246n14, 247nn18–23, 250n15; Henry VI, 49, 96, 122, 194, 209; I Henry VI, 91, 96, 108, 122, 183, 209–10, 241n98; Henry VI, 77, 108, 122, 183, 210, 241; Henry VI, 108; Henry VIII, 6, 9, 11–12, 46, 51, 98, 108, 115, 156, 171, 191, 193–96, 198, 201–3, 205, 209–10, 221n17, 227n1, 248, 249n1, 249n4, 249n6, 249nn8–9, 250nn12–14, 250n16, 251n18; Julius Caesar, 9, 10, 27, 30, 90, 92, 99, 101, 103, 138, 208, 246n10; King John, 109–10, 112– 13, 115, 118, 122, 194, 219n16, 237n31; King Lear, 95; Macbeth, 95; Measure for Measure, 91, 94, 175–76, 178, 181, 233n22, 235n5, 246n10; The Merchant of Venice, 78, 94, 233n22; The Merry Wives of Windsor, 122, 136, 233n19, 240n95; A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 51, 92, 157, 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 264 236n23, 240n94; Much Ado About Nothing, 94, 139, 233n22; Othello, 10, 75–76, 78, 87, 94, 101, 207–8, 225n7, 225n10; Pericles Prince of Tyre, 78, 92, 230n10; Richard II, 4, 9–11, 27, 45, 58–59, 90, 93, 121, 124, 135, 153–54, 163, 174–76, 178–80, 182–84, 190, 194, 205, 208, 210, 231n3, 236n19, 244; Richard III, 91, 96, 100, 122, 134, 147, 194, 209, 229n6; Romeo and Juliet, 50, 69, 94, 138; Taming of the Shrew, 94, 147, 233n22, 233n27, 235n5; The Tempest, 9–10, 75, 82–83, 87, 94, 96–97, 100–102, 106–7, 115, 120, 207–8, 225n7, 226n11, 230n17, 232n7, 232n13; Timon of Athens, 40, 175; Titus Andronicus, 10, 77, 87, 92, 101, 207–8, 225n7, 225n9; Troilus and Cressida, 3, 9, 77, 90–92, 175–76, 180–81, 246n14; Twelfth Night, 78; The Two Gentlemen of Verona, 94, 233n22; The Two Noble Kinsmen, 92; The Winter’s Tale, 78, 94, 219n17, 225n10, 248n1 poems —A Lover’s Complaint, 221n15, 222n30, 223n39, 251n4; The Rape of Lucrece, 6, 10, 18, 27, 29–38, 36, 43, 52, 60, 64, 90–92, 99, 101, 109, 113, 205, 206, 208, 215n9, 217n7, 218nn8–9, 218n11, 219nn14–15, 219n17, 233n20, 238n55; Venus and Adonis, 9, 17–19, 22, 27, 29, 36–37, 40, 43, 53, 60, 64, 92, 206, 214n1, 215n3, 215n5, 215n9, 215nn13–14, 216– 17nn15–18, 217n20, 218n9, 218n11 See also sonnet selected characters —Achilles, 41, 81, 90, 92, 181; Adonis, 17–27, 37, 54, 206, 210, 216n16, 217n19, 250n3; Alonso, 76, 106–7; Antonio, 106–7; Antony, Mark, 114, 122, 176; Ariel, 96–97, 232n14; Bardolph, 113, 142, 144–46, 148–50, 161–62, 165–66, 177–78, 183–84, 222n29; Bates, 94, 114, 175–76, 178, 181, 186–90; Brutus, 6, 9, 29, 30, 31, 34–35, 38, 42, 91, 102, 113, 138; Buckingham, Duke of, 196–202; Bushy, 126–28, 182–83, 186; Caesar, Augustus, 92, 103–4, 107; Caesar, Julius, 6, 93, 103, 113, 205; Caesar, Octavius, 30, 92, 103, 115; Caius Lucius, 103–5; Caliban, 75, 78, 81, 96–97, 102, 110, 225n8; Cleopatra, 74, 91, 93, 102, 115, 119, 122, 157, 225n9, 235nn6–7; Collatine, 31–32, 34–39, 41–42, 91; Cordelia, 77, 95; Coriolanus, 115, 231n1; Cranmer, Thomas, 6, 11, 30, 116–19, 156, 195, 200–202, 205, 209, 250n16; Creseyde, 3; Cressida, 92, 162; Criseyde, 33; Cromwell, Thomas, 200–201; Cymbeline, 77, 103–6, 250n16; Dauphin (Dolphin), 114, 161–64, 166–88, 185; Falstaff (Sir John), 93–94, 113, 122, 124, 136, 140–53, 162–63, 167, 170, 174, 176, 178, 180–81, 183, 187, 190, 222n29, 235n8, 237n31; Fluellen, 114, 165–67, 170, 175, 177, 178, 181, 183–85, 189, 190, 247n17; Gaunt, John of, 8, 11, 45, 112, 124–29, 132, 183, 189; Glendower, Owen, 42, 129, 137, 140–42, 174; Gloucester, Duke of, 91, 108–9, 125; Gower, 92, 114, 165–66, 170, 178, 181, 185; Hal (see Henry V under Shakespeare characters); Hamlet, 3, 38, 41, 48, 54, 95, 98, 137–38, 141, 198, 230n9, 250n11; Hecuba, 41–42, 146; Henry IV (Bolingbroke, Bullingbrook), 93, 112–13, 124–29, 131–37, 142, 151, 178, 189, 234n1, 163, 182–83, 186, 189; Henry V (Hal), 6, 11, 49–50, 70, 77, 90, 94, 96, 113–14, 119, 122, 124, 136, 140–49, 149, 151, 153–54, 159–61, 163–67, 169–71, 174–90, 205, 244, 246n13, 247n19; Henry VI, 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 265 Index Index selected characters (continued ) —49, 96, 171, 176, 182; Henry VII, 82, 90, 93, 96, 100, 117; Henry VIII, 86, 100, 108–10, 115, 118, 143, 193–94, 197, 202, 250n16; Hippolyta, 92–93; Horatio, 98, 137; Hotspur (see Percy, Henry, under Shakespeare characters); Iago, 76–77, 225n7; Imogen, 104–5, 109, 119, 235n5; Joan of Arc (Pucelle), 96, 108, 122, 209, 241n98; Juliet, 2, 50, 51; King John, 77, 93, 109–12; King Lear, 77, 91; Lady Gloucester, 124–25, 11, 127–28, 132, 147; Lady Macbeth, 91, 132, 235n5; Lady Mortimer, 122, 141–42; Lancaster, John, 113, 150, 180, 182; Lucrece, 6, 9, 30–43, 93, 104, 109, 119, 205–6, 210, 215n9, 218n9, 219n17, 229n8; Lucretia, 29, 30, 217n1, 219n14; Macbeth, 95, 132; Macmorris, 114, 165; Miranda, 96, 232n14; Mortimer, 137–38, 140–42; Mowbray, Thomas, 93, 112–13, 119, 124–26, 132, 163, 182; Northumberland, Earl of, 126, 129, 132, 137, 143, 146; Oldcastle (Sir John), 163; Othello, 26, 76–77, 94, 102, 225n7, 225n10, 237n31; Percy, Henry (Harry), 93, 122, 124, 136–43, 146–48, 170, 174; Pericles, 90, 233n27, 250n16; Pistol, 114, 147–48, 151–52, 161–63, 165–66, 169–70, 176–79, 181, 184, 203, 247n17; Polonius, 54, 91, 94; Prospero, 75–76, 81–82, 96–97, 106–7, 119, 178, 225n8, 250n16; Queen Isabel, 124, 130–33; Richard II, 4, 6, 58–60, 65, 77, 90, 96, 112–13, 124–33, 135–37, 142, 147, 153, 176, 179–80, 182–83, 186–87, 189–90, 197, 205; Richard III, 90, 96, 176; Romeo, 3, 50–51, 141, 207, 233n22; Sinon, 42, 104, 109; Tarquin, 9, 27, 29, 30–38, 41–43, 91, 93, 113, 206, 210, 218n8; Troilus, 3, 33, 92; Venus, 17–27, 36–37, 54, 70, 142, 206, 210, 216n16, 217nn18–19, 232n14, 250n3; Williams, 94, 114, 269, 175–81, 184, 186–90, 244, 246n13, 247n21; Wolsey, Thomas (Cardinal), 21, 115, 116–18, 195–202, 209; Wyatt, Thomas, 46, 220; York, Duke of, 108, 112, 126–30, 133–35, 169, 231n3 Shakespearean exceptionalism, 45 shame, 25, 29, 32, 33–34, 36, 39, 54, 126, 136, 183, 185 Shaw, George Bernard, 3, 98, 157, 173, 230n20, 251n10 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 46, 70 Sidney, Sir Philip, 6, 45–46, 66, 134, 193, 209, 212n24, 223n36 silence, 24, 29, 34–36, 38, 40–42, 58, 63–65, 84, 87, 116, 121–22, 126–27, 136, 142, 149, 151, 166, 209, 242n101 Simpson, Lucie, 122, 235n7 Smidt, Kristian, 129, 236n21 society, 38, 79, 122, 140, 157, 164, 250n16; social, 4, 19, 41, 54, 64, 97, 119, 121–24, 128, 139–40, 149, 158, 173–74, 235n4, 237n31 Socrates, 6, 212n21 Solger, Karl, 4, 89 Somers, William, 107 sonnet, 5, 9–10, 12–13, 18, 22, 36, 43, 45–70, 73, 89, 91, 101, 128, 132, 138, 141, 160, 167–68, 185, 205–8, 210, 215n4, 220n6, 220nn11–12, 220–21n15, 222n19, 222n26, 222n30, 222nn33–34, 223nn36–38; volta (turn), 55, 58, 62–63, 66–67 Sophocles, Southampton, Earl of (Henry Wriothesley), 13, 18–19, 27, 29, 162, 215n8 Sowernam, Ester, 159, 242n105 Spain, 9, 18, 81–82, 84, 97, 101, 106–7, 115–16, 191, 222n33; example of Spain, 97, 222n33; Spanish Armada, 11, 102, 153 Spenser, Edmund, 18, 45–47, 57, 131, 151, 155, 158, 160, 174, 217n19, 239n80, 240–41n95, 250n3 Stallybrass, Peter, 130, 236n22, 241n95 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 266 Stephanus, Charles, 107 Stone, Lawrence, 138, 164, 170, 235n9, 237n44, 243n119 story, 6, 9, 12, 17, 20–22, 27, 29–36, 38–39, 42–43, 49–50, 68, 74, 77, 82, 84–85, 87, 90–91, 94–98, 100–102, 105–8, 112, 114, 121–22, 154, 164, 166, 177, 186, 194–96, 206, 208, 228n1, 234n2, 243n17; story-telling, 218n9; tale, 4, 5, 9, 12, 17, 20–21, 24, 29, 31–35, 38–42, 49, 68–69, 75, 78, 81, 92, 94–95, 109, 121, 123, 130, 132, 143, 180, 198, 206, 217n22, 219n17 Stow, John, 194 Stratford, 3, 7–8 strife, 23, 25, 26, 40, 65, 109, 184, 187, 202 Strong, Roy, 102, 239n76, 242n110 structure, 5, 9, 11–12, 27, 48, 58, 164, 179–84, 191, 195, 198, 202, 220n13, 221n19, 246n10, 244n1, 250n13; structural, 179, 183 Stuart (dynasty), 8, 11, 100, 217n20, 248n1, 250n16 style, 39, 61, 64, 90–91, 157, 213–14n31, 221n18, 248n1; stylization, 20 Surrey, Earl of (Henry Howard), 46, 220n6 Swift, Jonathan, 86 symbol, 27, 158–60, 206; symbolic, 11, 27, 31, 123, 130, 158, 160, 166, 184, 233n25; symbolism, 121, 158 See also emblem Tacitus, 90 teleology (teleological), 9, 60, 83, 99, 187 Terence, 2, 10, 101, 208 terra nullius, 81–82, 97 Teskey, Gordon, 217n19, 250n3 textual, 5, 27, 46, 57, 74, 87, 119, 128, 153, 170, 207; intertextuality, 12, 45; vulnerable text, 12 theatre, 3, 7–9, 11–13, 18, 56, 69, 77, 96, 102, 122, 134, 144, 174, 176–77, 179, 182, 185, 191, 194, 213n25, 245n3; Globe Theatre, 8, 247–49n1, 250n11; metatheatre, 56, 248n1; metatheatricality, 11; political theatre, 102; power and vulnerability of the theatre, 12, 194; self-conscious theatricality, 177–79; theatre of posterity, 13; theatricality, 176, 247n20, 248n1 267 theme, 5, 9–10, 18, 27, 29–30, 43, 45–47, 49, 52–57, 59, 61, 63–64, 78–80, 89, 92, 99–101, 103, 106, 136, 150, 156, 165, 191, 206, 208, 210, 215n3, 217n7, 224n7 Theopompus of Chios, 80 Thevet, André, 81–83 Thirlwall, Connop, Throgmorton (Throckmorton), Elizabeth, 156 Thucydides, 80, 90, 193 Tieck, Ludwig, 4, 89 Tilbury, 11, 131, 159, 165 Tillyard, E M W., 90, 100, 132, 157, 173, 188, 191, 229n7, 231n3, 245n3, 246n10, 246nn12–13, 247n15 time, 1–13, 18, 21–23, 25–26, 29, 34, 36–37, 41, 43, 45–70, 73–77, 79–81, 84–87, 89, 92–95, 97–100, 102, 104, 106–7, 109, 111–14, 116, 119–22, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131–32, 135, 137–42, 145, 148–49, 151–60, 162, 171, 173–75, 177, 179–80, 182–90, 193–94, 196–97, 200–203, 205–10, 213–14n31, 215n13, 217n22, 222n34, 223n1, 224n3, 228n1, 234–35nn1–2, 238n68, 241n95, 247n21, 250n11; ruins of time, 9–10, 12, 41, 46–47, 55, 59, 66, 89, 206; temporal, 68, 99, 110, 183–84, 247n16; temporality, 9, 43, 70, 89, 207–8; timelessness, 6, 10, 18, 36, 47, 98, 206, 210 Tinagli, Paolo, 18 Titian, 17–18, 215n3 topos (topoi), 50, 129; topos of inexpressibility, 21, 36, 49, 63 Tottel, Richard, 46 tragedy (tragic), 4, 6, 10–12, 17, 38, 43, 48, 50–51, 53, 67, 69, 76–78, 89, 91, 94–95, 100–103, 138, 171, 174–77, 190–91, 194–96, 201–3, 207–9, 218n10, 219n15, 233n22 tragicomedy, 10–11, 78, 100, 102, 171, 191, 195, 202, 208, 209 translation, 3, 17, 32, 46–47, 64, 80, 107, 119, 123, 215n10, 219n2, 224n6, 226n17, 227n32, 228n1; translation of study, 101, 119 See also translation of culture under culture; translation of empire under empire 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index 268 travel, 10, 85, 225n8, 225n11; travel narrative, 113, 157 treason, 25, 37, 46, 87, 133, 197; traitor, 106, 180–81 Troy, 9, 39–43, 104, 108–9, 146, 148–49, 206, 219n17, 241n95 truth, 4–6, 12, 28, 37, 40, 45, 55, 57, 59, 63–70, 83, 86, 90, 139, 142–43, 186, 189, 193, 195–202, 213n3, 218n10, 248n1, 250n12 Tudor (dynasty), 8, 11, 90 See also Tudor myth under myth Tudor, Mary, 18 typology (typological), 9–10, 30, 68, 83, 89, 91, 93, 99–102, 106, 107, 110, 112–15, 119, 121, 159, 205, 208, 234n4; double vision, 10, 104 tyrant, 26, 30; tyranny, 25, 29, 30, 80, 97 Ure, Peter, 128–29, 236n19 Vendler, Helen, 222n26 Venice, 78, 94, 106, 113 ventriloquy, 86, 136, 139, 140, 153 Verrazzano, Giovanni da, 100–102 Vespucci, Amerigo, 100–102; Lorenzo and Giovanni de’ Medici, 100 Vickers, Nancy, 165, 236n15, 238n55, 243n120 violence, 9, 24, 31, 38, 41, 43, 50, 77, 92, 108, 135, 138, 145, 150, 152, 156, 161–63, 165, 206, 225n7; violent, 11, 21, 54, 125, 138, 152, 165, 175–76, 181, 184, 188 Virgil, 4, 9, 40, 42, 46, 85, 90, 92, 100–102, 106–7, 143–33, 158–59, 206, 232n14, 241n95 Virgil (Vergil), Polydore, 102 virgin, 69, 130, 156, 158–59, 165; chaste, 25, 30, 32, 36, 200, 235n6; chastity, 27, 29–30, 33, 123, 158, 160–61, 238n53, 240n95; virginity, 18, 30, 158; Virgin Mary, 158, 241n101; Virgin Queen, 27, 93, 156, 158, 202 Virginia, 96, 107, 115, 118, 158, 233n24; Virginia company, 96 See also New World Vitoria, Francisco de, 73 Voltaire, 10, 213–14n31 Wales, 93, 129, 141; Welsh, 5, 100, 114, 136, 141, 165, 178–79 Walters, J H., 167 war, 10, 41, 49, 56–58, 65, 70, 74, 80, 82, 92, 94, 96, 100, 102, 104, 106, 110, 112–13, 126–27, 129, 135, 137, 140, 143–47, 149–50, 152–53; war against time, 58, 65 Wells, Robin Headlam, 158 Wentworth, William (Earl of Stafford), 138 Whigham, Frank, 159, 240n92, 242n107 White, John, 107 Whittier, Gayle, 122, 235n8, 237n36 Wilde, Oscar, 23, 210 Wilson, E C., 158, 213n29, 242n110 Wilson, John Dover, 238n62 Wilson, R Rawdon, 219n17 Wimsatt, W K., 173 Winthrop, John, 82, 97 Wong, Jane, 213n27 Woodbridge, Linda, 122, 133, 136, 139, 146, 157, 235n6, 242n106 Woolf, Virginia, world, 1, 3–12, 17–20, 22, 23–28, 34–35, 37, 39, 43–50, 53–59, 61–62, 65, 67, 69–70, 73–76, 78–84, 86–87, 89, 91–94, 96–103, 106–8, 112, 114–15, 117, 119, 120, 123–26, 130, 132, 135–38, 143–45, 148–49, 152, 155, 157–58, 161, 166, 174, 177, 179–80, 184–87, 189–90, 193, 197, 198, 200, 201, 203, 205–8, 214n34, 239n80; actual world, 5–6, 9, 46, 70, 135; fallen world, 246n14; fictional world, 70, 205, 219n17; New World, 73–76, 78, 81–84, 86–87, 89, 94, 96–97, 101–2, 115, 158, 222n33, 224n3, 225n9, 232n12; possible world, 5–6, 9, 47, 70, 83, 99, 100, 208; worlds of the play, 246n14 writing, 1, 5, 9, 13, 18, 32, 38–39, 43, 56, 58, 60–65, 68–69, 73–74, 81, 84, 101, 108, 128, 139–40, 159–60, 176, 193, 203, 207–8, 210, 218n9, 221n15 See also writer under author Wroth, Mary, 223n35 Wyatt, Thomas, 46, 220nn5–6 Yates, Frances, 159, 160, 242n110 Yeats, W B., 99 York, House of, 90, 100 10.1057/9780230103986 - Shakespeare, Jonathan Hart Copyright material from www.palgraveconnect.com - licensed to Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromso - PalgraveConnect - 2011-03-14 Index ... private and public, mortal and divine, lover and beloved, barbarism and civilization, England and Italy (Rome), men and women, the English and French, Catholics and Protestants, the English and the... history is Shakespeare s representation of England and Italy: how, for example, the translation of culture and empire from Italy to England is enacted in his works Italy and Rome, the Italian and the... the Bible and was surrounded by religious debates between Protestants and Catholics in England and Europe while also calling upon popular culture and the folk tales, art and wisdom Shakespeare