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A omas More Source Book A omas More Source Book Edited by Gerard B.Wegemer and Stephen W Smith The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C Copyright © by Gerard B.Wegemer and Stephen W Smith All rights reserved The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standards for Information Science—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library materials, .- ∞ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Thomas More source book / edited by Gerard B.Wegemer and Stephen W Smith mmmp.mcm Includes bibliographical references and index --- (pbk : alk paper) More,Thomas, Sir, Saint, –.m Great Britain—History—Henry VIII, –—Biography.m Henry VIII, King of England, –—Relations with humanists.m Great Britain—Politics and government—–.m Christian martyrs—England—Biography.m Statesmen—Great Britain—Biography.m Humanists—England—Biography.mI More,Thomas, Sir, Saint, – Selections.mII.Wegemer, Gerard, – mIII Smith, Stephen W., – .mm .''—dc Contents List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii Earliest Accounts of Thomas More’s Life Erasmus on Thomas More, Roper’s Life of Sir Thomas More, Knight, c Munday & Shakespeare’s Sir Thomas More, c Writings on Love and Friendship Contrasting Poems:“On His First Love”;“Twelve Properties of a Lover”; More’s Psalm on Detachment Contrasting Letters:To John Colet;To His Children;To His Wife;To Antonio Bonvisi Plutarch’s “How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend”; More’s “On a False Friend” Writings on Education Letter to William Gonell, the Teacher of More’s Children Letters to His Children Letter to Oxford University Conscience and Integrity On Pride Erasmus on More’s Approach to Education vi Contents Writings on Government On Dealing with Lions Poems on the Human Condition and the Art of Governing Other Poems on Politics “Petition for Freedom of Speech” () More Defends the Liberty of the House: Roper’s Account On Private Property, Riches, and Poverty On Law and Liberty Writings on Religion More’s Conception of God Private Judgment and God’s Word The Two Swords; Heresy and Just War Defense of the Clergy On the Condition of Church and State in England More’s Last Days Letter to Erasmus after Resigning as Lord Chancellor, June More’s Account of His First Interrogation, April A Dialogue on Conscience, August “Tale of Mother Maud”: On Conscience Again, – More’s Interrogation of May More’s Final Interrogation, June Trial and Execution: Paris Newsletter’s Account Last Words Before Execution, July Appendices Chronologies of Thomas More’s Life and Writings Maps:The Life and Travels of Thomas More Roper’s Life: A Study Outline Works Cited Index List of Iustrations Sir Thomas More, painting by Hans Holbein the Younger, , cover ©The Frick Collection, New York Henry VIII in Parliament, , watercolor with gold leaf, Wriothesley Garter Book, The Royal Collection ©, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II frontispiece Sir Thomas More, sketch by Hans Holbein the Younger, –, The Royal Collection © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Thomas More, His Father, and His Household, sketch by Hans Holbein the Younger, –, Kunstmuseum Basel The Family of Sir Thomas More Attributed to Hans Holbein and to Rowland Lockey, c or , Winn Family, on loan to the National Trust Hangs at Nostell Priory Wakefield (The National Trust Photographic Library) William Roper, miniature by Hans Holbein, –, ©The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Desiderius Erasmus, painting by Quentin Matsys, , The Royal Collection © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Peter Giles, painting by Quentin Matsys, , ©Private Collection Photograph: Photographic Survey, Courtauld Institute of Art Sir Thomas More, sketch by Hans Holbein, –, The Royal Collection © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Annotated pages from Thomas More’s prayer book and psalter, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library,Yale University vii – viii List of Illustrations Margaret More at Study, woodcut in Erasmus’ A deuoute treatise vpon the Pater noster [/?] ©British Library Thomas More at the Opening of Parliament, , a copperplate from Richard Fiddes’ Life of Wolsey (London, ) Courtesy of Bridwell Library, Southern Methodist University, Dallas,Texas Henry VIII, painting after Hans Holbein the Younger, c , ©Board of Trustees of the National Museums Liverpool (The Walker) Sir Thomas More Defending the Liberty of the House of Commons, mural by Vivian Forbes, c , St Stephen’s Hall, British House of Parliament (Photograph by Jarrold Publishing, Norwich, England) The Contemplation of Justice, sketch by Colleen Westman of James E Fraser’s sculpture, Annotated pages from Thomas More’s prayer book and psalter, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library,Yale University Sir John More, chalk drawing by Hans Holbein the Younger, –, The Royal Collection © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II The Arrest and Supplication of Sir Thomas More, oil on panel by Antoine Caron (–), Musée de Blois, Blois, France/ Lauros-Giraudon-Bridgeman Art Library Maps by Matthew Smith, ©, from Thomas More:A Portrait of Courage, Scepter Publishers , , To our parents whose wit and wisdom fostered a love for merry tales of “sentence and solaas” Index heresy and, –; laity and, -;TM’s defense of, –; Parliament and, –; Convocation of, –, , , Clerk of the Council, in Sir Thomas More, Cobham, Lord, , Cohen,Walter, Colet, John, xvi, ;TM’s letter to, – Colt, Jane See More, Jane Colt, Master, Combie, David, common law, xxvi, xxvii common good, , , –, Commons, House of See Parliament Company (character in A Dialogue on Conscience), – confession See penance, sacrament of The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer (More), xxx, conscience: acting according to, , , , , , ; attending, ; as binding, ; calm of, ; changes of, , ; clarity of, –; clearness of, ; conforming, ; dilemmas of, ; and duty, ; education and, xxiii, –, , ; fables on, –, –, –; freedom and, xxiii; freedom of speech and, ; friendship and, ; General Council of Christendom and, ; honesty and, ; integrity and, xxiii, ; joy and, ; law and, –, –, ; malleability of, ;TM’s, xxxi–xxxii, , , ;TM’s diligent formation of, , ;TM’s imprisonment and, , –; natural affection and, ; peace of, ; permissive, ; politics and, –; right, xxiii; scrupulosity of, xiv, , , , , –; silence and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , –, ; surety in, , ; surety of, ;“Tale of Mother Maud” and, –; truth and, , –; wealth and, , “The Consent of the People Both Bestows and Withdraws Sovereignty” (CW.), xxii, xxviii, n, Consolation of Philosophy See Boethius The Contemplation of Justice (Fraser,Westman), (ill) Convocation See clergy Corinthians, St Paul’s Letter to, , , , Coronation Oath, xxx, The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More, xxn, n, n Council, General of Christendom, , , , , , –, ; good vs wicked, counsel: and advice to the scrupulous, –; and advice to students of Scripture, ; and advice to the wealthy, ; and advice to young writers, ; education and good counsel, xxiii, ; gratitude for, ; import of spiritual, , –, ;TM’s approach to, –, , –, , –, , –, , , –, country life, courage See virtue Court of Chancery, xxvi Court of Sessions, covenant: heresy and, Cranmer,Thomas (Archbishop of Canterbury, –), , , ;TM’s interrogation and, , , Cranevelt, Frans von, xivn Cresacre, Anne (ward of TM), (ill), n Cressida, Croesus, Crofts, in Sir Thomas More, , Cromwell, Richard, Cromwell,Thomas (Master Secretary), Henry VIII and, , ;TM’s advice to, xvii, , ;TM’s gratitude to, –;TM’s imprisonment and, xxx, n, ;TM’s indictment and, , ;TM’s interrogations and, , , , ;TM’s letter to, Crooke, Master, Cyprian, St., , Dauncey, Elizabeth More (daughter of TM), (ill); character of, ; education of, –; marriage of, n;TM’s letter to, ; in Sir Thomas More, Dauncey,William, n Davus, The Debellation of Salem and Bizance (More), xxx, De Civitate Dei (City of God) See Augustine “Defender of the Faith,” “Defense of the Liberty of the House” (More), –, – Defense of the Seven Sacraments See Henry VIII Dekker,Thomas, Democritus, De Officiis See Cicero Derret, J Duncan M., n Desiderius Erasmus (Matsys), (ill) De Tristitia Christi (CW), , detachment, poem on, – Index devil: as an ape, ; education and, ; justice and, ; pride and, , – A Devout Treatise Upon the Pater Noster See Erasmus A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (CW), xivn, xxii, xxviiin, xxixn–, n, , , – A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, (CW), xivnn–, n, –, –, –, – A Dialogue On Conscience, xivn, –, “The Difference Between a Tyrant and a King” (CW.), Diogenes, diplomacy, –, candor and, – divine right of kings, xviii, xxvii divorce between Henry VIII and Queen Katherine, –, , , – Doctors’ Commons, xxiv, xxivn Donatists, Donatus, Donne, John, –, Dorp, Martin, , Downes, in Sir Thomas More, , Dulcarnon, duty: of friendship, ; to kings, ; of parents, ; in Sir Thomas More, , Early English Text Society, Early Modern Period, xvi education: conscience and, xxiii, –, ; God and, ; Greek studies and, –; humanism and, , ; leadership and, xxii; liberal, , , , –; of TM’s children, –, –; parent’s obligation to children and, ; philosophers and, ; philosophy and, ; pride and, –; reform of, xxii–xxiii; theology and, –; virtue and, –, –, , –; wisdom and, ; women and, xxii, –, –; writing and, – Egyptians, , Elizabeth, Queen, xxxi, Elton, G R., xvin Elyot,Thomas, embassies,TM’s: xxiv, , , , , emotion: governing, , , – England: ; church and state in, –; Church in, , ; common law in, xxvi, xxvii; commonwealth of, ; heresy in, ; laity and clergy in, –; political life in, xv, xvii–xviii, xxii, , , –; Renaissance in, xiii, xvi English Works (), , n, n, n Epitaph, n, – Erasmus, Desiderius (–), xxxii, , n; Christian humanism and, xviii; heresy and, xxix; Luther and, xxix; Margaret Roper’s translation of, (ill); on More, –;TM’s career and, xxi;TM’s character and, xv, xxxi, ;TM’s friendship with, –;TM’s importance and, xiii;TM’s letter to, –; More and education and, xxii–xxiii, –; More and friendship and, xviii; peace and, xviii, n; Plutarch and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , , –, ; Adages, n; A Devout Treatise Upon the Pater Noster, (ill); In Praise of Folly (Moriae Encomium), , , (ill); Paraphrase of the Epistle of St Paul to the Romans, (ill) ethos See rhetoric Eucharist, sacrament of:TM’s practice, ; devotion to, – Euripides, Eurydice, Eusebius, St., Evans, G Blakemere, Eve, ; Margaret as, , Exodus, , “Fable of the Sick Fox and Lion” (CW.), fables See animal fables faith: of Church, , –; reason and, –; Scripture and, Falkner, Jack, in Sir Thomas More, , –, – The Family of Sir Thomas More (Holbein and Lockey), (ill) fasting, , , Faunus, Faustus, fear, in Sir Thomas More –, ; in Dialogue of Comfort, – Field of Cloth of Gold, , Fish, Simon, xxviii Fisher, John (Bishop of Rochester, –; made a cardinal in ), –, , , , ; execution of, ; imprisonment of, –; in Sir Thomas More, , , n, , –, Fitz-James, Sir John, Flanders, flattery: approach of, –; danger of, xvii, , , ; fortune and, , ; friendship and, –; Henry VIII and, ; love and, Index ; monarchy and, xvii; self-love and, –, ; subtlety of, ; tactics and techniques of, ; truth and, folly, xxi, –;TM’s employment of, –; pride and, – Forbes,Vivian, (ill), Forker, Charles, – Fortune, , , – Fox, Alistair, xvin, xxiin, n, Fox, Richard (Bishop of Winchester, –), – Foxe, John, France, xvi, xviii, xxv, Fraser, James E., (ill) freedom: conscience and, xxiii; of House of Commons, xxvi, –; human nature and, xxviii; just society and, ; law and, –; poverty and, ; in Sir Thomas More, freedom of speech, –; conscience and, ; importance of, xxxii;TM’s arguments for, xiv;TM’s petition for, –; necessity of, xxvi, xxxii, ; Parliament and, friendship: benefits of, ; with Bonvisi, –; candor and, –; conscience and, , ; constancy in, –; debts and, ; duty of, ; with enemies, , , ; Erasmus about TM’s, –, –; false, ; flattery and, –; with God, xviii, xix; God and, ; love and, , ;TM and, xviii–xix, –, –; necessity of, , ; with neighbor, xviii; pleasure and, , –; role of, xviii–xix; in Sir Thomas More, , ; success and, –; with the world, Fulvius, “A Funny Story About a Prince and a Peasant from Zeeland” (CW.), n Furnivall’s Inn, xxiii, Gabrieli,Vittorio, n, , n, n, n, n, n, n, n– General Council of Christendom See Council, General of Christendom Genesis, , Gentleman Porter of Tower, in Sir Thomas More, , Germany, xxviii, , , , , Giggs, Margaret See Clement, Margaret Giggs Giles, Peter, (ill);TM’s friendship with, – Giles, the porter, in Sir Thomas More, , – God: divine right of kings and, xviii; education and, ; friendship and, ; friendship with, xviii, xix; law of, ; love of, –; TM’s vision of, , n; special care of, ; success and, ; as Trinity, ; trust in, , Gonell,William,TM’s letter to, – Gospel See individual books Gough (the secretary in Sir Thomas More), , government: advice on, –, art of, ; authority of, xxx; best form of, , – Grace, Damien, n, Granger,Thomas (grandfather of TM), xix greatness, danger of, , greed, xvii, , , , ; prayer to resist, Greek studies (at Oxford University), – Greg,W.W., n, , n, n Gregory, St., , Gregory Nazianzen, St., Grocyn,William, xvi, n, , Guildhall, , , , Guy, John, xvn, xvin, xxn, xxvin, xxx Gyge, Margaret (daughter), Hall, Edward, xiv Hampton Court, , , Hangman, in Sir Thomas More, , – Hankins, James, xvin, xviin Harpsfield, Nicholas, xivn, xvin, , n, n; Life and Death of Sir Thomas More, Hasting, Margaret, xxviin heathens, heretics vs., , heaven, , ; desire for, , ; eternal merriment and, , , ; featherbeds and, ; liberal learning and, ; peace and, ; poverty and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , , , –, Hebrews, Hector, , , Helen, Helvidius, hen and the golden egg, Henry V, xvii–xviii, , Henry VII, xxi, , Henry VIII (after Holbein), (ill) Henry VIII (Shakespeare), Henry VIII, xxi, , , (ill), (ill); Act of Supremacy and, ; Bonvisi and, ; Caesar and, ; chivalric glory and, xvi, xvii–xviii, ; clergy and, ; coronation of, xvii; as Defender of the Faith, ; Defense of the Seven Sacraments, xxvii, ; Index Henry VIII, (cont.) divorce of, , –, ; flattery and, xxxii, ; France and, xvi; freedom of speech and, –; imperial ambitions of, xvi; marriage of, , –; marriage to Anne Boleyn of, , , ; model for, xvii–xviii;TM’s execution and, –;TM’s imprisonment and, xxx, ;TM’s indictment and, –, –, –;TM’s interrogation and, –;TM’s opposition to, xiv; papal authority and, –; personal despotism of, xxx; and Pilgrimage of Grace, ; power of, ; praise of TM by, xv; role in Sir Thomas More, , , –, , , ; TM’s service of, xix–xx, xxii, xxiv–xxv, , –, –, –, , , –, –; as Supreme Head of the Church in England, , , , , –;TM’s trial and, – Henry VIII in Parliament (Wriothesley), frontispiece(ill), (ill) heresy: Augustine and, ; dealing with, xv, xxviii–xxix, –, ; civil and ecclesiastical laws against, ; heathens vs., , ; peace and, –; Scripture and, ; seditious, xxviii–xxix, , ; sin and, ; tolerance of, –; violence and, –, Hergrüggen, H Schulte, xivn Heron, Cecily (daughter of TM), , (ill), (ill); education of, –; marriage of, n;TM’s letter to, Heron, Giles (ward and son-in-law of Thomas More), n, , Hesiod, Heywood, Elizabeth (mother of John Donne), n Heywood, John and Joan, , n Heywood, Richard, Heywood,Thomas, Hippolytus See Seneca history, liberal learning and, xxi, xxii, ;TM’s view of, The History of King Richard III (CW and ), xiv, xv, xviin, xxii, (ill) Hitchcock, E.V., Holbein, Hans: portrait of Henry VIII, (ill); portrait of TM and his family, (ill); portrait of William Roper; (ill); sketch of Sir John More, (ill); sketches of TM, (ill), (ill); sketch of TM’s household, (ill) Holinshed, Raphael, xivn, n, n; Chronicles, Hollock, Peter van, in Sir Thomas More, Holy Spirit, honesty See virtue Horace, xxi; in Sir Thomas More, House of Commons, ; freedom of, xxvi, –; More in, Howard,Thomas (Duke of Norfolk), –, , , , , , n, , “How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend” (Plutarch), xxxii, – Howard-Hill,T H., n, n humanism, xvi–xviii, Christian, xvii, xviii; education and, , ; Erasmus and, xviii; peace and, xvi–xvii; Plutarch and, ; in Sir Thomas More, n humility See virtue Hungary, Hutten, Ulrich Von, xviiin, Hythlodaeus, Raphael, Ill May Day riots, , imagination, xviii, , , , ; and fantasy, , , Inclination, in Sir Thomas More, , – Inns of Court, xx, n, In Praise of Folly See Erasmus integrity, conscience and, xxii–xxiii, xxxi, xxxii, , ; importance of, xv, , ; parents’ obligation to children and, ; in personal and political life, xv, , Jerome, St., , (ill); Greek studies and, ; heresy and, , –; study of Scripture and, ; theology and, , ; women and education and, jests, , , , , n, ; in Sir Thomas More, –, , n, – Jesus Christ, –, ; law and, ; love of, , , , , , n; Passion of, , , , , ; poverty and, –; Scripture and, –; self-defense and, –; suffering and, –, Job, John, King, xxviii, John Paul II, xxxi John the Baptist, St., John the Evangelist, St., John, First Epistle of, John, Gospel of, , n Jonson, Ben, xvin Joseph (in Genesis), judge(s), , , , , , ; conscience as, ; in “Tale of Company,” –;TM as, xvn, xxvi–xxvii, , , ;TM as no Index one’s—of conscience, ; TM on, –; TM’s father as, xix, , , n, , n, , ; and TM’s trial, xix, , , , jury, , –, –; in Sir Thomas More, – justice See virtue Katherine of Aragon, Queen of Henry VIII, –, , “A King is Protected Not by a Corps of Guards, But by His Own Virtues” (CW.), kings: authority of, xxii, ; church and, ; Coronation Oath of, xxx, ; divine right of, xviii, xxvii; duty to, ; as fathers, ; as lions, –; peasants and, ; power and, xvii, ; power of, ; pride and, xix; service of, –, –; tyrants vs., –; virtue and, Kingston,William, – Kinney, Daniel, xvin, n, n knowledge: remembrance and, ; self-, , – Kratzer, Nicholas, Kristeller, Paul, xvin laity, clergy and, , – Lambeth Palace, xx, n, , Lancaster, Duchy of, xxv, xxvii, –, , , , Langton, Stephen, – The Last Things (CW), Latin Epigrams (CW.), xxii, xxvii–xviii, xxxii, –, n, –, , –, , law: application of, –; of Christendom, ; of Church, ; church and, –; common, xxvi, xxvii; conscience and, –, –, ; courage and, ; debt of, ; freedom and, –; of God, ; guilt by, ; Jesus Christ and, ; justice and, , , –, (ill); majesty of, ; obedience to, , ; prudence and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , , , , , , ; sovereignty of, xxx; submission to, ; temperance and, Law Society of Great Britain, xxxi lawyer, , ;TM as a, xx–xxi, xxiii, xxivn, , , , ; of the millennium, xxxi Lazarus, learning: glory-seeking and, ; goal of, –; mistaken approaches to, ; secular, –; virtue and, –; women and, See also education Letter to Bonvisi (SL), xviii, – Letter to Bugenhagen (CW), xxixn, n, n Letter to Colet (SL), n, – Letter to Cromwell (SL), xvii, , Letter to Erasmus (SL), xv, , – Letter to Gonell (SL), n, –, Letter to His Wife (SL), – Letter to John Fisher (SL), xxivn, n Letter to a Monk (CW), n Letter to Oxford (CW, SL), – Letter to Wilson (SL), Letters to His Children (CW., SL), –, – Letters to Margaret (SL), , –, –, – Leviticus, Lewis, C S., “Lewis the Lost Lover” (CW), liberal education: benefits of, , , –; criticism of, , ; defense of, –, –; importance of, ; reason and, ; theology and, liberty See freedom Lieutenant of Tower, in Sir Thomas More, , , –, – Life and Death of Sir Thomas More See Harpsfield “The Life of Cromwell” (Foxe), The Life of John Picus (CW), n, The Life of Sir Thomas More, Knight See Roper Lifter, in Sir Thomas More, , – Linacre,Thomas, xvi, , Lincoln, Abraham, , n Lincoln, John, in Sir Thomas More, , –, –, –, –, Lincoln’s Inn, xx, xxiii, xxiv, , , , , , – lions, xvii, See also animal fables Livy, Lockey, Rowland, (ill) Logan, George M., xvin logos See rhetoric London, – See individual places love: cold, ; desire and, –; earthly, ; emotion and, , ; between father and children, –; flattery and, ; friendship and, , ; of God, –; happiness and, –; human and supernatural, , –; of Jesus Christ, , , ; of Index love: (cont.) neighbor, , ; ordering, ; properties of, –; remembrance and, ; self-, –; service and, –; suffering and, – Lucian, xxi, , , (ill) Lucifer See devil Luggins, , , ; in Sir Thomas More, Luke, Gospel of, –, Lusty Juventus (Foxe), Luther, Martin, xxix, , , , , Lutherans, , , Lysimachus, Machiavelli, Niccolo, xviin Maecenas, Magna Carta, xxvii, xxx, Malchus, malice, accusations of against TM, , , , , ; heresy and , , , , , , ; providence and, “a man for all seasons,” , , n A Man for All Seasons See Bolt Manichaeus, Marc’hadour, Germain, xvin, n, n Margaret More at Study, (ill) Mark, Gospel of, Marney, Master, marriage, , – “The Marriage of Wit and Wisdom” in Sir Thomas More, –; characters of, ; folly in, –; Inclination and, ; Inclination in, –; Prologue in, ; Science in, ; Vanity in, , , , ;Wisdom in, , , –, ;Wit in, , , –, – See also Sir Thomas More Martin, Adrian, in Sir Thomas More, martyrdom, Marius, Richard, xvin Mary, Mother of God, – Martz, Louis, xvin, xxixn, n Matsys, Quentin, , Matthew, Gospel of, n, , , , –, , Maud, Mother, –, , Mayor of London, in Sir Thomas More, , , , –, –, , , , –, , McConica, James K., xvn, xvin McCutcheon, Elizabeth, xvin, nn– McMillin, Scott, n Melchiori, G Harold, –, , , , , , – Mercers’ Guild, xxiii merry tales of TM, ff., –, , –, – See also animal fables Messenger, in Sir Thomas More, –, , Middleton, Alice (step–daughter of TM) See Alington, Alice Middleton, Lady Alice See More, Alice Middleton Miller, Clarence H., xi, xivn Mohammed, monarchy, xvii; best form of government and, Moral Essays (Moralia) See Plutarch More, Alice Middleton (second wife of TM), , (ill), , ;TM’s imprisonment and, –, , –, –;TM’s indictment and, –;TM’s letter to, –;TM’s marriage to, xxiv, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , –, – More, Cecily See Heron, Cecily, More More, Elizabeth See Dauncey, Elizabeth More More, Elizabeth (sister of TM) See Rastell, Elizabeth More More, Jane Colt (first wife of TM), xxiv, , , More, Sir John (father of TM), xx, xxi, , (ill), , (ill) More, John (son of TM), , (ill), , , , More, Margaret See Roper, Margaret More, Sir Thomas, (ill); adversity and, –, –, –; career of, xxiii–xxiv; character of, xiv–xv, xxxi, –, , –, , –, –; dialogues of, xiv, xxi; education of, xx–xxii, ; execution of, xv, xxv, xxx, xxxi, –, , –, , (ill), –; family and, , , –, , –, –, –, , –, , ; financial problems of, –, –, ; friendship and, xviii; health of, ; histories of, xiv; importance of, xxx–xxxi; imprisonment of, xviii, xxx, , –, , –, , –; indictment of, –, , –; interrogation of, , –, –; as judge, xxvi–xxvii, , , ; knighting of, xxv, ; legal career of, xx–xxi, xxiii, xxivn, , , ; letters of, xiv, –, –, –;“The Marriage of Wit and Wisdom” and, –; marriages of, –, , ; physical description of, –; poetry of, xiv, xvi, xxi, –, , –; political career of, xvi, xxiii–xxvii, , –, –, , , –; political philosophy of, xxii, xxvii–xxix, xxvii–xxix; (see Index prayer); reputation of, xiii, xv, xxvii, ; service of Henry VIII by, xv, xix–xx, xxii, xxiv–xxv, , –, –, –, , , –, –; in Sir Thomas More, , –, –, –, –, –, –, –, –, –, –, –, –;“Tower Works” of, ; trial of, xv, xxx, –, –; understanding, xiii–xv, ; wit, good mother, n, ; Witty sayings, stories, or images: ass, lion, and fox, (Aesop’s) fable of, ; Company and the jury, tale of, ; counseling a king,TM’s advice to Cromwell on, ; counselor as physician, –;“deflowering and devouring,” ; devil is like a monkey, ;“die [I] today and you tomorrow,” ;“do , say , think none harm, I,” ;“educated than uneducated, rather they died,” ; enemies as friends, , , ; featherbeds, no getting to heaven in, ;“field is won,” ; fools in the rain,Wolsey’s tale of, ; Fortune as eye-flattering, , ; glory as blast of one’s mouth, ; head [lost with] no harm, , ; head of TM for a French castle, ;“heaven, that we may meet merrily in,” , , ; human condition as blind or lame beggars, –; justice, even for the devil, ; king as lion, father, head of body, watchdog, , –, –; king, greedy, as fly or leech, ; king’s good servant, God’s first, , ; law as medicine, –; leader, bad, as cowardly ship’s captain, , ; leader, proud, as mouse ruling mice, ; learning as cultivating and harvesting, –, ; love God, as “fleshly lovers,” –, –; loves (affections), washing foul feet of, ;“Madame, my lord is gone,” ; Mother Maud, story of, ; peacock’s feather, to punish children, ; power unlimited, danger of, ; pride as an arrow, –; pride as plague, precipice, scabby itch, , , ; proud person as dainty damsel with crooked nose, ; proud person as low-class bum, ; proud person as thief unto God or rebellious traitor, ; reason ripened, as “good mother wit,” n, ; scaffold jokes, , –; sheep, still just a, ; ship in a storm, not abandoning the, ; ship’s captain, cowardly, as bad leader, , ; soul pinned to no man’s back, ; soul’s need of cultivation, ; terrors be for children not me, ; trials of life as sea storms, ; Works: The Apolo- gy of Sir Thomas More, Knight (CW), xxi, xxviii, , –; The Book of Fortune (CW), ; The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer (CW), xviin, xxviii, xxixn;“The Consent of the People Both Bestows and Withdraws Sovereignty” (CW.), xxii, xxviii, n, ; The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More, xxn, n, n;“Defense of the Liberty of the House,” –, –; A Dialogue Concerning Heresies (CW), xivn, xxii, xxviiin, xxixn–, n, , , –; A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation (CW), xivn, n, –, –, –, –; Dialogue of Salem and Bezance (CW), ; A Dialogue On Conscience (Corr –), xivn, –;“The Difference Between a Tyrant and a King” (CW.), ; English Works, , n, n, n; Epitaph, n, –;“Fable of the Sick Fox and Lion” (CW.), ;“A Funny Story About a Prince and a Peasant from Zeeland” (CW.), n; The History of King Richard III (CW and ), xviin, xxii, (ill);“A King Is Protected Not by a Corps of Guards, But by His Own Virtues” (CW.), ; The Last Things (CW), ; Latin Epigrams (CW.), xxii, xxvii–xviii, xxxii, –, n, –, , –, , ; Letter to Bonvisi (SL), xviii, –; Letter to Bugenhagen (CW), xxixn, n, n; Letter to Colet (SL), n, –; Letter to Cromwell (SL), xvii, , ; Letter to Erasmus (SL), xv, , –; Letter to Gonell (SL), n, –, ; Letter to His Wife (SL), –; Letter to John Fisher (SL), xxivn, n, n; Letter to a Monk (CW), n; Letter to Oxford (CW, SL), –; Letter to Wilson (SL), ; Letters to His Children (CW., SL), –, –; Letters to Margaret (SL), , –, –, –;“Lewis the Lost Lover” (CW), ; ìOn the Coronation Day of Henry VIII” (CW.), xvii, ;“On a False Friend” (CW.), , ;“On the Good King and His People” (CW.), ;“On His First Love” (CW.), –;“On the King and the Peasant” (CW.), n, ; “On Kings, Good and Bad” (CW.), ; “On a Lion and Lysimachus” (CW.), ; “On Lust for Power” (CW.), ;“On the Surrender of Tournai to Henry VIII, King of England” (CW.), ;“On Two Index More, Sir Thomas, (cont.) Beggars: One Blind, One Lame” (CW.), xix, n, –;“Pageant of Life” (CW.), ;“Petition for Freedom of Speech,” –, –;“The Picture Speaks” (CW.), ; Psalm on Detachment (CW), –; Responsio ad Lutheram (CW), xxixn–, ; Sadness of Christ (CW), ; Supplication of Souls (CW), –;“Tale of Mother Maud” (CW), –;“That the Good King is a Father Not a Master” (CW.), ;“That the Tyrant While He Sleeps Is No Different from the Commoner” (CW.), ;“That the Tyrant’s Life Is Troubled” (CW.), ; Thomas More’s Prayer Book, –, –; “To a Courtier” (CW.), ; Treatise on the Passion (CW), n, –, , , –;“Twelve Properties of a Lover” (CW), –; Utopia (CW), xivn, xv, xxi, xxxi–xxxii, , n, , , , , , ;“What Is the Best Form of Government” (CW.), xvii, n, – Moriae Encomium (In Praise of Folly) See Erasmus Morris, in Sir Thomas More, Morton, John (Lord Chancellor, –; Archbishop of Canterbury, –; made a cardinal in ), xx, , , morus (“fool”), n, n Moses, “Mother Maud,Tale of ” (CW), – Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Munday, Anthony, xxxi, , n Munday, John, Nauert, Charles, xvin Ned, the butler, in Sir Thomas More, , Nelson,William, n Nestor, New Building, , New Inn, xx, , New Testament, (ill), Nichols, Francis, xviii n Norfolk, Duke of See Howard,Thomas Norman Conquest, Numbers, Book of, Nun of Kent See Elizabeth Barton Oath of the Succession, n, , , , See also Parliament, Acts of obedience: to authority, , , , , ; to law, , , ; in Sir Thomas More, , , , ; prayer for, ; study of Scripture and, Odysseus, Oedipus, n, Oedipus See Seneca Officer, in Sir Thomas More, Oldcastle See Cobham, Lord “On the Coronation Day of Henry VIII” (CW.), xvii, “On a False Friend” (CW.), , “On His First Love” (CW.), – “On the Good King and His People” (CW.), “On the King and the Peasant” (CW.), n, “On Kings, Good and Bad” (CW.), “On a Lion and Lysimachus” (CW.), “On Lust for Power” (CW.), On the Sadness of Christ (CW) See De Tristitia Christi “On the Surrender of Tournai to Henry VIII, King of England” (CW.), “On Two Beggars: One Blind, One Lame” (CW.), xix, n, – Orpheus, Ovid, Oxford fare, Oxford University, xvi, xx; Greek studies at, – “Pageant of Life” (CW.), Palmer,Thomas, ;TM’s indictment and, –; in Sir Thomas More, , , , , , –, –, – The Parallel Lives See Plutarch Paraphrase of the Epistle of St Paul to the Romans See Erasmus parents, duty of, Paris, Paris Newsletter, xv, Parliament: and the Act of Supremacy, –, , –; limits and extent of its authority, –, , –, –, –, ; More praised in, –; Rich’s “case” to TM about, – Parliament of ,TM as member of, xxiii, , , Parliament of , xxiii Parliament of ,TM as Speaker of the House, ii(ill), , , (ill), ;TM’s “Petition for Free Speech,” xxvi, , –; TM’s defense of Parliament’s liberty, xxvi, , (ill), – Index Parliament of – (“Reformation Parliament”), March :TM reports universities’ judgment on divorce, ; Jan :TM accused of high treason, –, Henry insists on TM’s indictment, but fails, –; Mar : Act of Succession, n, , , ; Nov : Act of Supremacy, –, , , –, , , , , –; Act of Treasons (in force after Feb ), – See also Oath of Succession Passion, , , , , Patenson, Henry, (ill), pathos See rhetoric patience See virtue Paul, St., , , n, , , , , , , , peace: Cambrai and, xxv, ; Christian humanism and, xvi–xvii; Erasmus and, xviii, xxix; heresy and, , –, ; ideal of, xvi–xix, xxv, xxviii; importance of, ; in Sir Thomas More, , , , n;TM and, xxv, xxviii–xxix, , n, , , , , , ; universal, xxv, Peasants’ Revolt (), xxviii–xxix, , Pelagius, penance,TM’s acts of, , penance, sacrament of:TM’s use of, ; in Sir Thomas More, , n; in TM’s tales, , – people, consent of, Peter’s Pence, xxviii, Peter, St., , , , n Peter Giles (Matsys), (ill) “Petition for Freedom of Speech,” xxvi, – Phillips, Rowland, n philosophy: education and, , –, ; error and, ; necessary study of, , , ; political philosophy of, xxii, xxvii–xxix, xxvii–xxix;TM and, xxi–xxii, , n See also Boethius, Consolation of Philosophy Phocion, Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, n, n, n, “The Picture Speaks” (CW.), piety See virtues Pilgrimage of Grace, pilgrimages, – Plato, xiv, xxi, xxii, xxxii, n; communalism and, ; dishonesty and, ; self-love and, ; truth and, ; wisdom and, ; Crito, ; Republic, xxii, xxxii, n Player, character in Sir Thomas More, –, pleasure: friendship and, , –; and God’s displeasure; the King’s, , , ; repentance and, ; of truth, Pliny, Plutarch, xxxii, (ill); humanism and, ; human nature and, ;“How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend,” xxxii, –; Moral Essays (Moralia), ; The Parallel Lives, poetry, and education, , poets: and kings, n;TM as, in Sir Thomas More, –, , , n Pole, Reginald, xivn Pollix, pope, authority of, xxvii, xxviii, – Pope,Thomas, – Portugal, Pounder,William, poverty: freedom and, ; heaven and, ; Jesus Christ and, –; virtue and, ; wealth vs., – power: dangers of ill-governed, xvii, , –, ; of kings, , ; lust for, ; More and, ; in Sir Thomas More, praemunire, prayer: examples of TM’s, –, –;TM’s execution and, ;TM’s imprisonment and, ;TM on, , , , , , , ; TM’s practice of, , , , –, , , , , , , –; in Sir Thomas More, , Prayer Book (More), , (ill) Priam, pride: aphorisms about, –; as an arrow, –; devil and, , –; education and, –; effects of, –; of foreigners, ; Fortune and, ; kings and, xix; manifestations of, –; nature of, ; reading and, ; secret, –; sin of, , , , ; in Sir Thomas More, , , n, , ; success and, ;TM and, ; in worldly things, ; worldly, prison, xv, xviii, xxx–xxxi, , , –, , , , , –, , , , , , , , –, –, , –, ; in Sir Thomas More, –, , , , , , n, –; private property: ; necessity of, xxxii, –; in Utopia, Privy Council, , ;TM and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , Prologue, ; in Sir Thomas More, Index prosperity See success prudence See virtue Psalm on Detachment (CW), – Psalms, , ; Psalm , ; Psalm , ; Psalm , , (ill); Seven Psalms (Psalms , , , , , , ), , public service: corruption of politics and, ; difficulties of, –, – purgatory, , Pythagorus, Ralph (the horsekeeper in Sir Thomas More), , – Randall (the servant in Sir Thomas More) , –, Rastell, Elizabeth More (sister of TM), n, Rastell, John (brother-in-law of TM), n Rastell,William (nephew of TM,TM’s printer), , n reason: faith and, –; laws of Parliament and, ; liberal arts and, ; Scripture and, Recorder, in Sir Thomas More, , reform/reformation, xxiv, xxviii, xxix, xxxi, , , , n, , , – religion: and government, xxix, , , –, ; steadfastness in, – remembrance: of Christ’s suffering and mercy, –, ; of death, , ; knowledge and, ; love and, , , Renaissance, English, xiii, xvi repentance, Republic See Plato Responsio ad Lutheram (CW), xxixn–, Revelation, Book of, Reynard, Father (character in “Tale of Mother Maud”), – Reynolds, E E., n Reynolds of Sion, Master, rhetoric, , , in “Defense of the Liberty of the House,” ; ethos, ; in letter to Oxford, ; logos, ; pathos, ; ranting and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , –; specious forms of, Rich, Richard, – Richard III See The History of King Richard III Robin, the brewer, in Sir Thomas More, , Rochester, Bishop of See Fisher, John Rogers, Elizabeth, xivn, n Romans, Book of, n, , , , n Roper, Margaret (TM’s daughter), xxxi, , (ill), (ill), , , ; character of, ; education of, –; health of, –; letter to Alice Alington of, –; marriage of, ;TM’s imprisonment and, , ;TM’s indictment and, , ;TM’s last days and, –;TM’s letters to, , , , –, –; rushes to embrace her father, , –, (ill); in Sir Thomas More, , , , , , –, –; translation of Erasmus by, (ill) Roper,William (son-in-law of TM), (ill); marriage of, ;TM’s imprisonment and, , –, –;TM’s indictment and, –;TM and, ; in Sir Thomas More, , –, –, –; The Life of Sir Thomas More, Knight, xxxi, , –, (ill), Royal Academy of Physicians, xvi ruling See government Rutuba, Sadness of Christ See De Tristitia Christi St Anthony’s grammar school, xx, St Dunston’s Church (Canterbury), xxviiin, St German, Christopher, , St Lawrence Jewry, Church of, n, , , , St Leger, Anthony, St Mary’s Church,Willesden, St Paul’s School, xvi St.Thomas More: Selected Letters (Rogers), xi, xiiin, xivn, xxivn, n, n, n, –, –, n, –, n, n, n, n, n, n, n, –, –, –, n, n, nn– Saintsbury, George, n Sallust, Samuel, Book of, Sanhedrin, Saracens, Satan See Devil Saul, King, – Science, Dame, in Sir Thomas More, Scriptures, , , ; Church councils and, ; faith and, ; heresy and, ; interpreting, –, –; Jesus Christ and, –; reason and, –, ; study of, – scrupulosity, of conscience, xiv, , , , , – Scylla, sedition/seditious, xxviii, , , , , , , , Index Selected Letters See St.Thomas More: Selected Letters self-flattery See flattery self-love: candor and, ; flattery and, ; self-flattery and, –; self-knowledge and, , – senate, – Seneca, (ill), (ill), ; Hippolytus, –, ; Oedipus, (ill), –; in Sir Thomas More, , –, Servant, in Sir Thomas More, , , service, love of, – Servingman, Shakespeare,William, xxxi, –, –; Plutarch and, ; Hamlet, ; Henry V, , ; Henry VIII, , , ; King Lear, ; Midsummer Night’s Dream, ; Othello, ; Pericles, , ; Richard III, , ; Sonnet , Sheriff, in Sir Thomas More, –, – Sherwin, in Sir Thomas More, , , –, , –, Shrewsbury, Earl of, ;TM’s execution and, ;TM’s imprisonment and, , –, ;TM’s indictment and, –, ; in Sir Thomas More, , –, , , –, –, , –, Shirley, John, silence: conscience and, ; strategy of, –, –, –, , , sin: heresy and, ; of pride, , , ; of vainglory, , , Sir John More (Holbein), (ill) Sir Thomas More (Holbein), (ill), (ill) Sir Thomas More (Munday, Chettle, Shakespeare, and others), xxiv, xxxi, –; authorship of, –; censorship of, xxxi, ; characters in, –; conscience in, , , –, ; courage in, ; duty in, ; Erasmus in, , , , –, ; friendship in, , ; honesty in, , , ; justice in, , , ; knighting of TM in, ; law in, , , , , , , ;“The Marriage of Wit and Wisdom” in, , –; obedience in, , , ; patience in, , , ; power in, ; prayer in, , ; pride in, , , ; structure of, –; synopsis of, –; as tragedy, ; wit in, Sir Thomas More Defending the Liberty of the House of Commons (Forbes), Sirach, Smart, in Sir Thomas More, society: bonds in, –; freedom and, Socrates, xiv, , , n Sophocles, Southwell, Richard, , sovereignty: consent of people and, ; of law, xxx Spain, , , Stapleton,Thomas, xxn, n, n, n; Vita Thomae Mori, state: authority of, xxvii; church and, , – statesmen: conscience and, –, , –, –; integrity and, –, –; laws and, –, –; necessity of, ; patron of, xxxi; role of, xix Stephen, St., , Stepney, Stokesley, , – success: friendship and, –; God and, ; pride and, Suetonius, (ill) suffering: barn-burning and, –; bearing, ; eternal honor and, ; of Jesus Christ, ; Jesus Christ and, –; love and, –; preparation for, –; in Sir Thomas More, – Suffolk, Duke of See Brandon, Charles Supplication of Souls (CW), – Suresby, Justice, , –; in Sir Thomas More, , Surrey, Earl of, ;TM’s execution and, –; TM’s imprisonment and, , –;TM’s indictment and, –, ; in Sir Thomas More, , –, , , –, –, –, , –, Sylvester, Richard S., xvin, n, n “Tale of Mother Maud” (CW), – temperance See virtue temptation, , , , , Terence, “That the Good King Is a Father Not a Master” (CW.), “That the Tyrant While He Sleeps Is No Different from the Commoner” (CW.), “That the Tyrant’s Life Is Troubled” (CW.), theology, –, , Thomas More at the Opening of Parliament, (ill) Thomas More, His Father and His Household (Holbein), (ill) Thomas More’s Prayer Book, –, – Tilney, Edmund, xxxi, , n Index Titus, xvi–xvii “To a Courtier” (CW.), tomb of TM, and inscriptions, , –, Tournai, treason:TM charged with, xv, , , , –; in Sir Thomas More, , , n; Wolsey and, xxv Treatise on the Passion (CW), n, –, , , – Treaty of Universal Peace, xxv, Trinity, , Trojans, , , trust, in God, , truth: conscience and, , ; as divine, ; flattery and, ; pleasure of, ; in Sir Thomas More, ; as TM’s consolation, , –, – Tunstall, Cuthbert (Bishop of London, –; Bishop of Durham, –), , , –, –, , (ill), , Turks, , “Twelve Properties of a Lover” (CW), – Tyler, Master, Tyndale,William, xxviin, xxviii, , Tyrannicida (Lucian), tyrants: kings vs., –; life of, ;TM’s hatred of, ; in Sir Thomas More, – Utopia (CW), xivn, xv, xxi, xxxi–xxxii, , n, , , , ;TM’s popularity and, xiv; pride and, ; private property in, ; and ruling only one kingdom, n vainglory, , See also pride Vanity, Lady, , , , ; in Sir Thomas More, Vincent (character in A Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation), , , – violence: heresy and, –, ; use of, virtue: affability, –, , , , , , , –, , , , ; charity, , , , , , –, , ; chastity, ; courage, –, , –, , , , , , –, , –; diligence, , , , , , , , , , , , , ; education and, –, , ; generosity, , , , ; honesty, , –, , , , , ; humility, xix, xxiii, , , , , , , n, , , , , –, , –, –, , , , , , ; justice, xxvi–xxvii, –, , , , , n, –, , , , n, , ; kings and, ; learning and, –; patience, , , , , –, ; piety, , , –, , ff., , –, , , , –; political foresight of TM, , , –, ; poverty and, ; prudence, –, –, –, –, ff., , ff., n, –, n, , –, –, , , –, –; pursuit of, –; temperance, –, , , , , ; vs gloryseeking, ; wisdom, , –, , See also conscience, integrity Vita Thomae Mori See Stapleton Von Hutten, Ulrich, , n war: just, xvi; love of neighbor and, ; with France, xvi, xviii, xxv, , , Warders, in Sir Thomas More, – Warham,William (Archbishop of Canterbury, –; Lord Chancellor, –), , , (ill) Watchins, Arthur, in Sir Thomas More, wealth: conscience and, , ; everlasting life as, ; poverty vs., –; reasons for, – Webbe, John, Wegemer, Gerard, xvin, xxviin Westman, Colleen, (ill) Westminster, , , , , –, , , , , , , , –, Westminster, Abbott of See Benson,William Weston, Master, “What Is the Best Form of Government” (CW.), xvii, n, – Whitehall, , , Whitford, Master, – Whittington, Robert, n William Roper (Holbein), (ill) Williamson, –; in Sir Thomas More, , , , Williamson, Doll, in Sir Thomas More, , –, –, –, , – Wilson, Doctor, Wiltshire, Lord See Boleyn,Thomas Wingfield, Richard, wisdom See virtue Wisdom, Book of, wit:“The Marriage of Wit and Wisdom” and, ; necessity of, –; in Sir Thomas More, , , –;TM’s love of, , Wolsey,Thomas (Lord Chancellor, –; Archbishop of York, –; made a cardinal in ), xxiv, , –, , , , (ill); ambition of, –; desire to be Index pope of, ; education and, ; favorite fable of, ; Henry VIII’s divorce and, ; as Lord Chancellor of England, ;TM’s confrontation with, xxvi, –;TM’s replacement of, ; treason of, xxv Woman, in Sir Thomas More, – women: education and, xxii, –, ; learning and, Wood, John a (servant of TM), Wriothesley,Thomas, , (ill) writing: education and, –, ;TM’s practice of, Xenophon, Zacchaeus, – A omas More Source Book was designed and composed in Bembo with Cataneo display type by Kachergis Book Design, Pittsboro, North Carolina; and printed on -pound Glatfelter Natural and bound by Thomson-Shore, Inc., Dexter, Michigan ...A omas More Source Book A omas More Source Book Edited by Gerard B.Wegemer and Stephen W Smith The Catholic University of America... Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Thomas More source book / edited by Gerard B.Wegemer and Stephen W Smith mmmp.mcm Includes bibliographical references and index --- (pbk : alk paper) More ,Thomas, Sir,... Introduction xiii Earliest Accounts of Thomas More’s Life Erasmus on Thomas More, Roper’s Life of Sir Thomas More, Knight, c Munday & Shakespeare’s Sir Thomas More, c Writings
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