Contemporary business 14th by boone

Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone Contemporary business 14th by boone

“The 14th edition of Contemporary Business is dedicated to Joseph S Heider, who brought me to John Wiley & Sons Thank you, Joe.” —Dave Vice President & Executive Publisher Senior Acquisitions Editor Assistant Editor Production Manager Senior Production Editor Marketing Manager Creative Director Senior Designer Text Designer Cover Designer Production Management Services Senior Illustration Editor Photo Editor Photo Researcher Editorial Assistant Executive Media Editor Media Editor Back Cover George Hoffman Franny Kelly Emily McGee Dorothy Sinclair Valerie A Vargas Kelly Simmons Harry Nolan Madelyn Lesure Design Group Wendy Lai Integra–Chicago Anna Melhorn Hilary Newman Teri Stratford Melissa Solarz Allison Morris Elena Santa Maria iStock This book was set in Janson TextLTStd-Roman 10/13 by MPS Limited, a Macmillan Company, Chennai, India and printed and bound by R R Donnelley & Sons The cover was printed by R R Donnelley & Sons This book is printed on acid free paper ∞ Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc has been a valued source of knowledge and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations Our company is built on a foundation of principles that include responsibility to the communities we serve and where we live and work In 2008, we launched a Corporate Citizenship Initiative, a global effort to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges we face in our business Among the issues we are addressing are carbon impact, paper specifications and procurement, ethical conduct within our business and among our vendors, and community and charitable support For more information, please visit our website: www.wiley.com/go/citizenship Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year †These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party †Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley †Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at www.wiley.com/go/returnlabel Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative ISBN-13 978-1-118-01030-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 ffirs_SE.indd vi 05/10/11 11:17 AM About the Author During Dave Kurtz’s high school days, no one in Salisbury, Maryland, would have mistaken him for a scholar In fact, he was a mediocre student, so bad that his father steered him toward higher education by finding him a succession of backbreaking summer jobs Thankfully, most of them have been erased from his memory, but a few linger, including picking peaches, loading watermelons on trucks headed for market, and working as a pipefitter’s helper Unfortunately, these jobs had zero impact on his academic standing Worse yet for Dave’s ego, he was no better than average as a high school athlete in football and track But four years at Davis & Elkins College in Elkins, West Virginia, turned him around Excellent instructors helped get Dave on a sound academic footing His grade point average soared—enough to get him accepted by the graduate business school at the University of Arkansas, where he met Gene Boone Gene and Dave became longtime co-authors; together they produced more than 50 books In addition to writing, Dave and Gene were involved in several entrepreneurial ventures This long-term partnership ended with Gene’s death in 2005 But, this book will always be Boone & Kurtz’s Contemporary Business Dave ended up back at the University of Arkansas, after tours of duty in Ypsilanti, Michigan; Seattle, Washington; and Melbourne, Australia Dave and his wife, Diane, have six “perfect” grand children and four demanding canine companions Dave can be reached at ProfKurtz@gmail.com About the Author ffirs_SE.indd vii vii 05/10/11 11:17 AM WileyPLUS for Students WileyPLUS builds students’ confidence because it takes the guesswork out of studying by providing a clear roadmap to academic success WileyPLUS provides an online environment that integrates relevant resources, including the entire digital textbook, in an easy-to-navigate framework that helps you study more effectively With WileyPLUS, you receive 24/7 access to resources that promote positive learning outcomes Throughout each study session, you can assess your progress and gain immediate feedback on your strengths and weaknesses so you can be confident you are spending your time wisely Powered by proven technology and built on a foundation of cognitive research, WileyPLUS has enriched the education of millions of students, in over 20 countries around the world WileyPLUS is filled with student resources including: Business Weekly Updates Stay up to date on the very latest in business news stories Each week you will find links to new articles, video clips, business news stories, and so much more Audio Chapter Review Summaries Available in English and Spanish, these reviews provide a quick overview of the main chapter concepts, so you can review them in the car, on foot, at the gym – anywhere! iPhone Apps You can now review chapter concepts and key terms on the go with our iPhone flashcard and self-study quiz apps Student Study Guide Review key business concepts and test your knowledge so you’re ready for the next quiz or exam The Wiley Business Video Series Brand new end-of-chapter video cases include companies like Zipcar, Seventh Generation, New Harvest Coffee Roasters, and Comet Skateboards viii ffirs_SE.indd viii WileyPLUS for Students 05/10/11 11:17 AM What are Learning Styles? Have you ever repeated something to yourself over and over to help remember it? Or does your best friend ask you to draw a map to someplace where the two of you are planning to meet, rather than just tell her the directions? If so, then you already have an intuitive sense that people learn in different ways, Researchers in learning theory have developed various categories of learning styles Some people, for example, learn best by reading or writing Others learn best by using various senses—seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting, or even smelling When you understand how you learn best, you can make use of learning strategies that will optimize the time you spend studying To find out what your particular learning style is, www.wiley.com/college/boone and take the learning styles quiz you find there The quiz will help you determine your primary learning style: Visual Learner Auditory Learner Haptic Learner Print Learner Interactive Learner Kinesthetic Learner Olfactory Learner Then, consult the information below and on the following pages for study tips for each learning style This information will help you better understand your learning style and how to apply it to the study of business Study Tips for Visual Learners If you are a Visual Learner, you prefer to work with images and diagrams It is important that you see information Visual Learning • Draw charts/diagrams during lecture • Examine textbook figures and graphs • Look at images and videos on WileyPLUS and other Web sites • Pay close attention to charts, drawings, and handouts your instructor uses • Underline; use different colors • Use symbols, flowcharts, graphs, different arrangements on the page, white spaces Visual Reinforcement • Make flashcards by drawing tables/charts on one side and definition or description on the other side • Use art-based worksheets; cover labels on images in text and then rewrite the labels • Use colored pencils/markers and colored paper to organize information into types • Convert your lecture notes into “page pictures.” To this: – Use the visual learning strategies outlined above – Reconstruct images in different ways – Redraw pages from memory – Replace words with symbols and initials – Draw diagrams where appropriate – Practice turning your visuals back into words If visual learning is your weakness: If you are not a Visual Learner but want to improve your visual learning, try re-keying tables/charts from the textbook Study Tips for Print Learners If you are a Print Learner, reading will be important but writing will be much more important Print Learning • Write text lecture notes during lecture • Read relevant topics in textbook, especially textbook tables • Look at text descriptions in animations and Web sites • Use lists and headings • Use dictionaries, glossaries, and definitions • Read handouts, textbooks, and supplementary library readings • Use lecture notes Print Reinforcement • Rewrite your notes from class, and copy classroom handouts in your own handwriting • Make your own flashcards • Write out essays summarizing lecture notes or textbook topics • Develop mnemonics • Identify word relationships • Create tables with information extracted from textbook or lecture notes • Use text based worksheets or crossword Puzzles • Write out words again and again • Reread notes silently • Rewrite ideas and principles into other words • Turn charts, diagrams, and other illustrations into statements • Practice writing exam answers • Practice with multiple choice questions • Write paragraphs, especially beginnings and endings • Write your lists in outline form • Arrange your words into hierarchies and points If print learning is your weakness: If you are not a Print Learner but want to improve your print learning, try covering labels of figures from the textbook and writing in the labels Study Tips for Auditory Learners If you are an Auditory Learner, then you prefer listening as a way to learn information Hearing will be very important, and sound helps you focus Auditory Learning • Make audio recordings during lecture • Do not skip class; hearing the lecture is essential to understanding • Play audio files provided by instructor and textbook • Listen to narration of animations • Attend lecture and tutorials • Discuss topics with students and instructors • Explain new ideas to other people • Leave spaces in your lecture notes for later recall Learning Styles ffirs_SE.indd ix ix 05/10/11 11:17 AM Study Tips for Auditory Learners (continued) • Describe overheads, pictures, and visuals to somebody who was not in class Auditory Reinforcement • Record yourself reading the notes and listen to the recording • Write out transcripts of the audio files • Summarize information that you have read, speaking out loud • • • • Use a recorder to create self-tests Compose “songs” about information Play music during studying to help focus Expand your notes by talking with other and with information from your textbook • Read summarized notes out loud • Explain your notes to another auditory learner • Talk with the instructor • Spend time in quiet places recalling the ideas • Say your answers out loud If auditory teaming is your weakness: If you are not an Auditory Learner but want to improve your auditory learning, try writing out the scripts from pre-recorded lectures Study Tips for Interactive Learners If you are an Interactive Learner, you will want to share your information A study group will be important Interactive Learning • Ask a lot of questions during lecture or TA review sessions • Contact other students, via e-mail or discussion forums, and ask them to explain what they learned Interactive Reinforcement • “Teach” the content to a group of other students • Talking to an empty room may seem odd, but it wiII be effective for you • Discuss information with others, making sure that you both ask and answer questions • Work in small group discussions, making a verbal and written discussion of what others say If interactive learning is your weakness: If you are not an Interactive Learner but want to improve prove your interactive learning, try asking your study partner questions and then repeating them to the instructor Study Tips for Haptic Learners If you are a Haptic Learner, you prefer to work with your hands It is important to physically manipulate material Haptic Learning • Take blank paper to lecture to draw charts/ tables/diagrams • Using the textbook, run your fingers along the figures and graphs to get a “feel” for shapes and relationships Haptic Reinforcement • Trace words and pictures on flashcards • Perform electronic exercises that involve drag-and-drop activities • Alternate between speaking and writing information • Observe someone performing a task that you would like to learn • Make sure you have freedom of movement while studying If haptic learning is your weakness: If you are not a Haptic Learner but want to improve your haptic learning, try spending more time in class working with graphs and tables while speaking or writing down information Study Tips for Kinesthetic Learners If you are a Kinesthetic Learner, it will be important that you involve your body during studying Kinesthetic Learning • Ask permission to get up and move during Lecture • Participate in role-playing activities in the classroom • Use all your senses • Go to labs; take field trips • Listen to real-life examples • Pay attention to applications • Use trial-and-error methods • Use hands-on approaches Kinesthetic Reinforcement • Make flashcards; place them on the floor, and move your body around them • Move while you are teaching the material to others • Put examples in your summaries • Use case studies and applications to help with principles and abstract concepts • Talk about your notes with another Kinesthetic person • Use pictures and photographs that illustrate an idea • Write practice answers • Role-play the exam situation If kinesthetic learning is your weakness: If you are not a Kinesthetic Learner but want to improve your kinesthetic learning, try moving flash cards to reconstruct graphs and tables, etc Study Tips for Olfactory Learners If you are an Olfactory Learner, you will prefer to use the senses of smell and taste to reinforce learning This is a rare learning modality Olfactory Learning • During lecture, use different scented markers to identify different types of information Olfactory Reinforcement • Rewrite notes with scented markers x ffirs_SE.indd x • If possible, go back to the computer lab to your studying • Burn aromatic candles while studying • Try to associate the material that you’re studying with a pleasant taste or smell If olfactory learning is your weakness: If you are not an Olfactory Learner but want to improve your olfactory learning, try burning an aromatic candle or incense while you study, or eating cookies during study sessions Learning Styles 05/10/11 11:17 AM LEARNING STYLES SURVEY CHART Resources Visual Print Auditory Interactive Haptic Kinesthetic Hit & Miss ✔ ✔ ✔ Launching Your Career ✔ ✔ ✔ Learning Goals ✔ ✔ ✔ They Said It ✔ ✔ BusinessEtiquette ✔ ✔ Solving an Ethical Controversy ✔ ✔ Assessment Checks ✔ ✔ ✔ Review Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ Cases ✔ ✔ ✔ Project / Teamwork Applications ✔ ✔ ✔ Flashcards ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Business Terms ✔ ✔ ✔ Interactive Quizzes ✔ ✔ ✔ Student PowerPoints ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Audio Summary (English / Spanish) ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Animated Figures ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Case Study Animations ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ E-lectures ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Greensburg, KS Continuing Case ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ End-of-Chapter Videos ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Final Exam Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ Quiz Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ Pre-lecture Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ Post-lecture Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ Video Questions ✔ ✔ Drop-box Questions ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Learning Styles ffirs_SE.indd xi xi 05/10/11 11:17 AM Acknowledgements Contemporary Business has long benefited from the instructors who have offered their time as reviewers Comprehensive reviews of the 14th edition and ancillary materials were provided by the following colleagues: Kellie Emrich Barbara Ching Cuyahoga Community College Los Angeles City College Gil Feiertag Rachna Condos Columbus State Community College American River College Janice Feldbauer Susan J Cremins Schoolcraft College Westchester Community College Danielle Blesi Chuck Foley Tamara Davis Hudson Valley Community College Columbus State Community College Davenport University Margaret Dunfee Karen Halpern Colleen Dunn Northern Arizona University South Puget Sound Community College Bucks County Community College Joanne Frazier Tim Hatten Joyce Ezrow Montgomery College, Rockville Mesa State College Anne Arundel Community College Connie Golden Linda Hefferin Kathleen K Ghahramani Lakeland Community College Elgin Community College Johnson County Community College Frank Harber John Hilston Connie Golden Indian River State University Brevard Community College Lakeland Community College Joe Molina Martin Karamian Susan Greer MiraCosta College Pierce College Horry-Georgetown Technical College Chris Osuanah Cynthia Miree-Coppin James V Isherwood J Sargeant Reynolds Community College Oakland Unversity Community College of Rhode Island Angela Rabatin David Oliver Mary Beth Klinger Prince George’s Community College Edison State College College of Southern Maryland Tim Rogers Sally Proffitt Claudia Levi Ozark Technical Community College Tarrant County College Edmonds Community College John Streibich Jayre Reaves Kathy Lorencz Monroe Community College Rutgers University Oakland Community College Colette Wolfson David Robinson Levi Richard Ivy Tech Community College, South Bend University of California, Berkeley Citrus College Lisa Zangaro Patricia Setlik Jenny C Rink Oakton Community college Harper College Community College of Philadelphia Thanks also to all of our colleagues who have assisted us in previous editions in our continuing efforts to make the best business text even better The new edition continues to reflect so many of their recommendations Among the hundreds of reviewers and focus group participants who contributed to the book during previous editions, we acknowledge the special contributions of the following people: John Striebich Susan Roach Monroe Community College Georgia Southern University Rodney Thirion Sandra Robertson Pikes Peak Community College Thomas Nelson Community College Sal Veas Barbara Rosenthal Santa Monica College Miami Dade College, Kendall Campus Collette Wolfson JoDee Salisbury Ivy Tech Community College Baker College Lisa Zingaro Rieann Spence-Gale Oakton Community College Northern Virginia Community College Nathaniel R Calloway Brenda Anthony Bob Urell University of Maryland University College Tallahassee Community College Irvine Valley College Gary Cohen Lorraine P Bassette Ed Becker Prince George’s Community College Housatonic Community College University of Maryland xii flast_SE.indd xii Acknowledgements 28/09/11 11:53 AM Cathleen Behan Donna Scarlett Nathan Himelstein North Virginia Community College Essex County College Vicki Bjerke Iowa Western Community College—Clarinda Northeast Iowa Community College Charles Smith Purdue—West Lafayette Robert Brinkmeyer Horry-Georgetown Technical College Howard L Irby, Jr University of Cincinnati Michael Thomas Bronx Community College Ronald Cereola Henry Ford Community College Robert Ironside James Madison University LaVena Wilkin North Lake College Leo Chiantelli Sullivan University Charlotte Jacobsen Shasta College Jamil Ahmad Montgomery College John Cicero Los Angeles Trade—Technical College Bruce Johnson Shasta College Sylvia Allen College of the Desert Robert M Clark Los Angeles Valley College Judith Jones Horry-Georgetown Technical College Kenneth F Anderson Norwalk Community College Douglas Crowe Marce Kelly Bradley University Borough of Manhattan Community College Charles R Fenner Andrea Bailey Gregory Kishel State University of New York- Canton Moraine Valley Community College Susan Greer Norman E Burns Horry-Georgetown Technical College Bergen Community College William Harvey Diana Carmel Henry Ford Community College Golden West College David Hollomon Barbara Ching Victor Valley College Los Angeles City College Clark Lambert Ron Colley Farmingdale State College South Suburban College James R Lashley Scott Colvin Scott Homan Santa Monica College Cypress College—Santa Ana College Patricia Kishel Cypress College Andy Klein DeVry University Mary Beth Klinger College of Southern Maryland John S Leahy Palomar College Delores Linton Bowie State University Naugatuck Community College Victor Lipe Peter Dawson Tarrant County College-Northwest Campus Trident Technical College Collin County Community College Stacy Martin Michael Mandel Dr Richard L Drury Southwestern Illinois College Northern Virginia Community College Theresa Mastrianni John A Fawcett Bob Matthews Housatonic Community College Gina McConoughey Illinois Central College Dennis R Murphy Horry-Georgetown Technical College John Muzzo Harold Washington University Jack Partlow Northern Virginia Community College W.J Patterson Sullivan University Michael Quinn James Madison University Rama Ramaswamy Norwalk Community College Dr Barry Freeman Bergen Community College Richard Ghidella Fullerton College Ross Gittell University of New Hampshire Clark Hallpike Elgin Community College Carnella Hardin Glendale College—Arizona Minneapolis Community and Technical College Britt Hastey JoAnn Rawley Dave Hickman Reading Area Community College Los Angeles City College Frederick Community College Kingsborough Community College Oakton Community College Hugh McCabe Westchester Community College Tricia McConville Northeastern University Rebecca Miles Delaware Tech Linda Morable Richland College Linda Mosley Tarrant County College Carol Murphy Quinsigamond Community College Andrew Nelson Montgomery College Acknowledgements flast_SE.indd xiii xiii 28/09/11 11:53 AM Greg Nesty Rick Weidmann Stacy Martin Humboldt College Southwestern Illinois College Linda Newell Prince George’s Community College Saddleback College S Martin Welc Utah Valley State College Emmanuel Nkwenti Saddleback College Ed Mitchell Pennsylvania College of Technology Steve Wong Paul Okello Rock Valley College Hillsborough Community College Tarrant County College Greg Akins Frank Novakowski Lynn D Pape Lansing Community College Davenport University Ken Anderson Tom Passero Owens Community College Charles Pedersen Borough of Manhattan Community College Quinsigamond Community College Nancy Bailey Lansing Community College John Pharr Middlesex Community College Robert Reck Cedar Valley—Dallas County Community College District Mary Barnum Western Michigan University Grand Rapids Community College Paul Ricker Jeff Podoshen Sherry Bell Broward Community College DeVry University Ferris State University Jenny Rink Jude A Rathburn Ellen Benowitz Community College of Philadelphia University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee Mercer Community College Susan Roach Levi Richard Mike Bento Georgia Southern University Citrus College Owens Community College Edith Strickland Joe Ryan Pat Bernson Tallahassee Community College Valley College County College of Morris Keith Taylor Althea Seaborn Trudy Borst Lansing Community College Norwalk Community College Ferris State University Joyce Thompson John Seilo David Braun Orange Coast Community College Pierce College Lehigh-Carbon Community College Richard Sherer David England Bob Urell Los Angeles Trade—Technical College John A Logan College Irvine Valley College Gerald Silver Barry Freeman Richard Warner Purdue University—Calumet Bergen Community College Lehigh-Carbon Community College Leon Singleton Eric Glohr David Woolgar Santa Monica College Lansing Community College Santa Ana College Malcolm Skeeter Karen Hawkins Chuck Zellerbach Norwalk Community College Miami Dade Community College Orange Coast College Robert Smolin Nate Himelstein Alison Adderly-Pitman Citrus College Essex Community College Brevard Community College Darrell Thompson Kim Hurns David Alexander Mountain View College Washtenaw Community College Angelo State University Sandra Toy Dmitriy Kalyagin Kenneth Anderson Orange Coast College Chabot College Mott Community College Phil Vardiman Elias Konwufine Charles Armstrong Abilene Christian University Keiser College Kansas City Kansas Community College Gina Vega Carl Kovelowski Donald B Armstrong Merrimack College Mercer Community College Mesa College Michelle Vybiral Pierre Laguerre Nathaniel Barber Joliet Junior College Bergen Community College Winthrop University Northern Virginia Community College—Alexandria Campus xiv flast_SE.indd xiv Duane Miller Tom Perkins Acknowledgements 28/09/11 11:53 AM Fiscal policy, 92–93, 94 Fishing industry, 77 Fitness industry, 187–188, 200, 230 Five Guys Burgers and Fries, 77, 78 Fixed costs, 452 Fixed-position layout, 328, 329 Flexibility, workforce, 22 Flexible benefit plans, 263–264 Flexible manufacturing system (FMS), 322–323 Flexible production, 318–319 Flexible work plans, 58, 264–265 Flextime, 264 Flight 1549 plane crash, 235 Flixster, Floating exchange rates, 112 Flooding, 253 Flu shots, 35, 362 FMS See Flexible manufacturing system Focus group, 365, 396 Follow-up, 336, 448 Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act (FDAA), A7 Food service managers, 347–348 Ford Motor Company, 36, 72, 105, 106, 116, 139, 146, 168, 169, 248, 369, 428, 439, 541, 576 Foreign corporation, 172 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 118, 506 Foreign currency market, 112 Foreign languages See Languages Foreign licensing agreement, 129 Foreign stock markets, 545 Forensic accountants, 502–503 Formal communication channel, 299, 300–301, 302 Forming, as team development stage, 294 Form utility, 354 Fortune 500 companies, 188, 217 Fortune cookies, 154 Fossil fuels, 51, 85 401k plans, 262 Four Faces of CFO, 499 Fourth market, 545 Fracturing, hydraulic, 321 France, 87, 108, 109, 112, 123, 125, 191, 545, 558 copyrights in, A13 free enterprise in, 83 international regulations and, 120 legal environment in, 83, 118 Franchisee, 163, 164–165 Franchises/Franchising agreements, 163–164 benefits and problems, 164–166 explanation of, 129, 162 going global and, 129 growth of family-operated, 78 guidelines for buying, 201–202 sector, 163 top ten, 163 I-20 binsub.indd 20 Franchisor, 163 Fraud See also Sarbanes-Oxley Act accounting, 502–503 Internet, 64 Ponzi scheme and securities, 26 unethical behavior and, 41 Freedom of choice, 10 Freedom of speech, 276 Free-rein leadership, 235 Free-trade area, 123 Frequency marketing, 377 “Freshman 15,” 230 Frictional unemployment, 90, 91 Friends, loans from, 155, 203 Friendship treaties, 119 FTC See Federal Trade Commission Fuels alternative, 12 biodiesel, 53, 74, 85 carbon-based, 17 cells, 151, 462, 477 fossil, 51, 85 natural gas, 321 Full-function merchant wholesaler, 406 Functional departmentalization, 239 Functional résumé, A61, A63 Funding See Financing Funerals, 197–198 Furniture, Meyer Wells, 190 G Gadgets, 439 Gain sharing, 260, 261 Games, online, 188 Gantt chart, 335 Gas, natural, 321, 462 Gasoline, 74, 75, 76 GE See General Electric Gemstones, 42 Gender roles, 95, 369 Genencor, 330 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 122, 125 General Electric (GE), 18, 19, 25, 132, 141, 168, 174, 175, 233, 234, 337, 511, 536, 577, 583, A1 Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), 504 General Motors, 72, 289, 369, 371, 394, 437, 540–541, 551 General obligation bonds, 537 Generation X, 20, 241 Generation Y, 20, 240, 241, 265, 370, 423, 435 Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008, 60, 61 Geographical departmentalization, 239 Geographical segmentation, 368, 373 Geothermal energy, 53, 85, 93 Germany, 85, 87, 106, 109, 112, 125, 239, 325, 343, 417, 530, 557 banks in, 558 copyrights in, A13 international regulations and, 120 legal environment in, 118 as low-context culture, 297 Q control in, 139 Giants, 427, 428, 429, 490 Gifts, 42, 44, 114 Glassmaking, 122 Global business strategies, 132 Global climate change, 19 Global economic crisis See Economic downturn/crisis Globalization, entrepreneurship impacted by, 190–191 Goal-setting theory, 270–271 Gold prices, falling, 77 Gold rush, 14 Good debt, A31 Goods, 389, 390 See also Products Goodyear Tire, 329, 330, 439 Google, 3, 4, 9, 10, 16, 18, 25, 29, 67, 73, 80, 81, 100, 101, 131, 136, 137, 142, 150, 155, 223, 224, 235, 236, 267, 268, 281, 290, 342, 364, 366, 382, 397, 403, 422, 429, 436, 437, 439, 445, 479, 481, 495, 529, 583, A9, A13, A14 See also Android Apps, Chrome, 10, 80, 81 Gmail, 10 Google Docs, 10 Maps, News, 348, 382 Nexus One, 403 Nexus S, Search, 80 as top company, 268 TV, 436 Voice, 3, 479 Gossip, 302 Government accountants, 504 Government bonds, 537 Government funds, 203, 248 Government-owned corporations, 171 Government regulation antitrust and business, A5–A6 of financial markets, 555–556 of small businesses, 154–155 Governor, 219 GPS systems, 3, 18, 101, 361, 393, 483 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, A6 Graniterock, 14, 19 Grapevine, 302 Great Britain, 100, 115, 120, 239, 367, 424, 530, A4 See also United Kingdom countertrade and, 129 hand gestures in, 114 international trade in, 107 Great Depression, 15, 86, 170, A5 See also Economic downturn/crisis Great Law of the Iroquois, 283 Greece, 112, 125, 191, 343, 415 credit crisis in, 546 hand gestures in, 114 Green cards, immigrants and, 371 Green Grid, 477 Greenhouse gases, 477 Green initiatives, 344–345 Green Mama, 152 Green manufacturing processes, 320–321 Green marketing, 19, 53, 54 Green packaging, 401 Greenpeace, 477 Greensburg, Kansas agriculture integrated into recovery in, 598 fundraising in, 594 greening and rebuilding of, 140 natural-gas Civic GX in, 462 no micromanaging in, 346 promotion of new businesses in, 212 road to recovery in, 597 synchronous learning in, 494 Grid computing, 486 Grievance procedure, 275 Gross domestic product (GDP), 86–87 Groupon, 130, 131 Growth stage, 393 Guerrilla marketing, 433 H Hackers, of computers, 198, 480 Haiti, 123 earthquakes in, 55, 123, 358 fiscal policy in, 93 Mayo Clinic and, 285 Hamburger joint, health-conscious, 193 Hand gestures, communication and, 114 Handheld devices, 567 Handshakes, 95, 114, 197, 297 Hard currencies, 112 Hardware, 473–475 Harley-Davidson, 45, 291 Harvest Partners, 583, 584 Health burger joint and, 193 drinks and beverages, 95 fitness industry, 187–188, 200, 230 Procter & Gamble Health and Well-Being unit, 239 social responsibility and public, 49–50 Health care consumer price index and, 89 Mayo Clinic and, 285, 286 needleless injection technology, 35 new jobs for, 150 rising costs of, 51, 59 Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, A8 Health insurance employee, 59–60, A21 Subject Index 17/09/11 2:44 PM managed care plans and, A27–A28 Health maintenance organizations (HMO), A28 Healthy Families Act (HFA), 263 Heated mouse pad, 397 Hedge fund managers, 591–592 Hedge funds, 585, 591–592 Helmets, military, 396 Heritage Oaks Bank, 434, 435 Herzberg’s two-factor model of motivation, 269 HFA See Healthy Families Act Hierarchy of needs (Maslow), 268–269 High-context cultures, 297 Hiring process See Recruitment Hispanics, 21, 63, 162, 207, 303, 358, 371, A69 History business in U.S., 13–16 credit, 203 HIV/AIDS, 35, 60, 66, 67 H&M, 41–42 Home-based businesses, 149, 193 Homeland Security Act, A9 Homeowners’ insurance, A26 Honda Civic GX, 462 Honesty, 42–43 Hong Kong, 108, 191, 524, 545, 563 China, accounting and, 523 Google in, 223, 224 IFRS in, 524 Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio, 584 Horizontal merger, 174 Hosts, 481 Hotel industry, 253, 312–313, 344–345 Hotlines, employee, 46 Hot spots, 477 Household cleaning industry, 200–201 Procter & Gamble Household Care unit, 239 Housing consumer price index and, 89 market, 88, 563 How to Prepare a Business Plan (Blackwell), A50 How to Write a Business Plan (McKeever), A50 HP/Palm devices, 567 Human resource management, 254 compensation and, 260–265 employee motivation and, 268–273 employee separation and, 265–267 labor-management relations and, 273–277 orientation, training and evaluation function of, 257–259 recruitment and selection function of, 255–257 responsibilities, 255 Human resource managers, 348 Human resources, 8–9 “100 Best Companies to Work For,” 30, 58, 258, 260, 267, 268, 312 Hurricanes, 37, 194, 195, 358, 359, 489, A18, A19, A20 Hybrid cars, 138, 157–158, 462 Hybrid SUVs, 462 Hydraulic fracturing, 321 Hydro power, 85, 228 Hygiene factors, 269 Hyperinflation, 88 I IBM, 15, 21, 30, 58, 59, 109, 110, 118, 119, 233, 256, 399, 473, 479, 495, 502 ibm.com, 119, 489 Ideas, for new ventures, 199–202 Identity theft, 40, 471, 481, 482, 491 Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act, A9 IMC See Integrated marketing communications Immigrants, 371 Immigration Act of 1990 (IMMACT 90), 205 Importers, 128 Imports, 106, 110–111 Inbound telemarketing, 446 Incentive compensation, 261 Income Equity Act, 270 Income statement, 512 Incorporators, 172 Independent wholesaling intermediaries, 406–407 India, 47, 82, 87, 94, 107, 108, 110, 112, 115, 130, 191, 296, 367, 524, 559 apparel manufacturing in, 343 as center of technology industry, 583 as emerging market, 563 flexible manufacturing system in, 323 global business strategies and, 132 Google and Facebook in, 137 growth of software industry in, 96 as high-context culture, 297 Nokia in, 455 offshoring in, 22, 130 outsourcing legal work to, A1 population of, 107, 108, 137 software industry in, 96 Tata Motors in, 115, 116 women entrepreneurs in, 186 Indirect exporting, 128 Individual branding, 398 Industrial entrepreneurs, 14 Industrial Revolution, 13–14, 15 Infantry combat program, 396 Inflation, 88 Infomercials, 179–180, 440 Informal communication channel, 299, 302–303 Information See also Information systems computer-based systems of, 469 data, 468 empowerment by sharing, 286–288 integrated marketing communications and, 431 technology, 192–193 Information systems, 468 See also Computer networks; Computers components of, 469–473 computer hardware for, 473–475 computer networks and, 476–479 computer software for, 475–476 databases and, 470–471 disaster recovery and backup, 483–484 distributed workforce for, 484–485 ethical issues with, 482 for major installations, 490 management support, 472–473 operational support, 472 security issues with, 479–482 trends, 484–486 types of, 471–473 Information Technology (IT), 570 careers in, 495–496 distributed workforce for, 484–485 entrepreneurship and, 192–193 Informative advertising, 435 Infrastructure, 115 Initial public offering (IPO), 131, 542, 543 Ink card program, 394 Innovation, 151–152 Android and, 3, Big Green Innovations, 119 The Coca-Cola Company and, 281 collaboration and, 22 demotivation and, 261 diverse workforce and, 21 entrepreneurs and, 196 Entrepreneurship and Innovation Group, 192 Ernst & Young and, 293 GE and, 234 Global Innovation Outlook report, 119 Goodyear and, 330, 439 Google and, 236 human resources and, innovation-driven economies, 191 leadership and, 233 Mayo Clinic and, 285, 286 Millennials and, 241 Nike and, 227 social entrepreneurs and, 186 technology and, 7, 16, 205, 221, 583 3M and, 206 Whole Foods and, 291 Xerox and, 217 Insider trading, 556 Installations, 390 Institutional advertising, 434 Insurable interest, A22 Insurable risk, A22 Insurance automobile, A26 commercial and business, A26 concepts related to, A21–A24 explanation of, A25 health and disability, A27–A28 homeowners’, A26 liability, A26–A27 life, A28–A29 personal financial decisions and, A40 risk management and, A18–A19 sources of coverage, A24–A25 types of, A25–A29 Insurance companies, 550 operation of, A22 private, A25 public, A24–A25 shifting risk to, A21 Intacct, 529–530 Integrated marketing communications (IMC), 429 accentuating product’s value and, 432 differentiating products and, 431–432 increasing/stabilizing sales and, 432 promotional mix and, 430 promotional strategies and, 431–432 providing information for, 431 Integrity, 42–43 Intel, 233, 256, 399, 436, 544, 582, 583, 585 Intellectual property, 118–119, A13 Intensive distribution, 415 Interactive Distance Learning Network (ITV), 494 Internal data, 364 Internal locus of control, 198 International accounting, 523–525 International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), 524 International business See World marketplace International economic communities, 123 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), 524–525 International Franchise Association, 163 International law, A4 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 108, 123, 125, 546 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 338–339, 342 International regulations, 119–120 International Space Station, 183 International trade See Trade Subject Index binsub.indd 21 I-21 17/09/11 2:44 PM International union, 273 Internet, 96, 126, 133 See also E-businesses; Web sites accounting process and, 508–510 advertising and, 382–383, 439–440 banks, 548 censorship and, 223–224 Chinese market, 131 convergence of television and, 424 copyrights and, A13–A14 to find/compare suppliers, 331 fraud on, 64 games, 188 Groupon company, 130, 131 intellectual property violations on, 118–119 Interactive Distance Learning Network and, 494 international trade research resources on, 126 job recruiting and, 255–257 job-search sites on, A59–A60 legislation and, A9–A10 misuse of, 43 monitoring employees’ use of, 483 online television and, 424 outsourcing via, 22 privacy issues related to, 17, 18 search engine feature, shopping on, 344, 573 submitting online résumés using, A65 television over, 174 viral marketing on, 354, 433, 440 Vodafone in Egypt and, 117 VPNs and, 478–479 Zazzle and, 127 Internet advertising, 439–440 Internet Archive, Internet retailing, 408 Internships, 192, A55–A56 The Internship Bible (Princeton Review), A55 Interpersonal determinants, 375 Interviews, job, 220, A65–A69 Intranet, 478 Intrapreneurship, 205–206 Introduction, in business plans, 156 Introduction stage, 392 Inventory control, 331–332 Inventory management, 574 Investment-grade bonds, 538 Investment planning, A41 Investments, international direct, 130 Investors fraud, financial ruin and, 26 legislation protecting, A8–A9 private, 160 social and ethical responsibilities to, 63–64 stock markets and, 546 “Invisible hand” concept, Involuntary turnover, 265 iPad, 7, 9, 18, 102, 193, 230, 232, 319, 356, 391, 393, 415, 442, 450, 477, 480, 502, 567 I-22 binsub.indd 22 iPhones, 3, 4, 10, 12, 101, 298, 363, 391, 400, 403, 440, 455, 474, 475, 529 apps, 12, 192 entrepreneurs and, 10 Shopkick app, 467, 468 IPO See Initial public offering Isos (equal), 338 ISO Standards (International Organization for Standardization), 338–339 Italy, 87, 112, 125, 191 apparel manufacturing in, 343 banks in, 558 “Made in Italy” label, 120 J Japan, 87, 89, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 131, 132, 163, 179, 191, 273, 296, 477, 557 banks in, 558 Baskin-Robbins in, 163 business etiquette and culture in, 114 communication in, 296 countertrade and, 129 deflation in, 89 earthquake, foreign licensing in, 129 future of labor unions in, 276–277 Groupon company and, 131 healthy soft drinks and, 95 as high-context culture, 297 imported goods from, 106 labor unions in, 276–277 multinational corporations in, 131 osechi meals, 131 population of, 108 Shiseido and, 179–180 Tesla Motors and, 183 Theory Z and, 273 Toyota Motor Company in, 296 tsunami, Jewelers, 42 Jewelry, 186, 190, 230 Job enlargement/enrichment, 272 Job interviews answering and asking questions in, A67–A68 auditions as, 220 explanation of, A65–A69 making employment decisions and, A68–A69 tips for, A66–A67 Job market, fitting in, A69–A70 Job rotation, 272 Jobs alternative energy and creation of, 85 motivation and design of, 272 on-the-job training programs and, 258 satisfaction with, 61 security, 188–189 small businesses and creation of new, 150 Job search career centers and, A58 employment agencies and, A60 guidelines, A58–A61 other job opportunities and, A60–A61 preparing job credentials for, A58 using Internet, A59–A60 Job sharing programs, 22, 58, 264 Johnson & Johnson, 21, 25, 38, 45, 139, 228, 383–384, 398, 422, 448, 507, 577, 578, 585 “Join the Seventh Generation Nation,” 411 Joint ventures, 130, 175, 204 Joplin, tornado in, A18 Judiciary, A3 Junk bonds, 538–539 Just-in-time (JIT) system, 332–333 K Kaspersky Lab, 491 Katrina, Hurricane, 195, 358, A18 Kickbacks, 44 Kickbucks, 467 Kindle Reader, L Labels, 400–402 See also Brands Labor legislation, 274 Labor-management relations collective bargaining and, 274 competitive tactics and, 275–276 dispute resolution and, 274–275 explanation of, 273 labor legislation and, 274 labor unions and, 273–274, 276–277 Labor-Management Relations Act See Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act See LandrumGriffin Act of 1959 Labor pool, shrinking, 20–21 Labor unions collective bargaining and, 274 development of, 273–274 green construction and, 277 settling disputes with, 274–275 tactics used by and against, 275–276 Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 (Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act), 274 Languages See also specific languages barriers to trade and, 113–114 Census Bureau forms and, 471 mistranslation with, 114 Lanham Act, A13 LANs See Local area networks Latino Americans See Hispanics Law of large numbers, A23–A24 Laws, A4 See also specific laws of agency, A11 antitrust, A5–A6 of bailment, A12–A13 bankruptcy, A15–A16 consumer protection, A7 contract, A10 against cutthroat competition, 11 cyberspace and telecommunications protection, A9–A10 deregulation, A6 designed to ensure equal opportunity, 60 employee protection, A7–A8 international regulations and, 119–120 investor protection, A8–A9 Iroquois, 283 labor, 274 legal environment and, 117–119 outdated, A2 political climate and, 116–117 property, A12–A13 supply and demand, 77 tax, A16 of torts, A14 types of, A4–A5 Uniform Commercial Code and, A11–A112 Web sites for employment, 257 Lawsuits class-action, 56, 168, A15 for discrimination, 21, 256 frivolous, A2 pharmaceutical industry and, 383–384 Layoffs, 253, 266, 267 See also Downsizing Leadership ability to lead change, 24 creative, 23–24 ethical, 45, 47 General Electric’s, 234 managers and, 233–235 styles, 234–235 Lead levels, 336, 338 LearnVest, 573 LEED (Leadership in Environmental Engineering and Design), 228, 320, 321, 509, 536 Legal system, A3–A4 Legal work, outsourcing, A1 Legislation See Laws Leverage, 576–578 Leveraged buyouts (LBOs), 586 Leverage ratios, 517, 520–521 Liability, 507 Liability insurance, A26–A27 Licensing agreement, foreign, 129 Life insurance, 168 explanation of, A28 how much to have, A29 types of, A28–A29 Lifestyle centers, 413 Lifestyle entrepreneur, 189 Lifetime value of a customer, 377 Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, 260 Subject Index 17/09/11 2:44 PM Limited-function merchant wholesaler, 407 Limited-liability companies (LLCs), 169 Limit order, 546 Line-and-staff organizations, 241–242 Line organizations, 241 Liquidity ratios, 517, 518–519 Listening business etiquette for, 301 customer’s right to be hear and, 57 demotivation and, 261 managers and skills for, 222 oral communication and, 298–299, 300 Literacy programs, 54 Litigation tax, A2 LLCs See Limited-liability companies Loan officers, 595 Loans See also Financing banks/banking, 203 equipment, 155 from families and friends, 155 micro, 90, 158–159 mortgage, 155 motor vehicle, 155 owner, 155 Sam’s Club loan program, 533 short-term, 580–581 start-up, 203 women, small businesses and, 90 Local area networks (LANs), 476, 478 Local union, 273 Location, 323–325, 411–413 Lockheed Martin, 45 Locus of control, internal, 198 Lodging managers, 348 Logistics, 416–418 Long-term financing explanation of, 581 hedge funds and, 585 private equity funds and, 582–583 private placement as, 582 public sale of stocks and bonds as, 581–582 short-term funds and, 578 venture capitalists and, 582 Low-context cultures, 297 Loyalty brand, 398–399 customer, 16 employee, 22 truth and, 43 Lump-sum bonuses, 260, 261 Luxury brands, 423 M Macroeconomics, 72 capitalism and, 79–81 mixed market economies and, 83 socialism, communism and, 82 Magazines, 438 Maintenance factors, 269 Make, buy, or lease decision, 329–330 Makeup, specialized, 185 See also Cosmetics industry Malaysia, 106, 119, 120, 130, 163 Mall shopping, 412 Malware, 481–482 Managed care plan, A27–A28 Management, 218 See also Human resource management; Labor-management relations competitive tactics of labor unions and, 275–276 corporate, 173–174 crisis, 304–306 functions of, 221–222 hierarchy/levels of, 173, 218–220 inventory, 574 launching careers in, 347–348 new jobs for, 150 production and operations, 314–348 risk, 39, A20–A21 shortcomings, 153 skills for, 220–221 span of, 240 Management accountants, 496, 503–504 Management by objectives (MBO), 270–272 Management development programs, 258–259 Management information systems (MISs), 472 Management support systems, 472–473 Managers corporate officers and, 173–174 as decision makers, 231–233 as leaders, 233–235 motivation and attitudes of, 272–273 21st-century, 23–24 Mancessories, 151 Manufacturer-owned wholesaling intermediaries, 406 Manufacturers’ agents, 407 Manufacturer’s brand, 398 Manufacturers’ reps, 407 Manufacturing, 316 See also Production computer-aided design and, 322 computer-integrated, 322 green, 320–321 Mariposa botnet, 481 Marketable securities, 573 Market economy, 79 See also Capitalism; Private enterprise system Marketing affinity, 377–378 to boys, 370 cause, 359–360 cause-related, 55 customer-driven, 350–385 event, 359 explanation of, 352–353 frequency, 377 gone wrong, 383–384 Google Android, green, 19, 53–54 nontraditional, 357–360 not-for-profit, 356–357 one-on-one, 378 organization, 360 person, 358–359 place, 358 relationships, 375–378 to teenagers, 460 utility and, 354 viral, 354, 433, 440 Marketing concept, 355–356 Marketing era, 15, 355 Marketing intermediary, 402, 404–406 Marketing management, 463 Marketing mix, 362 for international markets, 363 pricing objectives and, 449–452 Marketing research, 364–366 Marketing research analysts, 463 Marketing sections, 156 Marketing strategies, 360 marketing mix for international markets and, 363 product life cycle and implications of, 394–395 product strategy and implications of, 391 target market selection and, 361–362 Market interest rate, 539 Market order, 546 Market penetration, A48–A49 Market segmentation business markets and, 373 demographic, 368–371 explanation of, 366–367 geographical, 368 operation of, 367 product-related, 372–373 psychographic, 371–372 Market surveillance, 557 Marysville Honda plant, 319 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 268–269, 272 Mass customization, 363 Mass production, 14, 318 Materials handling, 417 Materials requirement planning (MRP), 333 Matrix organizations, 242–243 Maturity stage, 393 Mayo Clinic, 285, 286 Mayor, 219 MBO See Management by objectives Measles-mumps-rubella vaccinations, 35 Media See also Advertising media; specific kinds of media parental controls and, 120 teenagers controlling, 460 Mediation, 275 Medical and health services managers, 348 Medicare/Medicaid, 44, 174, A25, A27 Men See also Boys education level of male business owners and, 12 salary disparity between women and, 63 Merchant wholesalers, 406 Mergers financial management and, 585–586 types of, 174–175 utility companies and, 19 Method, 200–201 Mexico, 15, 83, 108, 114, 129, 296, 371, 545 as high-context culture, 297 NAFTA and, 123–125, 373 offshoring in, 130 per-capita income of, 124 peso and, 111, 112, 524 retail chain stores in, 15 trade and, 106, 107, 109 Microeconomics, 72 factors driving demand and, 73–75 factors driving supply and, 76–77 interaction of supply/demand and, 77–78 Microloans, 90, 158–159 Micromanaging, 346 MICROS Systems, 490 Microwaves, 195 Middle East, 83, 118, 132, 563 Middleman, 402 Middle management, 219, 226, 347 Middle Tennessee Federal Credit Union, 564 Midwest, tornadoes in, A18–A19 Military helmets, 396 Millennials, 20, 240, 241, 265, 370, 423, 435 Minimum wage, 273 Minorities See also specific ethnicities affirmative action programs for, 256 demographic segmentation and, 371 discrimination against, 21, 61 microloans, small businesses and, 90 small businesses and, 54, 90, 160–162, 186, 191 small-business opportunities for, 54, 160–162 types of businesses owned by, 162 Miscommunication, 296, 302 See also Communication Missionary selling, 446 Mission statements, 227–228 Missouri, tornadoes in, A18 Mistranslation, 114 Mixed market economies, 83, 84 Mobile commerce, 12 MobilEdu, 175 Subject Index binsub.indd 23 I-23 17/09/11 2:44 PM Mobile phones See Smart phones Mobility, workforce, 22 Monetary policy explanation of, 91–92 Federal Reserve System and, 552–555 Money management, personal, A36, A37–A38 Money market instruments, 536–537 Monopolistic competition, 79, 80 Monopoly, 79, 80–81 Moral development, stages in, 40 Mortgage loan, 155 Mortgage pass-through security, 537 Mortgage Reform and Anti-Predatory Lending Act of 2007, A5 Mortgages, 88 Motivation, 267–273 demotivation and, 261 equity theory and, 270 expectancy theory and, 270 goal-setting theory, 270–272 Herzberg’s two-factor mode of, 269 job design and, 272 management by objectives and, 270–272 managers’ attitudes and, 272–273 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and, 268–269 process of, 269 top companies and, 268 Motivator factors, 269 Motor Carrier Act and Staggers Rail Act, A6 Motorola Droid, 101 Motor vehicle loan, 155 Mouse pad, heated, 397 Movies Blockbuster Video, 353, 356, 367 Netflix, 174, 351, 352, 367, 424, 437 streaming, 351, 367 Multidomestic business strategies, 132–133 Multimedia training, 258 Multinational corporation (MNC), 131 Multivitamins, 338 Mumps vaccination, 35 Municipal bonds, 537 Music, iPhone apps and, 192 Mutual funds, 551 N NAFTA See North American Free Trade Agreement NASA, 183 NASCAR, 71 Nasdaq Stock Market, 544, 545 National brand, 398 National debt, 94 National Environmental Policy Act, A7 National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act), 274 National union, 273 I-24 binsub.indd 24 Native Americans, 57, 283 Natural gas, 321 Natural resources, Navigation treaties, 119 Nearshoring, 22 Needleless injection technology, 35 Needs for achievement, 195 Maslow’s hierarchy of, 268–269 Negotiable instruments, A11–A12 Netbook, 474 Netflix movies, 174, 351, 352, 367, 424, 437 Netherlands, 108, 110, 112, 115, 125, 132, 191, 530 banks in, 558 multinational corporations in, 131 Network administrators, 496 Net worth, 535, A36–A37 New-product development See also Products stages in, 395–397 Newspapers, 437 The New Business Road Test: What Entrepreneurs and Executives Should Do Before Writing a Business Plan (Mullins), A50 New ventures See also Businesses; Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurship business plans for, 202 financing for, 203–205 government support for, 205 ideas for, 199–202 New York Giants, 490 New York Stock Exchange, 534, 543–544 Next-Generation 737s, 315, 316 Nexus One, 10 Noise-context cultures, in communication process, 297–298 Nokia, 101, 141, 175, 455, 474, 585 Nondepository financial institutions finance companies as, 551 insurance companies as, 550 pension funds as, 550 Nonpersonal selling, 430 Nonprogrammed decisions, 231–232 Nonstores retailers, 408–409 Nontariff barriers, 121 Nontraditional marketing, 357 cause marketing and, 359–360 event marketing and, 359 organization marketing and, 360 person marketing and, 358–359 place marketing and, 358 Nontraditional students, A69 Nonverbal communication, 299, 303–304 Norming, as team development stage, 294 North America, 11, 315, 373 See also specific countries North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 123–124 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), 373 Notebook computers, 478 Not-for-profit accountants, 504 Not-for-profit corporations, 170–171 Not-for-profit marketing, 356–357 Not-for-profit organizations, 5–7, 72, 195–196 Nuclear power, 19, 85, 100–101, 320, 322, 336, 477 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, A7 O Obama, Barack, 63 Obama’s economic stimulus package, 44 Obesity, childhood, 49–50 Objectives, 230 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 58, A8, A20 Odd pricing, 456 Offensive listening, 299 Office Internet Enforcement, 63 Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, 159 Officers See Corporate officers Offices, smart, 151 Offset agreement, 128 Offshoring, 22, 130 Oil industry, 132, 590–591, A5 Oil spills, 52, 77, 132, 448, 540 Oligopoly, 79, 80 On-demand computing, 485 One-on-one marketing, 378 Online banking, 548 See also Internet Online games, 188 Online shopping, 344, 573 OnStar, 394 On-the-job training, 258 OPCMIA See Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons International Association Open book management, 500–501 Open market operations, 554 Operating plans, 571 Operating system, 475 Operational planning, 225, 226 Operational support systems, 472 Operative Plasterers and Cement Masons International Association (OPCMIA), 277 Opportunities, 228, 229 Optimism, 195–196 Oral communication, 298–299, 300 Orchestra, mobile phones in, 192 Order processing, 417, 445 Organization chart, 238 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development AntiBribery Convention, 118 Organization marketing, 360 Organizations See also Businesses for business plans, A51 committee, 242 credo, 38, 45 delegation in, 240–241 departmentalization in, 238–239 family-friendly, 30 line, 241 line-and-staff, 241–242 matrix, 242–243 not-for-profit, 5–7, 72 qualities of admired, 25 role in shaping ethical conduct, 44–47 strategic alliances between, 16–17 structures, 236 top ten most admired, 25 Organizing, 221–222 sample chart for, 238 steps, 236 Osechi meals, 131 OSHA See Occupational Safety and Health Administration Outbound telemarketing, 446 Outdoor advertising, 438–439 Outer space services, 183, 186 Outsourcing, 22, 267, 330, A1 Overseas division, 130 Over-the-counter selling, 445 Owner loan, 155 Owners’ equity, 507 Ownership utility, 354 P Pacing programs, 206 Packages, labels and, 395, 400–402 Paid sick leave, 263 Paid time off (PTO), 264 Palm Treo, 101 Paper cups, 48, 400 Parental controls, 120 Partnerships See also Strategic alliances between employees and employers, 22 explanation of, 167–168 joint venture as, 175, 204 Part-time employees, 22 Pass-through taxation, 169 Patents, 151, 195, A13 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, A8 Pay See Compensation Pay discrimination, 260 Pay for knowledge, 260, 261 PayPal, 183, 186 PDAs See Personal digital assistants Penetration pricing, 452 Penicillin, 195 Pension funds, 550 Pension Protection Act, A8 Performance appraisals, 259 Performing, as team development stage, 294 Perpetual inventory, 332 Subject Index 17/09/11 2:44 PM Personal computers See Computers Personal determinants, 375 Personal digital assistants (PDAs), 474 Personal financial management career choice and, A37 credit cards and, A34 decisions, A37–A42 explanation of, A33 importance of, A33–A34 insurance and, A40 major purchases and, A40 model of, A35–A36 pitfalls of poor, A36 planning as aspect of, A34 setting goals for, A36–A37 student debt and, A31–A32 Personal financial planners, 596 Personal income, sluggish growth in, A33 Personal selling, 430, 444 publicity, public relations and, 448 steps in, 446–448 tasks of, 445–446 Personal space, 303–304 Person marketing, 358–359 Persuasive advertising, 436 PERT (program evaluation and review technique) chart, 335–336 Pet Airways, 461, 531 Pet industry See also Animals animal medications and, 174 boarding and daycare center in, 185–186 natural dog treats and, 209 product recalls and, 56 Pharmaceutical industry, 383–384 animal medications and, 174 detailers working in, 446 flexible manufacturing and, 323 television ads and, 431 Philanthropy See Corporate philanthropy Physical distribution, 402, 416–418 Physical exercise, 24 Physiological needs, 269 Picketing, 275–276 Place marketing, 359, 360 Place utility, 354 Plane crash, Flight 1549, 235 Planned economies, 82 Planned shopping center, 412 Planning contingency, 226 at different organizational levels, 226 explanation of, 224 as managerial function, 221 operational, 225 promotional, 432–434 strategic, 225, 227–231 tactical, 225 Plastic, shopping bags, 442 Point-of-purchase (POP) advertising, 443 Polite listening, 299 Politics international regulations and, 119–120 legal environment and, 117–119 political climate and, 116–117 Ponzi scheme, 26 Populations U.S., 20–21, 61–62, 95 world, 96, 107, 108, 137, 189 Portfolio managers, 596 Positioning, 431 Postconventional ethical stage, 40 Potential sales revenue, A49 Power See Leadership The Practice of Management (Drucker), 271 Preconventional ethical stage, 40 Preferred provider organizations (PPO), A28 Preferred stocks, 173, 540–541 Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, 60, 61 Premiums, 441, 550, A21, A26 Presentation, in sales process, 447 President’s Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, 234 Prestige pricing, 451–452 Price-level changes employment levels and, 90–91 measuring, 89–90 overview, 88–89 Prices/pricing, 449 See also Pricing strategy competitive, 455 discount, 454–455 everyday low, 454–455 marketing mix and objectives in, 449–452 to meet competition, 450 odd, 456 penetration, 454 prestige, 451–452 profitability and, 450 retailers and strategies for, 411 skimming, 454 verbal sound of, 456 volume and, 450 Price war, 450 Pricing strategy, 362, 428 advertising and, 434–441 alternatives, 454–455 breakeven analysis and, 452–453 competitive, 455 consumer perceptions of prices and, 455–456 everyday low and discount, 454–455 integrated marketing communications and, 429–434 penetration, 454 price determination and, 452 pricing objectives in marketing mix and, 449–452 pushing and pulling strategies with, 449 sales promotion and, 441–448 selection process, 411 skimming, 454 Primary data, 364 Primary demand, 428 Primary markets, 541 Primerica Inc., 542 Printing solutions, 323 PRINTVALUE, 323 Prison, 26, 35, 46, 505, 511 Privacy issues, 17, 18, 43 Privacy settings, 17–18, 153 Private brand, 398 Private employment agencies, A60 Private enterprise system alternative economic systems and, 84 basic rights, 10–11 capitalism, competition and, 79–81 entrepreneurship alternative and, 11–13 explanation of, 9–10 Private equity funds, 582–583 Private equity investments, 584 Private insurance companies, A25 Private investors, 160 Private placements, 582 Private property, 10, 11 Privatization, 83 Problem-solving teams, 290, 291 Process control systems, 472 Process departmentalization, 239 Process layout, 327–329 Product advertising, 434 Product departmentalization, 238–239 Product identification brand categories and, 398 brand equity and, 399–400 brand loyalty and, 398–399 brand-name selection and, 397–398 packages, labels and, 400–402 Production See also Manufacturing customer-driven, 319 flexible, 318–319 location for, 323–325 mass, 318 overview, 316 processes, 319–320 quality control and, 336–339 strategic importance of, 317–319 systems of, 317 technology and, 320–323 Production and operations management controlling production process in, 333–336 dispatching and, 335 facility layout decisions in, 327–329 follow-up and, 336 implementing production plan in, 329–333 overview, 316 planning to production process, 327 production planning and, 333–334 quality control in, 336–339 routing and, 334 scheduling and, 334–335 Production control, 333 Production era, 14–15 Production era, 355 Production facilities layout of, 327–329 location of, 323–325 Production managers, 326, 348 facility layout decision and, 327–329 implementing production plan and, 329–333 planning to production process and, 327 Production planning, 333–334 Production processes, 316, 319, 320–323 Productivity, 86–87 Product layout, 328, 329 Product liability, 55–56, A14 Product life cycle advertising and, 435–436 marketing strategy implications of, 394–395 new-product development and, 395–397 stages of, 392–393, 395–397 Product line, 391–392 Product manager, 400 Product mix, 391–392 Product placement, 432 Product-related segmentation, 372–373 Products accentuating value of, 432 biodegradable, 401 classification of, 388–389 differentiating, 431–432 with good design, 138–139, 250 green, 14, 17–20, 69, 200– 201, 210–211, 305, 306 identification of, 397–402 life cycle of, 392–397 lines, 391–392 mix, 391–392 recalls, 38, 56, 95, 291, 296, 304, 336, 448 Product strategy customer service and, 411 explanation of, 362, 388–389 goods, services and, 389–391 marketing strategy implications and, 391 product lines, product mix and, 391–392 Product usage rate, 372 Profitability objectives, 450 Profitability ratios, 517, 520 Profit-and-loss (P&L) statement, 512 Profits, 5, 11, 36 Profit sharing, 260, 261 Program manager, 219 Programmed decisions, 231–232 Promotion, 428 integrated marketing communications and, 429–434 sales, 441–448 Promotional mix, 430 Subject Index binsub.indd 25 I-25 17/09/11 2:44 PM Promotional planning, 432–434 Promotional strategy, 362 objectives of, 431–432 for retailers, 413 Property, A12–A13 Property and liability insurance, A26–A27 Property law, A12–A13 Prospecting, in sales process, 447 Psychographic segmentation, 371–372 PTO See Paid time off Public, 49–55 Public accountants, 495–496, 502–503 Public health, 49–50 Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, A7 Public insurance agencies, A24–A25 Publicity, 448 Publicly held corporations, 173 Public (government) ownership, 171 Public relations (PR), 463 personal selling and, 448 SeaWorld and, 310 Publishers, independent, 102–103, 425 Publishing industry, 451 Pulling strategy, 449 Purchasing managers, 348 Pure competition, 79–80 Pure risk, A20 Pushing strategy, 449 Q Qualifying, in sales process, 447 Quality explanation of, 336 ISO standards for, 338–339 of life for employees, 30, 58–59 of life with entrepreneurship, 189, 190 of workforce, 54 Quality control, 336–339 Quality-of-life issues, 281 for employees, 30, 58–59 entrepreneurship and, 189, 190 for families, 58 Quotas, 121 R Rack jobber, 406 Radio, 56, 436 Radio-frequency identification (RFID), 402, 417, 472 Railroad industry, 14, 171, 282 Raises, asking for, 266 Ratings, 538–539 Ratio analysis activity ratios for, 519–520 leverage ratios for, 517, 520–521 liquidity ratios for, 517, 518–519 major categories of, 517 I-26 binsub.indd 26 profitability ratios for, 517, 520 Raw materials, 390 Razors, Venus, 359 Reasoning, ethical, 44, 45 Rebates, 442 Recalls, 38, 56, 95, 291, 296, 304, 336, 448 Recession, 67, 85–86, 101–102, 444 See also Economic downturn/crisis business ethics impacted by, 38–39 executive-level misdeeds exposed by, 47 Recreation, 89 Recruitment finding qualified candidates, 255–256 selection and hiring process as aspect of, 255–257 steps in selection process and, 256 Recycling, 35, 36, 38, 48, 52 bicycles and, 360 biodiesel fuel and, 53 electronics, 52 paper cups and, 48 plastic shopping bags and, 442 Refresh Project, Pepsi, 354 Regional manager, 219 Regular dividend, 579 Regulated monopolies, 81 Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure), 63 Relationship era, 15–16, 355 Relationship management, technology and, 16 Relationship marketing, 375–378 Relief agencies, Religious beliefs, as barriers to trade, 114–115 Reminder-oriented advertising, 436 Renewable Electricity Standard (RES), 85 Renewable energy sources, 19, 38, 48, 53, 85, 138, 155, 228, 326, 330, 400, 477, 575 See also Energy RES See Renewable Electricity Standard Research See Marketing research Respondeat superior (let the master answer), A11 ResponseCard NXT, 161 Responsibility See Social responsibility Restrictive monetary policy, 92 Results-oriented résumé, A61, A64 Résumés, 220 building, A61–A65 chronological, A62 cover letters and, A64–A65 creating strong, A61–A64 embellishing, 43 explanation of, A61 finding qualified candidates and, 255 functional, A63 misrepresenting credentials on, 43 organizing, A61 results-oriented, A64 submitting online, A65 Résumés of principals, 156, A49 Retail clinics, 362 Retailer-owned cooperatives, 407 Retailers, 404, 407 clothing, 41–42 competition among, 410–413 nonstore, 408–409 store, 409–410 Retirement savings plans, 262, 573 Return on equity, 520 Revenue bonds, 537 Revolutionary War, 13 Rewards, 288–290, 511 RFID See Radio-frequency identification Rights, in private enterprise system, 10–11 Risk management, 39, A20– A21 Risk-return trade-off, 569 Risks assessment of, 156 avoiding, A20 insurable, A22 insurance claims and, A18–A19 insurance companies and shifting, A21 management of, 39, A20–A21 reducing, A20–A21 self-insuring against, A21 of whistle-blowing, 44 Robinson-Patman Act, A6 Robots, 321–322, 336, 337 Routing, 334 Royal Dutch Shell, 132, 577 Rubber, synthetic, 330 Rubella vaccinations, 35 Rule of indemnity, A22–A23 Runs, 549 Russia, 87, 96, 108, 110, 129, 163, 191, 234, 491, 530, 584 as emerging market, 563 global business strategies and, 132 legal environment in, 118 Mayo Clinic and, 285 oil industry in, 591 S Safety, 55–56, 58 Safety needs, 269 Salaries, 61, 260 See also Compensation; Wages computer-science graduates and starting, 495 executive pay and, 577 finance industry and starting, 595 women/men and disparity between, 63 Sales See also Personal selling creative selling and, 445–446 increasing, 432 missionary selling and, 446 order processing and, 445 process, 446–448 stabilizing, 432 telemarketing and, 446 Sales branches, 406 Sales era, 355 Sales law, A11 Sales office, 406 Sales promotion See also Promotion consumer-oriented, 441–443 personal selling and, 444–448 trade-oriented, 443–444 Sales representative, 463 Samples, 442–443 Sandwich generation, 58 San Francisco Giants, 427, 428, 429 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 39, 44, 63, 222, 223, 501, 505–506, 511, A8, A9 Satellite radio, 437 Satellites, surveillance, 183 Savings and loan associations, 549 Savings banks, 549–550 “Say for pay” voting, 577 SBIC See Small Business Investment Companies Scheduling, 334–335 Scooters, for disabled people, 198 S corporations, 168 search engine feature, Seasonal unemployment, 90–91 SeaWorld, 310 SEC See Securities and Exchange Commission Secondary data, 364 Secondary market, 543 Secret Acres, 425 Secured bonds, 537 Securities, 557 bonds as, 537–539 convertible, 541 fraud, 26 marketable, 573 money market instruments as, 536–537 public sale of, 581–582 stocks as, 539–541 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 26, 63 Securities Exchange Act, A8 Security analysts, 595–596 Security issues computers and, 198, 479–482 credit cards and, 40, 471 information systems and, 479–482 job security and, 188–189 smart phones and, 482 Sedum, 18 Seed capital, 203 Segmentation See Market segmentation Selective demand, 428 Subject Index 17/09/11 2:44 PM Selective distribution, 415 Self-actualization needs, 269 Self-confidence, 195–196 Self-financing, 203 Self-improvement industries, 150 Self-managed teams, 290, 291 Self-regulation, of securities markets, 557 Seller’s market, 355 Sell-off, 586 Sender, in communication process, 297 Serial entrepreneur, 186 Server, 474 Services, classification of, 391 Sexism, 57, 63 Sexual harassment, 39, 57, 62–63 Shapewear, for bellies, 151 Shazam, Sherman Act, 81, A6 Shipping, 68 Shopkick app, 467, 468 Shopping on Internet, 344, 573 malls, teens and, 412–413 weather and, 499 Shopping products, 389 Short-term funds commercial paper and, 581 explanation of, 579 federal funds and, 248 mixing long-term and, 578 short-term loans and, 580–581 trade credit as, 579–580 Short-term loans, 580–581 Shrimp industry, 77 Shrinking, 20–21 Singapore, 108, 323, 491, 563, 584 Skateboards, 210–211, 592–593 Skimming pricing, 454 Ski Report, Skunkworks project, 206 Sleeper Car (Ellsworth), 425 Small Business Administration (SBA), 157 Express Loan Program, 533 financial assistance from, 157–159 specialized assistance offered by, 159 web site, 159 Small businesses, 146 See also Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurship business plans for, 155–157 economic contributions of, 149–152 education level of owners of, 12 franchising and, 162–166 government regulation of, 154–155 inadequate financing and, 153–154 innovation in, 151–152 local assistance for, 159–160 major industries dominated by, 148 management shortcomings in, 153 new industries created by, 150–151 new job opportunities for, 150 reasons for failure of, 152–155 Sam’s Club loan program and, 533 SBA and, 157–159 social networking’s influence on, 210 sources of financing for, 155 success quiz for, 199 taxes, 155 typical ventures, 147–149 women and minorities in, 54, 90, 160–162, 186, 191 Small Business Investment Companies (SBICs), 159 Small Business Jobs Act of 2010, 150, 158 Smart-document technologies, 217 Smart Grid Business Unit, of Cisco, 519 Smart offices, 151 Smart phones, 10, 455, 474 See also Android; iPhones accounting process and, 510 augmented reality and, 12 China’s market for, 175 competition among makers of, 3, 101–102 eBay and, 12 GPS systems and, 3, 18, 101, 361, 393, 483 HP/Palm devices and, 567 innovation, 3, malware and, 482 MobilEdu and, 175 orchestra with, 192 security and, 482 streaming movies and, 351 Vodafone in Egypt and, 117 Social audits, 49 Social audits, 48 Social differences, 113–115 Social entrepreneur, 186 Socialism, 82, 84 Social media manners, 414 Social (belongingness) needs, 269 Social networking, 31, 32, 423 bad publicity and, 304, 306 business etiquette for, 17 job search etiquette using, 153 NBA and, 360 PepsiCo and, 354 privacy settings and, 17–18, 153 sales process and, 447 small businesses and influence of, 210 Web sites, 16, 18, 43, 67, 193, 229 Social responsibility, 47–48 See also Business ethics corporate philanthropy as, 39, 49, 54–55 to customers, 55–57 to employees, 57–63 environmental protection as, 51–53 to general public, 49–55 to investors/financial community, 63–64 as management philosophy, 25 public health as, 49–50 workforce development as, 54 Social Security, 83, 93, 155, 261, 471, 480, 528, 548, A16, A25, A28, A33, A34, A39, A41 Society for Human Resource Management, 257 Software, 96, 475–476 accounting, 529–530 antivirus, 482, 491 avionic, 187 businesses, 30, 161 computer-aided design, 322 computer-integrated manufacturing, 323 HP and, 567 IBM’s water-conservation, 118 information systems and computer, 475–476 for managing customer relationships, 378 MRP, 333 personal-finance, 197 rail shipping, 193–194 third-party, types of applications, 476 for writing business plans, A51 Software as a service (SaaS) movement, 485–486, 529–530 Solar energy, 17, 18, 53, 74, 85, 100, 140, 148, 150, 228, 325, 326, 403, 417, 477, 536 Sole proprietorship, 166–167 Solution, 196 South Africa, 108, 112, 137–138, 191, 226 Southern states, tornadoes in, A18–A19 Southwest Airlines, 237 Sovereign wealth funds, 583, 584 Soviet Union, 82, 88, 563 Space capsule, Dragon, 183 SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies), 183, 186, 582 Spain, 85, 112, 125, 132, 191 credit crisis in, 546 Mariposa botnet in, 481 multinational corporations in, 131 Q control in, 139 Spam, 438 Span of management, 240 Spas, 150, 212, 490 Specialty advertising, 443 Specialty products, 389 Speculative bonds, 538 Speculative risk, A20 Speedways, 71 Spin-off, 586 Sponsorship, 430, 440 Spyware, 482 Stakeholders, 47 Standardization, 363 Standardization strategy, 132 Standard of living, A33 Start-ups See also Entrepreneurship; Financing; New ventures funding used by entrepreneurs for, 203 venture capital firm for, 186 State employment agencies, A60 Statement of cash flows, 515–517 Statement of owners’ equity, 514–515 Statutory law, A4 “Stay Close to the Soul” motto, 145 Stealing, 43 Steroids, 50 Stethoscope, electronic, 206 Stimulus package, 44 Stockholders, 173, 204 Stock markets (exchanges) ECNs and future of, 545 foreign, 545 inflation’s influence on, 88 investor participation in, 546 Nasdaq, 544 New York Stock Exchange, 534, 543–544 other U.S., 545 Stock options, 288, 289–290 Stock ownership, 173 Stocks convertible securities and, 541 explanation of, 539–540 preferred, 540–541 public sale of, 581–582 Store atmospherics, 413 Store brands, 398, 459–460 Store retailers See Retailers Storming, as team development stage, 294 Strategic alliances, 16–17 Strategic planning, 226 explanation of, 225 implementing, 231 monitoring and adapting, 231 process, 227–231 steps in, 227 Strategic plans, 571 Streaming movies, 351, 367 Street vendors, 42 Strengths, 228, 229 Strikes, 226, 275, 282 Structural unemployment, 91 Students See also Education college debt and, A31–A32 credit cards and, A34 distance learning and, 494 nontraditional, A69 sugar intake and, 391 Zipcar and, 384–385, 492–493 Sub-brands, 15 Subcontracting, 129–130 Subprime mortgages, 538 Substance abuse, 50 SUBWAY, 165 Success, 188, 199, 220–221 The Successful Business Plan (Abrams), A50 Suggestion box, Supercomputers, 473 Subject Index binsub.indd 27 I-27 17/09/11 2:44 PM Supervisor, 219, 347 Supervisory (first-line) management, 219–220, 226, 347 Suppliers, 330–331 Supplies, 390 Supply factors driving, 76–77 forces of demand and, 73–78 interaction of demand and, 77–78 law of demand and, 77 Supply chain, 416 Supply curves, 76–77 Supreme Court, U.S., A3 age discrimination and, 61 discrimination and, 63 property laws and, A12–A13 Surfboard manufacturers, 145, 146 Surveillance satellites, 183 Sustainability index, 38 Sustainable practices, 228, 282–283, 384–385 in agriculture, 53, 196 in business, 48, 53, 151, 152, 180, 181, 592–593 entrepreneurs and, 190 SUVs electric, 183 hybrid, 462 Sweden, 41, 82, 125, 191 H&M in, 41 IKEA in, 66, 107, 372, 399, 490 Switzerland, 108, 110, 139, 191, 523 banks in, 558 as low-context culture, 297 SWOT analysis, 228–229, 231 Synchronous learning, 494 Synergy, 585 T Tablet software, Tablet technology, 16, 18, 474, 510, 567 See also Android; iPad Tactical planning, 225, 226 Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 (Labor-Management Relations Act), 274 Taiwan, 108, 109, 110, 112, 583 Target, 585 Targeted employment area, 205 Target markets, 361–362, 410–411 Tariffs, 119, 120 See also Taxes Tata Motors, 115, 116 Tata Nano, 115, 116 Taxes, 92 credits, 93, 205 deductions, 118 double taxation and, 168 incentives, 172 laws/litigation, A2, A16 pass-through taxation and, 169 planning, A39 small-business, 155 TD Bank, 536 I-28 binsub.indd 28 Team cohesiveness, 294–295, 311 Team diversity, 292–293 Team level, 292 Team norm, 295 Teams cohesiveness in, 294–295 conflict in, 295–296 development stages for, 293–294 diversity in, 292–293 Ernst & Young and, 293 explanation of, 290–292 level of, 292–293 Mayo Clinic and, 285, 286 size, 292 Windy City Fieldhouse and, 311 working in, 22 Technical support specialists, 496 Technology businesses and role of, 7–8 computer-aided design and manufacturing with, 322 computer-integrated manufacturing and, 323 creating jobs in, 161 flexible manufacturing systems, 322–323 green manufacturing process and, 320–321 innovation and, 7, 16, 205, 221, 583 managing relationships through, 16 robots and, 321–322 smart phones and, Teenagers, 20, 412–413, 460 Telecommunications, A9–A10 Telecommunications Act, A6 Telecommuters, 22, 58, 265 Telemarketing, 445, 446 Telemarketing Sales Rule, A10 Television as advertising media, 3, 56, 429, 436–437 cable, 81 convergence of Internet and, 424 direct-response, 440 Disney XD TV, 370 infomercials and, 179–180 over Internet, 174 pharmaceutical industry and ads on, 431 product placement on, 432–433 Temporary employees, 22 Tender offer, 585 Term auction facility, 554 Terrorism, 94, 96, 483 Tesla Motors, 183, 186 Tesla Roadster, 183 Testa Produce Inc., 402, 403 Test marketing, 396–397 Text-messaging etiquette, 188, 475 Theater, 415 Theories equity and expectancy, 270 goal-setting, 270–272 Herzberg’s two-factor mode of motivation, 269 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, 268–269 Theories, X, Y, Z, 273 “Think Microsoft Dynamics Think Infosys,” 485 Threats, 228, 229 360-degree performance review, 259 Thrift institutions, 549 Time utility, 354 Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964, 60, 256 Tobacco products, 49 Tolerance, 196, 198 Tombstone ad, 542 Toothpicks, bacon-flavored, 151 Top management, 219, 226, 347 See also Chief executive officer Tornadoes, 140, 212, 346, 359, 462, 494, 594, A18–A19, A20 Torts, A14 Total cost, 452 Total productivity, 87 Total revenue, 452 Toyota Motor Company, 15, 25, 141, 183, 291, 296, 304, 305, 306, 319, 576 Trade, 59, 117, 121, 124, 129, 155, 443–444, 565, 569, 579–580 going global with, 125–131 international accounting standards and, 524–525 measures of, 110–112 organizations promoting international, 122–123 overview, 106 reasons for, 107–110 Trade barriers economic differences and, 115–116 political/legal differences and, 116–120 reducing, 121–125 social/cultural differences and, 113–115 types of restrictions, 120–121 Trade credit, 155, 579–580 Trade deficit, 110 Trademarks, 397, A13 Trade promotion, 443 Trade shows, 444 Trade surplus, 110 Training programs classroom and computer-based, 258 explanation of, 257–258 management development and, 258–259 on-the-job, 258 Transaction management, 15 Transaction processing systems, 472 Transparency, 228, A9 Transportation comparison of modes of, 418 consumer price index and, 89 as factor in production-facility location, 323–325 for people with disabilities, 198 Zipcar and student, 384–385, 492–493 Treasurer, 569 Treasury bills/bonds/notes, 94 Trees, Meyer Wells and, 190 Trends, 193–194, 484–486 Trial courts, A3 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 58 Trojan horse, 481–482 Trucking industry, 418 Trucking parts manufacturer, 332 Truth, 42, 43 Truth in Lending Act, A5 T-shirts, durable, 189 Tsunami, TurningKey, 161 Turning Technologies, 160, 161 Turnover rates, employee, 30 Turtle Wax Ltd., 333 Twin Creeks Technologies, 325, 326 Twitter, 31, 32, 67, 153, 193, 196, 210, 229, 297, 310, 353, 354, 358, 360, 365, 369, 413, 414, 415, 429, 436, 439, 460, 481, 492, 502 Two-factor model of motivation (Herzberg), 269 U UCC See Uniform Commercial Code Underwriting, 543, 582, A22 Underwriting discount, 582 Unemployment insurance, A24 Unemployment rate, 90 UNH See University of New Hampshire Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), A10, A11–A112 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994, 60, A8 Uniform Partnership Act, 167 Unions See Labor unions United Kingdom, 87, 108, 109, 112, 117, 125, 131, 132, 191, 258, 343, 398, 558, 575 Enterprise UK in, 191 Industrial Revolution in, 13–14 legal environment in, 118 rail strikes in, 282 Zipcar in, 492 United States business history in, 13–16 childhood obesity in, 49–50 employment rate in, 90–91 federal budget, 93–94 future of labor unions in, 276–277 glassmaking in, 122 gross domestic product of, 87 Subject Index 17/09/11 2:44 PM legal environment in, 117–119 as low-context culture, 297 minimum wage in, 273 as most litigious society, A2 not-for-profit organizations in, 6–7, 356 paid sick leave in, 263 personal space in, 303–304 population, 20–21, 61–62, 95 savings rate in, 534–535 states with highest rate of entrepreneurial activity in, 189 telecommuting in, 22 trade in, 109, 110–111, 121, 129 trucking industry in, 418 vacation time in, 58–59 UNIVAC I, 473 Universal product code (UPC), 402 University of Michigan, A31 University of New Hampshire (UNH), 384–385 Unlimited potential, 186 Upholstery cleaning businesses, 165 “Up-or-down” votes, 577 Uranium, 100 Urbanspoon, U.S Airways Flight 1549, 23, 235 U.S Census Bureau, 12, 21, 29, 30, 63, 99, 107, 108, 111, 148, 167, 368, 471, 473, 475, A54 U.S Court of Claims, A3 U.S Green Building Council, 321, 403 U.S Internal Revenue Service, 6, 167, 168, 501, 503, 594, A39 U.S Patent and Trademark Office, 200 U.S Tax Court, A3 U.S Treasury bills/bonds/notes, 94 USA Patriot Act, A5, A6 Utility, 316, 354 Utility computing, 485 V Vacation time, 58–59 Vaccinations, 35, 362, 435 Values accentuating product’s, 432 as barriers to trade, 114–115 ethical, 37 Variable costs, 452 Vendor-managed inventory, 332, 417 Venture capital, 203 Venture capitalists, 160, 204–205, 582 Verbal communication See Oral communication Verbal sound, of prices, 456 Vertical merger, 174 Veterinary immunodiagnostics, 174 Vice president for financial management, 569 Videogame industry, 73, 238, 396, 433 Videos Blockbuster Video, 353, 356, 367 Netflix, 174, 351, 352, 367, 424, 437 Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustment Act of 1974, 60, 61 Violations ethics compliance programs and, 36, 39 Internet and intellectual property, 118–119 Viral marketing/advertising, 354, 433, 440 Virginia, tornadoes in, A19 Virtual offices, 485 Virtual private networks (VPNs), 478–479 Virtual teams, 290, 291–292 Viruses, 480, 481, 491 Vision company’s mission and founder’s, 156 of entrepreneurs, 194–195 ethical standards and, 222–224 explanation of, 23 Vitamins, 338 Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, 60 VoIP (voice over Internet protocol), 174, 476, 479 Volkswagen, 174, 325, 342, 437 Volume objectives, 450 Voluntary turnover, 265 Volunteerism, 55, 285, 356 W Wages, 48, 260 See also Compensation disparity between highest and lowest, 54, 261 by educational level, A54 payable, 507 Wagner Act See National Labor Relations Act of 1935 WANs See Wide area networks Warehousing, 417 Warranties, 418, A11 Water-borne diseases, 358 Water conservation, 118, 321, 358 Weaknesses, 228, 229 The Wealth of Nations (Smith), Weather, shopping patterns and, 499 Web sites American Management Association, 348 angel investors, 205 business associations and organizations, A51 business plans, A50 career, A56 Census Bureau, 471 company job-listings, 255 creating business plans, 202 credit counseling, A39 currency converter, 112 discrimination awareness, 63 Edgar online, 556 employment law, 257 entrepreneurial, 184 finance careers, 596 green, 152 information systems and accounting career, 496 IRS, A39 patent and trademarks, 200 for small businesses, 159 social networking, 16, 18, 43, 67 workplace safety, 58 for writing business plans, A50 Wheeler-Lea Act, 56, A6 Wheel of retailing, 409–410 Whistle-blowing explanation of, 43–44 rewards for, 511 risks, 44 securities fraud and, 26 White-collar crime, 46 Wholesalers, 404 independent intermediaries, 406–407 manufacturer-owned intermediaries, 406 retailer-owned cooperatives, buying offices and, 407 Wide area networks (WANs), 476–477 Widgets, 439 WiFi See Wireless Fidelity Wi-Max, 478 Wind power, 53, 74, 85, 148, 228, 403, 477, 536 Wind turbines, 85 Windy City Fieldhouse (WCF), 311 Wireless devices, business etiquette and, 475 Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 477–478 Wireless Local Networks, 477–478 Wisconsin, tornadoes in, A19 Women affirmative action programs for, 256 chief executive officers, 179– 180, 217 chief operating officers, 312, 344–345 cultural gender roles and, 95 discrimination against, 61 education level of female business owners and, 12 entrepreneurs, 189 microloans, small businesses and, 90 purchasing power of, 369 salary disparity between men and, 63 small-business opportunities for, 54, 90, 160–162, 186, 191 venture capitalists and, 205 volunteering and, 356 Walmart and, 54 in workforce, 54, 58–59, A70 Wonderlic Basic Skills Test, 257 Wood design, 190 Workers’ compensation, 155, A25 Workforce aging, shrinking labor pool and, 20–21, 61–62 changes in, 20–22 creativity in, 22 developing quality of, 54 development as social responsibility, 54 diversity in, 21, 54 flexibility/mobility of, 22 innovation through collaboration and, 22 outsourcing, changing nature of work and, 22 teenagers in, 20 women in, 54, 58–59, A70 Workplace age discrimination in, 57, 61–62, A7 death in, 58 equal opportunity in, 59–61 sexism in, 57, 63 sexual harassment in, 57, 62–63 Workplace safety, 58 Work teams, 290 World Bank, 93, 122–123, 125 World marketplace absolute and comparative advantage in, 109–110 barriers to trade in, 113–121 business strategies and, 131–133 corporations and, 131 going global and, 125–131 international asset management and, 575 measuring trade in, 110–112 overview, 106 reasons to trade in, 107–110 reducing barriers to trade in, 121–125 size of, 107–108 World Series, 427 World Trade Organization (WTO), 122, 126, 136, A4 World War II, 15, 122 Worms, 481 Written communication, 299, 300 Wyndham Hotels and Resorts, 471 Y Yoga, 30, 31, 99, 150, 190, 295 Yogurt, Chobani Greek, 320 Z Zappos, 210, 221, 240, 268, 344, 369, 431 Zazzle, 127 Zipcar, 384–385, 492–493 Subject Index binsub.indd 29 I-29 17/09/11 2:44 PM International Index A Absolute advantage, 109–110 Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA), 583, 584 Abu Dhabi sovereign wealth fund, 584 Accountants, 110, 500 Accounting, 523, 524–525, 530 Acquisition, 130 Adaptation strategy, 132–133 Addis Ababa, 115 ADIA See Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Advertising, on Facebook, 382–383 Africa, 82, 115 cause-related marketing and, 67 Ford Figo and, 105 international fiscal policy and, 93 packages and labels in, 400–401 Agreements, 129 Air Canada, 83 Airline industry, 83 See also specific airlines Alaska, 584 Albania, 343 Alghanim family, 127 Alghanim Sons Group, 127 Allstate Insurance, 110 Amazon.com, 133 American Management Association, 348 Apparel manufacturing, 120, 343 Arabic language, 113 Argentina, 123, 137–138, 191 ASEAN See Association of South East Asian Nations Asia, 83, 96, 111, 129 Boeing Next-Generation 737s and, 315 design industry in, 139 as emerging market, 563 Groupon company and, 131 as high-context culture, 297 international trade in, 107 Internet growth in, 96 surfboard manufacturing and, 145 Asia Inc., 126 Asia Minor, 109 Asian Americans, 21, 162, A69 Asia-Pacific countries, 105 ASP Global Services (ASPGS), 529, 530 Assets, 575 Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), 123 I-30 bIndex.indd 30 Astronaut travel, 183 Atlantis resort, 377 Australia, 83, 163, 335, 524 barriers to international trade in, 113 Boeing Next-Generation 737s and, 315 demand for accountants in, 110 dollar in, 112 IBM global research laboratory in, 109 outsourcing to, 267 uranium and nuclear energy in, 100 Austria, 112, 125, 191, 297 Austrian Info Systems GmbH, 491 Austrian National Tourist Office, 491 Automobile industry, 394, 431–432 See also specific car makers Ford Figo and, 105, 106 plug-in hybrid cars and, 157–158 process layout and, 329 Avon Global Ambassador, 357 B Bahamas, 377 Balance-of-payments deficit, 110 Balance-of-payments surplus, 110 Balance sheet hedge, 575 Banco Santander, 132 Bangladesh, 108 Bank of America, 132, 557, 558 Bank of Canada, 558 Bank of England, 558 Bank of Japan, 558 Banks/banking, 132, 558–559 See also specific banks Bare Escentuals, 179–180 Baskin-Robbins, 163 BBC, 105, 292, 293, 424 BDO (Binder Dijker Otte & Co.) International, 530 BDO Seidman, 530 Beauty care products, 179–180 Beijing, 95, 363, 491 Belgium, 112, 125, 191, 558 Bell Canada, 139 Bengali language, 137 Bhati Beads, 190 Blogs, 16 BMB Clothing, 343 BNP Paribas SA, 558 Boeing Next-Generation 737s, 315, 316 Bolivia, 123 Bombings, 96 Bosnia, 116 Botnet, 481 BP (British Petroleum), 52, 77, 132, 448, 540 Brand names, 397–398 Brazil, 106, 108, 109, 112, 123, 191 as emerging market, 563 GEW and, 191 gross domestic product of, 87 Haiti’s debt relief from, 123 hand gestures in, 114 PharmaJet injector, 35 Brewery, 523 Bribes, 118 Brisco, 112 British Airways, 226, 276 British Petroleum (BP), 132 Brunei, 108 Buddhism, 114 Buick, 394 Bulgaria, 120, 125, 343 Burberry, 423 Burson-Marsteller, 266 Businesses strategies for, 131–133 team diversity and, 293 Business ethics, 223–224 Business etiquette for international travel, 95 for understanding Japanese culture, 114 C Cable and Wireless, 569 CAFTA–DR See Central America–Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement Campbell’s Soup, 233, 234 Canada, 87, 108, 109, 111, 163, 259, 530, 545 credit-card security breach in, 40 exported goods to, 106 geographical departmentalization in, 239 Halogen Software in, 259 IFRS in, 524 international unions and, 273 NAFTA and, 123–124, 373 oil industry in, 591 PetSmart in, A4 place marketing in, 359 uranium and nuclear energy in, 100 wholesaling in, 406 Zipcar in, 492 Canadian Airlines International, 83 Candy, 117 Carbon footprints, 68 Cargoshell, 68 Cargo transport, outer space, 183 the Caribbean, 83 Cause-related marketing, 67 Cell phones Nokia’s, 455 Vodafone, 10 Censorship, 120, 223–224 Central African Republic, 358 Central America–Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA–DR), 124 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 126 Chevron, 132 Children, 49–50, 120 Chile, 123, 191, 559 China, 82, 87, 94–95, 109, 113, 129, 132, 163, 191, 234, 296, 323, 335, 363, 394, 557, 583, 584 advertising in, 434 apparel manufacturing in, 343 banks in, 558 Baskin-Robbins in, 163 Campbell’s Soup in, 234 as center of technology industry, 583 communication in, 296 communism in, 82 cookie market, 113 countertrade and, 129 demand for accountants in, 110 economy in, 96, 115, 563 entrepreneurs in, 189 fabrics from, 120 Facebook and, 224 flexible manufacturing system in, 323 gift-giving in, 114 global business strategies and, 132 golf, business and law in, 113 Google and business ethics in, 223–224 gross domestic product of, 108 Groupon company and, 131 International Index 23/08/11 12:57 PM Hong Kong, accounting and, 523 huilu in, 118 ICBC in, 132 international law and, 119, A4 Internet market in, 131 Karma car in, 158 Kraft in, 113 legal environment in, 118 marketing mix and, 363 Mayo Clinic and, 285 MobilEdu in, 175 mobile phone market in, 175 offshoring in, 22, 130 oil industry in, 591 outsourcing and, 22 population of, 107, 108, 137, 189 quality control in, 337–338 retail chain stores in, 15 scheduling programs in, 335 silk production in, 109 vitamins from, 338 China Daily, 523 China Economic Review, 523 China Electric Motor, Inc., A4 China Investment Corporation, 584 China SAFE Investment Company, 584 Chinese Grand Automotive Group, 158 Chinese language, 113, 471 Chocolate, 117 CIA See Central Intelligence Agency CIM, 323 Citibank, 110, 558 Clifford Chance, A1 Clothing manufacturing, 120, 343 The Coca-Cola Company, 281, 523, 575 Cocoa, 53, 117 Coffee industry, 32, 565 Colombia, 191, 565 Colors, symbology of, 114 Commerce treaties, 119 Common law, A4 Common market, 123 Communication, 296–298, 297 Communism, 82 Comparative advantage, 109–110 Computers, 119, 120 See also Internet Computer viruses, 481, 491 Congo, 116 ConocoPhillips, 590–591 Consumers, 11 Cookie market, 113 Copyrights, A13 Corporate Knights, 18 Corporate philanthropy, 137–138 Corporations, 16, 131 Corruption Perceptions Index, 118 Costa Rica, 32, 124, 565 Countertrade, 128–129 Covalence Ethical Rankings, 132 CPA Global, A1 Credit cards, 40 Credit crisis, 546 Croatia, 125, 191 Cuba, 121 Cultural differences, 113–115 Currency conversion, 116 Customers, 11, 16 See also Consumers Customs union, 123 Cutthroat competition, 11 Cyprus, 125 Czech Republic, 125, 563 D Daimler, A.G., 118 Deflation, 89 Demographic segmentation, 371 Denmark, 68, 82, 85, 115, 125, 191 Deutsche Bank, 193 Direct exporting, 128 Direct investment, international, 130 Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA), 51 Distribution channels, 414 Diversity, 21 Dlush Beverage Joints, 127 Doha Round talks, 122 Dominican Republic, 124, 191 Domino’s Pizza, 129 Dragon space capsule, 183 DTCA See Direct-to-consumer advertising Dubai, 563 Dumping, 121 E Earthquakes, 6, 55, 93, 123, 358 easyGroup, 415 Economic differences, 115–116 Egg PLC, 133 Egypt, 114, 117, 563 Electric SUVs, 183 Electronic waste, 53 El Salvador, 124 Embargo, 121 Emerging markets, 563 Emirates, 570 Employment rates, 90–91 England, 117, 239, 367, A4 See also Great Britain English language, 113 Enterprise UK, 191 Entrepreneurs, 11, 189, 191 ESPN, 139 Estonia, 125 Ethical leadership, 47 Ethiopia, 115, 137–138 Etiquette See Business etiquette ET-Zig Wheels award, 105 Euro, 111, 112 Europages, 126 Europe, 10, 11, 83, 107, 111, 116, 191, 318, 329, 343 Boeing Next-Generation 737s and, 315 Burson-Marsteller in, 266 cell phone makers in, 10 copyrights in, A13 electronic recycling in, 52 freedom of choice in, 11 future of labor unions in, 276–277 Groupon company and, 131 interactive design industry in, 139 Internet growth in, 96, 133, 424 labor unions in, 276–277 personal space in, 303–304 Tesla Motors and, 183 Walt Disney theme parks in, 111 European Alliance, 414 European Central Bank, 558 European Commission, 414 European Financial Stability Facility, 542 European New Car Assessment Program, 431 European Union (EU), 42, 343, 524 countertrade and, 129 credit crisis in, 546 euro in, 111, 112 explanation of, 125 gross domestic product of, 87 IFRS in, 524 paid vacation time in, 115 tariffs imposed by, 120 Exchange controls, 121 Exchange rates, 111–112, 524 Exporters, 128 Export management company, 128 Exports, 106, 110–111 ExxonMobil, 132 F Facebook, 137, 224, 382–383 Factors of production, 107 Fair trade, 117, 565 Federal Express, 110 Figo, 105, 106 Financial systems, 557–559, 563 Finland, 112, 125, 139, 191 automobile industry in, 157–158 socialism in, 82 Fishing industry, 77 Fisker Automotive, 157–158 Flexible manufacturing system (FMS), 322–323 Floating exchange rates, 112 Food services, 373 Ford Figo, 105, 106 Ford India, 105 Ford Motor Company, 105, 106, 139 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 118, 505 Foreign currency market, 112 Foreign licensing agreement, 129 former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 125 Franc, 125 France, 108, 109, 125, 191, 545 banks in, 558 copyrights in, A13 euro in, 112 free enterprise in, 83 gross domestic product of, 87 Haiti’s debt relief from, 123 international regulations and, 120 legal environment in, 118 socialism in, 83 Franchises/Franchising, 129, 163 Freedom of choice, 11 Free enterprise, 83 Free-trade area, 123 French national railroad, 133 Friendship treaties, 119 Ftuan.com, 131 G G7 countries, 123 Gatwick Airport, 415 GDP See Gross Domestic Product Gender roles, 95 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 122, 125 General Electric, 132 Generation Y, 423 Geographical departmentalization, 239 Germany, 87, 109, 112, 125, 325, 417, 557 accounting in, 530 apparel manufacturing in, 343 banks in, 558 copyrights in, A13 Daimler in, 118 geographical departmentalization in, 239 imported goods from, 106 international regulations and, 120 International Index bIndex.indd 31 I-31 23/08/11 12:57 PM Germany (continued ) legal environment in, 118 as low-context culture, 297 Q control in, 139 renewable energy sources and, 85 GEW (Global Entrepreneurship Week), 191 Ghana, 128 Gifts, 114 Global business strategies, 132 Global Entrepreneurship Week (GEW), 191 Global Fund, 67 Global Innovation Outlook report, 119 Global Plus, 343 Golf, 113 Google, 137, 223–224 Government of Singapore Investment Company, 584 The Government Pension Fund of Norway, 584 Grazia, 190 Great Britain, 120, 239, 367, 424, 530, A4 See also United Kingdom citizens of, 115 countertrade and, 129 hand gestures in, 114 international trade in, 107 nuclear energy in, 100 Greece, 112, 125, 191, 343, 415 credit crisis in, 546 hand gestures in, 114 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 106, 108, 124 Groupon, 130, 131 Guatemala, 124, 129, 358 Gulf of Mexico BP, 52, 77, 132, 448, 540 H Haiti, 123 earthquake in, 55, 93, 123, 358 international fiscal policy and, 93 Mayo Clinic and, 285 Halogen Software, 259 Hand gestures, 114 Handshakes, 95, 114, 197, 297 Hard currencies, 112 Health care, 35 Helsinki, 545 High-context cultures, 297 Hindi language, 137 Hindustani language, 113 Hispanics, 21, 63, 162, 207, 358, 371, A69 H&M, 41–42 I-32 bIndex.indd 32 Holland Car Plc, 329 Honda, 72, 319, 437, 462, 576 Honduras, 35, 106, 124 Hong Kong, 108, 191, 524, 545, 563 China, accounting and, 523 Google in, 223, 224 IFRS in, 524 Monetary Authority Investment Portfolio, 584 HSBC Holdings, 132 Hungary, 125, 191 Hybrid cars, 138, 157–158, 462 Hyundai, 72, 437 I IASC See International Accounting Standards Committee IBM global research laboratories, 109 water management, 119 ICBC, 132 Iceland, 125, 191 IFRS See International Financial Reporting Standards IKEA, 66, 107, 372, 399, 490 IMF See International Monetary Fund Importers, 128 Imports, 106, 110–111 India, 47, 82, 87, 94, 107, 108, 110, 112, 115, 130, 191, 296, 367, 524, 559 apparel manufacturing in, 343 as center of technology industry, 583 as emerging market, 563 flexible manufacturing system in, 323 Ford Figo and, 105 global business strategies and, 132 Google and Facebook in, 137 growth of software industry in, 96 as high-context culture, 297 Nokia in, 455 offshoring in, 22, 130 outsourcing legal work to, A1 population of, 107, 108, 137 software industry in, 96 Tata Motors in, 115, 116 women entrepreneurs in, 186 India Today Group, 105 Indirect exporting, 128 Indonesia, 108, 116, 130 Industrial Revolution, 13–14, 15 Infrastructure, 115 InnovCenter, 478 INT, 343 Intel Corporation, 583 Intellectual property, 118–119 International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), 524 International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), 524–525 International economic communities, 123 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), 524–525 International fiscal policy, 92–93 International Franchise Association, 163 International law, A4 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 108, 123, 125, 546 International Organizations for Standardization (ISO), 338–339 International Space Station, 183 International union, 273 Internet, 96, 126, 133 Chinese market, 131 games, 188 Groupon company, 130, 131 intellectual property violations, 118–119 online television and, 424 television over, 174 Vodafone in Egypt and, 117 Zazzle and, 127 Investments, 130 Ireland, 108, 110, 112, 125, 191, 239 Iroquois, 283 Islam, 115 ISO See International Organizations for Standardization Isos (equal), 338 Israel, 191 Italy, 87, 112, 125, 191 apparel manufacturing in, 120, 343 banks in, 558 “Made in Italy” label, 120 J Japan, 87, 89, 106, 108, 109, 111, 112, 131, 132, 163, 179, 191, 273, 296, 477, 557 banks in, 558 Baskin-Robbins in, 163 business etiquette and culture in, 114 communication in, 296 countertrade and, 129 deflation in, 89 earthquake, foreign licensing in, 129 future of labor unions in, 276–277 Groupon company and, 131 healthy soft drinks and, 95 as high-context culture, 297 imported goods from, 106 labor unions in, 276–277 multinational corporations in, 131 osechi meals, 131 population of, 108 Shiseido and, 179–180 Tesla Motors and, 183 Theory Z and, 273 Toyota Motor Company in, 296 tsunami, JETCAM, 334 Jewelry, 190 Joint ventures, 130 JPMorgan Chase, 557, 558 K Kansai International Airport, 477 Karma car, 157–158 Kaspersky Lab, 491 Kazakhstan, 100, 191 Kellogg’s, 139 Korea See North Korea; South Korea Korean language, 471 Kosovo, 343 Kraft, 113, 129 Kuwait, 127, 584 L Labor unions, 276–277, 282 Languages See also specific languages barriers to trade and, 113–114 Census Bureau forms and, 471 Latin America, 132, 297, 563 gift-giving in, 114 personal space in, 303–304 Latvia, 125, 191 Laws, 11, 116–120 Leadership, 217 Legal work, outsourcing, A1 Licensing agreement, foreign, 129 Lijjat Papad, 186 Lira, 125 Lithuania, 125 London Olympics, 359 London School of Economics, A57 London Stock Exchange, 540, 545 Lonza, 338 Low-context cultures, 297 Lukoil, 591 Luxembourg, 108, 112, 125 International Index 23/08/11 12:57 PM M Macedonia, 125, 343 Macedonian Competitiveness Project, 343 “Made in Italy” label, 120 Maersk, 68 Malayalam language, 137 Malaysia, 106, 119, 120, 130, 163 Malta, 125 manroland AG, 323 Manufacturing, 322, 323, 343 Marange diamond fields, 42 Marketing, 67, 359, 363 Marketing mix, 363 Maruti-Suzuki, 105 Matsushita, 130 Mayo Clinic, 285, 286 McDonald’s, 110, 258, 374, 575 Media, 120 Mercedes Benz, 15, 399 MERCOSUR customs union, 123 Metro Group, 417 Mexico, 83, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114, 296, 545 demographic segmentation in, 371 Domino’s Pizza in, 129 as high-context culture, 297 NAFTA and, 123–124, 125, 373 offshoring in, 130 per-capita income of, 124 peso and, 111, 112, 524 trade in, 106, 107 MICROS-Fidelio, 490 Microsoft, 139 MICROS Systems, 490 Middle East, 83, 118, 132, 563 Millennials See Generation Y Mining, 100–101 MNC See Multinational corporation MobilEdu, 175 Monaco, 334 Monsoon, 343 Morinaga, 129 Mota-Engil, 478 Multidomestic business strategies, 132–133 Multinational corporation (MNC), 131 Multivitamins, 338 Mumbai, 545 Muslims, 115 N NAFTA See North American Free Trade Agreement Nano car, 105, 115, 116 Nanotechnologies Corporation, 542 NASA, 183 Nasdaq Stock Market, 544 National Social Security Fund of China, 584 Native Americans, 57, 283 Navigation treaties, 119 Nearshoring, 22 Nestlé, 117, 523, 575 Netherlands, 108, 110, 112, 115, 132, 191 accounting in, 530 banks in, 558 EU and, 125 multinational corporations in, 131 Network Rail, 282 New York Stock Exchange, 534, 543–544 New Zealand, 51, 113 Next-Generation 737s, 315, 316 Nicaragua, 124 Nigeria, 74, 108 Nokia, 101, 141, 175, 455, 474, 585 Nontariff barriers, 121 North America, 11, 315, 373 See also specific countries North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 123–124, 125, 373, 524, A4 North Korea, 82 Norway, 108, 191, 584 Not-for-profit organizations, 6–7, 195–196, 356–357 Nuclear energy, 100–101 Numbers, meaning of, 114 O Offset agreement, 128 Offshoring, 22, 130 Oil industry, 132, 590–591 Oil spills, 52, 77, 132, 448, 540 Okitex, 343 Olympics, London, 359 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development AntiBribery Convention, 118 Orkut, 137 Osaka, 477 Osechi meals, 131 Outer space services, 183, 186 Outsourcing, 22, 267, 330 Overseas division, 130 P Pacific Bridge Medical, 129 Packages and labels, 400–401 Pakistan, 47, 108, 336, 523 Panasonic Automotive, 130 Pangea3, A1 Paraguay, 123 Parental controls, 120 Peking University, 113 PepsiCo, 569 Persian Gulf, 127 Personal space, 303–304 Peru, 191, 563 Pesos, 111, 112, 524 PetSmart, A4 Pharmaceutical industry, 323 PharmaJet injector, 35 Philippines, 130 Picketing, 276 Pier Imports, 128 Place marketing, 359 Poland, 117, 125, 523 Polaris Industries Inc., 130 Politics, 117–120 Pollution, 53 Populations, 95, 107, 108, 137, 189 Porsche, 174, 445 Portugal, 112, 125, 191, 478, 546 Pounds, 112, 575 PPG, 524 PricewaterhouseCoopers, 523 Printing solutions, 323 PRINTVALUE, 323 Privatization, 83 Process layout, 329 Puerto Rico, 191 Punjabi language, 137 Q Qantas Airways, 570 Qatar, 108, 122, 584 Q control, 139 Quality control, 337–338 Quality-of-life issues, 281 Quotas, 121 R Radio-frequency identification (RFID), 417 Radley and Company Handbags, 484 Rail Maritime Transport Workers Union (RMT), 282 Railroad industry, 133, 282 Rainforest Alliance, 32, 53 Ramadan, 115 Rand, 112 Real, 112 Recycling, 52 Red Cross/Red Crescent, 356 Religions, 114–115 See also specific religions Renewable energy sources, 85 Republic of Macedonia, 125, 343 Revolutionary War, 13 RMT See Rail Maritime Transport Workers Union Romania, 125, 191 Royal Dutch Shell, 132 Rupee, 112, 130 Russia, 87, 96, 191, 491, 530 See also Soviet Union Baskin-Robbins in, 163 Campbell’s Soup in, 234 countertrade and, 129 demand for accountants in, 110 as emerging market, 563 global business strategies and, 132 legal environment in, 118 Mayo Clinic and, 285 oil industry in, 591 population of, 108 Russian language, 113 S Saffron, 109 Samsung, 3, 106, 139, 250, 353, 474, 585, 586 Satellites, surveillance, 183 Saudi Arabia, 110, 115, 583 Saudi Arabia SAMA Foreign Holdings, 584 Scheduling program, 334–335 Serbia, 191, 343 Shintoism, 114 Shiseido, 179, 180 Shrimp industry, 77 Shuangtuan.com, 131 Silk production, 109 Silk Road, 109 Singapore, 108, 323, 491, 563, 584 Singapore Airlines, 570 Sinopec, 591 Sleepmaster, 335 Slovakia, 125 Slovenia, 112, 125, 191 Smart Design, 139, 250 Social differences, 113–115 Socialism, 82, 83 Social networking sites, 137 Software, 96, 491 Sony, 106 South Africa, 112 GEW and, 191 strike in, 226 TOMS Shoes in, 137–138 Walmart in, 108 South America, 83, 88, 131, 285 South Korea, 72, 108, 109, 139 Sovereign wealth funds, 584 Soviet Union communism in, 82 as emerging market, 563 hyperinflation in, 88 International Index bIndex.indd 33 I-33 23/08/11 12:57 PM Space capsule, Dragon, 183 SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies), 183, 186, 582 Spain, 85, 112, 125, 132, 191 credit crisis in, 546 Mariposa botnet in, 481 multinational corporations in, 131 Q control in, 139 Spanish language, 113, 471 SRC Associations Ltd., 523 Standardization strategy, 132 Starbucks, 110 Starbucks Global Development, 48 STAT-USA, 126 Stella & Dot, 186 Stock markets, 543–545 Strikes, 226, 276, 282 Subcontracting, 129–130 Subway, 363 Sunkist, 129 Sunstone Capital, 186 Surfboard manufacturing, 145 Surveillance satellites, 183 SUVs, electric, 183 Sweden, 82, 125, 191 H&M in, 41 IKEA in, 66, 107, 372, 399, 490 Swissauto Powersports, 130 Switzerland, 108, 110, 139, 191, 523 banks in, 558 as low-context culture, 297 Sydney, 491 Syncrude Canada Ltd., 591 T Taiwan, 108, 109, 110, 112, 583 Tamil language, 137 Tap Project, 358 Tariffs, 119, 120 Tata Motors, 115, 116 Tata Nano, 105, 115, 116 Technology industry, 583 Television, over Internet, 174 Telugu language, 137 Temasek Holdings of China, 584 Terrorism, 94, 96 Tesla Motors, 183, 186 Tesla Roadster, 183 Thailand, 130, 191, 563 Theory Z, 273 I-34 bIndex.indd 34 360-degree performance review, 259 Togo, 358 TOMS Shoes, 137–138 Topshop, 343, 446 Toxic substances, 95 Toyota Motor Company, 15, 25, 141, 183, 291, 296, 319, 576 Trade, 106, 107–109, 121–124, 129 fair, 117, 565 going global with, 125–131 measure of, 110–112 Trade barriers economic differences and, 115–116 political/legal differences and, 116–120 reducing, 120–125 social/cultural differences and, 113–115 Training programs, 258 Transparency International, 118 Treaties, 119, 125 Treaty of Lisbon, 125 Trucking industry, 418 Tsingtao, 523 Tsunami, Turkey, 125, 191, 343 U UNICEF, 358 Unilever, 575 United Arab Emirates, 42, 191 United Kingdom, 87, 108, 112, 125, 132, 191, 258, 343, 575 banks in, 558 brand names in, 398 Enterprise UK in, 191 Industrial Revolution in, 13–14 legal environment in, 118 multinational corporations in, 131 Nestlé in, 117 rail strikes in, 282 as trading partner with U.S., 109 Zipcar in, 492 United States, 15, 83, 113–116, 132, 191, 296 aging of population in, 20–21, 61–62 childhood obesity in, 49–50 credit-card security breach in, 40 employment rates in, 90–91 future of labor unions in, 276–277 geographical departmentalization in, 239 gross domestic product of, 87, 106 IFRS in, 524 legal environment in, 117–119 as low-context culture, 297 McDonald’s in, 374 as most litigious society, A2 multinational corporations in, 131 NAFTA and, 123–124 not-for-profit organizations in, 6–7, 356 offshoring and, 22, 130 packaging and labeling in, 401 paid sick leave, 263 personal space in, 303–304 population, 95, 108 privatization in, 83 Q control in, 139 renewable energy sources and, 85 tariffs imposed by, 120 Theory Z and, 273 TOMS Shoes in, 137–138 trade in, 109, 110–111, 121, 129 trucking industry in, 418 wholesaling, 406 Uranium mining, 100–101 Uruguay, 123, 191 Uruguay Round, 122 U.S Business Advisor, 126 U.S Census Bureau, 471 U.S Commercial Service, 126 U.S Green Building Council, 403 U.S State Department, 126 USAID (U.S Agency for International Development), 343 Vietnamese language, 471 Viruses, 481, 491 Vitamins, 338 Vodaphone, 117 Volkswagen, 174, 325, 342, 437 W Walmart, 54, 108, 132 Walt Disney, 110, 111 Water-borne diseases, 358 Water conservation, 119, 358 WeddingChannel.com, 186 Weightmans, A1 West Africa, 117, 128 Whistles, 343 Wholesaling, 406 Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 477–478 Women cultural gender roles and, 95 entrepreneurs in India, 186 World Bank, 93, 122–123 World Factbook (CIA), 87, 125, 126 World Kitchen, 139 World marketplace, 16, 94–95, 106, 131 business strategies and, 131–133 going global and, 125–131 trade and, 107–112, 121–125 World Trade Organization (WTO), 122, 126, A4 X Xiamen University, 113 Y Yen, 112 Yoga, 30, 31, 99, 150, 190, 295 Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, former, 125 V Vacation time, 114–115 Values, 114–115 Venezuela, 106, 191 Venture capital, 186 Vienna, 491 Vietnam, 77, 130, 358 Z Zara, 106 Zazzle, 127 Zimbabwe, 42 Zipcar, 492–493 International Index 23/08/11 12:57 PM ... Forms of Business Ownership and Organization Most Businesses Are Small Businesses 143 144 146 What Is a Small Business? 147, Typical Small -Business Ventures 147 Contributions of Small Business. .. Global Business 130 Developing a Strategy for International Business 131 Global Business Strategies 132, Multidomestic Business Strategies 132 What’s Ahead 133 Summary of Learning Objectives 133, Business. .. 10:18 AM PART Business in a Global Environment Chapter Chapter Chapter The Changing Face of Business Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Economic Challenges Facing Contemporary Business Competing