Chapter 1 remade luong duc long

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1 Review Last week we studied about several characteristics of Vietnamese construction industry and about the construction process We have known that there is a tight relationship between the construction industry and the national economy The construction industry is one of the most important and largest industries We learnt about types of contractors and five approaches by which facilities are constructed The next chapter “introduction to earthwork” Earthmoving Materials and Operations • Earthmoving is the process of moving soil or rock from one location to another and processing it so that it meets construction requirements of location, elevation, density, moisture, and so on Number of factors for selecting equipments • The most important criterion is the ability of equipment to perform the required work • The principal criterion for selection should be maximizing the profit or return on the investment produced by the equipment (usually, when the lowest cost per unit is achieved) • Others: - Possible future use - Its availability - The availability of part and service - The effect of equipment downtime on other construction equipment and operations 10 28 The soil is fissured There are sources of vibration near the excavation 29 30 Soil type A, B, C by OSHA Type C is the least stable type of soil 31 Unconfined compressive strength: Pressure required for soil to fail under compression 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 ... factors, so that it represents the number of cycles actually achieved per hour (see Table 2 -1) 13 14 15 16 17 Sorting of soils into groups each of which would show similar behavior is the objective... adjustments for unexpected conditions 11 • The basic relationship for estimating of all earthmoving equipment is: Production= Volume per cycle * Cycles per hour (*) 12 • The term “volume per cycle”=... System (USCS) -American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) System 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 • The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires the classification