12 quy tắc vàng cho quá trình hút sữa các bạn ngành nông nghiệp chăn nuôi bò sữa nên biết. Các quy tắc này hướng dẫn cách thao tác và xử lý các vấn đề thường gặp phải trong quá trình vắt sữa cũng như các bước hậu vắt sữa
Trang 10.9
2
1 2 3 4 5 6
12 Golden Rules of
Conventional Milking
Before milking
During milking
After milking
1 Monitor udder
health regularly 2 Follow the right Milking order 3 Always Foremilk 4 Clean and/or disinfect Teats before milking
5 Check Milking
Vacuum 6 Attach milking cluster in time 7 Avoid overmilking 8 Detach milking Cluster correctly
9 Disinfect teats
Immediately 10 Clean/disinfect milking equipment 11 Ensure proper Milk cooling 12 Regularly monitor Milking results
Always use disposable gloves – always ensure disposable gloves are clean
Trang 2Before milking
1 Monitor udder health regularly
• Always use disposable gloves and
always ensure they are clean
• Check udder health regularly; first
check fresh first-calf heifers and cows
1–2 weeks after calving (use Delaval’s
California Mastitis Test CMT, DeLaval Cell
Counter DCC, Herd Navigator HN, etc)
• Regularly review the dairy processor info
on milk quality
• Keep record of udder health results for
each cow
• Always keep milk of identified sick
cows separate
2 Follow the right Milking order
• First start with milking healthy cows and
healthy first calvers
• Follow by fresh milking cows and first
calvers—until they are checked for udder
health status
• Always milk older and sick cows last or
milk in a separate group
3 Always Foremilk
• Always use disposable gloves and
always ensure they are clean
• Never strip milk onto the floor
• Strip 2–3 milk jets from each teat into a
foremilk or strip cup
• Examine the milk for flocculation, colour
changes or other inconsistencies
• Always keep abnormal milk separate
• Foremilking also stimulates the milk
let-down
4 Clean and/or disinfect Teats before
milking
• Always use disposable gloves and
always ensure they are clean
• Clean each teat and teat end, preferably
using an approved pre-milking teat
cleaner
• When pre-milking teat disinfection is
allowed: use approved pre-milking teat
disinfectant and wait 30 sec before
removing
• In all case use disposable paper or
udder towels to clean off and carefully
dry each teat properly
• Never use paper or towels for more than
one cow
During milking
5 Check Milking Vacuum
• Always check the milking vacuum at the start of each milking
• Vacuum level, pulsation rate and pulsator ratio should be in accordance with DeLaval recommendations
6 Attach milking cluster in time
• Always use disposable gloves and always ensure they are clean
• Always make sure to clean or, when necessary, disinfect clusters in between cows
• Attach milking cluster within 60 sec after teat preparation
• Avoid air entry during cluster attachment
• Check cluster positioning
• Make sure that long milk tubes are aligned with pulse tube, avoiding twisting of tubes
7 Avoid over-milking
• Watch the milking process during milking; don’t do anything else
• Over milking could damage teat ends
• Identify the end of milking; by direct observation of milk flow; or via flow sensors in case of automatic cluster removal
8 Remove clusters correctly
• Always use disposable gloves and always ensure they are clean
• Shut off vacuum to the cluster when milking completed (manually or automatically)
• Allow claw vacuum to decline fully before removing cluster
• Do not squeeze the udder
• Take off cluster after vacuum shut-off
After milking
9 Disinfect teats Immediately
• Always use disposable gloves and always ensure they are clean
• Dip or spray teats as soon as the milking cluster has been removed
• Use an approved post milking teat disinfectant as this is the most effective way to prevent the spread of mastitis
• Keep the cows standing up for 30 minutes after milking
10 Clean/disinfect milking equipment
• Clean outside milking units and all surfaces in the parlour
• After each milking rinse and clean internal milking system, either manually
or automatically
• Use approved detergents, following dosing, routine and temperature instructions on the label
• When required disinfect the milking system using approved sanitizers, following label instructions
• Remove clusters from cluster cleaners and allow milking system and milking units to dry
11 Ensure proper Milk cooling
• Always check temperatures to ensure correct cooling is reached during and after milking
• Make sure always to follow dairy specific recommendations for cooling temperatures
• Milk cooling and milk storage tanks need to be cleaned immediately after emptying, using approved detergents
12 Regularly monitor Milking results
• Review dairy processor info on milk quality and milk composition regularly
• If available, cross check with data from CMT, DCC, HN, etc on a regular basis
• Regular preventative maintenance including replacement of liners , tubes and other parts, according to DeLaval recommendations, is the best way to ensure a well functioning milking system
Always use disposable gloves – always ensure disposable gloves are clean
12 Golden Rules of
Conventional Milking
—in detail