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Question 3: The word "they" in the second paragraph refers to ________ Question 4: According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third paragraph are used to ________.. A

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions

BÀI SỐ 1

Animation traditionally is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an object, each slightly different than the preceding frame In computer animation, although the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in most cases the artist will draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings between the first and the last drawing This is generally referred to as computer-assisted animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator

In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the final sequence of pictures These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers

that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space The database

consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information Highly trained professionals are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading, and curvatures

High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems along with special color terminals or frame buffers The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame It temporarily holds the image for display on the screen

A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used The computer computes the positions and colors for the figures in the picture, and sends this

information to the recorder, which captures it on film Sometimes, however, the images

are stored on a large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame When the entire sequence has been recorded

on the film, the film must be developed before the animation can be viewed If the entire sequence does not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded This approach can be very expensive and time consuming Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images

Question 1: What aspect of computer animation does the passage mainly discuss?

A The production procession B The equipment needed

Question 2: According to the passage, in computer-assisted animation the role of the

computer is to draw the

Question 3: The word "they" in the second paragraph refers to

Question 4: According to the passage, the frame buffers mentioned in the third

paragraph are used to

A add color to the images B expose several frames at the same

frames

Question 5: According to the passage, the positions and colours of the figures in

high-tech animation are determined

A drawing several versions

B enlarging one frame at a lime

C analyzing the sequence from different angles

D using computer calculations

Question 6: The word "captures" in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to

_

A separates B registers C describes D numbers Question 7: Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A Computers have reduced the costs of animation

B In the future, traditional artists will no longer be needed

C Artists are unable to produce drawings as high in quality as computer drawings

D Animation involves a wide range of technical and artistic skills

BÀI SỐ 2

In the world today, particularly in the two most industrialized areas, North America and Europe, recycling is big news People are talking about it, practicing it, and

discovering new ways to be sensitive the environment Recycling means finding ways

to used products a second time The motto of the recycling movement is "Reduce,

Reuse, Recycle"

The first step is to reduce garbage In stores, a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings A hamburger from a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging: usually paper, a box, and a bag All that packaging is wasted resources People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse cups and utensils Another way to reduce waste is to buy high-quality products When low quality appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones - a loss of more resources and more energy For example, if a customer buys a high-quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the manufacturer receives an important message In the same way, if a customer chooses

a product with less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers To reduce garbage, the throwaway must stop

The second step is to reuse It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in returnable bottles After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the store The manufacturers of the drinks collect the bottles, wash them, and then fill them again The energy that is necessary to make new bottles is saved In some parts of the world, returning bottles for money is a common practice In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throwaway bottles

The third step is being environmentally sensitive is to recycle Spent motor oil can be cleaned and used again Aluminum cans are expensive to make It takes the same amount of energy to make one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours When people collect and recycle aluminum (for new cans), they help save one

of the world's precious resources

Question 8: Which area is considered one of the most industrialized?

A South America B Middle East C Europe D Asia Question 9: What does the word “sensitive” in line 2 means?

Question 10: The word “motto” is closet in meaning to

Question 11: It is a waste when customers buy low-quality products because

A they have to be repaired many times B they will soon throw them away

C customers always change their area D they are very cheap

Question 12: What is the topic of the passage?

A How to live sensitively to the environment

B How to reduce garbage disposal

C What is involved in the recycling movement

D What people understand the term “recycle”

Question 13: People can do the following to reduce waste EXCEPT

A buy high-quality products B buy simply-wrapped things

Question 14: What best describe the process of reuse?

A The bottles are collected, washed, returned and filled again

B The bottles are washed, returned filled again and collected

C The bottles are filled again after being returned, collected and washed

D The bottles are collected, returned, filled again and washed

BÀI SỐ 3

A survey is a study, generally in the form of an interview or a questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act In the United States, the best-known surveys are the Gallup poll and the Harris poll As anyone who watches the news during presidential campaigns knows, these polls have become an important part of political life in the United States

North Americans are familiar with the many "person on the street" interviews on local television news shows While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion

First, they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location

Thus, such samples can be biased in favor of commuters, middle-class shoppers, or factory workers, depending on which area the new people select Second, television interviews tend to attract outgoing people who are willing to appear on the air, while they frighten away others who may feel intimidated by a camera A survey must be

based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range

of the population

In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care

in the wording of questions An effective survey question must be simple and clear enough for people to understand it It must also be specific enough so that there are no problems in interpreting the results Even questions that are less structured must be

carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired Surveys can

be indispensable sources of information, but only if the sampling is done properly and

the questions are worded accurately

There are two main forms of surveys: the interview and the tionnaire Each of these forms of survey research has its advantages An interviewer can obtain a high response rate because people find it more difficult to turn down a personal request for an interview than to throw away a written questionnaire

In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons However, questionnaires have the advantage of being cheaper and more consistent

Question 15: According to the passage, one advantage of live interviews over

questionnaires is that live interviews _

A minimize the influence of the researcher B are easier to interpret

C costless D can produce more information Question 16: The word “they” refers to

Americans

Question 17: Which word is given definition in the text?

Question 18: According to paragraph 3, which of the following is most important for

an effective survey?

A A sociologist who is able to interpret the results

B Carefully worded questions

C An interviewer’s ability to measure respondents’ feelings

D A high number of respondents

Question 19: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The principles of conducting surveys

B The importance of polls in American political life

C Problems associated with interpreting surveys

D The history of surveys in North America

BÀI SỐ 4

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth For every three Canadians in 1945, there

were over five in 1966 In September 1966 Canada’s population passed the 20 million

mark Most of his surging growth came from natural increase The depression of the

1930’s and the war had held back marriages, and the catching-up process began after

1945 The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950s, producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956 This rate of increase had been exceeded only once before settle Undoubtedly, the good

economic conditions of the 1950’s supported a growth in the population, but the

expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the

average size of families In 1957 the Canadian birth rate stood at 28 per thousand, one

of the highest in the world

After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline It

continued falling until in 1966 it stood at the lowest level in 25 years Partly this decline reflected the low level of births during the depression and the war, but it was also caused by changes in Canadian society Young people were staying at school longer; more women were working; young married couples were buying automobiles

or houses before starting families; rising living standards were cutting down the size

of families It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution

Although the growth in Canada’s population had slowed down by

1966 (the increase in the first half of the 1960’s was only nine percent), another large

population wave was coming over the horizon It would be composed of the children

who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957

Question 20: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Educational changes in Canadian society B Canada during the Second World

War C Population trends in postwar Canada D Standards of

living in Canada

Question 21: The word “five” in bold refers to

Question 22: The word “surging” in bold is closest in meaning to

Question 23: The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s

A the urban population decreased rapidly B fewer people married

C economic conditions were poor D the birth rate was very high

Question 24: The word “trend” in bold is closest in meaning to:

A tendency B aim C growth D directive Question 25: The author mention all of the following as causes of declines in

population growth after 1957

EXCEPT

A people being better educated B people getting married earlier

C better standards of living D couples buying houses

Question 26: It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

A families were larger B population statistics were unreliable

C the population grew steadily D economic conditions were bad Question 27: The word “it” in bold refers to

A horizon B population wave

C nine percent D first half

BÀI SỐ 5

Shyness may not seem to be a serious complaint, but for some who suffer from it, it can become unbearable Even talking to a small group of people you know can seem like an ordeal - it can feel as if you’ve been asked to give a speech on a topic you know very little about to a number of experts You start to feel hot and shaky, your heart beats faster, your knees feel weak, you begin to stutter and the whole experience seems to last forever

The fact of the matter is that shyness is something we often recognize in others:

blushing is one of the more visible signs, for example Yet we do not judge someone

harshly because of this But shyness does mean you are harder to approach, so you become more isolated As one shy person put it, “It’s like being in a prison, and it’s very hard to break out.”

Experts on the subject have come up with various possible solutions, and one has been singled out as being the key to success, namely, finding an interest in common with other people Spending a lot of time on the sidelines watching other people and envying them because they are much more outgoing doesn’t help; remembering that

some of the people you envy most are probably shy themselves The secret is how you deal with it And experts have come up with four things you can do today to help Firstly, you can start by listening to other people You will find yourself getting interested in what they’re talking about and asking questions, and before you know it, you’ll be having a conversation Secondly, you could try asking neighbors if you can walk their dog Like children, pets can be excellent icebreakers for conversations with passers-by Thirdly, try joining a class to learn something like tap-dancing or flamenco, where people are likely to laugh a lot You’ll feel relaxed, and also you’ll be much too busy concentrating on what you are doing to feel shy Lastly, try telling yourself that it doesn’t matter if you say or do something silly Most people make a fool of themselves every so often, and it’s not the end of the world if you do

Question 28 One of the symptoms of shyness in a stressful situation is

A sweating a lot B an increased heart rate

C pain in the knees D excessive talkativeness

Question 29 Why do shy people become more reserved?

A Their social unease makes them more difficult to talk to

B They see that others are shy too

C Other people lack the patience to talk to them

D They dread being judged by others

Question 30 The word “blushing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A going green B going red C smiling D sweating Question 31 What do experts believe is the most essential measure to be taken?

A Studying others’ behaviour in social situations

B Discovering shared interests with others

C Comparing yourself to other people

D Finding out what makes other people shy

Question 32 How can listening to others prove helpful in combating shyness?

A You develop useful psychological skills

B It’s the first step to getting into conversation

C People will see you care about their interests

D It’s a visible sign of becoming less shy

BÀI SỐ 6

Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides No other force that affects the sea is so strong Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep

The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffs, and to draw a high tide into the harbors Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon, and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month

Question 33 What is the main point of the first paragraph?

A The waves created by ocean currents are very large

B Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water

C Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water

D The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water Question 34 The word “felt” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

Question 35 The words “In reality” in line 8 are closest in meaning to

A surprisingly B actually C characteristically D similarly Question 36 It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in

determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is

Question 37 The word “correspondingly” in line 11 is closest in meaning to

A unpredictably B interestingly C similarly D unusually Question 38 What is the cause of spring tides?

A Seasonal changes in the weather

B The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the Earth

C The Earth's movement around the Sun

D The triangular arrangement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon

dates and apricots

All foods contain water - cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is If this water is removed, the activity

of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked

Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean

countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia The methods used vary, but in general the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying Plums for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of

ingredients are dried separately and then mixed

Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans

or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little

storage space They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to

cook them

Question 39: What is the main idea of the passage?

A Mechanization of drying foods B Water, the main component of food

C Advantages of dried foods D Different methods of drying foods Question 40: The word “checked” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A put a tick B reduced considerably

C motivated to develop D examined carefully

Question 41: In the process of drying certain kinds of fruits, sulphur fumes helps

A crack the skin B kill of bacteria

C remove the wax coating D maintain the color

Question 42: According to the passage, dried foods are most useful for

A people who are on the move B explores who are underweight

C housewives who have little storage space D soldiers who are not in battle Question 43: This passage is mainly

A informative B fictional C argumentative D anal ytical Question 44: We prefer going by train because we can enjoy the sight

A We would like to go by train, or we will enjoy the sight

B We enjoy the sight although we go by train

C We prefer going by train to enjoying the sight

D We would like to go by train so that we can enjoy the sight

Question 45: The airport taxes are included in the ticket price

A You need to pay for ticket and airport taxes

B The ticket is included in the airport taxes

C The ticket price includes the airport taxes

D The airport taxes and ticket price should be paid separately

Question 46: The researchers finalized their research methods

A The researchers chose the last research methods

B The researchers made the final decision on their research methods

C Research methods are decided at the final stage of the study

D The researchers saved research methods for the final part

Question 47: We always find Robert’s stories amusing

A Robert’s amusing stories are found

B Robert always interested in amusing stories

C We are always amused by Robert’s stories

D We always find Robert reading amusing stories

Question 48: The secretary was upset because she was fired

A The secretary was unhappy as she lost her job

B The secretary was so angry that she set fire to the office

C The job was upsetting that the secretary gave it up

D The fire was so devastating that the secretary was upset

BÀI SỐ 8

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible For instance, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent

of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of

forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to “bleach”, a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems

From “global warming” by Michael Mastrandrea and Stephen H.Schneider

Question 49: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause

flowers to

A bloom earlier B die instantly C become lighter D lose color Question 50: According to paragragh 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals

tend to move

A toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations

B toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

C south-eastwards and up down mountainsides toward lower elevations

D north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

Question 51: The pronoun “those” in paragragh 2 refers to

Question 52: The phrase “dwindling sea ice” in paragraph 2 refers to _

A the cold ice in the Arctic B the violent Arctic Ocean

C the melting ice in the Arctic D the frozen water in the Arctic Question 53: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or

3 Celsius degrees

A half of the earth’s surface would be flooded

B water supply would decrease by 50 percent

C the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters

D 20 or 50 percent of species could become extinct

Question 54: According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly

to warmer temperatures,

A they will certainly need water B they can begin to develop

C they may be endangered D they move to tropical forests Question 55: The word “fragile” in paragragh 4 most probably means _

A pretty hard B easily damaged C rather strong D very large Question 56: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates

A the slow death of coral reefs B the blooming phase of sea weeds

C the quick growth of marine mammals D the water absorption of coral reefs Question 57: The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by

A the loss of acidity in the atmosphere around the earth

B the decrease of acidity of the pole waters

C the extinction of species in coastal areas

D the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean

Question 58: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles

B Effects of global warming on animals and plants

C Global warming and possible solutions

D Global warming and species migration

BÀI SỐ 9

Long ago prehistoric man began to domesticate a number of wild plants and

animals for his own use This not only provided a more abundant food source but also

allowed more people to live on a smaller plot of ground We tend to forget that all

of our present – day pets, livestock, and food plants were taken from the wild and developed into the forms we know today

As centuries passed and human cultures evolved anf blossomed, humans

began to organise their knowledge of nature into the broad field of natural history One aspect of early natural history concerned the use of plants for drugs and

medicine The early herbalists sometimes overworked their imaginations in this respect For example, it was widely believed that a plant or part of a plant that resembles an internal organ would cure ailments of that organ Thus, an extract made

from a heart-shaped leaf might be prescribled for a person suffering from heart problems

Nevertheless, the overall contributions of these early observers provided the

rudiments of our present knowledge of drugs and their uses

Question 59: What does this passage mainly discuss?

A Cures from plants B The beginning of natural history

Question 60: Domestication of plants and animals probably occurred because

of _

A the need for more readily a vailable food B lack of wild animals and plants

C early man’s power as a hunter D the desire of prehistoric man to be

nomadic

Question 61: The word “This” in the frist paragraph refers to _

A providing food for man B man’s domestication of plants and

animals C man’s ability to live on a small plot of land D the eariest

condition of prehistoric man

Question 62: The word “blossomed” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning

to _

A produced flowers B changed C learned D flourished

Question 63: An herbalist is which of the following?

C Someone who uses plants in medicine D A farmer

BÀI SỐ 10

In the world to day, particularly in the two most “industrialized areas, North America and Europe, recyling is big news People are talking about it, practicing it, and discovering new ways to be sensitive to the environment Recycling means finding was to use products a second time The motto of the recycling movement is “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”

This first step is to reduce garbage In stores, a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings A hamburger form a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging: usually paper, a box, a bag All that packaging

is wasted resources People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse cups and utensils Another way to reduce waste is to buy high-quality products When low quality appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones – a loss of more resources and more energy For example, if a customer buys a high-quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the manufacturer receives an important message In the same way, if a customer chooses a product with less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers To reduce garbage, the throwaway must stop

The second step is to reuse It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in returnable bottles After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the store The manufacturers of the drinks collect the bottles, wash them, and then fill them again The energy that is necessary to make new bottles is saved In some parts of the word, returning bottles for money is a common practice In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throwaway bottles

The third step is being environmentally sensitive is to recycle Spent motor oil can be cleaned and used again Aluminum cans are expensive to make It takes the same amount of energy to make one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours When people collect and recycle aluminum (for new cans), they help save one

of the world’s precious resources

Question 64: What is the main topic of the passage?

A How to reduce garbage disposal

B What people often understand about the term “recycle”

C What is involved in the recycling movement

D How to live sensitively to the environment

Question 65: People can do the following to reduce waste EXCEPT:

A buy high-quality product

B buy simply-wrapped things

C reuse cups

D buy fewer hamburgers

Question 66: Why is it a waste when customers buy low-quality products?

A Because people will soon throw them away

B Because they have to be repaired many times

C Because customers change their ideas all the time

D Because they produce less energy

Question 67: What best describes the process of reuse?

A The bottles are collected, washes, returned and filled again

B The bottles are filled again after being returned, collected and washed

C The bottles are washed, returned filled again and collected

D The bottles are collected, returned filled again and washed

Question 68: What are the two things mentioned as example of recycling?

A Aluminum cans and plastic wrapping

B Hamburger wrappings and spent motor oil

C Aluminum cans and spent motor oil

D TV sets and aluminum cans

BÀI SỐ 11

Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’homes and offices For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor

entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence If

the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to theiremployer A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published “ The Portable Executive” as its cover story a few years ago Why hasn’t telecommuting become more popular?

Clearly, change simply takes time But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities

It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office

Question 69: With which of the following topics is the passage primarly concerned?

A The advantages of telecommuting B A definition of telecommuting

C An overview of telecommuting D The failure of telecommuting Question 70: The phrase “ of no consequence” means _

A of no use B of no good

C unimportant D irrelevant

Question 71: The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting,

EXCEPT _

A the opportunities for advancement

B the different system of supervision

C the lack of interaction with a group

D The work place is in the home

Question 72: The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the

employees _

A need regular interaction with their families

B are worried aboout the promotion if they are not seen at the office

C feel that a work area in their home is away from the office

D are ignorant of telecommuting

Question 73: When Busines Week published “ The Portable Executive”, it implied

that _

A systems for managing telecommuters were not effective

B there was resistance on the part of many managers about telecommuting

C the trend for telecommuting was optimistic

D most telecommuters were satisfied with their work

BÀI SỐ 12

In addition to providing energy, fats have several other functions in the body The fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K, are dissolved in fats, as their name implies Good sources of these vitamins have high oil or fat content, and the vitamins are

stored in the body’s fatty tissues In the diet, fats cause food to remain longer in the

stomach, this increasing the feeling of fullness for some time after a meal is eaten Fats add variety, taste and texture to foods, which accounts for the popularity of fried foods Fatty deposits in the body have an insulating and protective value The curves

of the human female body are due mostly to strategically located fat deposits

Whether a certain amount of fat in the diet is essential to human health is not definitely known When rats are fed a fat-free diet, their growth eventually ceases, their skin becomes inflamed and scaly, and their reproductive systems are damaged

Two fatty acids, linoleic and acids, prevent these abnormalities and hence are called

essential fatty acids They also are required by a number of other animals but their roles in human beings are debatable Most nutritionists consider linoleic fatty acid an essential nutrient for humans

Question 74: This passage probably appeared in which of the following?

Question 75: The phrase “stored in” in lines 3 is closest in meaning to

Question 76: The author states that fats serve all of the following body functions

EXCEPT to

A promote a feeling of fullness B insulate and protect the body

Question 77: According to the author of the passage, which of the following is true

for rats when they are fed a fat free diet?

A They stop growing B They have more babies

C They lose body hair D They require less care

Question 78: Linoleic fatty acid is mentioned in the passage as

A an essential nutrient for humans B more useful than acid

C prevent weight gain in rats D a nutrient found in most foods Question 79: The phrase “these abnormalities” in line 11 refers to

A a condition caused by fried foods

B strategically located fat deposits

C curves on the human female body

D cessation of growth, bad skin, and damaged reproductive systems

Question 80: That humans should all have some fat in our diets is, according to the

author

A a commonly held view B not yet a proven fact

C only true for women D proven to be true by experiments on

rats

BÀI SỐ 13

An air pollutant is defined as a compound added directly or indirectly by humans

to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or

materials adversely Air pollution requires a very flexible definition that permits

continuous change When the first air pollution laws were established in England in the fourteenth century, air pollutants were limited to compounds that could be seen or smelled - a far cry from the extensive list of harmful substances known today As

technology has developed and knowledge of the health aspects of various chemicals has increased, the list of air pollutants has lengthened In the future, even water vapor might be considered an air pollutant under certain conditions

Many of the more important air pollutants, such as sulfur oxides, carbon

monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, are found in nature As the Earth developed, the

concentration of these pollutants was altered by various chemical reactions; they

became components in biogeochemical cycles These serve as an air purification

scheme by allowing the compounds to move from the air to the water or soil On a global basis, nature's output of these compounds dwarfs that resulting from human activities

However, human production usually occurs in a localized area, such as a city In such a region, human output may be dominant and may temporarily overload the

natural purification scheme of the cycles The result is an increased concentration of noxious chemicals in the air The concentrations at which the adverse effects appear will be greater than the concentrations that the pollutants would have in the absence

of human activities The actual concentration need not be large for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact, the numerical value tells us little until we know how much of an

increase this represents over the concentration that would occur naturally in the area For example, sulfur dioxide has detectable health effects at 0.08 parts per million

(ppm), which is about 400 times its natural level Carbon monoxide, however, has a natural level of 0.1 ppm and is not usually a pollutant until its level reaches about 15 ppm

Question 81: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The economic impact of air pollution

B What constitutes an air pollutant

C How much harm air pollutants can cause

D The effects of compounds added to the atmosphere

Question 82: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that

A water vapor is an air pollutant in localized areas

B most air pollutants today can be seen or smelled

C the definition of air pollution will continue to change

D a substance becomes an air pollutant only in cities

Question 83: For which of the following reasons can natural pollutants play an

important role in controlling air pollution?

A They function as part of a purification process

B They occur in greater quantities than other pollutants

C They are less harmful to living beings than other pollutants

D They have existed since the Earth developed

Question 84: According to the passage, human-generated air pollution in localized

regions

A can be dwarfed by nature's output of pollutants

B can overwhelm the natural system that removes pollutants

C will damage areas outside of the localized regions

D will react harmfully with natural pollutants

Question 85: The word “localized” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to

A specified B circled C surrounded D encircled Question 86: According to the passage, the numerical value of the concentration level

of a

substance is only useful if

A the other substances in the area are known

B it is in a localized area

C the natural level is also known

D it can be calculated quickly

Question 87: Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

A To effectively control pollution, local government should regularly review their air

The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called "the vitamin period" Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, en

deficiency syndromes were described As vitamins became recognized as essential

food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every

disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might

be responsive to vitamin therapy At the point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional therapies in medicine Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond

what could actually be achieved from the use of them

In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular It was just a decade before this that many

drug companies had found their vitamins sales skyrocketing and were quick to

supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety health-related conditions Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions that when applied to long-term problems of nutrition that lead chronic health problem

Question 88: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The effects of vitamins in the human body

B The history f food preferences from the 19th century to the present

C The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study

D Nutritional practices of the 19th century

Question 89: It can be inferred from the passages that which of the following

discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?

A Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet

B Vitamins were synthesized from foods

C Effective technique of weight loss were determined

D Certain food were found to be harmful to good health

Question 90: The word "tempting" is closest meaning to

A necessary B attractive C realistic D correct Question 91: The word "reckless" can be best replaced by

A recorded B irresponsible C informative D urgent Question 92: The word "them" refers to

Question 93: Why did vitamins therapy begin losing favour in the 1950's?

A The public lost interest in vitamins

B Medical schools stopped teaching nutritional concepts

C Nutritional research was of poor quality

D Claims for the effectiveness of vitamin therapy were seen to be exaggerated Question 94: The word "skyrocketing" is closest meaning to

A internationally popular B acceptable

C increasing rapidly D surprising

BÀI SỐ 15

Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures

With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations Plants will also attempt to shift their rangers, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts Species that find cities of farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct Species living in unique ecosystems,

such as those found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because

migration to new habitats is not possible For instance, polar bears and marine

mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere

father to go

Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear

Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected

by global warming Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral Scientists estimate that even 1

Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death

of coral reefs around the world Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems

Question 95: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause

flower to

A die instantly B bloom earlier C become lighter D lose colour Question 96: According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animals

tend to move

A south - eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower elevations

B north - westward and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

C toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower elevations

D toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations

Question 97: The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to

Question 98: The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to

A the frozen water in the Arctic B the violent Arctic Ocean

C the melting ice in the Arctic D the cold ice in the Arctic

Question 99: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or

3 Celsius degrees,

A half of the earth's surface would be flooded

B the sea level would rise by 2o centimetres

C water supply would decrease by 50 percent

D 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct

Question 100: According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust

quickly to warmer temperatures,

A they may be endangered B they can begin to develop

C they will certainly need water D they move to tropical forests

Question 101: The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means

Question 102: The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates

A the water absorption of coral reefs

B the quick growth of marine mammals

C the blooming phase of sea weeds

D the slow death of coral reefs

additional for each twelve-month period that elapsed since they first could have enrolled

The monthly premium is deducted from social security payment, railroad retirement or

civil service retirement benefits

Question 103: The author’s purpose is to

A describe the benefits of Medicare

B stimulate enrollment in Medicare

C advertise Medicare

D tell people when they may enroll in Medicare

Question 104: People would pay 10% more for their insurance if they

A were under 65

B enrolled after their sixty-fifth birthday

C applied seven months before their sixty-fifth birthday

D enrolled in a private plan

Question 105: To start coverage by Medicare on their sixty-fifth birthday, people

must apply

A seven months before their birthday

B four months before their birthday

C three months before their birthday

D the month in which their birthday occurs

Question 106: To word “deducted” in the passage can be replaced by

A taken away B protected C subtracted D escaped Question 107: To word “elapsed” in the passage most closely means

Question 108: The period after the sixty-fifth birthday during which people may

apply for Medicare is

A a quarter of a year B seven months

C one month D January 1 to March 31 yearly Question 109: Medicare subscriber’s premiums

A are due the first of every month B are taken out of their salaries

C are subtracted from their pension D come from the government

BÀI SỐ 17

May 7, 1840 was the birthday of one of the most famous Russian composers of the nineteenth century Peter Illich Tchaikovsky The son of a mining inspector, Tchaikovsky studied music as a child and later studied composition at the St.Pertersburg Conservatory

His greatest period of productivity occurred between 1876 and 1890, during which time

he enjoyed the patronage of Madame von Meck, a woman he never met, who gave him

a living stipend of about $1,000.00 a year Madame von Meck later terminated her

friendship with Tchaikovsky, as well as his living allowance, when she, herself, was facing financial difficulties It was during the time of Madame von Meck’s patronage, however, that Tchaikovsky created the music for which he is most famous, including the music for the ballets of Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty

Tchaikovsky’s music, well known for its rich melodic and sometimes melancholy passages, was one of the first that brought serious dramatic music to dance Before this, little attention had been given to the music behind the dance Tchaikovsky died on November 6,1893, ostensibly of cholera, though there are now some scholars who argue that he committed suicide

Question 110: With what topic is the passage primary concerned?

A the life and music of Tchaikovsky

B development of Tchaikovsky’s music for ballets

C Tchaikovsky’s relationship with Madame Von Meck

D the cause of Tchaikovsky’s death

Question 111: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word

“productivity”?

A fertility B affinity C creativity D maturity

Question 112: The phrase “enjoyed the patronage of” probably means ?

A liked the company of B was mentally attached to

C solicited the advice of D was financially dependent upon Question 113: Which of the following could best replace the word “terminated”?

A discontinued B resolved C exploited D hated Question 114: According to the passage, all of the following describe Madame von Meck EXCEPT

A She had economic troubles

B She was generous

C She enjoyed Tchaikovsky’s music

D She was never introduced to Tchaikovsky

Question 115: According to the passage, for what is Tchaikovsky’s music most well

known?

A Its repetitive and monotonous tones

B The ballet-like quality of the music

C Its lively, capricious melodies

D The richness and melodic drama of the music

Question 116: According to the passage, “Swan Lake” and “The Sleeping Beauty”

are

Question 117: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A Tchaikovsky’s influence on ballet music

B Tchaikovsky’s unhappiness leading to suicide

C the patronage of Madame von Meck

D Tchaikovsky’s productivity in composing

BÀI SỐ 18

Carbohydrates, which are sugars, are an essential part of a healthy diet They provide the main source of energy for the body, and they also function to flavor and sweeten foods Carbohydrates range from simple sugars like glucose to complex sugars such

as amylose ans amylopectin Nutritionists estimate that carbohydrates should make up about one-fourth to one-fifth of a person’s diet This translates to about 75-100 grams

of carbohydrates per day

A diet that is deficient in carbohydrates can have an adverse effect on a person’s

health When the body lacks a sufficient amount of carbohydrates, it must then use

its protein supplies for energy, a process called gluconeogenesis This, however,

results in a lack of necessary protein, and further health difficulties may occur A lack

of carbohydrates can also lead to ketosis, a build-up of ketones in the body that causes fatigue, lethargy, and bad breath

Question 118: What is the main idea of this passage?

A Carbohydrates are needed for good health

B Carbohydrates prevent a build-up of proteins

C Cacbohydrates can lead to ketosis

D Carbohydrates are an expendable part of a good diet

Question 119: According to the passage, what do most nutritionists suggest?

A Sufficient carbohydrates will prevent gluconeogenesis

B Carbohydrates are simple sugars called glucose

C Carbohydrates should make up about a quarter of a person’s daily diet

D Carbohydrates should be eaten in very small quantities

Question 120: Which of the following do carbohydrates NOT do?

C provide energy for the body D flavor and sweeten food

Question 121: Which of the following words could best replace”deficient” as used in

line 6?

A outstanding B abundant C insufficient D unequal Question 122: What does the word “this” refer to in line 8?

A using protein supplies for energy

B converting carbohydrates to energy

C having a deficiency in carbohydrates

D having an insufficient amount of protein

Question 123: According to the passage, which of the following does NOT describe

carbohydrates?

Question 124: Which of the following best describes the organization of this

passage?

C Speccific to general D Definition and example

BÀI SỐ 19

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s as Carolyn Doppe;t Gray, an offical of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the decade pf the women entrepreneur” What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles Women are still excuded from most executive suites Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s, women believed if they got an MBA anf worked hard, they could

become chairman of the board Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen, so

they go out on their own.”

In the past, most women entrepreneurs worked in “women’s” fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example But this is changing Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-milliona-year computar software business It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers

keep tabs on their newspaper carrier sand her office was a bedroom at home, with a

shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow

It niw has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do

They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money; the

banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard Most businesses owned by women are still quite small But the situations is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead

Question 125: What is the main idea of this passage?

A Women today are better educated than is the past, marking them more attractive to

the business world

B The computer is especially lucrative for women today

C Women are better at small business of their own

D Women today are opening more business of their own

Question 126: All of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to

women in the business world EXCEPT

A Women were required to stay at home with their families

B Women lacked ability to work in business

C Women faced discrimination in business

D Women were not trained in business

Question 127: in line 12, “that” refers to

A woman becoming the chairmen of the board

B women working hard

C women achieving advanced degrees

D women believing that business is a place for them

Question 128: According to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in 1970s

A were unrealistic about their opportunities in business management

B were still more interested in education than business opportunities

C had fewer obstacles in business than they do today

D were inable to work hard enough to success in business

Question 129: The expression “keep tabs on” in line 17 is closest meaning

to

A recognize the appearance of B keep records of

C provide transportation for D pay the salaries of

Question 130: The word “hurdles” in line 23 can be best replaced by

Question 131: It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that

business operated by women are small because

A women prefer a small intimate setting

B women can’t deal with money

C women are not able to borrow money easily

D many women fail at large businesses

Question 132: The author’s attitude about the future of women in business

is

A skeptical B optimistic C frustrated D negative

BÀI SỐ 20

Anthropologists have pieced together the little they know about the history of left - handedness and right - handedness from indirect evidence Though early men and women did not leave written records, they did leave tools, bones, and pictures Stone Age hand axes and hatchets were made from stones that were carefully chipped away to form sharp cutting edges In some, the pattern of chipping shows that these tools and weapons were made by right handed people, designed to fit comfortably into a right hand Other Stone Age implements were made by or for left-handers Prehistoric

pictures, painted on the walls of caves, provide further clues to the handedness of

ancient people A right - hander finds it easier to draw faces of people and animals facing toward the left, whereas a left - hander finds it easier to draw faces facing toward the right Both kinds of faces have been found in ancient painting On the whole, the evidence seems to indicate that prehistoric people were either ambidextrous or about equally likely to be left - or right - handed

But, in the Bronze Age, the picture changed The tools and weapons found from

that period are mostly made for right - handed use The predominance of right -

handedness among humans today had apparently already been established

Question 133: What is the main topic of the passage?

A The purpose of ancient implements

B The significance of prehistoric cave paintings

C The development of right – handedness and left – handedness

D The similarities between the Stone Age and Bronze Age

Question 134: Which of the following helped lead to conclusions about whether

Stone Age people preferred one hand to the other?

A Petrified forms of vegetation B Patterns of stone chipping

C Fossilized waste material D Fossilized footprints

Question 135: In line 6, the word “further” is closest in meaning to which of the

A upward B downward C toward the right D toward the

left

Question 137: In line 11, the words “the picture” refer to which of the following?

A Faces of animals and people

B People’s view from inside a cave

C People’s tendency to work with either hand

D The kinds of paint used on cave walls

Question 138: Where is the passage does the author mention a type of evidence that

was NOT studied by anthropologists researching the handedness of ancient people?

A Lines 1-3 B Lines 7-8 C Lines 9-10 D Lines 11-13 Question 139: The author implies that which of the following developments occurred

around the time of the Bronze Age

A The establishment of written records

B A change in the styles of cave painting

C An increase in human skill in the handling of tools

D The prevalence of right handedness

BÀI SỐ 21

Insects’ lives are very short and they have many enemies, but they must survive long

enough to breed and perpetuate their kind The less insect-like they look, the better their chance of survival To look "inedible" by resembling or imitating plants is a deception widely practiced by insects Mammals rarely use this type of camouflage, but many fish and invertebrates do

The stick caterpillar is well named It is hardly distinguishable from a brown or green twig This caterpillar is quite common and can be found almost anywhere in

North America It is also called "measuring worm" or "inchworm." It walks by arching its body, then stretching out and grasping the branch with its front feet then looping its body again to bring the hind feet forward When danger threatens, the stick caterpillar stretches its body away from the branch at an angle and remains rigid and still, like a twig, until the danger has passed

Walking sticks, or stick insects, do not have to assume a rigid, twig-like pose to find protection; they look like inedible twigs in any position There are many kinds of

walking sticks, ranging in size from the few inches of the North American variety to

some tropical species that may be over a foot long When at rest their front legs are stretched out, heightening their camouflage Some of the tropical species are adorned with spines or ridges, imitating the thorny bushes or trees in which they live

Leaves also seem to be a favorite object for insects to imitate Many butterflies can suddenly disappear from view by folding their wings and sitting quietly among the

foliage that they resemble

Question 140: What is the main subject of the passage?

A Caterpillars that live in trees

B The feeding habits of insects

C How some insects camouflage themselves

D Insects that are threatened with extinction

Question 141: In lines 1, the word “enemies” refers to

A other creatures competing for space B extreme weather conditions

C creatures that eat insects D inedible insects

Question 142: According to the passage, how does the stick caterpillar make itself

look like a twig?

A By holding its body stiff and motionless

B By looping itself around a stick

C By changing the color of its skin

D By laying its body flat against a branch

Question 143: Which of the following is true of stick insects?

A They resemble their surroundings all the time

B They make themselves look like other insects

C They are camouflage only when walking

D They change color to make themselves invisible

Question 144: Which of the following are NOT mentioned in the passage as objects

that are imitated as a means of protection?

A Thorns B Flowers C Leaves D Sticks Question 145: In which paragraph does the author describe the way in which stick

caterpillars move?

A Paragraph one B Paragraph two

C Paragraph three D Paragraph four

Question 146: When in the passage does the author describe the habitat of tropical

In their training flights or in actual races, the birds are taken to prearranged distant points and released to find their way back to their own lofts Once the birds are

liberated, their owners, who are standing by at the home lofts, anxiously watch the sky for the return of their entries Since time is of the essence, the speed with which

the birds can be induced to enter the loft trap may make the difference between gaining a win or a second place

The head of a homing pigeon is comparatively small, but its brain is one quarter larger than that of the ordinary pigeon The homing pigeon is very intelligent and will persevere to the point of stubbornness some have been known to fly a hundred miles off course to avoid a storm

Some homing pigeon experts claim that this bird is gifted with a form of built-in radar that helps it find its own loft after hours of flight, for hidden under the head feathers are two very sensitive ears, while the sharp, prominent eyes can see great distances in daytime