EXERCISE ON ADJECTIVES

PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES ADJECTIVES I ĐỊNH NGHĨA VÀ CẤU TẠO CỦA TÍNH TỪ Định nghĩa tính từ – Tính từ từ tính chất, mức độ, phạm vi, người vật Nó bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, đại từ động từ liên kết (linking verb) Tính từ ln đứng trước danh từ bổ nghĩa: That is my new red car – Tính từ không thay đổi theo số danh từ mà bổ nghĩa, trừ trường hợp "these" "those" – Tính từ kết hợp với “the” để tạo thành danh từ Ví dụ: The poor : người nghèo The rich: người giầu Phân loại tính từ – Tính từ miêu tả (descriptive adj): Tính từ mơ tả tính từ màu sắc, kích cỡ, chất lượng vật hay người Ví dụ: beautiful, interesting, colorful, red, new, important… – Tính từ giới hạn (limiting adj): Tính từ giới hạn tính từ số lượng, khoảng cách, tính chất sở hữu, Ví dụ:  số đếm: one, two…  số thứ tự: first, second…  tính chất sử hữu: his, your, my…  đại từ định: this that, these…  số lượng: much, few, many… Tính từ tận –ing –ed Adjectives of attitude or adjectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ (Các tính từ thái độ tính từ tận đuôi –Ing – ed Một số động từ thêm –Ing - ed dùng tính từ, chúng có nghĩa tương tự cách dùng khác Cụ thể: * Tính từ ‘ –ing ‘ thường có ý nghĩa “ gây ra” (thường dùng cho vật việc) * Tính từ ‘ –ed’ thường có ý nghĩa “bị/ được” (thường dùng cho người) Ví dụ: - Learning English is interesting - Many students are interested in learning English Adjectives endind with “Ving” Structures  S + Be + Ving  S (person) + Find + O (thing) + Ving  A / An / The + Ving + Noun  The most + Ving + Noun  Anything / something + Ving  Have a very + Ving + Noun Adjectives Fascinating (lôi cuốn) Exciting (sôi động) Amusing (vui, hay) Amazing (kinh ngạc) Astonishing (kinh ngạc) Shocking (sửng sốt) Ms Honey Adjectives ending with “Ved” S + Be + Ved +   Prep S (person) + Make / feel / look (O) + Ved   S + Get + Ved S + Be + Adv (often, always, never, sometimes, usually ) + Ved Fascinated (lôi cuốn) + by Excited (sôi động) + about / at / by Amused (vui, hay) + at / by Amazed (kinh ngạc) + at / by Astonished (kinh ngạc) + at / by Shocked (sửng sốt) + by Page PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES Disgusting (kinh tởm) Embarrassing (bối rối) Confusing (bối rối) Horrifying (kinh hồng) Terrifying (kinh khiếp) Frightening (sợ hãi) Depressing (nản chí) Worrying (lo lắng) Annoying (quấy rầy, làm phiền) Disgusted (kinh tởm) + at /by / with Embarrassed (bối rối) + about / at Confused (bối rối) + about Horrified (kinh hoàng) + by Terrified (kinh khiếp) + of/ at Frightened (sợ hãi) + of Depressed (nản chí) + about Worried (lo lắng) + about Annoyed (quấy rầy, làm phiền) + with (person) Annoyed (quấy rầy, làm phiền) + at / about Exhausting (kiệt sức) (thing) Satisfying (thỏa mãn) Exhausted (kiệt sức) Interesting (thú vị) Satisfied (thỏa mãn) + with Boring (chán) Interested (thú vị) + in Surprising (ngạc nhiên) Bored (chán) + with Tiring (mệt mỏi) Surprised (ngạc nhiên) + at / by Disappointing (thất vọng) Tired (mệt mỏi) + of Disappointed (thất vọng) + at / by sth Frustrating (thất vọng) Disappointed (thất vọng) + in / with sth / sb Irritating (kích thích, chọc tức) Frustrated (thất vọng) + at / with Irritated (kích thích, chọc tức) + at/ by /with Examples The film is interesting I am interested in football I find the radio boring You make her surprised It is an amusing game I am never exhausted The most interesting book is Harry I feel bored Porter He has a very annoying dog II VỊ TRÍ VÀ CHỨC NĂNG CỦA TÍNH TỪ Tính từ làm tính từ (attributive use) bổ ngữ (predicate use) Làm tính từ: – Khi làm tính từ, tính từ tiếng Anh thường đứng trước danh từ Ví dụ: It is a hot day.This is a new car Nam will become a good worker – Những trường hợp đặc biệt: + Đứng sau nhóm từ ngụ ý đo lường :A river two hundred kilometers long A man eighty years old + Đứng sau everything, anything, something, nothing ; I’ll tell you something new ,There is nothing new + Đứng sau danh từ cần nhóm từ bổ nghĩa cho He wants a glass full of milk + Trong trường hợp nhiều tính từ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ, đặt sau He has a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute Làm bổ ngữ – Tính từ làm bổ ngữ kết hợp với động từ làm thành vị ngữ câu Các động từ trước thường “to be, to turn, to become, to fall, to keep, to remain…” Ví dụ: It is cold, wet and windy Nam fell asleep – Nó theo sau động từ tân ngữ để làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ Ví dụ: The sun keeps us warm This doesn’t make me happy Chú ý: Hấu hết tính từ dùng hai chức Chỉ có số động từ dùng làm bổ ngữ sau: alive, afraid, ashamed, aware, asleep, awake, alone III QUI TẮC CẤU TẠO TÍNH TỪ Tính từ đơn • Noun + y Ví dụ: rain + y –> rainy wind + y –> windy sun + y –> sunny • Noun + ly Ví dụ: day + ly –> daily man + ly –> manly Ms Honey Page PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES • Noun + ful Ví dụ: care + ful –> careful beauty + ful –> beautiful • Noun + less Ví dụ: care + less –> careless home + less –> homeless • Noun + en Ví dụ: gold + en –> golden wool + en –> woolen • Noun + some Ví dụ: trouble + some –> troublesome quarrel + some –> quarrelsome • Noun/adjective + ish Ví dụ: book + ish –> bookish white + ish –> whitish girl + ish –> girlish • Noun + ous Ví dụ: humour –> humourous danger –> dangerous Tính từ ghép • Adjective + adjective Ví dụ: a dark-blue coat, a red-hot iron bar • Noun + adjective Ví dụ: snow-white cotton, the oil-rich Middle East • Noun + participle Ví dụ: a horse-drawn cart, a heart-breaking story • Adjective + participle Ví dụ: ready-made clothes, a good-looking boy • Adverb + participle Ví dụ: a newly-built house, an ill-smelling odour • Noun + noun-ed Ví dụ: a tile-roofed house • Adjective + noun-ed Ví dụ: a dark-haired girl • A group of words Ví dụ: a twenty- year- old girl, an eight-day trip, an air-to-air missile Bài tập: I Đặt tính từ ngoặc vào vị trí Bring me something to drink (cool) The leaves turn in Autumn (yellow) Woollen clothes keep our bodies (warm) Shelly is a poet (famous) I have nothing to give you (interesting) The corn waved in the wind (ripe, golden) Vietnam is a country (rich and beautiful) I found him still in his bed (asleep) Aren’t these oranges (delicious)? 10 Is she a girl (pretty)? I’m quite ex………………about it II Hồn thành câu sau tính từ ing ed Chữ tính từ cho sẵn I seldom visit art galleries I’m not very in…………………in art We went for a very long walk It was very ti………… Why you always look so b………….? Is your life really so b……? He is one of the most b…………people I’ve ever met He never stops talking and never says anything in………… III Tìm tính từ tương ứng với từ đây: Beauty, man, woman, girl, gold, cheer, care, week, month, sun, rain, fog, cloud, help, brave, wonder, pain, wood, storm, boy IV: Thay tính từ ghép A house with yellow walls A dress of the same blue as the sky A man in a black coat Flowers which smell sweet A plough drawn by an oxen A country which produces tea A face as white as the moon A girl whose hair is long V Comeplete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in brackets The book I’m reading is really _ (Interest) I’m really in reading this book (Interest) The girl was about her coming birthday party (Excite) Ms Honey Page PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES The match we saw on TV last night was very (Excite) The story I just finished had a very ending (Surprise) I was really by the ending of the story (Surprise) The characters in the story are _ (Fascinate) The child is really by the characters in the story (Facsinate) I’m _ I can’t understand the instructions on this box (Confuse) 10 The instructions on the box are _ (Confuse) II Complete the sentences by using adjectives ending with “ed or ing”: You are really _ (excite) about the fairy tale She is often (annoy) when returning home The music programmes are _ (bore) I found your present (interest) They made me _ (shock) Computer is a (fascinate) invention I felt _ (disappoint) The most (terrify) memory in my mind was an accident There is something (move) in my shirt 10 Tom is (irritate) by the crowds 11 This football match is (bore) 12 I am (tire) of running fast 13 She isn’t often (sastisfy) with her life 14 The most _ (horrify) memory in my mind is falling down the mountain 15 The test makes Mai (worry) 16 Your party is _ (depress) 17 They have a very _ (excite) party 18 The man finds the “Titanic” film _ (amuse) 19 She feels (confuse) 20 Your appearance made me _ (surprise) last night 21 Dying is a _ (terrify) accident 22 You are _ (embarrass) about your behavior 23 At the end of the day, I am usually (exhaust) 24 They felt _ (frustrate) at the lack of progress 25 The evil face makes the baby _ (frighten) 26 His bad behavior is very (disgust) 27 We were all _ (shock) at the news of his death 28 An _ (amaze) discovery is fire 29 My parents looked (astonish) at my news 30 This drug is _ (irritate) Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án We were all (horrifying/horrified) when we heard about the disaster It’s sometimes (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money Are you (interesting/interested) in football? I enjoyed the football match It was quite (exciting/excited) It was a really (terrifying/terrified) experience Afterwards everybody was very (shocking/shocked) I had never expected to be offered the job I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered it The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages It was really (disgusting/ disgusted) Do you easily get (embarrassing/embarrassed)? Ms Honey Page PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES I Bài 1: horrified embarrassing interested exciting terrifying amazed disgusting get embarrassed Bài 2: interested tiring bored, boring boring, interesting excited Bring me something cool to drink The leaves turn yellow in Autumn Woollen clothes keep our bodies warm Shelly is a famous poet I have nothing interesting to give you The golden ripe corn waved in the wind Vietnam is a rich and beautiful country I found him still asleep in his bed Aren’t these oranges delicious? 10 Is she a pretty girl? II Bài 1: beauty –> beautiful man –> manly woman –> womanly girl –> girlish gold –> golden cheer –> cheerful care –> careful week –> weekly month –> monthly sun –> sunny rain –> rainy fog –> foggy cloud –> cloudy help –> helpful brave –> bravery wonder –> wonderful pain –> painful Ms Honey Page PARTS OF SPEECH ADJECITVES wood –> wooden storm –> stormy boy –> boyish Bài 2: A house with yellow walls = a yellow-walled house A dress of the same blue as the sky = a blue sky dress A man in a black coat = a black-coated man Flowers which smell sweet = sweet-smelling flowers A plough drawn by an oxen = an oxen drawn plough A country which produces tea = a tea-producing country A face as white as the moon = a moon-white face A girl whose hair is long = a long haired girl III Bài 1: Her daughter is as beautiful as her Summer is the hottest season of the year That dog isn’t as dangerous as it looks In the past, people were more polite than today It is colder today than it was yesterday Our hotel was cheaper than all the others in the town What’s the longest river in the world It was an awful day It was the worst day of my life Everest is the highest mountain in the world It is higher than any other mountain 10 I prefer this chair to the other one It’s more comfortable Bài 2: This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted –> I’ve never tasted a more delicious cake than this one I’ve never met any more dependable person than George –> George is the most dependable person I’ve ever met There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother –> Your mother is more kind-hearted than anyone There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John –> Mr John is the best teacher in this school Have you got any bigger hat than that one? –> Is this the smallest hat you’ve got? IV Đáp án: Aunt Betty wants a square gray stone coffee table The king took an exhausting 2-week trip These are delicious huge chocolate chip cookies! Alice prefers black Italian leather furniture Archeologists get very excited when they find large prehistoric animal bones Ms Honey Page ... (Confuse) 10 The instructions on the box are _ (Confuse) II Complete the sentences by using adjectives ending with “ed or ing”: You are really _ (excite) about the fairy tale She is often