The impact of human capital and social capital on income of university graduate in ho chi minh city

UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL ON INCOME OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATE IN HCM CITY BY NGUYỄN LIÊN HỒNG PHÚC MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2013 UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES HO CHI MINH CITY THE HAGUE VIETNAM THE NETHERLANDS VIETNAM - NETHERLANDS PROGRAMME FOR M.A IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS THE IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CAPITAL ON INCOME OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATE IN HCM CITY A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS By NGUYỄN LIÊN HỒNG PHÚC Academic Supervisor: NGUYỄN VĂN PHƯƠNG HO CHI MINH CITY, JULY 2013 Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ABTRACT iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: 1.1 Problem Statement 1.2 Research Objective 1.3 Research Question 1.4 Research Methodology CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Social capital and status attainment theory 2.2 Human capital and status attainment theory 2.3 Measurement of human capital 11 2.4 Measurement of social capital 13 2.5 Relationship between human capital and social capital 17 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Data collection 20 3.3 The empirical model 21 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 34 4.1 Descriptive Statistics 34 4.2 Modeling Analyses 38 i 4.3 Explanation of coefficients 42 4.4 Policy implication 43 CHAPTER CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENTDATION 46 REFERENCE 48 Appendix 1: Correlation matrices 59 Appendix 2: Heteroskedasticity Test: (Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey) 60 Appendix 3: Normality Test 61 Appendix 4: Regression result 62 Appendix 5: Regression result of continuous dependent variable 63 Appendix 6: KMO and Bartlett's Test (Social capital) 64 Appendix 7: Anti-image Matrices 65 Appendix 8: Extracting the Factors 67 Appendix 9: Giving the factors meaning 68 Appendix 10: Obtaining the factor score coefficient matrix 69 Appendix 11: Obtaining standardized scores 70 Appendix 12: Regression result (CFA method for social capital) 71 Appendix 13: QUESTIONAIRS 72 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank my academic supervisor Dr Nguyễn Văn Phương at Vietnam National University HCMC International University for the support, the ideas and constructive comments that helped me a lot to successfully finish this master thesis I also would like to thank Dr Phạm Khánh Nam and Dr Nguyễn Hữu Dũng for supporting during Thesis Research Design and encouragement I also am deeply grateful to my family for their love, support, encouragement and trust in me during the time of thesis processing iii ABTRACT My study investigates the effects of human capital and social capital on income of university’s graduate in Ho Chi Minh City Human capital is captured by English proficiency, computer skills, and communication skills Social capital is categorized by home-based capital, friend connection, extracurricular activities, peer relationship, teacher-student relationship, and university impact My study employs the data through the own survey in 2012 The empirical results are as follow: i) The English proficiency and communication skills have the significant impact on income of university’s graduate ii) The parent education and teacherstudent relationship also have the significant positive effect on income of university graduate The message from my study can give to students, educators, and educational policy makers about the effect of social capital, and human capital on income iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: 1.1 Problem Statement There are many studies about human capital and social capital alone on different status attainments such as economics, education, environmental, and many other things with different levels of impact on individual, firm, organization, and society instead of the combination between them Many researchers argue that the relationship between human capital and social capital are substitution (Piazza-Georgi 2002) The other side argues that it has the complementary relationship (Bruderl and Preisendorfer 1998) In the current market economy in Vietnam, education is the driven factor to increase knowledge and competency Human capital is the key factor to increase value such as wages, competencies, and productivity not only for individual but also for firm and society as a whole (Denison, 1962; Schultz, 1961) The study of Grayson in 2004 found that human capital had the positive contribution to income of university graduate in Canada Government has recently attracted many multi-nation companies to invest in Vietnam so the demand of economy is increasing the demand for employee with a certain form human capital to meet the requirements of the competitive business environment 'The knowledge, skills and competencies and other attributes embodied in individuals that are relevant to economic activity' is the definition of human capital (OECD, 1998) With the context of my study, the human capital is captured by English proficiency, computer skills, and communication skills (Santarelli and Hien, 2012) On the other hand, many studies investigate the effect of social capital on the many desirable outcomes of individual, household, and firm level The study of Yandan Wang examined the effect of social capital on job outcome of university graduate by using the NELS – National Education Longitudinal Study in 2008 The study emphasized how importance of the university environment to build up the social capital that had the positive relationship with job outcome for university graduates The study carried out by Nguyen Van Ha to see the impact of social capital on the household welfare in paper-recycling craft village in Vietnam in 2004 The other study of Ha Anh Tuan carried out to examine the impact of social capital on individual income in Ho Chi Minh City We rarely see many researches to combine the human capital and social capital impact on one desirable outcome, especially for the level of individual 1.2 Research Objective With the above in mind, I am going to investigate the impact of combination between human capital and social capital on the income of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City In the transition period of university graduate, the family and school (Yadan Wang, 2008) generate the social network Human capital accumulates through learning during university period The message from my study can give to students, educators, and educational policy makers about the effect of social capital, and human capital on income 1.3 Research Question The major relationships investigated in this study are: Research question 1: Does the investment of individual for the human capital bring the positive relationship to income? Research question 2: Does the current social capital and cumulative social capital during university period have the positive impact on income of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City? 1.4 Research Methodology My study uses the survey data of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City with the samples size is 252 The combinations of three method of survey are face-toface interview, drop off, and email The econometric method employed is OLS (Ordinary Least Square) with robust standard errors The major independent variables in the proposed model are cumulative social capital during university (extra-curricular activity, voluntary service work, and social connection), current social capital, and Home base social capital represented by Social Economic Status (parent education level); Human capitals which measured by English skills, communication skills, and computer skills The result of this study aims many readers First, student can use this as a preference for good preparation for the transition period Second, educators and educational policy makers can use this to have the good design program for student during university to achieve the desirable human and social capital CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Before carrying out the study, we have to know that what the definition of social capital, human capital is How is the relationship between human capital and social capital? What is the theory behind that? In particularly, we have to answer the question what the definition of social capital and human capital is in the context of this study, and how we can measure it 2.1 Social capital and status attainment theory Bourdieu (1986) defines social capital as “the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possessions of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition.” He focused on the social capital with relationships such as family, schooling, and workplace environment He states that social capital involves “transforming contingent relations, such as those of neighborhood, the workplace, or even kinship, into relationships that are at once necessary and elective, implying durable obligations subjectively felt (feelings of gratitude, respect, friendship, etc.)” (1983) Three form of social capital are obligations and expectations, relational networks, and social trust and norms (Coleman, 1990) The social capital can help individual to obtain their objective and mission through the social relationship and network of social tie The study of Coleman, which carried out in 1988 to examined the relationship between the social capital and education achievement by using the series of National Educational Longitudinal Study He refers social capital to social relationships that can help individual to accomplish a task or Appendix 2: Heteroskedasticity Test: (Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey) F-statistic 0.87 Prob F(19,232) 0.62 Obs*R-squared 16.81 Prob Chi-Square(19) 0.60 Scaled explained SS 10.14 Prob Chi-Square(19) 0.95 Test Equation: Dependent Variable: RESID^2 Method: Least Squares Date: 06/16/13 Time: 17:17 Sample: 252 Included observations: 252 Variable Coefficient Std Error t-Statistic Prob C 0.53 1.00 0.53 0.60 ENG 0.08 0.13 0.58 0.56 COMP 0.08 0.16 0.49 0.63 COMUSKI -0.11 0.19 -0.60 0.55 PAREEDU 0.06 0.09 0.74 0.46 FRIE -0.12 0.07 -1.76 0.08 FRIEMEET 0.19 0.12 1.50 0.13 ECA1 -0.21 0.13 -1.59 0.11 ECA2 0.09 0.18 0.50 0.62 PEEREDU 0.13 0.17 0.79 0.43 PEERPOPU1 0.15 0.15 1.00 0.32 PEERPOPU2 -0.11 0.19 -0.59 0.56 TEACHSTU1 0.10 0.18 0.58 0.57 TEACHSTU2 -0.11 0.13 -0.80 0.42 TEACHSTU3 0.16 0.14 1.19 0.23 TEACHSTU4 -0.16 0.18 -0.91 0.37 IMPSTU1 -0.04 0.19 -0.24 0.81 IMPSTU2 0.02 0.19 0.10 0.92 IMPSTU3 0.18 0.17 1.06 0.29 IMPSTU4 -0.11 0.16 -0.71 0.48 R-squared 0.07 Mean dependent var 1.35 Adjusted R-squared -0.01 S.D dependent var 1.61 S.E of regression 1.62 Akaike info criterion 3.88 Sum squared resid 610.48 Schwarz criterion 4.16 Log likelihood -469.06 Hannan-Quinn criter 3.99 F-statistic 0.87 Durbin-Watson stat 1.46 Prob(F-statistic) SCALAR Chisao=@QCHISQ(0.95,9) Chisao= 32.67 Chisao= 32.67> LM=Obs*R-squared =16.81=>There is no Heteroskedasticity matter 60 Appendix 3: Normality Test 30 Series: Residuals Sample 252 Observations 252 25 20 15 10 -3 -2 -1 61 Mean Median Maximum Minimum Std Dev Skewness Kurtosis 1.30e-16 -0.041494 2.880942 -3.126483 1.164512 0.079863 2.422765 Jarque-Bera Probability 3.766480 0.152096 Appendix 4: Regression result Dependent Variable: INCOME Method: Least Squares Sample: 252 Included observations: 252 Variable Coefficient Std Error t-Statistic Prob C -1.23 0.75 -1.65 0.10 ENG 0.24 0.10 2.49 0.01 COMP 0.14 0.12 1.17 0.24 COMUSKI 0.26 0.14 1.89 0.06 PAREEDU 0.58 0.06 8.96 0.00 FRIE -0.05 0.05 -1.04 0.30 FRIEMEET 0.13 0.09 1.37 0.17 ECA1 0.05 0.10 0.46 0.65 ECA2 -0.13 0.13 -0.95 0.35 PEEREDU 0.19 0.12 1.57 0.12 PEERPOPU1 -0.16 0.11 -1.48 0.14 PEERPOPU2 -0.04 0.14 -0.29 0.77 TEACHSTU1 0.31 0.13 2.33 0.02 TEACHSTU2 -0.05 0.10 -0.52 0.61 TEACHSTU3 0.21 0.10 2.07 0.04 TEACHSTU4 -0.07 0.13 -0.53 0.60 IMPSTU1 0.00 0.14 0.02 0.98 IMPSTU2 -0.01 0.14 -0.09 0.93 IMPSTU3 -0.15 0.13 -1.16 0.25 IMPSTU4 0.17 0.12 1.40 0.16 R-squared 0.41 Mean dependent var 3.18 Adjusted R-squared 0.37 S.D dependent var 1.52 S.E of regression 1.21 Akaike info criterion 3.30 Sum squared resid 340.38 Schwarz criterion 3.58 Log likelihood -395.45 Hannan-Quinn criter 3.41 F-statistic 8.65 Durbin-Watson stat 0.56 Prob(F-statistic) 0.00 62 Appendix 5: Regression result of continuous dependent variable Dependent Variable: LOGINCOME Method: Least Squares Sample: 252 Included observations: 252 Variable Coefficient Std Error t-Statistic Prob C 6.24 0.13 47.06 0.00 ENG 0.04 0.02 2.53 0.01 COMP 0.03 0.02 1.45 0.15 COMUSKI 0.03 0.02 1.15 0.25 PAREEDU 0.09 0.01 7.67 0.00 FRIE 0.00 0.01 -0.44 0.66 FRIEMEET 0.04 0.02 2.19 0.03 ECA1 -0.02 0.02 -0.95 0.34 ECA2 0.00 0.02 -0.03 0.98 PEEREDU 0.03 0.02 1.27 0.21 PEERPOPU1 -0.02 0.02 -0.90 0.37 PEERPOPU2 -0.03 0.03 -1.14 0.26 TEACHSTU1 0.06 0.02 2.46 0.01 TEACHSTU2 -0.02 0.02 -0.87 0.39 TEACHSTU3 0.02 0.02 1.10 0.27 TEACHSTU4 -0.02 0.02 -0.85 0.40 IMPSTU1 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.97 IMPSTU2 -0.01 0.02 -0.27 0.79 IMPSTU3 -0.04 0.02 -1.60 0.11 IMPSTU4 0.03 0.02 1.30 0.20 R-squared 0.32 Mean dependent var 6.83 Adjusted R-squared 0.27 S.D dependent var 0.25 S.E of regression 0.22 Akaike info criterion -0.16 Sum squared resid 10.74 Schwarz criterion 0.12 Log likelihood 39.98 Hannan-Quinn criter -0.05 F-statistic 5.83 Durbin-Watson stat 0.52 Prob(F-statistic) 0.00 63 Appendix 6: KMO and Bartlett's Test (Social capital) KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-Square df Sig 64 0.740 844.896 105 0.00 Appendix 7: Anti-image Matrices FRIE FRIE MEET ECA1 ECA2 PEER EDU PEER POPU1 PEER POPU2 TEACH STU1 Anti-image TEACH Covariance STU2 TEACH STU3 TEACH STU4 IMP STU1 IMP STU2 IMP STU3 IMP STU4 Anti-image Matrices FRIE PEER PEER PEER TEACH TEACH TEACH TEACH IMP IMP IMP IMP FRIE ECA1 ECA2 MEET EDU POPU1 POPU2 STU1 STU2 STU3 STU4 STU1 STU2 STU3 STU4 0.93 0.07 -0.09 0.06 0.01 -0.02 -0.03 0.10 -0.03 0.01 0.05 0.02 -0.08 0.00 -0.07 0.07 0.94 -0.12 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 0.04 -0.07 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.09 -0.12 0.85 -0.08 -0.08 0.06 -0.04 -0.08 0.71 -0.04 -0.05 -0.21 -0.08 -0.06 0.03 -0.15 0.08 -0.04 0.00 -0.04 0.03 -0.07 -0.02 0.01 0.70 -0.25 -0.08 0.08 0.03 0.07 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.21 -0.25 0.63 -0.07 0.05 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.08 -0.07 0.68 -0.11 -0.19 -0.11 0.05 0.02 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.07 0.02 0.01 -0.07 -0.08 -0.04 -0.03 0.04 -0.08 -0.06 -0.08 0.10 -0.07 0.03 -0.15 0.08 0.05 -0.11 0.77 -0.19 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 0.08 -0.04 0.03 -0.02 -0.19 -0.19 0.75 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.04 0.07 -0.02 -0.11 -0.03 -0.01 0.51 0.05 -0.05 0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.05 0.07 -0.06 -0.27 0.02 -0.08 0.02 -0.07 0.01 0.02 -0.08 0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.07 0.04 -0.06 0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.09 0.04 -0.06 -0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.07 0.01 65 -0.01 0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.02 0.04 0.00 0.05 -0.06 0.02 -0.07 0.04 0.05 -0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.01 -0.06 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 0.07 -0.27 -0.02 0.05 0.03 -0.09 0.47 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 0.49 -0.21 -0.10 -0.09 -0.21 0.03 0.45 -0.17 -0.01 0.02 -0.10 -0.17 -0.09 0.02 -0.09 0.63 -0.02 0.03 -0.01 -0.02 0.96 FRIE FRIE MEET ECA1 ECA2 PEER EDU PEER POPU1 PEER POPU2 TEACH STU1 Anti-image TEACH Correlation STU2 TEACH STU3 TEACH STU4 IMP STU1 IMP STU2 IMP STU3 IMP STU4 Anti-image Matrices FRIE PEER PEER PEER TEACH TEACH TEACH TEACH IMP IMP IMP IMP FRIE ECA1 ECA2 MEET EDU POPU1 POPU2 STU1 STU2 STU3 STU4 STU1 STU2 STU3 STU4 0.52 0.07 -0.10 0.08 0.01 -0.02 -0.04 0.12 -0.03 0.02 0.08 0.03 -0.12 0.01 -0.07 0.07 0.71 -0.13 -0.04 -0.09 -0.01 0.05 -0.08 -0.02 -0.01 -0.07 -0.10 -0.13 0.75 -0.10 -0.10 0.08 -0.04 -0.10 0.75 -0.06 -0.07 -0.31 -0.11 -0.09 0.04 -0.21 0.10 -0.05 -0.01 -0.06 0.05 -0.11 -0.03 0.02 0.66 -0.38 -0.11 0.11 0.04 0.12 -0.02 -0.01 -0.07 -0.31 -0.38 0.70 -0.11 0.07 -0.03 -0.04 0.00 -0.14 -0.11 0.79 -0.16 -0.27 -0.19 0.08 0.03 -0.10 -0.06 -0.02 0.12 0.04 0.01 -0.09 -0.10 -0.06 -0.04 0.05 -0.11 -0.09 -0.11 0.12 -0.08 0.04 -0.21 0.11 0.07 -0.16 0.61 -0.25 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 0.10 -0.05 0.04 -0.03 -0.27 -0.25 0.74 -0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 0.12 -0.04 -0.19 -0.04 -0.01 0.72 0.05 -0.03 -0.03 0.00 0.08 0.12 -0.09 -0.56 0.08 -0.07 0.03 -0.12 0.03 -0.11 0.02 0.03 -0.14 0.03 0.04 -0.03 -0.04 0.00 0.00 -0.13 0.08 -0.10 0.01 -0.01 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.03 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.15 0.05 -0.07 -0.05 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.07 0.01 66 -0.03 0.03 0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.03 0.05 0.00 0.08 -0.07 0.03 -0.13 0.08 0.07 -0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.04 -0.02 -0.09 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 0.08 -0.56 -0.04 0.07 0.06 -0.15 0.72 -0.16 -0.20 -0.16 0.80 -0.45 -0.18 -0.20 -0.45 0.04 0.76 -0.33 -0.02 0.05 -0.18 -0.33 -0.13 0.05 -0.13 0.83 -0.02 0.04 -0.02 -0.02 0.43 Appendix 8: Extracting the Factors Component Matrixa Factor Matrixa Component Factor FRIE 0.02 -0.13 0.37 0.66 0.10 FRIE 0.02 -0.08 0.18 0.18 -0.20 FRIEMEET 0.20 0.25 0.00 -0.46 -0.33 FRIEMEET 0.15 0.15 0.01 -0.09 0.17 ECA1 0.30 0.29 0.40 0.10 -0.36 ECA1 0.23 0.19 0.24 0.07 0.02 ECA2 0.40 0.60 -0.10 -0.10 0.16 ECA2 0.34 0.51 -0.04 -0.11 0.13 PEEREDU 0.31 0.51 0.50 -0.02 0.05 PEEREDU 0.26 0.41 0.44 0.00 0.01 PEERPOPU1 0.45 0.57 0.31 -0.03 0.07 PEERPOPU1 0.40 0.52 0.33 -0.08 0.01 PEERPOPU2 0.56 0.31 -0.24 0.34 0.03 PEERPOPU2 0.51 0.35 -0.20 0.20 -0.32 TEACHSTU1 0.18 0.30 -0.68 0.15 -0.01 TEACHSTU1 0.15 0.31 -0.58 0.16 0.22 TEACHSTU2 0.42 0.17 -0.54 0.30 0.00 TEACHSTU2 0.36 0.19 -0.38 0.11 -0.10 TEACHSTU3 0.67 -0.21 -0.21 -0.25 0.07 TEACHSTU3 0.64 -0.14 -0.22 -0.32 -0.11 TEACHSTU4 0.69 -0.30 -0.03 -0.35 0.16 TEACHSTU4 0.71 -0.27 -0.05 -0.46 -0.02 IMPSTU1 0.72 -0.32 0.19 0.01 -0.11 IMPSTU1 0.69 -0.25 0.16 0.14 0.13 IMPSTU2 0.72 -0.36 0.17 0.12 -0.05 IMPSTU2 0.72 -0.32 0.16 0.29 0.09 IMPSTU3 0.60 -0.42 -0.01 0.13 -0.12 IMPSTU3 0.54 -0.30 -0.03 0.23 0.05 IMPSTU4 0.09 -0.02 0.15 -0.09 0.84 IMPSTU4 0.07 -0.01 0.07 -0.05 -0.01 67 Appendix 9: Giving the factors meaning Component Matrixa Component Pattern Matrixa Component 0.66 0.10 FRIE 0.02 -0.13 0.37 FRIEMEET 0.20 0.25 ECA1 0.30 0.29 ECA2 0.40 0.60 -0.10 -0.10 PEEREDU 0.31 0.51 PEERPOPU1 0.45 0.57 PEERPOPU2 0.56 0.31 -0.24 0.34 TEACHSTU1 0.18 0.30 -0.68 0.15 -0.01 TEACHSTU1 -0.16 -0.14 0.79 0.10 -0.09 TEACHSTU2 0.42 0.17 -0.54 0.30 0.00 TEACHSTU2 0.12 -0.09 0.77 -0.09 -0.08 TEACHSTU3 0.67 -0.21 -0.21 -0.25 0.07 TEACHSTU3 0.65 -0.08 0.15 0.27 0.10 TEACHSTU4 0.69 -0.30 -0.03 -0.35 0.16 TEACHSTU4 0.75 -0.03 -0.08 0.27 0.22 IMPSTU1 0.72 -0.32 0.19 0.01 -0.11 IMPSTU1 0.80 0.10 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 IMPSTU2 0.72 -0.36 0.17 0.12 -0.05 IMPSTU2 0.82 0.05 -0.02 -0.18 -0.02 IMPSTU3 0.60 -0.42 -0.01 0.13 -0.12 IMPSTU3 0.75 -0.15 0.08 -0.13 -0.11 IMPSTU4 0.09 -0.02 IMPSTU4 0.01 0.10 -0.13 -0.21 0.89 FRIE 0.07 0.12 0.01 -0.78 0.07 0.00 -0.46 -0.33 FRIEMEET 0.07 0.27 -0.11 0.58 -0.29 0.40 ECA1 0.10 0.57 -0.10 -0.04 -0.34 0.16 ECA2 -0.13 0.53 0.35 0.19 0.16 0.50 -0.02 0.05 PEEREDU -0.06 0.80 -0.15 -0.04 0.10 0.31 -0.03 0.07 PEERPOPU1 -0.01 0.77 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.03 PEERPOPU2 0.10 -0.36 0.15 -0.09 0.84 68 0.15 0.26 0.63 -0.20 -0.02 Appendix 10: Obtaining the factor score coefficient matrix Component Score Coefficient Matrix Component FRIE 0.01 -0.07 0.23 0.59 0.10 FRIEMEET 0.06 0.13 0.00 -0.41 -0.31 ECA1 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.09 -0.34 ECA2 0.12 0.32 -0.06 -0.09 0.15 PEEREDU 0.09 0.27 0.31 -0.02 0.05 PEERPOPU1 0.13 0.30 0.19 -0.02 0.06 PEERPOPU2 0.16 0.17 -0.15 0.31 0.03 TEACHSTU1 0.05 0.16 -0.43 0.13 -0.01 TEACHSTU2 0.12 0.09 -0.34 0.27 0.00 TEACHSTU3 0.19 -0.11 -0.13 -0.23 0.07 TEACHSTU4 0.20 -0.16 -0.02 -0.31 0.15 IMPSTU1 0.21 -0.17 0.12 0.01 -0.11 IMPSTU2 0.21 -0.19 0.11 0.11 -0.05 IMPSTU3 0.17 -0.23 0.00 0.12 -0.12 IMPSTU4 0.03 -0.01 0.10 -0.08 0.80 69 Component Score Covariance Compo 1 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 Appendix 11: Obtaining standardized scores Descriptive Statistics 252 252 252 -2.90 -3.63 -2.39 Std Deviation 2.86 0.00 1.00 2.96 0.00 1.00 3.51 0.00 1.00 252 -2.37 2.31 0.00 1.00 252 252 -2.70 2.43 0.00 1.00 N Minimum Maximum Mean FRIEND Extra Curricular Activity - ECA Peer relationship-PEER Teacher and Student relationship - TECHSTU College impact - IMPSTU Valid N (listwise) 70 Appendix 12: Regression result (CFA method for social capital) Mod el R 0.60 Model Summary R Adjusted R Square Square 0.36 0.34 Model (Constant) ENG COMP COMUSKILL PAREEDU FRIEND Extra Curricular Activity-ECA Peer relationship-PEER Teacher and Student relationshipTECHSTU College impact-IMPSTU Std Error of the Estimate 1.24 Coefficients Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients t Sig Std B Beta Error -0.28 0.43 -0.66 0.51 0.21 0.09 0.13 2.29 0.02 0.21 0.12 0.11 1.78 0.08 0.29 0.14 0.14 2.16 0.03 0.56 0.06 0.48 8.70 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.68 0.49 0.00 0.08 0.00 -0.02 0.98 -0.10 0.08 -0.06 -1.13 0.26 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.96 -0.01 0.08 -0.01 -0.15 0.88 71 Appendix 13: QUESTIONAIRS I PERSONAL INFORMATION Sex: Position (Job title): When did you graduate? II EDUCATION ACHIEVEMENT - HUMAN CAPITAL English proficiency: Computer skill (Microsoft office) (Meet your current job requirement): Communication skill III SOCIAL CAPITAL III.1 Social Economic Status: Year of schooling of parent: III.2 Friend How many friends you have? 72 How often you contact these friends a month? (Direct meeting: Coffee, diner ) III.3 Extra Curricular Activity - ECA (Student period) 10 Did you participate any ECA in university? 11 Did you participate in community volunteer work? (Green summer volunteer campaign, traffic control ) III.4 Peer relationship - view of education (Student period): 12 Among your friends, how important to have a good grade? III.5 Peer relationship - peer popularity (Student period): 13 Among your friends, how important of playing sport? 14 Among your friends, How important to get together with friend? III.6 Teacher and Student relationship - Student period: 15 Was teacher interested in student? (in term of Learning) 16 Was student graded fairly? 73 17 Was there any cheating in university such as examination? 18 Did teacher ignore cheating in university? III.7 College impact to your job 19 Do you think your study at university will bring you a better job? 20 Do you think your study at university will bring you higher salary? 21 Do you think your study at university will bring you higher responsibility? 22 Do you think your study at university will bring you a better opportunity to get promotion? IV.INCOME (gross salary and before PIT) 23 Could you please tell me your monthly income from your main job (Million VND) ? 74 ... With the above in mind, I am going to investigate the impact of combination between human capital and social capital on the income of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City In the transition period... period have the positive impact on income of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City? 1.4 Research Methodology My study uses the survey data of university graduate in Ho Chi Minh City with the samples... during the time of thesis processing iii ABTRACT My study investigates the effects of human capital and social capital on income of university? ??s graduate in Ho Chi Minh City Human capital is captured