Journal of Entomology and Zoology V12

JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY ^,^y.db(jq.H VOLUME XII 1920 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE DEPAR TMENT OF ZOOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNL^, U S A CONTENTS OF VOLUME Volume XII, Number Campbell, Arthur California Spiders, pede 69 Centipedes and Millepedes Near Claremont, 24 .Spiders from gion, 25 H Corwin, Genevieve Microscopic Studies of the Water of the Claremont-Laguna Region, 72 Case, Susie Central tilus from Claremont-Laguua Re- William A Nervous System Iton, of My- General Chamberlain, Ralph V Notes on the Sipunculida of Laguna Beach, 30 of Centi- a Hilton, William A Notes on the Central Nervous System of a I'Vee-Liviing Marine Nematode 82 Volume XII, Number Munz, Philip A K Reactions pede, 79 Californianus, 11 Volume XII, Number S Central Nervous System of a Cen- Chamberlain, Ralph V New XII Study of tlie l''oo(l Habits of Ithacan Species of \nura During Transformation, 33 the Alexander, Charles P .\'ew Species of Crane-Flies from the United States and Canada 85 Hilton, William A The Central Nervous System of Three Bivalves, 57 W A Notes on Pacific Coast Hilton, Pycyno- gonids, 93 Volume XII, Number Cowles, Raymond B and Some Notes on List \ W Caldw^ell, J.; Durant, Uca Musica, the Lizards and Snakes Represented in the Pomona College Museum, Caldwell, 63 J l.epidopia Lorbeer, 94 Myojis, 95 Howard I''rcniita Analo.ga 96 William A The Central Nervous System of an Unknown Species of Marine Jlilton, Leech, 67 Hilton, William A The Nervous System and Sense Organs, I, II and III, to I INDEX TO VOLUME C AU-xaiuk-r I'., Leccli 07 85 Lepidopia niyops Aiuira 33 Ca.sf Susie, Caldwell, W Central nervous Microscopic 69 S., Centipede, 24 67 Lorbeer, H., 96 94 95 .A 79 sy.-es passes light through or near the centers of the laterals; of the medians; median eyes or very nearly eyes equal median eyes nearly of so, same separated by strongly spined ; a beneath, typically at of series short, a long, row of tib + mm of lateral Posterior radius male with spur or process; side, fewer smaller ones and especially stout spines Metatarsus I with a strong angle, or Palpal organ as shown in mm Length of pi 1, fig tib -]- pat., 1.5 mm.; mm Claremont C Z 379 Wm A Hilton DICTYNID,^ A maurohius nigrelhu sp Female in I four close-set Length of cephalothorax, pat! IV, 5.5 Type M half their along each spines end distal process, at middle of the ventral edge Length, 10 Tibia laterals stout oblique the ectoventral corner of the Anterior and posterior than less with diameter twice that e\"es anterior medians from which separated by the as size their radius, closer to the posterior lateral diameter apart their — Carapace dusky chestnut to nov Sternum nearly black and endites black or blackish excepting across coll solid black Labium Legs dusky brown, the femora tips Abdomen above and laterally blackish brown, the background black numerous minute yellowish dots; venter mesally immaculate black Anterior median eyes their diameter apart, once and a half as far from the laterals Posterior row of eyes but little longer than the anterior; median eyes nearly twice their diameter apart, and almost two and a half times their diameter from the darker, blackish lightened by Area of median eyes wider behind than in front and longer than wide Tibia Tibia IV with four spines unarmed Anterior metatarsi well spined beneath Tibia- III and beneath, these in a longitudinal line with an extra one at distal end IV with a small spine at the base above, in this differing from the other known North American species Lower margin of furrow of chelicera? armed with two laterals I teeth Epigynum a plate subcordate in outline with a median longitudinal band ex- tended laterad on each side behind Length mm Type— M Length of C Z., 374 tib -|- pat Cal., I, Claremont mm.; Prof Paranxnniis gen of tib -j- pat Wm IV, the same A Hilton no\' Resembles Auximus It differs in eight teeth, proximal A is in eye characters, but eyes of both rows nearly equidistant having the lower margin of the furrow of the chelicerar anned with instead of four or (i\'e, of which the most distal instead of the most largest; upper furrow with tlircc teeth of which the median is largest notalile feattire of the genus is that the patella of the genotype, bears a stout apophysis Genotype — P • tardatus sp nov male palpus, M least in the Pomona Parauximus larJatus — Carapace College, Claremont, California st> nov Legs with somewhat obscure dusky Labium and endites chestnut, pale across tips Chelicerae dusky annuli over vellow Abdomen dark over sides, dorsally a pointed mark outlined in black from chestnut Male base dusky over Venter by a series of mesally connected chevron marks angular extension from the dark of each side just in middle, followed to light grey with an immaculate front of the margin of brown light spinnerets, the two processes not meeting the furrow of the chelicera: the in Lower line and proximad of middle bearing four large teeth Anterior median eyes very small, rather less than half the near their diameter apart and about the same distance from Posterior row of eyes straight; median eyes smaller than the laterals these four smaller ones diameter the of the laterals, laterals their diameter apart and the same distance or a little less from the laterals Anterior laterals larger than posterior laterals and separated from them by about a radius of the latter Tibiae and metatarsi and 11 armed beneath with three pairs About of spines Palpus as shown numerous in plate 1, rig Patella with a stout apophysis bearing distally spines Type— M C Z 377 Claremont and the structure of the Readily distinguishable by the characters of the eyes male palpus Auximus — full lis I- 1- Its sp nov appearance much resembling the preceding, though typiFemale A species Sternum yellow Labium cally paler with the carapace and legs niucli more yellow chestnut, in across pale tip, somewhat similarly type indistinct to The species lighter; endites the that of the is also distally pale Abdomen colored preceding species, but the dorsal markings distinguished easily from the preceding by in its the much larger anterior median eyes, which equal or nearly equal the laterals and obviously exceed the posterior medians and which are separated from each other by rather less than their radius and from the laterals by not more than once and a half their Posterior median eyes separated by near once and two-thirds their diameter diameter and from the laterals by twice and a much larger Lower margin of furrow half their diameter, the laterals Lateral eyes on each side separated by their radius or less armed with four teeth Tibia? I and II and metatarsi I and II each armed beneath with three pairs of spines Epigynum, apparently not quite fully chitinized, shown in plate 1, fig Length of tib.+pat I, 5.7 Length 12.5 mm Length of cephalothorax, mm of chelicera mm ; of IV, the same tib -|- pat Type—M C Z 376 \Vm A Hilton coll .Iiiximus lalescens sp nov — Carapace tending to testaceous in posterior and lateral brown, the anterior ones often of slight chestnut cast Sternum pale chestnut and the endites and labium darker chestnut Chelicera dark chestnut or mahogany The abdomen above is dark brown to blackish, with a pos- Female regions pale Legs testaceous teriorly pointed pale chestnut to mark reaching from base chevron marks and on each side of more or less connected with it it to middle followed by a series of pale with usually three pale spots, which may be or sometimes a short light line each side; venter grey- Journal of Entomology and Zoology brown ish yellowish with two rather wide longtitudinal to dark stripes which are from the dark of the sides Anterior lateral eves with diameter once and two-thirds that of the medians; median eyes about fiveLower sixths their diameter apart, twice and a half their diameter from the laterals but narrowly separated on each side margin Tibiae furrow of chelicera with four teeth, of which the most proximal is II armed with five spines, one at base, two sub-median and two of largest apical and I Epigynum shown as in plae — Carapace Male and 1, fig somewhat paler than legs Palpal organs as represented separated Type— M Also The genus America and which to Eves less widely the author in 1909, Para- the female in fig 1, 191S coll of Prof Hilton in and the preceding species belong, known from South has not previously been recorded from North this Atlantic the plate Type taken by Cal.: Claremont C Z 373 1913 types take in in Islands, America Diityua minus nov sp — Female Pars cephalica yellowish, other parts Sternum yellowish, sometimes a little dusky, with ordinarily paler Legs not annulate darkened and the domen above lines radiate best developed similar, and metatarsus show vague darkening tibia and anastamose of portion, labium the types though the femora yellowish, with a dark spot in dark posterior in carapace brown of the three typically these; form to a may to fuscous but endiles be slightly distal at network, the median longitudinal pairs Ab- end middle from which some front of fine line the widely separated dark spots on of Venter darker, sometimes a but these often broken or indistinct median yellow spot in front of the cribellum with one in each edge of dark area Anterior row of eyes straight; median eyes their diameter or a little more from the Area of median laterals, farther from each other Posterior eyes nearly equidistant eyes wider behind than in front Epigynum, plate 3, hg S Type— M C Z 3S5 Cal.: Los Angeles Co ham (R Chamherlin); also northern part of \' (Peck- state coll.} Has resemblance to /' calcariita occurring in same localities, hut easil> dismore widely separated eyes tlie tinguished by the structure of the epigynum and the SCYTODID.'E Ptn Ireurys — Femnli in its much longer ately shorter first Differs at sight from legs, lighter, more Abdomen dorsum lateral at base The anterior that of the medians; from the laterals than times their straight, the brown, of metlian in e\'es lasttinra, their is less in ihe with cast, longer than ratlins the distance being apart, region, chestnut cast, with the Sternum pale chestnut in like the median mark on pale mslaiieii diameter not exceeding once about their same and the proportion- much from two and farther a with and a the half removed half to three Posterior row of eyes distinctly a little recurved instead of median eyes larger than the laterals instead of a little smaller, diameter with legs are m:w of eyes smaller which occurs fuscous color cinereous of slight greenish eyes comparatively nov sp SitTion, dilute chestnut, carapace, The and higher abdomen ones not contrasting by deeper, carapace suprefuiris lastnnea I', Poniuna College, ClaremDiit, California by their longer diameter or more, separated median eyes trapezium of is much a nearer little the to The laterals \vider in proportion to the length than iii lasliincn with five to seven long, widely separated spines on ventral side, of which none Spines under metatarsvis are paired or, rarely, eight present with two at distal end Tihia numerous shorter, ver\' I Male—T\h\a plate 2, tig I Length of female, L 6.4 Palpus represented of palpus without apuphvsis at distal end in mm.; of tib Type— M mm 11 -f pat coll, 4.7 mm Length of R V Chamherlin tibia pat i mm Cal.: Los Angeles, C'laremont C Z 368 \Vm A Hilton Length of ccphalothorax, 1\', coll., 141)9 1918 DRASSin.F UrassoJes celts Female — Carapace sternum and brown Chelicera' darker vellow or with sp nov cndites and labium Abdomen pale chestnut ami testaceous, legs ventrally clear vellow furrow in front of the genital furrow excepting the dark epigynal area; behind the dusky grey over a yellow background dorsally dark olive grey due lo dense cintliing Upper margin of furrow of chelicera with three teeth of which the median of hair ; is a than their radius from the little row of eyes scarcely procurved, much longer than the anterior the anterior laterals from which separated by once latter; median eyes obli(|ue, scarcely more than their Posterior clvpeus Anterior row of eyes rather stronglv teeth more than their diameter apart and a little more laterals, which are nearly their diameter from lower edge of lower margin with two small largest; procurved; median eyes row; lateral eves smaller than and a half the diameter nf the long radius apart, twice their long diameter and nearly three times their lesser diameter laterals Tibia' I and II armed beneath with but a single spine, from the smaller which is attached and with II a little single a and toward the mesal distad of middle spine beneath, at this All base f Metatarsi I Anterior Epigynum represented metatarsi, and metatarsus III at distal end also, scopulate pi side scopulate tarsi in Length, 10 mm.; of tib -}Type M — mm Length of cephalothnrax, pa'- IV, C Z 360 4.5 mm Length of tib -f- pat I, 4.5 mm Wm Cal.: Claremont Hilton .X obviously larger species than D rahuslits which has a very different epigvnum and bears no spine under tibia I Only the male of P eatifornicus is kno\vn; but An this in li may be distinguished froin the present species bv its different eye relations; e g having the posterior laterals larger than the medians and the latter farther apart, also has two pairs of spines imder tibia, I which may not be a secnndarv character Seofitop/iaeus fnhnitariiis sp nov l-emale cox;i- — Carapace, sternum and legs pale chestnut, the posterior legs and the beneath more brown and the anterior legs dusky or blackish beyond the femora Endites like sternum, the labium and chelicera a yellow in mark at base above; venter front of genital furrow and dusky greyish yellow behind interrupted unarmed Abdoinen blackish darker chestnut grey above and laterally, with a faintly indicated pale longitudinal dark lines Epigynuin Anterior row of e\es procur\ed ; blackish it, with a pair of Furrows of chelicerie metlian e\es between one-half atul three- ; Journal of Entomology and Zoology diameter apart, only about one-eighth their diameter from fourths their smaller lateral eyes and Posterior row of eyes a than less longer than the anterior, a little diameter or scarcely more apart, closer to the their little with a single spine at distal end beneath and metatarsi Length of tib For form of epigynum see 8.5 + pat Type— M pi 3, All common and and I II well each each with one II at f Length of tib -[- pat I, mm.; 36L C Z — This I with tarsi Tibiae mm Herpyllus plus Female -, Length of cephalothorax mm mm IV, much procurved; median eyes laterals developed scopuljE and the anterior metatarsi also scopulate base beneath the diameter from the lower edge of clypeus their large form in nov sp general appearance resembles H I'alidns, which is from readily noted differences in eyes and especially in the epigynum, it may easily be distinguished in having no spines beneath on tibia I, whereas validus has three spines as on tibia II, which is similarly armed in Carapace and legs pale chestnut Sternum and endites similar the present species same region the in but, ; aside but the labium and chelicerse darker usual, the type not row of Posterior median eyes showing any eyes Abdomen grey, densely clothed with hair, as Hairs of plumose type, as usual definite markings considerably longer than clearly anterior, the procurved circular, subequal to or scarcely smaller than the laterals, slightly than their diameter apart and twice their diameter from the laterals more Anterior median eyes considerably larger than the laterals, their radius apart, closer to the laterals Furrow of chelicerae armed epigynum see pi 2, f mm Length, 11 mm.; of tib -|- pat Type— M above with three small Length of cephalothorax, IV, teeth, Length of inm below with tibia For one patella I, 4.5 mm C Z 365 R V Chamberlin Cal.: Claremont coll., 1909 Zetutes taiho sp nov — Carapace and sternum reddish yellow, the legs yellow witliout the redAbdomen grey dish cast Endites like sternum, the labium and cheliceras darker without distinct markings Posterior row of eyes distinctly longer than the anterior, Female a little procurved; median eyes elongate, elliptic, than the laterals, separated from each other by very oblique less to each other, larger than their radius, nearly their Anterior median eyes smaller than the laterals, about more than half as far from the laterals Lateral eyes on each Tibia I side separated by more than their radius but less than their diameter unarmed beneath, metatarsus I with a ventral spine at base Tibia II beneath with a submedian spine, metatarsus II with a spine at base Form of epigynum represented diameter from the laterals their radius apart, not in pi 2, f Length, 6.5 mm.; of mm tib -)- pat Type— M Length of cephalotliorax, IV, nearly the C Z 367 same or 2.9 mm Length of tib -{- pat I, 1.4 slightly less Claremont /eloles initans sp nov Male — Carapace, sternum, legs, and mouthparts dusky over a yellow background, NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSE ORGANS 14 As a result of their contraction the lessened or closed Wilson, 1910, describes membranes covering the subdermal cavity and containing pores This so-called membrane is composed of an external portion and is believed to be syncytial There are two somewhat independent devices for the closure of pores, the pore membrane and the pore canal sphincter The closure of the pore canals is dependent upon the sphincter-like band of cells on the wall of the canal These cells are in every way comparable to a primitive form of smooth muscle-fiber They are in contact with the water passing into the canal and seem capable of direct stimulation The pore membrane" is less muscle like and is perhaps of a more primitive type Parker, 1910 and 1919, considers the sponges as an important group in illustrating the most primitive condition of the nervous system of metazoans Muscle cells the independent effectors, as illustrated by the sphincters of sponges, were the first neuromuscular organs to appear The special receptors in the way of sensecells were next to appear in certain coelenterates while in other forms more complex, the adjuster or central organ was added kind of smooth muscle opening into the sponge fiber is LITERATURE Bidder, G The Q Jour Mic Sc Collar-cells of Heteroeoela pi pp 9-43 1896 Lendenfeld, R n.s vol 38, Von Ang Bd 1885 Das Nei-vensystem der Spongien 1887 Synocils, Sinnesorgane der Spongien Zool Anz bd 10, pp 142145 text fig Minchin, E A 1900 Sponges 2, chap A Zool 8, pp 47-.50 Treatise on Zoology edited bv E R Lankester fig Part Parker, G H 1909 The Origin of the Nervous System and fectors Pop Sc Mo its Appropriation of Ef- vol 75, pp 56-64 1910 The Reactions of the Sponges with a Consideration of the Origin of the Nervous System Jour Exp Zool vol 8, pp 1-41 1919 The Elementary Nervous System 53 Monog Exp Biol pp 1-229 illus Robertson, M 1911 The Division of the Collar Q Jour Mic Sc n s Cells of the Calcarea Heteroeoela Vol 57, no 226, pp 129 139, pi 19 NUMBER ONE VOLUME TWELVE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND MARCH, 1920 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS Page NEW CALIFORNIA SPIDERS— iJa/p/i V Chambtrlain CENTIPEDES AND MILLEPEDES FROM NEAR CLAREMONT SPIDERS FROM CLAREMONT-LAGUNA REGION CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF MYTILUS CALIFORNIANUS 24 25 27 William A Hilton NOTES ON THE SIPUNCULIDA OF LAGUNA BEACH 30 Ralph V Cha mbertain Entered Clsremont, Cal., Post-Offlce Oct I, 1810 March oa seiond-clasa matter, under Act of Concivsaof S lR7e Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPABTMENT OF ZOOLOOT Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially ofifei'ed in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes and papers relating to western andi Calif omian format and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches^ Foot notes, tables,, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when line cuts so far as possible is, by TVS inches or less The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and' letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases reduced, that than a thousand words will receive If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their Authors of fifty articles longer reprints of their publications free of cost articles Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail Address all communications to The Joubnal op Entomology and Zoology WiUiam A Claremont, California, U S A Hilton, Editor NUMBER TWO VOLUME TWELVE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND JUNE, 1920 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS Page A Study of the Food Habits of the Ithacan Species of Anura During Transformation Philip A Munz — The Central Nervous System of Three Bivalves —PVilliam Hilton Kotcred CUrcmont, 33 A 57 Cal Poat-Offlce Oct 1, ISIO, b« secoDd-claM matter, under Act of March li)7» Coorren of Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPAKTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes 'and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when line cuts so far as possible by 7^2 inches or less The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases reduced, that Authors of is, than a thousand words will receive fifty reprints of their publications free of cost If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles longer articles Manuscripts should be Address all sent communications The Journal by express or registered mail to of Entomology and Zoology William A Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U S A Pomona College one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean Located in west coast afford many The mountains special advantages for the study of things not in books Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants The success of the college the large proportion of the graduates work in the large universities is particularly indicated by who proceed to advanced In addition, well-manned depart- ments of music and art afford exceptional advantages For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California Pomona Located College one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet in west coast within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books Special advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred applicants The success of the college the large proportion of the graduates work is particularly indicated by who proceed to advanced In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages in the large universities For further information, address Secretary of Pomona College Claremont, California ' , NUMBER THREE VOLUME TWELVE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND SEPTEMBER, 1920 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT o/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS Page and Some Notes on the LizIIards and Snakes Represented 63 Raymond B Cowles IN the Pomona College Museum The Central Nervous System of an Unknown Species of 67 Marine Le