Journal of Entomology and Zoology V7

5q 5-1 \o(o{'^'^'^) 1- JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY VOLUME VII, 1915 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY OF POMONA COLLEGE CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A i/,i'nuiv', > G, - '\%0«1 - C^^ ^' Contents of Volume VII Volume VII, Number Van Duzee, E P Genera and Species of North American Hemiptera, 109 New Alexander, C P The Biology of the North American Crane Flies (Tipulidse Dip- Beach, tera), III, Fall, La H C lus Fisch of Pedi- (Corphyra Say), 10 Laguna Follette, R A Preliminary List of From teroptera Laguna Region, Noyes, Alice Ayr Proventiriculus of a Hydro- psyche Larva, Common He- the Claremont123 Hilton, William A of Simple Reagents on the Ganglia or Arthropods, The Action 34 Nakayama, Shonosuke 130 Notes on the Life History and Habits of the Rose Scale, Aulacaspis rosffi Bouche, 45 Neuroptera in the Claremont-Laguna Region, 134 James, Ralph P La FoUette, R Caprellidse at 122 The West Coast Species The The Blind Crab Found from Laguna Beach, Elateridas (Coleoptera) From Claremont-Laguna Region, the 136 11, 55 Clark, A Hubert Lyman Remarkable New Amphibia of the Claremont-Laguna Region, 138 Brittle Star, Ray E (Coleptera) From the Claremont-Laguna Region, 139 Gardner, 64 Elateridse Hilton, William A, Pycnogonids Collected During the Summer Beach, of 1914, at Laguna Volume VII, Number 67 Hilton, William A The Central Nervous System of Nebalia, 70 Pseudosquilla from Laguna, 11 Volume VII, Number Lloyd, J Alexander, Charles Paul The Biology of the North American Crane Flies (Tipulidce Diptera), 141 Ping, Chi Inhabitants of the Round Gall of the Goldenrod, 161 Some T Notes on Brachycentrus soma Banks, 81 Nigro- Garb, Gerson The Eversible Glands of a Chrysomelid Larva, Melasoma lap- Essig, E O Aphididae of California, XI, 180 Hilton, William A, Pycnogonids the ponica, 88 of the the Preimago tera, 98 Summer Collected During of 1915, at Laguna Beach, 201 Mosher, Edna Homology Mouth-Parts of the Lepidop- in Hamilton, W F Additional List of Annelids Laguna Beach, 207 From Volume VII, Number Cockerell, T D A The Moles, Margaret L Three Common Nudibranch-Genus Triopha in California, 228 Spiders of La- guna, 209 Cockerell, T, D, A New California Bees, 230 W F On Two New Hamilton, Hilton, William A The Early Development of Ligyda With Reference to the Nervous System, 211 Laguna, Polynoids 234 Essig, E O The Brown Ctenucha, 241 From Index to Volume VII Hamilton, W F., 207, 234 Hemerocampa oleucostigma, Aeginella, 57 hirsuta, 57 Alexander, C.P., Amphibia, 138 Annelids, 207 1, Hemiptera, 141 Heteroptera, Hydropsyche, James, R P., 99 Argiope argentata, 209 Arthropoda, 130 Augochlora pomeniella, Lachnus glehnus, La Lepidoptera, 81 Lloyd, 104 55 Catonia bicinctura, 119 producta, 120 Chrysomelidae, 88, 136 Citheronia regalis, 102 Clark, H L., 64 inflatus, 109 Cockerell, T D A., 228, 230 Coleoptera, 136, 139 J T., 81 lapponica, 88 Moles, Margaret L., 209 Mordellistina unicolor, 168 Mosher, Edna, 98 Nakayama, Nebalia, S., 45 70 Nervous system, 70, Neuroptera, 134 Noyes, A A., 34 Nudibranchia, 228 130, 211 Ophiocryptus maculosus, Opisthuria clandestina, Psedaridium breve, 58 Pedilus, 141 98, 241 occidentallis, 211 Melasoma Callosamia promethea, 180 Follette, R A., 55, 123 Ligyda Callipterus bellus, 195 Corphyra, 10 Crane flies, 1, 34 136 Klopicoris, 115 232 Aulacaspis roSce,4S Automeris, 10, 103 Bees, 230 Brachycentrus nigrisoma, Cnemodus 130, 134, 201, 211 Aphiocryptus, 64 Archips argyrospila, Caprella acutifrons, uniforma, 56 123 Hexatoma latreile, 141 Hilton, W A., 67, 70, 11, Aphididcx, 180 64 110 10 Creontiades debilis 111 Ctenucha brunnea, 241 Diadasia crassicauda, 231 Diplozona collaris, 113 abnormis, Diptera, bardii distinguendus, 22 1, 141 Dryocampa rubicunda, 102 Elateridas, 130 Eriocera brachycera, 16 alticola, 27 arizonensis, 21 bardii, 22 cavatus, 25 crotchii, 15 148 flabellatus, 15 longicornis, 149 flexiventris, 26 spinosa, 149 inconspicuus, 28 inconspicuus flavidus, Essig, E O., 180, 241 Eurosta solidaginis, 162 Exomalopsis nitens, 231 Fabia subquadrata, 122 Fall, H C, 10 Garb, G., 88 Gardner, R E., 139 Gasteracantha maura, 210 Halosydna lagunae, 210 succiniseta, 234 100 109 28 infectus, 17 lineatus, 31 longilobus, 18 monticola, 19 oregonus, 24 picipennis, 29 punctulatus, 23 punctulayus funebris, serratus, 19 vittatus, 30 24 Phyllophis coweni, Penthoptera, 152 187 albitarsis, 153 Starfish, 64 Sthenopis thule, 98 Telea polyphemus, 103 Tetragnatha laboriosa, 209 Tetralonia pomonas, 230 Ping, C P., 161 Platylygus, 111 Polynoidae, 234 Preimago, Scale, 45 Spiders, 209 98 Psallus albatus, 116 Tipulidfe, 1, 141 cuneotinctus, 118 Triopha scrippsiana, vaccini, 117 Ula, Pseudosquilla bigelowi, 11 Pycnogonidas, 67, 201 Samia cecropia, 104 228 elegans, Van Duzee, E P., 109 The Biology of the North American Crane FHes (TipuHd^ Diptera) III The Genus Ula Hahday CHARLES PAUL ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N Y.* INTRODUCTION The genus Ula was zine, Vol is 1, erected by Hallday (Entomological Maga- p 153, 1833) for the species moUissima, nov., which now recognized as being the same as the Limnohia macroptera of Macquart (Recueil Soc Sc Agricult., Lille, The genus p 158, 1826) includes six described species, macroptera Macquart, and hoUtophila Loew, of Europe; elegans Osten Sacken and paupera Osten Sacken of the United States; and javanica Alexander of Java The series of North American material that I have had for study render it probable that paupera Osten Sacken (Mon Dipt N Am., vol 4, pp 277, 278, 1869) is the same species as elegans Osten Sacken The insect varies greatly in its body color(1 c, pp 276, 277) It seems the intensity of the pattern on the wings and in ation merely species are possible, moreover, that the three European the genotype, sororcida Zetterstedt, variations of a single species, but this question cannot be decided at this time Osten Sacken in 1859 (Proc Acad Nat Sci Phila., p 199) placed this genus in the tribe Pedicini (as Pediciaformia) and in 1869 (Mon Dipt N Am., vol 4, p 274 to 278) still retained it It has been left in this tribe by all in this tribe (as Amalopina) subsequent workers, but the study of the immature stages shows The genus Ula should be that the reference is quite erroneous placed in the Limnophilini close to Ulomorpha Osten Sacken The characters of the Pedicini (?' e., larva with the anterior margin of the submental region transverse, the caudal end of the body with but two lobes; pupa with the spiracles short, the tips expanded and in * Contribution from the Limnological Laboratory of the Department of Entomology Cornell University JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY ^> truncated) are quite lacking in Via, the larva possessing five lobes around the stigmal field, the mouth-parts similar to those of Limnophila, the pupa Stannius first essentially Limnophiline, etc (Beitr zur to give us EntomoL, was the 1, p 205, 1826) any information on the immature stages of any mem- He ber of this genus vol Ula macroptera (as and remarks that the larva is very similar to that of Limnohia xanthoptera Meigen Perris (Note pour servir a I'histoire de la Cylindrotoma macroptera Macquart, in Notes pour servir a I'histoire des metamorphoses de diverses especes de Dipteres; Ann Soc Ent France, vol 7, pp 337 to 341, 1849) gives a brief description and unsatisfactory figures of this same species He describes the caudal end of the body as having but four lobes, two being lateral and two ventral; no mention is made of the median dorsal lobe, and it may have been overlooked or it may be very reduced in this species; the caudal or pilosa Schummel) states that the larva of lives in species of Agaricus, inner aspect of these lobes that surround the stigmal field are provided with small chitinized pieces which, as the author suggests, may serve as points of attachment for the muscular fibres account in part may be translated as follows The fungus His which the larvae were found was Hydnum erinaceum Bull., which grows on the trunks of living oak-trees The larvae are gregarious and frequent galleries in the fungus along which they progress by means of their mandibles, which move transversely to their bodies, by their ambulatory feet, by their short hairs and the lobes of the last segment They were found in the month of November in the Mont-de-Marsan, and a month later they were going into the earth where they transformed as pupas These latter quite resemble the pupae of Limnophila, having the same structure, same size, the same : hooks, differing only in the color, which in is uniformly testaceous, though the breathing horns, instead of being very recurved, are scarcely sinuous When the time of the last metamorphosis has come, that is about in the months of February and March, the nymph raises itself by means of the spines, comes to the surface of the earth and places itself in position; soon the head and thorax split longitudinally, and it is by this movement that the adult escapes, leaving the exuvia of the nymph fixed in the earth JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY In his original description of Ula boUtophila (Beschr Eur Dipt., Loew remarks that some of the material 1, pp 4, 5, 1869) upon which the species was based was from Krain, Austria, where it was bred from larvae dwelling in a fungus on beech trees On September 15, 1912, at Gloversville, Fulton County, New York, I took a fleshy species of Fomes (Polyporus) growing on a stump near the earth This contained about 35 larvae of Limnohla cinctipes Say, and many larvas of Ula elegans Osten Sacken The vol upper layers of the fungus and had reduced the surface to a semi-liquid state At the end of a week the whole mushroom was decayed and semi-liquid The larvae of these crane-flies infested the record of proceedings as it appears in my field-notes is as follows: N Y The specimens were placed In jars containing sand, which took up the liquids produced by the disintegration of the mushroom and provided a place for pupation "Oct 4, 1912 All of the above larvae when examined were, found to be alive and active Four Ula emerged today This limits the "Oct 14, 1912 "Sept 28, 1912, at Ithaca, pupal period to not longer than ten days." The insects continued to emerge In large numbers until the 27th when the remaining pupas were killed and preserved in At this time they were very dark-colored and evidently nearly ready to emerge as adults The larval movements may be described as follows: At each movement forward the terminal of October, alcohol segment of the larva partly telescopes into the subtermlnal and is thrown back violently at each forward movement At other times the larval motions are very actively to-and-fro, eel-like The asso- Ula in the fungus were larvae of Limnobia cinctipes Say, and a much lesser number of Limnobia triocellata Osten Sacken After transforming to the adult condition, the pupal skins are found attached to the sand by the apical one-half or the extreme caudal end of the body, often standing up perpendicularly to the ciates of surface, the exuviae being very conspicuous The rarely adult if flies are most common in the spring and ever taken during the season of midsummer fall, but are They are numerous in cool, shaded gorges and ravines, and may be swept from beds of low vegetation, such as ferns, ground-hemlock especially JOUENAL OP ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY {Taxus canadensis) ^ etc The following records taken from distribution sheets indicate the geographic my and seasonal range of Maine: Fort Kent, Aroostook Co., August 17-19, 1910 (Johnson) August 28, 1913 (Osborn) Orono, Penobscot Co., June 6, 1913 (Alexander) New Hampshire: White Mountains, July, 1863 (Osten Sacken's type of elegans) New York: Old Forge, Herkimer Co., August, 1905, at trap-lanterns (Needham) Pinnacle Mountain, altitude 2000 feet, September 16, 1911; Woodworth's Lake, altitude 1660 feet, August 22, 1910; Johnstown, altitude 600 feet May 13, 1914; these stations in Fulton Co., collected by the author Bear Creek, Freeville, Tompkins Co., May 29, 1913; Renwick Flats, May to 14, 1912; Coy Glen, April 27, 1912; these stations in Tompkins Co., collected by the author New Jersey : West Orange, Waverly, Forest Hill, May; Hemlock Falls, August; this material collected by Weidt, in the collection of Dr Dietz District of Columbia: Washington (Osthe species ; ten Sacken's type of patipera) Virginia: Fairfax Co., Rosslyn, August 25, 1912 (Knab and Malloch) Wisconsin: Price Co., August 13, 1897 (part of the W M Wheeler collection in the American Museum) The following observations upon the mating habits are given: May 14, 1912 At Renwick, Ithaca, N Y., this species was swarming about 4:30 P M.; many were "in cop" on the leaves of skunkcabbage, Symplocarptis fa^tidus There were about 15 or 20 individuals in a swarm, which takes place about a foot above the skunk-cabbage leaves Copulation is rather firm and they fly for short distances still united In copulation they usually rest on the upper surface of the leaves with all the legs on the support Swarms were noted consisting of from to 20 individuals, and usually from to 12 inches above the leaves At this time the only adult crane-fly found with Ula was Limnophila ultima Osten Sacken, which occurred in small numbers — — — ^ The Brown Ctenucha Cteniicha hrunnea Stretch E O EssiG University of California, Berkeley, California, Order Family Lepidoptera Syntomida The moths of the genus Ctenucha are exceedingly beautiful and and inasmuch as little is known regarding the different stages in the development of some of the species the writer has taken this means of recording the main facts in the metamorphosis In California there are three common species all of one of them very much alike in appearance and probably in habits Through the aid of my brother, S H Essig, I have been able to secure all the stages from the egg to the adult of what I have been calling interesting, the brown Ctenucha, C briiunea Stretch The common name origfrom the fact that the upper surfaces of the primary wings inated of this species are deciciedly light-brown in appearance, in contrast very dark-brown or almost black wings of the other Cali- to the fornia species as given in the note below Description Effffs (Fig 1) pearly-white sally, The when eggs are round, somewhat flattened dorfirst yellow just before hatching laid, but gradually becoming deep- They are very small, averaging about mm in diameter and are laid in short rows of from to or more, either touching at the sides or about the diameter of an egg apart Larva (Fig 2) small but very active Key to the A The first hatched caterpillars are exceedingly They are light, transparently-yellow in color California species of Ctenucha Area between and around eyes brown or Area between and around eyes red Front wings light brown Front wings very dark brown blacic B ritbroscapus Menetries B hrunnea Stretch multifaria Walker Ctenucha rubroscapus Menetries (Fig 6) According to Stretch (Zygaenidae and Bombycidae of N A., pp 29-30, 1871-1873) this is a true mountain insect occurring in the Sierras at an altitude of 4,500 ft., frequenting streams It has been taken in the region of Yosemite Valley Syn C ochroscapus Grote and Robinson; C corvina Boisduval; C ^valsingham'i Hy Edw Ctenucha multifaria Walker (Fig 7) is abundant in the lowlands of the San Francisco Bay region JOURNAX, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 242 with and dark is many rows of small black spine-areas scattered over the back sides of the body, each area supporting quite a long light or The hair amber and The mature and are The head hairs are longest at the anterior end the last abdominal segment dusky or faintly bluish from about caterpillars vary ^ to inch in length, There entirely covered with thick, long, buff-colored hairs are black tufts on the a similar dorsum of the abdominal segment and There is a median longi- first one on the eighth segment tudinal stripe on the dorsum, while the sides and On much of the ven- dorsum there is a yellow longitudinal stripe on each side of the median black stripe and a The yellow stripe on each side of the body in the dark area head and prolegs are amber and the front or true legs are black tral surface are Pupa dusky or black (Fig 3) The lighter markings tinct length Sometimes the the pupae are dark reddish-brown with indis- They average about % of an inch in cast larval skin remains attached to the posterior end The moths are very pretty, the front wings Adults (Fig 4) being of a rich, fairly light-brown above and almost black beneath The The hind wings veins often appear darker are dark-brown throughout, as are also the ventral surfaces of the front wings Both pairs are bordered with white and often show some cence The irides- bodies are beautifully metallic blue or greenish with a The prothorax and head bright red stripe on each shoulder are of the same red color, with the exception of quite a large black area on the dorsum of the former and a small black spot on the front and one around each eye of the latter There may also appear two faint black spots eyes, on the dorsum of the head between the eyes antennas and proboscides are black, the latter being half as long as the bodies white on the femora, be The of the femora and tips further smaller size inch The legs are black with white spots at the tibiae tibiae of the females and large patches of and distinguished by The average tarsi of the males feathery the The males may antennae length of the female body and the wing expanse about ^ inches and is slightly about I/2 jouknal of entomology and zoology 243 Life History Little The appearance way mer known about Is the life history except In a very general of the moths suggests that the winter Is passed spring and early sum- In the In the The pupal stage fact that pupas are also found In the soil about the bases of the food summer also suggests this The eggs are laid In and early summer and may be found as late as July plants late In the the late spring They hatch In a few days, grow very rapidly Moths usually within a week, and the of the brood emerged first In young July and Immediately laid eggs, which hatched within a week, indicating a second The brood, the pupae of which probably pass the winter fall upon the blades of the food plant and mature larvae feed from in to weeks Distribution This species occurs In the coast to the southern part of the state region from San Francisco It was first Bay taken on Mt Tamal- All of the specimens studied by the writer were taken at pais Ventura The distribution probably conforms to the distribution of the food plant Food Plant The native and only observed food plant The rye (Elyviiis condensatus Presl.) is the California wild caterpillars feed upon the leaves.^ Natural Enemies The Protapanteles The Mr H They (Fig 5) teles sp.) The hymenopterous new species of dark gray nearby leaf or stem larvae of the parasite spin small a often emerge from the dead caterpillars in great numbers and were reared caterpillars a L VIereck as a cocoons on the body of the caterpillars or on A by caterpillars are effectively parasitized parasite determined by In parasite determined and large Chalcis sp is confinement from about 95% of the attacked by a hyperparasite {Hemi- listed as new by Mr was reared from VIereck a pupa The larvae of a noctuid moth also feed on the same food plant at Ventura, They burrow into the centers of the stems in which they feed and remain until ready to pupate They are much more destructive to the host than is the brown Ctenucha — —— JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 244 Fig — Ctenucha hrunnea Stretch twice Fig Fig laid in characteristic row Enlarged (Original.) Ctenucha hrunnea Stretch Lateral and dorsal aspects of the larva Enlarged twice (Original.) Ctenucha hrunnea Stretch Pupa: with cast larval skins still clinging (Original.) Enlarged nearly twice posterior ends Ctenucha hrunnea Stretch Dorsal and ventral aspects of the adults Enlarged nearly twice (Original.) at top, males at bottom Fig Fig Eggs — Cocoons of a parasite Ctenucha hrunnea Fig Fig to the Females and dead body of a caterpillar of About natural size (Original.) {Protapanteles sp.) Stretch (Original Ctenucha rubroscapus Menetries Male, natural size department of scientific illustration, University of California.) Photo by (Original Photo by Ctenucha multifaria Walker Male, natural size department of scientific illustration University of California.) — — — VOLUME SEVEN NUMBER ONE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND MARCH, 1915 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS The Biology of the North American Crane Flies {Tipulida Diptera),lU C.P.Alexander The West Coast Species of Pedilus Fisch (Corphyra Say) H C — Fall — The I 10 Proventiriculus of a Hydro-psyche Larva Alice Ayr Noyes Notes on the Life History and Habits of the Rose Scale^ Aula- 34 Shonosuke Nakayama 45 caspis rosce Bouche Lacuna Beach^ La Follette A Remarkable New Brittle Star Hubert Lyman Clark - - Pycnogonids Collected During the Summer of 1914, at Laguna Beach William A Hilton The Central Nervous System of Nebalia William A Hilton Pseudosquilla from Laguna - Caprellid/e from R II — — Entered at Claremont, — Gal., Post-Office Oct I, 1910, March 55 64 67 70 77 as second-class matter, under Act of Congress of 8, 1870 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPABTMENT OP ZOOLOGY Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches Foot notes, tables, explanations of jSgures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible An unusually large number of half Other more tones must be paid for in part by the author expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when any by 7^2 inches or less The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive If more than fifty reprints of their publications free of cost reduced, that is, this are desired, the order should be given with the return of Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their the proof sheets articles Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, IT S A —— NUMBER TWO VOLUME SEVEN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND JUNE, 1915 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS — Notes on Brachycentrus Nigrisoma Banks J T Lloyd - - - 81 Eversible Glands of a Chrysomelid Larva^ Melasoma lap88 PONICA Gerson Garb Homology of the Mouth-Parts of the Preimago in the Lepidop98 TERA Edna Mosher New Genera and Species of North American Hemiptera E P 109 Van Duzee 122 The Blind Crab Found at Laguna Beach Preliminary List of Common Heteroptera From the Claremont123 Laguna Region R A La Follette The Action of Simple Reagents on the Ganglia of Arthropods The — — William A Hilton the Claremont-Laguna Region (Coleoptera) From the Claremont-Laguna Region Neuroptera Elaterid.t, — - in Ralph P James Amphibia of the Claremont-Laguna Region Elaterid.^ (Coleptera) From the Claremont-Laguna Region Ray E Gardner Entered at Claremont, Cal Post-Office Oct — - 1, 1910, as March 3, — 130 134 136 138 139 second-class matter, under Act of ConfPress of 1879 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPAETMENT OF ZOOLOGY Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports museums, laboratories and expeditions The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from of societies, any locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so far as possible An unusually large number of half Other more tones must be paid for in part by the author expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the The page when lettering should reduced, that is, by 71/2 be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive If more than fifty reprints of their publications free of cost inches or less this are desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof sheets Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail Address all communications to The Journal op Entomology and Zoology William A Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U S A — VOLUME SEVEN NUMBER THREE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS The Biology of the North American Crane Flies (Tipulidw Dip—Charles Paul Alexander 141 Some Inhabitants of the Round Gall op the Goldenrod— Chi Ping 161 tera) Aphidid,e of California XI E O Essig 180 Pycnogonids Collected During the Summer of 1915, at Laguna Beach William A Hilton 201 — Additional List of Annelids From Laguna Beach— IT F Hamilton 207 Entered at Claremont Gal Post-Offlce Oct 1910 as March 8, second-class matter, under Act of Congress of 1870 Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figUit.- shouui indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be Te\ \}(Ux' line cuts so far as possible An unusually iprgo wirrMv ••i - of htCn Other more tones must be paid for in part by the author expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when reduced, that is, by 71/2 inches or less The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive If more than fifty reprints of their publications free of cost this are desired, the order should be given with the return of Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be furnished at cost Authors of short contributions will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their the proof sheets articles Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail Address all communications to The Journal of Entomology and Zoology William A Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U S A VOLUME SEVEN NUMBER FOUR JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY ZOOLOGY % "^ AND DECEMBER, "^ 1915 PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY C\ POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT 0/ ZOOLOGY CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U S A CONTENTS Three Common Spiders of The Early Development Nervous System Lacuna —Margaret L Moles of Ligyda - With Reference — WilUamA Hilton - - - 209 to the 211 The Nudibranch-Genus Triopha in California — 228 T D A Cockerell New California Bees— T D A Cockerell On Two New Polynoids From Lacuna — IV The Brown Ctenucha —E O Essig Entered at Claremont, Cal., Post-Offlce Oct 1, 1910, as March 230 F Hamilton - - - 234 241 second-class matter, under Act of Congress of 1878 ^"^ Journal of Entomology and Zoology EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OP ZOOLOGY Subscription $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions - The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists and zoologists Notes and papers relating to western and Californian forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will be considered for publication Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about by 11 inches Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., should be written on separate sheets Foot notes and figures should be numbered consecutively throughout The desired position of foot notes and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as An unusually large number of half tones must be paid for in part by the author Other more expensive illustrations will be furnished at cost Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the size of the page when line cuts so far as possible reduced, that is, by 71/2 inches or less The lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on the drawings, in most cases Authors of than a thousand words will receive If more than this are desired, the order should be given with the return of articles longer fifty reprints of their publications free of cost the proof-sheets paper Extra copies and special covers or special Authors of short contributions will be furnished at cost will receive a few extra copies of the number containing their articles Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail Address all communications to The Jouenal of Entomology and Zoology William A Hilton, Editor Claremont, California, U S A Pomona College Located in one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the west coast The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many special advantages for the study of things not in books The college is a small one of the New England type with high standards of scholarship A large proportion of the graduates go on with advanced work in the large universities In addition, well-manned departments of music and art afford exceptional advantages For further information, address Seceetaey op Pomona College Claremont, California ... margined; front and middle tarsi of $ more or less dilated, side pieces of oedeagus barbed at tip (except alticola) Tips of elytra not modified in the $ JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 14 Head... soon the head and thorax split longitudinally, and it is by this movement that the adult escapes, leaving the exuvia of the nymph fixed in the earth JOURNAL, OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY In his... appearing rather early in of the Coast, but consid- journal of entomology and zoology 13 Table of West Coast Species Antennae flabellate in the 5, prothorax widest in front of the middle, distinctly