Memoirs MCZ 2607

/IDcmoirs of tbe riDuseum ot Comparative Zooloo\? AT HARVARD COLLEGE Vol XXVI No on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical pacific, in charge of alexander aga.ssiz, by the r s fish commlssion steamer "albatross," from august, 1899, to march, 1900, commander jefferson f moser, u s n., comMANDING i?p:p()rts XIII THE SHORE By WILLIAM C KENDALL and FISHES EDMUND L GOLDSBOROUGH WITH SEVEN PLATES IPiihlishcd by permission of George M Bowers U CAMBRIDGE, lpriute& for the S Commissioner of Fish and U S A.: /iDuseum, Febru.^ry, 1911 Fislieries.] PRESERVATION MASTER AT HARVARD Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U S Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F Moser, U S N., commanding XIII THE SHORE BY \MLLIAM C FISHES KENDALL AND EDMUND (rulilishcil liy penriission of Oeo M Bowers, U S L GOLDSBOROUGH Commissioner of Fisli and Fisheries.) INTRODUCTION The following report surface pelagic fishes is based upon a collection of shore fishes and a few made during Steamer "Albatross" in the expedition of the U S Fish Commission 1899 and 1900 under the direction of the late Dr Alexander Agassiz The Tonga, places visited are the Marquesas, Fiji, Ellice, Gilbert, (Guam), descriptions (Memoirs M of Paumotu, Society, Cook, Friendly, Ratak, Marshall, Caroline, and Ladrone Islands which appear C Z 28, 1903) in There Mr Agassiz's Coral Reefs of the is also an account of the native Pacific fisheries Mr A B Alexander's Notes on the Boats, Apparatus, and Fishing Methods employed by the natives of the South Sea Islands and results of fishing trials in by the Albatross (Report U S F C for 1901, 1902, p 741-829) Some of the localities yielded many more species than others but doubtless due mainly to more extensive collecting in those places While the collection is not a large one, upon the whole, conditions and poor facilities for collecting sidered, a among when difficult of identification in the collections only is the unfavorable the coral islands are con- remarkably large number of species was obtained however, are represented this by young or Many of immature them, fishes EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 242 1S99-1900 In the present paper fifty-three famihes and two hundred and thirty-one species are represented, of which eight species and one genus, Paragobioides, are new The new proxima, Lutianus marginatoides, Therapon are Kuhlia species maculatus, Dascyllus pomacentroides, Rupiellia lacunicola, Paragobioides grando- quadrimaculatus, and Canthigaster constellatus culis, Petroscirtes The table (p 338-343) shows the distribution of the species as indicated by The Friendly Islands, been included with the The plates were new the groups owing to their proximity to the made from drawings by Miss Museum of Tonga Group, have latter Violet Dandridge Specimens representing 143 species contained sent to the among the collection in this collection have been Comparative Zoology, others including the tyjies of the species to the U S National Museum ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES CARCHARIDAE Carcharias melanopterus Quoy Voy Uranie 1905, 23, pt 1, Zool., 1824, p 194, pi 43, fig & Gaimard Jordan & Evermann, 1, Bull U S Fish Comm., p 38, pi No A50, skin of a specimen 36 inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands ALBULIDAE Albula vulpes (Linne) Jordan & Evermann, Bull U S Fish Comm., 1905, 23, pt 1, p 55, fig Esoj: fuipes Linne, Sy.st Nat ed 10, 1758, p 313 Albula gloasodon Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1909, Three specimens, No 08836, M C Z 29467 (1 specimen) 8, p 385 2l to inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands THE SHORE 243 FISHES CHANIDAE Chanos chanos & Evermann, Jordan Bull U S Fish Comni., iFok.'skal) 190.5, 23, pt 1, ]u 50, ti^ 10 Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1900, 8, p 387 cIhihos Forsk.Il, Di'.script MiKjU The -Viiim., 177.5, p 74 collection contains the following specimens M Nos 05833, 05834, and 05835, and 05831, M C Z 29771, from the Paumotu Islands, C Z 29772, each inches long, from and 05832, each inches long, Makemo, from Niau CLUPEIDAE Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett) Clnpea dclicalida Bennett, Pz'oc Comm Si/ralelloidis delicatidus Bleeker, No 09023, specimens 09028, M fifteen I and two Paumotu to 1S66-72, Ii^b 6, p 89, 9(5, tab 264, Clup., 6, fig inches long, and three specimens No 2i^6 C Z 29520, li to ll inches long, No 09062, forty-nine specimens Islands, Zool Soc Loud., 18.31, p 168 Atla.s Ichth., from Taritari, Gilbert Islands; all to ill inches long specimens No 09007, small from Arhno, Marshall and mutilated, from Rangiroa, Islands Harengula kunzei Bleeker Nat Tijds Ned Ind., 18.56, 12, p 200 Clupea (Harengulii) kunzei Bleeker, tab .5, fig .\tlas Ichth., Clupea hunzii Gunther, Fi.sche der Siidsee, 1909, Two 1866-72, 6, p 89, 91, 100, 107, tab 263, Clup 382 8, p specimens No 08931 and 09000, 2| and 4l inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands, and eighty-six specimens, Nos 05791-92, (14 specimens) and 09006 (young) Ij to inches long, all M from Suva, C Z 29459 Fiji Islands Harengula sundaica Bleeker Clupcu (llaniiyuh!) suiuknca Bleeker, Atlius Ichth., 1866-72, 6, p 89, 99, 105, tab 261, Clup 13, fig Thirty-two specimens No 05794, Marquesas Islands M I2 to inches long, from Nukuhiva, C Z 29507 (7 specimens) EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 244 1899-1900 Harengula commersoni (Civikk & Valenciennes) & Clupeonina commersoni Cuv Alausa melanura Cuv & Val., Hist Nat Poiss., 1S47, 20, Val., Hist Nat Poiss., 1847, 20, Clupea (Harangula) metanurus Bleekbr, Atlas lohth., 1866-72, Clupea (Paralosa) melanurus, tab 269, Clu]) 11, fig Vavau, Tonga Society M specimens, Nos 05788-9, Islands Islands; six 6, [) 89, 101), 111 .5 I'Clupea alricauda GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsec, 1909, 8, Two 3.50 ]) p 324 |> 381 C Z 29386, each 4? inches long, from One specimen, No 05793, specimens, Nos 08817-19, 31 inches, 08825, Papeete, Tahiti, 08887-8, 45 to 05 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands SYNODONTIDAE Saurida gracilis (Quoy GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsee, 1U09, Saurus gracilis 8, ]) Quoy & Gaimard, Voy Uranic One specimen No 09005, & Gabl\rd) 376 Zool., 1.S24, p 224 62 inches long, Three specimens, No 08907, M C from Makemo, Paiunotu Islands Z 29525, li-2^ inches long, Truk (iroup, Caroline Islands ANGUILLIDAE Anguilla mauritiana Bennett Proc Coinni Zool Soe Lond., 1S31, p 128 Jordan it Seale, Bull I' S Bur Fish., 190(), 25, p 192 No A196, M C and No A197, 32 inches long from Z 29737, 27 inches, Kusaie, Caroline Islands Anguilla otaheitensis Kaup Neue Aalachnliche Fi.sche des Hamburger Mu.s., 18.59, p 17, tab 2, Anguilla anietensis GUnther, Chall Kept., 1880, We ]) have the following sjiecimens from No A33, a specimen 17j inches long (juite as far back as the maxillary teeth; fig .58 Pajieete, Tahiti, Society Islands: Vomerine teeth extending almost or gajie about posterior border of eye; dorsal beginning about an inch in head, extending in fiont of vent i)ast THE SHORE EISHES No A32, a specimen I85 inches long hdi-der of eye; \'oniei'ine teeth gape about far l)ack as maxilhxry teeth; dorsal beginning about f 245 inch in No A34, M C Z 29752, a specimen vent fi'ont of inches long 1.5 extending back quite so far as maxillary teeth; beyond posterior extending nearly as head and extending past posterior in bordei' of eye, about in \'omerine teeth not gape extending but a dorsal head; little beginning about u inch in front of vent A specimen, no tag or locality, 201 inches long tending so far back as maxillary; gape about siderably farther than eye; dorsal begins Jordan & li'g synonym Vomerine teeth not exhead extending back con- inches in front of vent Seale (Bull U S Bur Fish., 25, Giinther (Chall Rept p 58), as a in p 192), place Anguilla aneitensis of Three of our specimens come from the type locality of A There is some variation they are undoubtedly that species position of the origin of the dorsal and the We megastoma upon what grounds this is done, as all that Giinther says about a malformed specimen from a river near Lake Waihirra relative extent of the cannot see it was oiaheitensis and it is that in the relative vomerine teeth, which suggests that these characters are not of much specific value specimen shows no tangible differences, and there a possibility that they is The other all belong to some earlier described species MYRIDAE Muraenichthys macropterus Bleekek Act Sof Sci Imlo-Xederl., Mur 7, fig ISW, 4, |) 11, Amboina S, p 91 Atla.'i Ichth., 18(34, 4, p Six specimens No U99G(3, 2§ to 4/6 inches long from Islands :il, tab 1.51, M Arhno Atoll, Marshall C Z 29500 (2 specimens) Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker Nat Tijds X(a1 Three Iiul., lS."i7, 13, p iJOli s]:)eciinens, 2959-4 (1 specimenj .\tlas Iclitli., l.S(i4, 4, p ;il, 33, tab 14,S, Mur 2f to inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands 4, fig AI C Z " EXPEDITION OF THE 246 AI,l?ATROSS," 1S99-11I()() In dpiital characters our specimens agree with Bleeker's description but the origin of the dorsal, so far as can be discerned, riorly, more like M seems to be situated more poste- gymnotus OPHICHTHYIDAE Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett) Ophisurus semicinctus Lay & Bennett, Zool Beechey's Voyage, 1839, p (i(i, pi 'iO, tif; Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1864, 4, p 42, tab 163, Mur 11), ti;; One specimen, No 09063, inches long from * Arhno Atoll, 4, Marshall Islands MURAENIDAE Gymnothorax richardsonii Bleeker Atlas Ichth., 1864, Muraena 4, p 85, 100, tab 186, richardsonii Two specimens, Bleeker, Nat Mur Tijds tab 42, Ned fig Ind., 1852, 3, p 296 No 05783, 05784, M C Z 29792 (small), Bora Bora, Society Islands Gymnothorax pictus Muraena The picta (Ahl) Ahl, Specimen Ichthyologicum de Muraena et Opiiichtho, 1789, 8, pi 2, fig Paumotu contains the following specimens from collection ji Islands: No 08822, 14| inches long from Anaa No A52, M C Z 29760 16| inches long from Fakarava; No 05771, 13? inches long, No 05770, 13j inches long, and No 05772, M C Z 29761, 14^ inches long, from Makemo No A36, 20| inches long from Tikei No A20, 23 inches long from Rangiroa Another specimen No A156, 18 inches long from Funafuti, EUice Islands, and Nos 09044, inches long and 09043, 9? inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands The following notes were taken from the above specimens: Color of No 08822, in alcohol, creamy white, thickly speckled with brown on back and groups, same sides, color belly plain white, specks arranged in on dorsal fin ; this ii-i-ogulai', ci'owded grouping on the white background gives a faint reticulated efTect, the reticulations being of the pale color; anal white; THE SHORE 247 FISHES dots on the heatl not extending forward beyond posterior edge of eye, or below- upper jaw, though on one side there are two or three dots C'oloi' in life; of Nos 09043-4, dorsal, back and in alcohol, ground in front of eye color yellowish, probably gray sides with small irregular brownish rings and broken spots on lower side of abdomen irregular groups and side of head with small disnot distinct, coalescing; belly unspotted, top rings and of coalescing spots; tinct spots, extending to end of snout, but none on jaws, or under lower jaw This specimen is very thickly speckled with sometimes coalesce into larger spots; lower which specks, small numerous throat with and spots and specks; belly plain jaw No A52 Color similar to A156, but with fewer specks on lower jaw and No A156, M C Z 29759 brown small purplish throat No 05771 Color similar to that of A52 No 05770 Color similar to No 05771, in addition, however, small spots on belly; spots on throat and lower jaw are a little it larger has a few and more scattering Very thickly spotted with No A36 which the ground color makes a larger spots than the last, amongst throat and lower jaw fine reticulated effect; thickly spotted with comparatively large spots Color cannot be clearly No A20 made out, seemed to be finely speckled; lower jaw has scattering small spots, none on throat No 05772 more coalescing Color badly faded, seemed to have had fewer spots, which were and groups; throat not spotted; lower jaw with very into rings few small specks Gymnothorax Dalophis rupvlliue Gymnothorax 183, Mur rupelliae (McClelland) McClelland, CalcutUi lourn Nat Hist., Bleeker, Atlas Ifhth., 1864, 4, 181, Mur 37, fig (not of Bloch) rdictilaris 39, fig 2; tab One specimen, No 05786 j) (small), Rangiroa, Gymnothorax 184.5, 5, p 213 85, 98, tab 177, Paumotu 33, lif; 1, and tab Islands tessellatus (Richardson) Bleekbh, \llas k'litli., 18tJ4, 4, p 8.'5, 93, tal) 171, Mur 27, fig Muraena tessellahi^ Richardson, Zool Voy Sulphur Ichth., 1845, p One specimen, No 05785, Mur 3| inches long 109, pi 55, fig 5-8 from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands EXPEDITION OF 24S TIIK Gymnothorax Muraenophis Muraena 1878, p 670, pi 172, stellatus (Lacepede) Lacepede, Bennett, Proc Conim Zool Soc Lond., 1831, p 168 Day, Fi.slics uf India, fig No 05775, a specimen and U5782, M C 7| inches long, Z 29580, 3i inches from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands long, Echidna Ri'v ct M:ig Zuol., KdiUlna U AL15ATROSS," 1899-1900 Hist Nat Poiss., 1803, 5, p 622, 629, 644 dellatus Jimbriala " 1S7."), 3, Iviludn Jenkins, Bull V S Fish Coiimi., Bur Fish., 1906, 25, S tritor \'aillant & Sauvage p 287 HtO:-;, 22, p 42S, fijr No 05773, a specimen 9j inches long and 05774, M C long, Jordan !) & Seai.e, Bull 203 p from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands nearer the tip of snout than the tip of tail, Z 29579, 5^ inches In the position of the vent, which is these specimens agree with E psalion Enchelynassa canina (Qruv & Gaimard) .I(iKD\N Seale, Bull U A: Miiiaciin canina CJuov Bur S Fi.sh., & Gaimard, Voy 1906, 26, j) 197 Uranio ZdoI., 1824, p 247 No A51, I85 inches long from Fakarava, Pamnotu Islands Uropterygius pantherinus (Lesson) Iiiil/ii/oplii.'i jHiiilhcn'niiJi Lesson, Voy Coquille Zool di/niNiiniiiriii'nd luiitllicrina Number ; at least four in both jaws vomer with two rows posteriorly, those in front curved Bleeker's Atlas same Mur 31, fig is in rows that are hard to front of vomer and at the of teeth anteriorly, single row backward, the posterior three curved forward vestige of fin except at extremity of This specimen in in several irregular rows anteriorly, bunched junction of upper jaw; No Poiss., 1830, 2, p 131, \tlus, pi 13 .\tlas Ifhth., 18()4, 4, p 112, 113, tab 17.5, A49, a specimen 23? inches long from Fakarava, Paumotus Sharp curved teeth count Bleeker, tail very certainly identifiable with (hjmnothontx pdnllivriiKi Bleeker states that his specimens are quite certainly the as Lesson's Ichihijophis jxinlhcrinus, being the Gyiniunnuruciui tiiartiKirdld and suggests the Lacepede It is, possibility of its however, quite as certain THE SHORE FISHES 343 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES— Concluded e ? o Balistes niger Balistapus aculeatus unduliilus Oslnicion ooruutus nasus + + + + + + + + Sphcroidcs hypsp!ogen(>ion Totraodoii laehryinatu.s inaiiillensis Cantliigaster solandri constellatus Diodon histrix Antcnnariiis bigibbus + + + + + + + + + + EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES PLATE Trnchinntim ohlongiis Ciivicr Xalcnciennos it PLATE Fiji Tnichiiiiiliis }i(iilIonii {hAc6pbc\e) Via - Knlititt & undo (Cuvicr I'li^f 271 Page 280 Valt'iicicnnes) PLATE FiK Fig KiiliUii mnciiliilus Kti/itid iiro.riinii (Cuvicr Kemlall i\: io\dshoroug.h Kendall Page 287 Page 288, (loldsborough Page 318 Ooldsboroiigli PLATE Fig Gold.sborough it liroiissonel I'driuiohinidrx f/iriiiilnnilix Page 282 OoMsboroiigh PLATE Fig Page 281 Wilcncicnnos) PLATE Fig Cloldsborough PLATE Fig Page 272 & Page 324 Goldsboroiigh Cloldsborough Page 329 Page 336 n J c o CO ffl "ALBATROss"TROprcAi PACIFIC Ex.— Skohe Fishf.s Pus.TE HzliotypeCc Bostoh "Albatros3"Tropical Pacific Ex.— Shore Fishes Plate HeliotypeCo Bostoh "Albatross"Tropical Pacific; Ex -Shore Fishes Plate Heuotype Co Bostow Ai.batf.oss"Trofical Pacific Ex-Shore Plate Tishes ^i€^^ 'Ih in HeliqtypeCO Bostom "Albatros3"Tropical Pacific Ex.— Shore Fishes Pljs.te M.^rrm'/T/zrei ^'^^s^m:^: