ZOOLOGY OF NEW-YORK V3 REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS, James E. De KAY 1842

AM ! OLD) HU I ! I ANY, INTER TO THE STATE, ZOOLOGY OF NEW-YORK, OR THE NEW-YORK FAUNA; COMPRISING DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE ANIMALS HITHERTO OBSERVED WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, WITH BRIEF NOTICES OF THOSE OCCASIONALLY FOUND NEAR ITS BORDERS, AND ACCOMPANIED BY APPROPRIATE ILLUSTRATIONS BY JAMES DE KAY E PART III REPTILES AND AMPHIBIA ALBANY PRINTED BY W & A : WHITE & 1842 J VISSCHER The copy right of this work is secured for the benefit of the People of the State of New-York SAMUEL YOUNG : Secretary of State Albany, 1842 PREFACE So general the repugnance of mankind to the animals composing these classes, that their study has been overlooked, and they have usually been considered as beings which it was not only necessary but meritorious to destroy A part of this vulgar prejudice is derived from education, and perhaps some of it may is originate from the fact that several of them are furnished with venomous To the naturalist and fangs, capable of causing intolerable sufferings and death however to those who nature physiologist, study through her various modifica; form and structure, they present some of the most interesting objects of Their utility, either in diminishing various noxious animals, or contemplation tions of in furnishing food themselves to others, has were cold to the touch, with a been lost sight of; and because they naked slimy skin without hair or feathers, they have been considered as loathsome and hideous, although their structure displays as much of the omnipotence and care of the Creator as can be seen in those which are considered to be the most gorgeous and beautiful of his animated beings The number of known been variously estimated Reptiles and Amphibia throughout the world has It seems to be considered by some writers to reach to 1,300 species, whilst others suppose that 1,500 all As many the greater in the number United States would scarcely comprise them inhabit the torrid zone, In this we are not to expect to find work we have enumerated one hundred and sixty-one species, and have described and figured sixty-three species as found in the State of New- York but we suppose the list to be far from being exhausted, ; more particularly among the Amphibians Descriptions of a few species may be Bosc, Palisot de Beauvois and Daudin ; found in the writings of Kalm, SchoepfF, but these are often confused and contra- dictory, and drawn up from altered cabinet specimens In many cases, animals PREFACE IV not even belonging to this continent have been attributed to New- York, simply because they were sent by a collector from that place Thus the Homolopsis carinicauda of Brazil, and the Platydactylus milberti, a species probably existing west of the Cape of Good Hope, have been described as belonging to this State Often writers, in describing the Cyclura harlani, an animal probably from tropical America, state they have reason to believe that But it is chiefly to the labors of American common in New- York that we are indebted for it is naturalists our knowledge of the Reptiles and Amphibians of the United States Mr Say has given us descriptions of several new Serpents and Tortoises ; Dr numerous family of Salamanders; and Major Le Conte has described several new Tortoises and Frogs, and elucidated the pre- Green first investigated the vious doubtful or obscure species of the older writers indebted for almost remarkable families To Dr Harlan we are knowledge which we possess in relation to those among the Amphibians, which were for a long period known all the under the name of doubtful reptiles and beautifully work, entitled North American Herpetology, has enlarged our acquaintance with every department among these classes, and his volumes will long remain a monument of his genius Dr Holbrook, and in his excellent illustrated Dr Holbrook has recently remodelled this work; and at the that these pages are passing through the press, is engaged in publishing his zeal moment a second edition, in five quarto volumes, with many important additions To his kindness I am indebted for the privilege of being permitted to examine most of what has already been ments in the present printed, and it has suggested many valuable improve- volume To Major Le Conte, I have to express my thanks for his assistance in the course of this work, which owes several of its illustrations to his pencil Dr Emmons, of the Geological Survey, has also afforded me valuable aid some species which might otherwise have escaped my observation J The Locusts, Queens County January 1, 1842 E in obtaining DE KAY LIST WORKS REFERRED TO THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE REPTILES AND IN AMPHIBIANS Journal of the Ac Sc Am Academy of Natural Sciences vols 8vo Philadelphia, American Journal of Science and Arts, conducted by Benjamin Jour 1817 Silliman et seq 43 vols 8vo New-Haven, 1818 et seq Am TV Ann Mus Ann Iajc Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 4to Philad 1771 et seq New Series, 1816 Annales du Museum 20 vols 4to Paris, 802 et seq Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History vols 8vo New-York, 1824 et seq Barton, B S the " Memoir concerning an animal of the Class of Reptilia or Amphibia, known in the United States under name of Alligator and Hell-bender, pp 12 8vo Philad 1812 Some account of the Siren lacertina, and other species of the same genus of amphibious animals, pp 33 Philad 1821 (With a plate.) Bell, Rep History of British Reptiles, by T Bell 8vo Lond 1839 Bonap Oss Sulla seconda edizione del Regno Animale del Barone Cuvier, Osservazione " et seq Bologna, 1830 Prospetto del Sistema generale d'Erpetologia pp 26 Bologna, 1830 Cheloniorum Tabula Analytica 8vo pp 10 Romffi, 1836 " Bonn Oph Tableau encyclopedique et meihodique des trois Regnes de la Nature : Ophiologie, par Bonnaterre 4to Paris, 1790 Cloquet, J Memoire sur l'existence et la disposition des voies lachrymales dans Cuvier, R A The Animal Kingdom, translated by Griffith Vol Daudin Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles vols 8vo Paris, An X les serpens 4to Paris, 1821 De Blainville Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du Regne Animal 4to Paris, 1816 De Kay, J E On the remains of extinct Reptiles of the Genera Mosasaurus and Geosaurus (Ann Lye Vol 3, " Observations on the jaw of a of Gavial (Ann Lye Vol pp 66 " Green, p 34.) 156.) ; Wien, 1826 Synopsis of the Genera of Reptiles and Amphibia, with a description of some (From the Annals of Philosophy, 1825.) Gray 1, p des Reptiles vols 8vo Paris, 1834 et seq Erpetologie generale ou Histoire naturelle complete Various Observations on Reptiles and Amphibians, published in the Zodiac Albany, 1835-6 Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Naturlichen Verwandtschaften, &c Von L I Fitzinger 4to Dcmeril and Bibron Eights, J Fitzinger fossil species new species, by J E Gray, pp 13 of Cuvier, Vol 9, 1831.) Synopsis of the Class Reptilia, by J E Gray (From Griffith's Translation with observations (Jour Ac Sc J Description of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied Vol 1, p 348.) Harlan, Genera of North American Reptilia, and a Synopsis of the " Medical and Physical Researches 8vo Philad 1835 I descriptions of reptiles in the Ac Fauna Species cite also (Acad Nat Sc Vol 4.) from the same author many papers and Sc, Ann Lye, and Am Journal 1* LIST VI Hitch Cat OF BOOKS List of Reptiles, by D Smith, from Hitchcock's Catalogue of the Animals and Plants of Massachusetts Amherst, 1835 Holbrooe North American Herpetology, or a Description of the Reptiles inhabiting the United States vols 4to Philadelphia, 1834 et seq Kirtland Report on the Zoology of Ohio pp 42 Cincinnati, 1838 Description of the Species of North American Tortoises (From Ann Lye Vol 3, p 91.) Remarks on the American Species of the Genera Hyla and Rana (From the same, Vol 1, Le Conte p 278.) Report of a Committee of the Linnean Society of New-England, relative to a large marine animal supposed to be a Serpent, pp 59 London, 1818 (With a plate.) Lin Soc Merrem Tentamen Systernatis Amphibiorum Auctore Blasio Merrem 8vo Marburgi, 1820 Mitchill, S L Description of a Batrachian animal from Georgia, different from the reptiles of that order hitherto known (Medical Recorder, July, 1822.) Oppel Sur la Classification des Reptiles " Sur la Classification Say " " " : Ordre des Batraciens 2, Ophidiens (Ann Mus Vol Notes on Prof Green's paper on the Amphibia (Ac Sc Vol 1, p 405.) Notes on Herpetology (Am Journal, Vol 1, p 256.) Descriptions of three new species of Coluber inhabiting the United States On the Fresh-water Schcepff 254-376.) 16, p (Id Vol 16, p 394.) and Land Tortoises of the United States (Ac Sc Vol (Ac Sc Vol 4, p 4, p 237.) 203.) Reise durch einige der Mittlern und Sudlichen Vereinigten Nord-Americanischen Staaten vols 8vo Erlangen, 1788 Historia Testudinum Schneider Icon, Historic Amphibiorum illus Auctor 4to J Erlangen, 1792 G Schneider 8vo Jen», 1800 et seq vols 8vo La Haye, 1837 Serpentum Brasiliensium species nova, etc Par Jean de Spix Folio Monachii, 1824 Animalia nova sive Species nova; Testudinum et Ranarum, &c Descripsit J B dc Spix Schlegel Essai sur la physiognomie des Serpens Spix, Serp Spix, Test Par H Schlegel Folio Monachii, 1824 Smith, J A Account of the Dissection of the Menobranchus, with remarks on the Siren intermedia Vol Storer Swainson Troost 2, p (Ann Lye 259.) Report on the Reptiles of Massachusetts, pp 49 Boston, 1839 Natural History of Fish, Amphibia and Reptiles, or Monocardian Animals Vol Lond 1839 On a new genus of Serpents, and two new species of the genus Heterodon (Ann Lye Vol 3, p 174.) Wagler Naturaliches System der Amphibien, &c Von Dr Joh Wagler 8vo Miinchen, Stuttgart und Tubingen, 1830 Wiegmann Herpetologia Mexicana, seu Descriptio Amphibiorum Novffi Hispanic, &c Pars prima: Saurorum species Folio, pp.54 Tabulis X Berolini, 1834 Par A F A Weigmann 84 NEW- YORK FAUNA THE CRIMSON-SPOTTED TRITON Triton millepcnctaths plate xv Salamandra Many-spotted Salamander — (state p 101 collection.) ; Med and Phys Res p 99 2, p 57, pi 10 Storer, Mass Report, p 249 with crimson spots the two colors above and beneath distinctly Tail separated compressed, tapering Length 3-4 inches Characteristics Description 34 Harlan, Jour Acad Nat Sc Vol 6, Holbrook, N Am Herpetology, Vol dorsalis id S millepunctata fig Olive, Body ; cylindrical, granulated as in the preceding Tail much compressed, its edges almost membranaceous, longer than the body Fore feet long and slender, with four one rudimentary Hind feet more robust outer toes small toes, ; On the Color Above, olive brown, varying in hue from light brown to deep olive green on the of sometimes sides the and for some distance throat, flanks, along the occasionally sides of the in tail, with a row of crimson circular spots bordered with black these spots vary to ten, at least this is the greatest number that has fallen under my notice ; number from two Beneath yellowish, punctured with black, and separated distinctly from the brown of the parts the punctures extend over the belly, inside of the legs, and upper parts of the body and tail In long preserved cabinet specimens, the line of separation between the colors above ; above and beneath become effaced, and the crimson spots change to white Length, 3-0-4-0 This species had originally the misfortune to be so badly named, and the description, which a changed cabinet specimen, gave such an imperfect and false idea of the animal, that we have adopted the name originally applied by Dr Storer, both as more descriptive in itself, and as being the first true description of the presume this to be a species was taken from We case where the law of priority can have no force, and where the original describer we imagine would cheerfully agree to the change In some parts of the State it is called Evet, which name is also applied to several other species, have met with and is evidently a corruption of eft animal in brooks, and in every part of the State It is capable of a low withstanding temperature, for Holbrook saw them swimming about with great vivacity under ice an inch thick It feeds on insects, and, according to Dr Storer, casts its skin in I June this 85 FAMILY SALAMANDRIDjE THE DUSKY TRITON Triton nicer plate xv 35 — (state collection.) Green, Jour Acad Nat Sc Vol 1, p 352 Harlan, Med and Phys Res p 97 Eights, Zodiac, Albany, Holbrook, N Am Herpetology, Vol 5, plate Salamandra niger S id Triton niger fig Back black Characteristics sides with small white spots Length body Description ; Body smooth, 4-6 tapering 1835 Tail compressed, as long as the inches Head mated, prominent Two moderate fold under the neck or three series of large, broadly rounded in front Eyes approxi- mucous pores between the eyes and nostrils A Toes unusually long Tail sub-cylindrical at its origin, becoming gradually compressed, and tapering to a point, with moderately acute edges Tongue with numerous papillae somewhat whiter beneath, especially on the lower Color Uniform dark brown or black ; edge of the tail Three or four obsolete whitish dots on the chin Length, 5-0-6-0 Forelegs, 8*80 Headandbody, 3-0 Hind Tail, 2*8 Longest toe of the hind foot, • legs, 10 0-45 of this species, " in wet springy places near running streams," Prof Green assigns shallow waters as their usual habitat in the neighborhood of Albany are The brown, especially along the back This was noticed by Dr Eights, Dr Eights observed young yellowish " to who observed them " brown many I as black." vary from the original description, being as universally yellowish for specimens from Peru, Clinton county am indebted to Prof Emmons THE GREY-SPOTTED TRITON Triton poRPHYRiTicns PLATE XVI id 37 — (STATE Green, Maclurian Lyceum, Vol.1, Harlan, Med and Phys Researches, p 98 Salamandra porphyritica S FIG COLLECTION.) p, 3, pi Characteristics Glossy black, slimy, with minute irregular greyish spots Length seven inches and tapering insensibly to the extremity of the tail covered with a viscid secretion Head ovate, depressed Rictus wide Eyes very promiAnterior feet four-toed, half the size of the hind feet, which are furnished nent, and black Description with five Body smooth, robust, Tail cylindrical, scarcely compressed ; 86 NEW-YORK FAUNA Color Shining black above, with numerous minute irregular grey or pale-ash spots distributed over the head, back and tail the spots on the flanks are larger, and inclined to brownish ; Belly uniform plumbeous ; inferior and posterior portions of the tail Total length, Of 4-0 tail, rather lighter This large Triton, which in its form resembles the last described species, was captured by I had referred it I Cozzens in the neighborhood of New- York originally to the glutinosa Mr obviously distinct by its shorter tail The brief notice of porphyritica is very unsatisfactory but I prefer placing it provisionally under that name, The suprafusca of Green may have been rather than to introduce a new nominal species of Green from which, however, ; it is ; derived from a cabinet specimen The Grey-spotted Triton conceals itself under rocks and stones in moist places, and exceedingly active in its is movements (EXTRA-LIMITAL.) T ingens (Green Ac Sc Vol 6, p 256 with dark bluish blotches Holbrook, Herp (Green, Mac Lye.) compressed, as long as the body Ferruginous throughout, 5.) Total length eleven inches external toes of the hind legs fimbriated T jeffersoni Vol Tail compressed, and more than half the total length Light brown, sprinkled with azure blue Length seven inches Edge of the New-Orleans points Tail sub- Pennsylvania FAMILY SIRENID& Body elongate, formed for swimming pressed, persistent mentary lungs Feet either four, or two anterior only Respiration aquatic by gills throughout life, Eyes with palpebrce Tail com- coexistent with rudi- Gills external, persistent This group corresponds with the order Amphipneusta of Bell, and the sub-class DiplopneuIt comprises the genera Siredon, Siren and Menobranchus ; of the latter of Hogg mena genus, we have a representative in this State GENUS MENOBRANCHUS Head large, flattened, truncate row beneath Two rows Four feet, with four free toes Harlan of small conical teeth in the upper jaw ; one on each Although the type of this genus has received a variety of names, yet we are indebted Dr Harlan for the first clear and distinct account founded on its anatomical characters to It has been vaguely called Salamandra, Triton, Proteus and Necturus, without sufficiently The name proposed by Harlan must therefore be eliminating or restricting its characters considered as firmly established 87 FAMILY SIRENUXE THE BANDED PROTEUS Menobranchus plate Say, Long's Expedition, Vol Triton lateralis Proteus of the Lakes Menobranchus xviii lateralis Mitchill, Sill lateralis fiu 45 — (state collection.) , p Jour Sc Vol 4, p 181 Harlan, Ann Lye Nat Hist and Vol ; N Y Vol Covier, Regne Animal, Griffith's translat Vol 9, p 412 and Proteus lateralis Barnes, Am Joum Sc Vol 11, p 285 P maculatus M Id lb Vol 3, p 119, Characteristics Brownish, with blackish spots two Description front, where Body it is p 7, p 62, pi 233, pi 16; Med and Phys Res p 89 and 165 475, pi copied Vol 13, p 68 Holbrook, N Am Herpetology, lateralis 1, pi 30 often a dark lateral line ; Length one to feet Head robust, cylindrical, smooth truncate and slightly emarginate broad, depressed and attenuated in small Eyes Nostrils very minute, and Teeth minute, placed in the margin of the upper lip Jaws covered with loose fleshy lips two series in the upper jaw, and one in the lower jaw Tongue conic, obtuse and separated ; broad, and free near the Gills, tip three on each side, ramified and fringed, with two Throat with a fold of skin beneath Anterior extremities slender, branchial apertures the and with four clawless toes Hind legs similar, and with four similar near gills, placed toes Vent a longitudinal body and Color, of the fissure tail Tail robust, compressed, lanceolate, ancipital dull brownish, spotted with black or blackish brown ; on the back these are rounded, but on the sides of the body and tail become indistinct brownish Beneath lighter Frequently a dark stripe from the nostrils through the eyes, and blotches becoming effaced behind - 24 '0 Length, 12' Gills blood-red This curious and interesting aquatic animal is common in the northern and western parts It is found in Lake Champlain, and is particularly abundant at the falls of of the State Onion river and Lake George of New-York at the outlet of lakes in the western districts It inhabits It doubtless ere long be found to have reached the ; occasionally move with great celerity They Erie, has been found in the Hudson It Ohio emptying into Lake Erie, and sometimes movements in the water are usually slow but from in Lake river Seneca and the other Erie canal, and will occurs in in the tributaries of their broad and powerful are said to come all the streams the Ohio tail, Their they must occasionally on land It is and frequently speared The Menobranchus, or Big Water-lizard as it is occasionally called in this State, feeds on fluviatile shells, Crustacea, and the smaller fishes Its flesh is white, and doubtless very often taken with the hook, savory, but detestation is never eaten by the ignorant fishermen, who regard them with great disgust and closely allied animal, the Axolotl of Mexico (Siredon pisciformis), is consi- A dered a great delicacy and indeed almost the whole class of reptiles and amphibia furnishes a delicate and savory food ; 88 NEW- YORK FAUNA (EXTRAL1M1TAL.) Genus Siren, Linneus, Auct The two Obs last Body Two anterior legs Teeth in the palate and jaws been genus have arranged by some authors under the genus eel-shaped species of this Pseudobranchus Black above; dusky beneath S lacertina Toes Length two four South Carolina to three feet Florida S intermedia (Le Conte, Ann Lye Vol 2, pi 1.) Similar to the preceding, but smaller Length, one foot with two longitudinal stripes on each Dusky, nine inches Gills included in a fleshy trilobate covering S striata (Id preceding lb Vol 1, pi 4.) Length, seven to side Gills as in the FAMILY AMPHIUMIDM Body long, ration by formed for swimming Feet four Cranium solid Tail compressed Respimeans of lungs only No gills, but only cervical orifices No metamorphosis known This family is equivalent to the order Abranchia of and AmphiumidcE of Hogg and Bonaparte Bell, and to the families Menopomatida (EXTRA-L1MITAL.) Genus Amphiuma, Garden, Harlan rudimentary, with two or three Body jointless toes one in the lower jaw A means (Harlan, Ann Lye Vol South Carolina one to three feet A tridactylum (Cdvier, Tr Acad 1, pi to Head and neck eel-shaped No Two ribs Dark brown Feet bifid 22.) continuous rows of at Legs feeble, teeth in the upper, the extremities and Length Mexico Sc 1826, pi.) Similar to the preceding Feet trifid Alabama, Arkansas GENUS MENOPOMA Body robust Head Harlan Lower jaw with a Tail broad, compressed vjith an additional row Ribs rudimentary Legs stout, distinct from the neck row of teeth ; upper jaw with four toes before and five behind single first distinctly established by Dr Harlan, under the name of Abranwhich having been discovered to be preoccupied, he changed it to Menopoma Others have proposed new names either erroneous in themselves, or unaccompanied with descriptions Obs This genus was chus, Such are those proposed, but not defined horrida, gigantea, by Prof Barton, under the maxima, and Protonopsis horrida names of Salamandra 89 FAMILY AMPHIUMID^: THE ALLEGANY HELL-BENDER Menopoma plate Salamandra alleghaniensis, Sonnini Le Salamandre des Mints Abranchus alleghaniensis Alleganies Menopoma aUegkaniensis M id (cabinet of the lyceum.) fig 44.— Latreille, Hist Nat Rept Vol 2, p 253, Daud Hist Nat Rept Vol 8, p 231 Harlan, Ann Lye Vol 1, 233, p pi 17 and 18 Barnes, Am Joum Science and Arts, Vol 11, p 278 Harlan, Med and Phys Res p 87 and 174 Griffith's Merrem Cryptobranchus LEUKARD fig lb p 270 Id Menopoma xviii alleghaniensis Cuvier, Vol 9, p 410, 475, plate Molge Young & FlTZINGER Kirtland, Zool Ohio, Alligator p 190 Head Characteristics Slate-colored, mottled with dusky A the body dark line Length one palmate through the eye to two which is obtusely rounded Hind the outer edge of the outer toe with a broad Tail nearly as long as outer toes of the hind feet Tail vertically compressed, and nearly as Head wide, depressed, especially towards Nostrils prominent the fore legs with four free subequal toes Two feet Description Body robust, cylindrical, smooth long as the body Vent a small longitudinal slit the snout, broad Eyes small feet with five toes, the membrane to assist in Legs robust, short; two outer palmate ; swimming Tail much compressed, obtusely pointed, membranous on its upper edge, which extends some distance Lungs vesicular, elastic, along the back The cervical aperture covered with a simple fold vascular as in the tortoise Color Dark Vertebrae nineteen slate or greyish with darker spots Tongue A free in front dusky abbreviated line passes through the eyes Length 12-0- 24" I animal myself in this State but Prof Hall assures me that he of this Allegany river, one of the tributaries of the Ohio, within the limits It is said to be extremely feeds on worms, crayfish, fishes and aquatic reptiles have never met with has seen State it It voracious ; Dr Kirtland states, that in the State of Ohio, Ohio, but not in those of Fauna this in the — Part Lake Erie 12 it occurs in all the tributaries of the INDEX POPULAR NAMES OF THE REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES Page 27 Page 35 Green Garter-snake, Green Snake, 25 Green Blauser, 52 Alligator, Black Snake, Blanding's Box Tortoise, 45 40 Page Red Snake, Red Viper, 49 54 Red-bellied Terrapin, 16 Hawksbill Turtle, Ribbon-Snake, 47 39 Turtle, Blue-tailed Lizard, 29 Hog-nosed Snake, 51 Blue-tailed Skink, 29 39 Ring Snake, Sachem Snake, Brown Brown Scorpion, 33 House Snake, Land Turtle, 25 Salt-water Terrapin, 10 Swift, 31 Leather Turtle, Sand-king, 39 52 Loggerhead, Small 57 39 Massasagua Rattlesnake, Milk Snake, Brown Snake Smooth Terrapin, 46 Chain Snake, Checkered Adder, 37 38 Snapping Turtle, Chicken Snake, 39 Monitor, 28 Soft-shelled Turtle, Chunk-head, 54 Muhlenberg's Tortoise, 17 Speckled Turtle, 24 Mud 21 Spotted Tortoise, 13 Copper-head, 53 Musk 21 Striped Adder, 45 Crocodile, 27 Painted Tortoise, 12 Striped Lizard, 29 Dumb 54 Pilot, 36 Striped Snake, 43 Fresh-water Terrapin, 15 Pilot Black-snake, 36 Swift, 33 Gavial, 27 Pine Lizard, 33 Tortoise-shell Turtle, Geographic Tortoise, 18 Glass-snake, 34 Pseudo-geographic Tortoise, 19 Racer, 36, 37, 38 Grass Snake, 40 Rattlesnake, Buckwheat nose, Common Box Tortoise, Rattlesnake, Tortoise, Tortoise, 55 Water Snake, Wood Terrapin, Yellow-bellied Snake, 39 11 14 42 14 45 92 ENGLISH INDEX AMPHIBIANS Page Page Page Allegany Hell-bender, Banded Proteus, 89 Grey-spotted Triton, 85 Red-backed Salamander, 87 Hermit Spade-foot, 66 Blotched Salamander, 77 Large Northern Bullfrog, 61 Salmon-colored Salamander, 76 Scarlet Salamander, 81 81 Leopard Frog, 63 Shad Frog, _ 63 Bullfrog, 60 Long-tailed Salamander, 78 Spring Frog, 62 Common American Toad, 67 Marsh Frog, 62 Squirrel Tree-toad, 72 Cricket Frog, Cricket Hylodes, 70 Northern Tree-toad, 71 Striped-back Salamander, 79 70 Painted Salamander, 75 Tiger Frog, 63 Tiger Triton, 83 85 Peeper, Pickerel Frog, 70 63 Violet-colored Salamander, 74 84 Pickering's Hylodes, 69 Wood 64 78 Red Salamander, 80 Yellow-bellied Salamander, 73 Blue-spotted Salamander, Crimson-spotted Triton, Dusky Triton, Evet, Granulated Salamander, 84 Frog, 75 LATIN INDEX REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS [Those in italic are extra-limital.] REPTILIA Page Agamidje, 31 Alligator mississippiensis, 27 Ameiva — sexlineata, 30 tessellata, 30 34 28 Anguidje, Anolius carolinensis, Calamaria amoena, 49 — — Cheloma mydas, — — elapsoidea, 49 striatula, 49 — — — — — — — — — 37 41 gultatus, obsoletus, 41 occipitomaculatus, 41 punctatus, 39 quadrivittatus, 41 rhombomaculatus, 41 sayi, 41 testaceus, 41 vernalis, caretta, CoHJBERIDJS, 40 35 i?nbricata, Crocodilus macrorhyncus, 37 CheloniDjE, CROTALID.E, 53 Chelonura serpentina, Crotalophorus kirtlandi, 57 temmincki, 57 Chirotes lumbricoides, 33 Cistuda Carolina, 24 — — — — — — 25 blandingii, Coluber alleghaniensis, 36 constrictor, 35 couperi, 41 doliatus, 41 eximius, _ 38 Page Page Coluber getulus, — — tergeminus, Crotalus adamanteus, — — orcgonus, miliarius, durissus, 57 57 55 20 20 hieroglyphica, insculpta, 14 megacephala, 20 mobilensis, 20 muhlenbergii, 17 oregonensis, 20 palustris, 10 picta, 12 pseudogeographica, 19 reticulata, 20 rubriventris, 16 serrata, 20 11 terrapin, 20 troosti, Helicops abacurus, Emys 18 13 guttata, 58 20 Gumbcrlandensis, — 20 geogTaphica, Gavialis ncocesariensis, Geosaurus mitchilli, 58 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — floridana, 57 Elaps fulvius, ElapsidjE, Goncinna, Emys — erytkrogrammus, Heterodon annulatus, — niger, 28 28 50 50 52 52 94 LATIN INDEX Page Heterodon platyrhinos, — — simus, 51 Page Phrynosoma — 52 j 52 tigrinus, 28 IobanidjE, Kinosternon pensylvanicum, douglasii, 31 orbiculare, - 31 50 Pituophis melanoleucus, Plestiodon erythrocephalus, 30 Psammophis flagelliformis, 50 Lacertid.e, 30 Rhinostoma Leptophis saurita, 47 SAURIA, 27 astivus, 48 28 laterale, 30 Scincidje, Scincus fasciatus, — Lygosoma — quinque.line.atum, 30 28 Mosasaurus major, 50 coccinea, 29 Sphargis coriacea, Sternotharus odoratus, 22 OPHIDIA, 34 TESTUDINATA, OphiosauriDjE, 33 Testudo Carolina, 34 31 Trigonocephalus contortrix, 53 piscivorus, 55 coronatum, 31 atrofuscus, 55 Ophiosaurus ventralis, Phrynosoma cornutum, — — — Page Trionyx bartrami, — — — Tropidolepis — umbra, Tropidonotus — — — — — ferox, harlani, 7 muticus, undulatus, 31 33 46 dekayi, erythrogaster, 47 fasciatus, 45 leberis, 47 niger, ordinatus, — — 26 — — 47 47 rigidus, 47 sipedon, 42 taenia, 43 taxispilolus, 47 AMPHIBIA Amphiuma — means, 88 trydactylum, 88 AmphiumiDjE, 88 B ufo americanus, 67 — — — — cognatus, 68 erythronotus, 68 lentiginosus, 68 quercicus, 68 65 Cystignathus ornatus, — nigrilus, - Engystoma carolinense, Hyla delitescens, — - 65 65 72 femoralis, 72 squirella, 72 versicolor, 71 viridis, 72 — — — Hylodes — — gryllus, 70 ocularis, 70 pickeringi, 69 87 alleghaniensis, 89 Menobranchus Menopoma lateralis, Rana — — — — — — clamitans, 65 fontinalis, 62 halecina, 63 horiconensis, 61 palustris, 62 pipiens, 60 sylvatica, 64 RANID.E, Salamandra auriculata, — — — — — — — — — — — — Salamandra quadrimacu- — — — — — — 60 83 lata, rubra, 80 salmonea, 76 sinciput-albida, 82 74 subviolacea, symmetrica, - 73 _ 83 talpoidea, 82 Salamandridje, 73 bilineata, 79 66 cirrigera, 82 Scaphiopus solitarius, Siren intermedia, coccinea, 81 lacertina, 88 striata, 88 erythronota, fasciata, fusca, 75 88 77 Sirenid.e, 86 82 Triton ingens, 86 glutinosa, 81 granulata, 78 guttolineata,- 82 haldemani, 83 longicauda, 78 picta, — — 75 — — — — — jeffersoni, 86 millepunctatus, 84 niger, 85 porphyriticus, 85 tigrinus, 83 LIST OF PLATES Fig 96 LIST Fig 13 14 OF PLATES Plate VII The Musk Tortoise (Sternothsms odoratus) The Red-bellied Terrapin (Emys rubriventris) Plate VIII Fig 16 Muhlenberg's Tortoise (Emys muhlenbergi) The Brown Swift (Tropidolepis undulatus) 17 The 15 Fig 18 19 Fig 20 21 Fig 22 23 24 Blue-tailed Skink (Scincus fasciatus) Plate IX The Copper-head (Trigonocephalus contortrix) The Northern Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus) Plate X The Black Snake (Coluber constrictor) The Chain Snake (Coluber getulus) Plate XI The Grass Snake (Coluber vernalis) The Yellow-bellied Snake (Tropidonotus The Ribbon Snake (Leptophis saurita) leberis) Plate XII Fig 25 26 Fig 27 28 Fig 29 30 31 Fig 32 33 34 35 The Milk Snake (Coluber eximius) The Pilot Black-snake (Coluber alleghaniensis) Plate XIII The Striped Snake, variety, (Tropidonotus taenia) The Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platyrhinos) Plate XIV The Ring Snake (Coluber punctatus) The Small Brown Snake (Tropidonotus dekayi) The Water Snake (Tropidonotus sipedon) Plate XV The Tiger Triton (Triton tigrinus) The Yellow-bellied Salamander (Salamandra symmetrica) The Crimson-spotted Triton (Triton millepunctatus) The Dusky Triton (Triton niger) Fig 98 LIST OF PLATES Fig 63 Plate XXIII The Smooth Terrapin (Emys terrapin) 64 Outline of the last vertebral plate 65 Do 66 67 of of E palustris The Granulated Salamander (Salamandra granulata) The Striped-back Salamander (Salamandra bilineata) ... January 1, 1842 E in obtaining DE KAY LIST WORKS REFERRED TO THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE REPTILES AND IN AMPHIBIANS Journal of the Ac Sc Am Academy of Natural Sciences vols 8vo Philadelphia, American... ZOOLOGY OF NEW-YORK, OR THE NEW-YORK FAUNA; COMPRISING DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE ANIMALS HITHERTO OBSERVED WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW-YORK, WITH BRIEF NOTICES OF THOSE OCCASIONALLY... or a Description of the Reptiles inhabiting the United States vols 4to Philadelphia, 1834 et seq Kirtland Report on the Zoology of Ohio pp 42 Cincinnati, 1838 Description of the Species of North