Oo £ BIRDCRAFT A FIELD BOOK OF TWO HUNDRED SONG aA3IE, AND WATER BIRDS BY d^ ]\TAP>ET OSGOOD AVRIGHT AUTHOll OF " THE FKIENDSHIP OF NATURE " WITH FULL-PJGE PLATES CONTATNTNG 128 BIRDS IN THE NATURAL COLOURS, AND OTHER ILLUSTRATIONS Weill Iforfe MACMILLAN AND AND LONDON 1895 All rights reserved CO COPTRIGHT, 1895, bt macmillan and CO Wortoooti Jprfss: J S Gushing & Co — Berwick & Smitl Norwood, Mass., U.S.A PLATE I FOK DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE Bluebird Long-billed Marsh Hermit Thrush ' Wren Winter Wren Carolina Wood Thrush Golden-crowned Kinglet, Female Wren Golden-crowned Kinglet, Male American Robin 10 Catbird 11 House AYren 12 Indigo Bunting 13 Brown Thrasher A RECORD OF HAPPY FIELD DAYS ABOUT HOME AV'aldstein, FAiKFrELD, Conn Makch 1, lb95 HAST THOU NAMED ALL THE BIRDS WITHOUT A GUN I'^MEl'.SdX AND THE BIRDS SANG ROUND HIM, O ER "do NOT SHOOT US, HIAWATHA! " SANG THE OPECHEE, THE ROBIN, SANG THE BLUEBIRD, THE OWAISSA, "do NOT SHOOT US, HIAWATHA! " HIM, Longfellow — TABLE OF CONTENTS — PAGE TO THE READER xi LNTRODUCTORY CHAPTERS: The Spring Song The Building of the Nest The Water-birds 21 Birds oe Autumn and Winter 25 HOW 11 TO NAME THE BIRDS SYNOPSIS OF FAMILIES 35 43 BIRD BIOGRAPHIES: Peuching Song-biuds 57 Peuciung Songless Bird-; 182 Birds of Prey 206 Pigeons, Quails, Grouse 225 Shore and Marsh Birds 231 Swimming Birds 255 KEY TO THE BIRDS 281 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES 309 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES 315 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -^ 4TE I LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS OPP PAGR 137 Pl.ATK IV Cardinal :3 Orchard Oriole, Male Orchard Oriole, Female Blackburniaii Warbler Red-winged Blackbird, Male Baltimore Oriole, Male 11 Red-winged Blackbird, Female American Redstart G Baltimore Oriole, P'emale Kose-breasted Grosbeak, 12 Scarlet Tanager Female Rose-breasted 10 Vo Pine Grosbeak 14 American Crossbill Grosbeak, Male Pl.\te () V 151 Red-eyed Vireo White-crowned Sparrow Pine Siskin (Pine Finch) VesiDcr Sparrow Chipping Sparrow Tree Sparrow Cedar Wax wing Grasshopper Sparrow Plate VI Mourning Dove, Male Mourning Dove, Female Snowflake 11 Towhee Song Sparrow 12 Field Sparrow 10 13 White-throated Sparrow 14 Junco 15 Purple Finch 10 Fox Sparrow 171 Belted Kingfisher (young) Meadowlark Passenger Pigeon, Male 10 Bobolink, Male Cowbird, 11 Cowbird, Female Purple Grackle Bobolink, Female Blue Jay, Male Blue Jay, Female Belted Kingfisher, Male jNIale 12 13 Plate VII 183 Acadian Flycatcher, Black-billed Cuckoo Yellow-billed Cuckoo Olive-sided Flycatcher (i Northern Shrike Kingbird PhcBbe Horned Lark Plate VIII White-breasted 197 Nuthatch, LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Ol'r Plate IX V Red-shouldered Hawk Homed Great Short-eared Owl American Barn Owl Owl 215 Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Marsh Hawk American Sparrow Hawk American Osprey (Fish Hawk) Bald Eagle Cooper's Hawk 11 Semipalmated Sandpiper Bartramian Sandpiper Woodcock Semipalmated Plover (Rinj 12 Ruffed Grouse, Partridge Red-tailed Plate XI 227 Knot Wilson's Snipe Golden Plover Greater Yellow Legs Bob-white, Quail Bob-white, Quail, Female Bob-white, Quail (young) 10 Plover) Plate XII 245 Clapper Rail Great Blue Heron Virginia Rail G Sora (Carolina Rail) Black-crowned NightHeron Florida Gallinule American Green Heron Turnstone Plate XIII Bittern 250 Killdeer Plover Horned Grebt', Female Horned Grebe (winter) Canada Goose Black-bellied Plover Piping Plover Knot (winter) Horned 200 Barred Owl American Long-eared Owl and Screech Owls Plate X PAUE Grebe summer) (male 10 Loon XIV Wood Duck Bufflehead Mallard Old Squaw Pintail Redhead American Merganser Brant Canvasback Black Duck Plate 10 In the case of the tln'v are larger Hawks than the males iiiid Owls, the lutiasui-umetits yiveu are of the leuiales, as KEY TO THE E BIRDS BIRDS WITH STRONG LEGS AND LONG TOES; SUBDUED PLUMAGE INHABITANTS OF REEDY MARSHES ; General colouring sand-gray, with no reddish tinge Wings and Bill longer than the head, yellowish brown tail dull brown ; feet the same colour Clapper Kail Above dark brown, plainly General tone streaky and reddish streaked with olive, a white line from the bill extending over tho eye Throat white Below bright reddish Wings dark brown, barred with white Virginia Rail See page 245 Bill See page 34G only three-fourths of an inch long, straight and stout olive, brownish, and black, many Above feathers having white edges, and with black and white barring on the flanks Breast coloured, with some black on the centre of the throat dusky brown, darkest in centre and almost pointed Sora Tail See page 347 and frontal plate red Above, head and neck bluish gray, back olive-brown, wings and tail dark Beneath dark gray, grading to white on belly Bill Florida Gallinule slate- See page 348 Whole edge of slate above, head and neck almost black wing and tips of some quills white Below paler gray tail dark brown Bill flesh-white, with a slight rusty black mark Dark ; at the tip Red frontal shield Feet pale dull green American Coot F See page 249 LONG-LEGGED, LONG-NECKED, LONG-BILLED, LARGE BIRDS; LIVING IN WOODED SWAMPS L Above yellowish brown, much streaked and mottled with different shades of brown, from dark to light Below yellowish white, the feathers edged and striped with brown Tail brown, small and rounded Bill yellow, edged with black legs yellow; green American Top of head, black which Back of Bittern See page 250 is slightly crested, and back, rich greenish neck chestnut-brown also wing coverts and ; some quills Tail like back Below muddy yellow, with dark brown patches on sides of breast, and some white around the throat Bill, eyes, and toes yellow the edges of Least Bittern 303 See page 251 ) ; KEY TO THE BIRDS Long black crest, the two longest feathers of which are shed in the summer moult Upper parts and tail bluish slate, below black and white streaked, forehead and crown white Bill yellow and dusky; feet and legs dark (Very large Heron, often four feet long Great Blue Heron See page 353 Head with lengthened crest Above dark glossy green, sometimes with an iridescence Edging of wing coverts reddish Neck a rich shade of chestnut, with purplish wash white streak on ; the throat Above under parts whitish, shading to ash below Green Heron See page ; either dull or greenish black tail, ; Throat and forehead whitish 353 wings, and neck grayish Below livid white three long white feathers often rolled into one Crest of Bill black legs yellow Black-crowned Night Heron OFF-SHORE BIRDS H * See page 354 A tube-nosed swimmer Legs long Above sooty brown, blackenLong black legs, the foot-webbing spotted with yellow One of "Mother Carey's Bill black ing on wings and tail ; white rump chickens." Wilson's Petrel ** Bluish gray above, and bill light yellow White below Black feet Kittiwake Gull See page 369 tip to tail Above grayish blue or "gull-blue," below i head and tail lighter; white Bill yellow, feet flesh colour American Herring See page 368 Legs short Head and neck dark slate ; bill carmine Gull Back See page 370 slate-coloured, All under Legs and feet dull reddish divided from the head by the white of the neck parts white, also tail coverts Laughing Head and upper neck dark blue." and Rump gull-blue lead colour; bill and tail white, also under Legs and feet light red Gull black; back "gullparts Bonaparte's Gull See page 370 Wings white See page 371 and tipped with yellow Upper head and back of neck black Entire back and wings light gray with a bluish wash Tail coverts, most Bill long, coral-red at base, black toward end, A peculiar shade of bluish gray 304 KEY TO THE of tail, and and wing BIRDS linings white below white and gray ; Common Tern ; and reddish at base Black cap and back of neck white, also entire under Wings varied gray parts white with a rosy wash Feet and legs yellowish red gray Legs and bill yellow Crown black A few outer wing gull-blue claws black Roseate Tern back, wings, ; ; tail pearl- ; feathers black ; See tail, p.-ige 373 and rump below white Least Tern I Sue iiagu »7^ black, yellow at tip, Bill long head feathers Legs feet light red See page 375 STOUT-BODIED DIVING BIRDS OF FRESH AND SALT WATER bill Above dark brown with some white on below generally whitish A small off-shore bird seldom Short, thick, black wings ; seen near land DovekJe See page 375 Head, throat, and neck iridescent and purplish Triangular patches of black and white streaks on either side of the throat, almost joining at the back, and narrowing in front Sides of breast streaked with black and white under parts white Bill black, edged with yellowish green, blue, ; L/Oon Upper parts generally dull and mottled with white a triangle of rusty White below red on the front of neck Bill black Blue-gray forehead black, streaked ; Ked-tliroated Loon See p.igc 37(> See page 376 Prominent crest, forming two yellow-brown horns, rest of head Above dark brown with edgings of puffy and glossy black gray and black Neck, upper breast, and sides rusty brown some white on wings Bill black with yellow tip These birds are expert swimmers but practically helpless on land ; In winter, horns lacking Horned Grebe Some See page 377 but no regular horns Above brown, showy black markings on chin and thi'oat Breast and lower throat yellowish brown, irregularly spotted and barred on the upper parts lower parts glossy white Wings brown, gray, and white Bill much spotted bristling, frontal feathers, dark ; Pied-billed Grebe X 306 See page 378 INDICES INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Auk, Cowbird (Plate Little, 275 VI.), 15, 16, 95, 107, 167, 168 Bee Martiu, 182, 183 Bitteru, American (Plate XII.), Bittern, Least, 17, 251 Crane, Blue, 252 Creeper, Black-and-white, 88, 89, 101 Creeper, Brown (Plate VIIL), 27, 30, Blackbird, Crow, 175 Blackbird, Red-winged (Plate IV.), Crossbill, 250 American (Red Crossbill), (Plate IV.), 29, 137, 138, 139 8, 17, 26, 86, 169 Blackbird, Rusty, 175 Blackbird, Thrush, 179 Bluebird (Plate I.), xi., 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 66, 67, 69, 90, Crow, American, 16, 178, 179 Crow, Fish, 179, 180 Cuckoo, Black-billed (Plate VII.), 203, 204 Cuckoo, Yellow-billed (Plate VII.), 157, 159, 164 Bobolink (Plate VI.), 75, 76, 89, 104 5, 7, 9, 13, 26, 202, 203 165, 166, 167, 248 Bob-white (Plate XI.), 227, 228, 229 Booby, 265 Brant (Plate XIV.), 267, 268 Dabchick, 278 Bufflehead (Plate XIV.), 264 Bunting, Bay-winged, 145 Bunting, Indigo (Plate I.), 8, 164 Bunting, Snow, 29, 30, 139, 142, 143 Butcher-bird, 122 226 227 Dovekie (Plate XIV.), 275 Dove, Sea, 275 Calico Snipe, 231 Canvasback (Plate XIV.), 262 Cardinal (Plate IV.), xii., 9, ( \7, XIV.), 255, 256 American Golden-eye, 264 American Scaup, 263 1.38, 16, 26, 112, 120, 121, 122, 168 Chip-bird, Winter, 153 Chippy, 153 Clape, 200 Coot, American, 249 Coot, Sea, 265 8, 168, Dowitcher, 238 Catbird (Plate I.), 8, 14, 16, 19, 27, 78,79,80, 121, 154 Cedar-bird, 17, 28, 124, 125 Chat, Yellow-breasted (Plate II.), 8, 72, 73, 85, 222 Dove, Mourning (Plate VI.), Duck, American Merganser (Plate 161, 162 Chewink, 160 Chickadee (Plate VIIL), Dipper, 278 26, 27, 30, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, Duck, American Scoter, 265 Black (Plate XIV.), xii., 257 Broad-bill, 263 Bufflehead (Plate XIV.), 264 Blue-wiuged Teal, 259 Canvasback (Plate XIV.), Crow, 249 Green-winged Teal, 2.58 Old Squaw"^ (Plate XIV.), Old Wife, 265 Pintail (Plate XIV.), 259, Pochard American, 262 Redhead (Plate XIV.), 268 Duck, Summer, 309 260 262 265 200 262, INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Duck, Wood (Plate XIV.), Hawk, Hawk, Hawk, Hawk, Hawk, Hawk, 22, 2(10, 261 Eagle, Bald (Plate X.), 220, 221 Eagle, White-headed Sea, 220 Fiuch, Grass, 145 Finch, Pine (or Siskin) (Plate V.), 27,31, 138, 141, 142 Fiuch, Purple (Plate V.), 9, 16, 19, Duck, 223 Fish, 223 Hen, 218, 219 Marsh (Plate X.), Pigeon, 223 17, 215 Red-shouldered (Plate IX.), 30, 219, 220 Hawk, Red-tailed (Plate X.), 30, 218, 219 Hawk, Sharp-shinned 27, 29, 119, 134, i;;5 (Plate X.), 30, 216 Flicker (Plate VHI.) 17, 19, 200, 201 Flycatcher, Acadian (Plate VII.), 188 Flycatcher, Crested, 13, 184 Flycatcher, Least, 189 Flycatcher, Olive-sided (Plate VII.), , 186 Hen, Red-billed Mud, 248 Hen, Salt-water Marsh, 245 Hen, White-billed Mud, 249 Heron, Black-crowned Night (Plate XII.), 17, 254, 255 Heron, Great Blue (Plate XII.), 252 Heron, Green (Plate XIL), 17, 253 Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied, 187 High-hole, 200 Galliuule, Florida (Plate XII.), 248, Hummingbird, Ruby-throated (Plate 249 III.), 16, 19, 27, 68, 194, 195, 196 Golden-eye, American, 264 Goldfinch, American (Plate II.), 5, Jay, Blue (Plate VI.), 11, 16, 26, 29, 30, 139, 140, 141, 157, 164 Goose, Canada (Plate XIII.), 266, 267 Goose, Wild, 266, 267 Goshawk, American, Jay, Canada, 178 Junco, Slate-coloured (Plate 137, 175, 176 Grebe, Horned (Plate XIII.), 277 Grebe, Pied-billed, 278 Grosbeak, Pine (Plate IV.), 29, 133, Killdeer (Plate XUL), 233, 234 Kingbird (Plate VII.), 16, 25, 126, 137, 168, 182, 183, 184 Kingfisher, Belted (Plate VI.), Kinglet, Golden-crowned (Plate 134 9, 12, 17, 2(5, 67, 162, 163, 164 Grouse, Ruffed (Plate XL), 8, 17, 27, 69, 229, 230,231 Gull, Bonaparte's (Plate XV.), 271 Gull, Herring (Plate XV.), 269, 270 Gull, Kittiwake, 269 Gull, Laughing (Plate XV.), 270 Winter (Plate XV.), 270 I.), 28, 68 Kinglet, Ruby-crowned, 27, 69, 70 Knot (Plates XI and XIII.), 239 Lark, Brown, 87 Lark, Horned (Plate VII.), 28, 30, 31, 137, 144, 145, 170, 180 Linnet, Redpoll, 29, 138, 139 Longspur, Lapland, Loon (Plate XHL), 144, 145 276 Loon, Red-throated, 276 Hawk, American Rough-legged, 223 Mallard (Plate XIV.), Hawk, American Sparrow (Plate Martin, Bee, 182, 183 v.), 222 17, 28, 30, 204, 205 Grosbeak, Rose-breasted (Plate IV.), Hair-bird, 153 Harrier, 215 V.), 25, 26, 29, 155, 156, 222 213, 223 Crackle, Purple (Plate VI.), 26, 28, Gull, 17, 27, 28, 71, 90, 177 Martin, Purple, 256 8, 16, 125, 126 Hawk, American Broad-wiuged, 223 Martin, Sand, 129, 130 Meadowlark (Plate VI.), xi., 8, 9, Hawk, Blue, 215 Hawk, Chicken, 217 17, 28, 30, 31, 137, 144, 169, 170 Hawk, Cooper's (Plate X.), 8, 30, Merganser, American (Plate XIV.), 255, 256 213, 217 310 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Merganser, Red-breasted, 250 Mockingbird, 9, 7(J, 77, 78, 137 Pipit, American, 87, 88 Plover, American Golden (Plate XI.) 232, 233 Plover, Black-bellied (Plate XIII.), , Nighthawk (Plate III.), 8, 17, 191, 192, 193 232 Nigbtiugale, G4, 68 Nightingale, Virginia, ICl Plover, Field, 233 Plover, Killdeer (Plate XIII.), 233, Nuthatch.Red-breasted (Plate VIII.), 28, 74, 75 White-breasted VIII.), 14, 17,27,73,74 Nuthatch, (Plate Old Squaw (Plate XIV.), 265 Old Wife, 265 Oriole, Baltimore (Plate IV.), 9, 1(1, Pale Ring-neck, 235 Piping (Plate XIII.) 235, 23(> Ring, 234 Seniipalmated (Plate XL), , 234 Plover, Upland, 244 5, 8, Poke, 253 19, 25, 26, 67, 71, 116, 132, 163, 1()S, 171, 173, 174 Oriole, 234 Plover, Plover, Plover, Plover, Orchard (Plate IV.), 16, 19, Qua-bird, 254 Quail (Plate XL), 171 Ortolan, 248 Osprey, American (Plate X.), Quawk, 254 17, 27, 223, 224 Ovenbird (Plate 8, 17, 27, 30, 227, 228, 231 II.), 17, 69, 106, 107, Rail, Blue, 248, 249 Rail, Carolina (Plate XII.), 247 Rail, Clapper (Plate XII.), 108, 168 Owl, Acadian, 210, 211 246 Owl, American Barn (Plate IX.), 200 Rail, King, 247 Owl, American Barred (Plate IX.), Rail, Virginia (Plate XIL), 17, 28, 209, 210 Owl, American 17, 245, 17, 246, 247 Long-eared (Plate IX.), 207, 212 Owl, Cat, 207 Owl, Great-Horned (Plate IX.), 28, 209, 212, 213 Owl, Hoot, 212 Owl, Saw-whet, 210, 211 Owl, Screech (Plate IX.), Rain Crow, 203 Redhead (Plate XIV.), 262, 268 Redpoll, 29, 138, 139, 144 Redpoll, Yellow, 105 Redstart, American (Plate IV.), 9, 16, 99, 115, 116 17, 211, Reedbird, l(i5, 166, 167 Robin, American (Plate 212, 215 I.), 7, 8, 11, 14, 16, 26, 28, 30, 31, 35, 57, 63, 64, Owl, Short-eared (Plate IX.), 208 Owl, Snowy, 29, 31, 213, 214, 215 65, 66, 163 Robin, English, 66 Robin, Ground, 160 Partridge (Plate XI.), 229 Peep, 241, 242 Sandpiper, Bartramian (Plate XL), Pelican, 38 Petrel, Leach's, 269 Petrel, Stormy, 268 Petrel, Wilson's (Plate XV.), 268 Sandpiper, Least, 241, 242 Sandpiper, Pectoral, 240 Sandpiper, Seniipalmated Pewee, Water, 185 Pewee, Wood, 8, 101, 186, 187 Pheasant, 229 Phoebe (Plate VII.) 7, 8, 16, 27, Pigeon, Passenger (Plate VI.), , 226 Pigeon, Wild, 225, 226 Pintail (Plate XIV.) 259, 260 244 XL), 185 225, (Plate 242 Sandpiper, Solitary, 243 Sandpiper, Spotted, 17, 244, 245 (Plate Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied VIIL), 198, 199 Scoter, American, 265 Shrike, Northern (Plate VII.), 28, 30, 31, 122, 123, 124, 222 311 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Siskin, Pine (or Pine Fincli) (Plate Tauager, Scarlet (Plate IV.), v.), 27, 29, 31, 138, 141, 142 xii., 5, 7, 16, 27, 67, 116, 131, 132, 164 Skylark, 8, 181 Snipe, English, 237, 238 Snipe, Red-breasted, 238 Snipe, Robin, 239 Teal, Blue-winged, 259 Teal, Green-winged, 258 Teeter, 244, 245 Snipe, Stone, 242 Snipe, Wilson's (Plate XI.), 8, 237, Tern, Common (Plate XV.), 272, Tern, Least, 275 Tern, Roseate, 273, 274 27.'! Thistle-bird, 140 238 Snowbird, 155 Snowflake (Plate Thrasher, V.), 142, 143, 144 Sora (Plate XII.), 247, 248 Sparrow, Chipping (Plate V.), 7, 8, 6:i, 62, 63, 64, 69, Sparrow, English, 16, 31 13(), 137 Sparrow, Field (Plate V.), 8, 1(>, 154, , 155 G, 28, 151, 19, 27, 1.37 26, 57, 58, 62, 63, 81, 132, 137, H)8 Grasshopper (Plate V.), House, 13(J, Titlark, 87, 88 Titmouse, Black-capped, Titmouse, Tufted, 71 16, 148 Sparrow, Sparrow, Sparrow, Sparrow, Sparrow, Sparrow, I.), Thrush, Olive-backed, 61, 62 Thrush, Song (Brown Thrasher), 80 Thrush, Wilson's, 58 Thrush, Wood (Plate I.), 9, 16, 18, 159, 222 Sparrow, (Plate Thrush, Golden-crowned, 27, lOG Thrush, Gray-cheeked, CO, 61, 62 Thrush, Hermit (Plate I.), G, 9, '27, K), 18, 28, 153, 154, 158 Sparrow, Fox (Plate V.), Brown 80, 81 137 Ipswich, 14G Towhee Savanna, Turnstone (Plate XIII.), 147 Seaside, 17, 150 Sharp-tailed, 149 Song (Plate V.), Veery, 3, 7, 9, 15, 16, 26, 27, 30, 135, 145, 150, 157, 158, 159 Sparrow, Swamp Song, 158 Sparrow, Tree (Plate V.), 72 (Plate V.), S, 16, 27, 160, 1G8 231 63 8, 9, 17, 26, 58, 59, 60, 61, Vireo, Blue-headed, 120 Vireo, Philadelphia, 119 Vireo, Red-eyed (Plate V.), 16, 19, 27, 116, 117 28, 152, 222 Sparrow, Vesper (Plate V.), IG, 9, 145, 14G, 155, 158 Vireo, Vireo, Vireo, Vireo, Sparrow, White-crowned (Plate V.), Solitary, 19, 120 Warbling, 17, 118, 119 White-eyed, 16, 121, 122 Yellow-throated (Plate II.), 17, 119, 120 G, 27, 150 Sparrow, White-throated (Plate V.), G, 7, 27, 28, 150, 151 Sparrow, Yellow-winged, 148 Sprigtail (Plate XIV.), 259 Stake Driver, 250 Swallow, Bank (Plate III.), 17, Wagtail, AVater, 108 Warbler, Bay-breasted (Plate 129, Warbler, Black and White, 27, 88, 89 AVarbler, Black and Yellow, 97 Warbler, Blackburnian (Plate IV.), 102, 116, 132 130, 131 Swallow, Barn (Plate IH.), Cliff (Plate III.), 127 Warbler, Black-capped, 114 Warbler, Black-poll, 7, 101 Warbler, Black-throated Blue (Plate Eaves, 127 Roughed-wiuged, 131 Warbler, 1(1, 127, 128 Swallow, Swallow, Swallow, Swallow, Swallow, Swallow, II.) 128, 193, 194 , 27, 95, 96 (Plate Sea,''272 Tree (Plate III.), 129 White-bellied, 17, 129 Swift, Chimney (Plate HI.), xii., 1(), II.), 27, 99, 100 Green Black-throated II.), 9, 17, 27, 102, 103 Warbler, Blue-winged (Plate II.), 17, 90 8, Warbler, Blue Yellow-backed, AVarbler, Canadian, 114, 115 12 93 INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES Warbler, Chestnut-sided (Plate 'J8, II.), Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Golden-winged, 90, 91 8, 17, 236, 237 Hooded (Plate II.), li;? Magnolia (Plate II.), 97, 98 Woodpecker, Downy (Plate VIII.), Mourning, 110 Myrtle (Plate II.), Woodpecker, Golden-winged AVarbler, 198 (Flick- er) (Plate VIII.), 200 27, 96, Woodpecker, Hairy, 196, 197 Woodpecker, Red-headed (Plate 97, 101 Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Warbler, Whistler, 264 Woodcock, American (Plate XL;, 90 Nashville, 91, 92 Parula 20, 93, 94 Pine, 28, 103, 104 VIII.), 199 Wren, Carolina (Plate I.), 82, 83 Wren, House (Plate I.), l(i, 19, Prairie, 105 Wilson's, 114 83 84 AVorm-eatiug (Plate II.), Wren, Long-billed Marsh (Plate 89 I.) 17, 86, 158 Warbler, Yellow (Plate II.), 10, 19, Wren, 26, 94, 95, 116, 132 Short-billed Marsh, 85, 86, 158 Warbler, Yellow Palm, 27, 104, Warbler, Yellow-rumped, 96 Wren, Winter (Plate I.), 108, Yellowbird, Summer, 94 (Plate V.), 11, 124, Yellowhanimer, 200 Yellow-legs, Greater 105 Water Thrush (Plate II.) 108 Water Thrush, Louisiana, 107, 27, 28, 08, 84, 85 , 109 Waxwing, Cedar 125 Whip-poor-will (Plate HI.), (Plate XL), 242 8, 9, 10, Yellow-throat, Maryland (Plate 9, 16, 27, 110, 111," 113, 120 17, 60, 128, 190, 191, 192 313 II.), INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Acanthis linaria, 138 Calcarius lapponicus, 144 Cardinalis cardinalis, 161 Carpodacus purpnreus, 134 Certhia familiaris americana, 75 Ceryle aleyon, 204 Chajtura pelagica, 193 Charadrius dominicus, 233 Charadrius squatarola, 232 Charitonetta albeola, 264 Accipiter cooperi, 217 Accipiter velox, 216 Actitis macularia, 244 ^gialitis meloda, 235 jii^gialitis semipalmata, 234 iEgialitis vocifera, 233 Agelaius phoeuiceus, 169 Aix sponsa, 260 Cbelidon erytlirogaster, 127 Chordeiles virginianus, 191 Circus hudsonius, 215 Cistothorus palustris, 86 Alle alle, 275 Ammodramus Ammodramus caudacutus, 149 Ammodraiims jjriuceiJS, 146 Ammodramus vamia, maritiinus, 150 saudwichensis Ammodramus savannarum • sa- Cistothorus stellaris, 85 Clangula hyemalis, 265 147 passeri- Clivicola riparia, 130 nus, 148 Amijelis cedrorum, 124 Anas bochas, 2r)6 Anas carolinensis, 258 Coccyzus americauus, 202 Coccyzus erytbi-opbtlialmus, Anas discors, 259 Anas obscura, 257 Anthus pensilvanifus, 87 Antrostomus vociferus, 190 Ardea herodias, 252 Ardea virescens, 253 Colymbus Ardetta exilis, 251 Arenaria interpres, 231 Asio accipitrinus, 208 Asio 'wilsonianus, 207 Aythya americana, 262 Aythya marila nearctica, 263 Aythya vallisueria, 262 Bartramia longicauda, 244 Bonasa umbellus, 229 Botaurus lentigiuosus, 250 Branta bernicla, 267 Branta canadensis, 266 Bubo virgianus, 212 Buteo borealis, 218 Buteo lineatus, 219 203 Colaptes auratus, 200 Colinus virginianus, 227 auritus, 277 Compsothlypis americana, Contopus borealis, 186 Contopus virens, 186 Corvus americanus, 178 Corvus ossifragus 179 Cyanocitta cristata, 177 93 Dafila acuta, 259 Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica Dendroica ajstiva, 94 blackburnia^, 102 casrulescens, 95 castanea, 99 coronata, 96 discolor, 105 maculosa, 97 palmarum hypochrysea, 104 Dendroica i)ensylvanica, Dendroica striata, 101 Dendroica vigorsii, 103 Dendroica virens, 102 315 98 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Dolichonyx oryzivorus, 105 Dryobates pubescens, 198 Dryobates villosus, 196 Nyctea uyctea, Ectopistes migratorius, 225 Empidonax acadicos, 188 Oidemia americana, 213 Nycticorax nycticorax nfevius, 254 Oceauites oceauicus, 268 Pandiou baliaetus carolinensis, Parus atricapillus, 72 Parus bicolor, 71 Falco sparverius, 222 Fulica americana, 249 Passerella iliaca, 159 264 162 Haliatitus leucocephalus, 220 Hari^orbynclius rufus, 80 Helmintliopbila cbrysoptera, 90 Helmiutliophila pinus, 90 155 Lanius borealis, 122 Larus argentatus smithsonianus,2 70 Larus atricilla, 270 Larus pbiladelpbia, 271 Loxia eurvirostra minor, 137 Macrorbampbus griseus, 238 Mimus polyglottus, 76 Mniotilta varia, 88 Molotbrus ater, 167 Myiarcbus crinitus, 184 Nyclala ucadia, 210 Piuicola enucleator, 133 Pipilo erytbropbthahiius, 160 Piranga erytbromelas, 131 Plectropbenax nivalis, 142 Podilymbus podiceps, 278 Poocaetes gramiueus, 145 Porzana Carolina, 247 Progne subis, 125 Rallus longirostris crepitans, 245 Rallus virginianus, 24(i Regulus calendula, 69 Regulus satrapa, 68 Rissa tridactyla, 269 Icteria virens, 112 Icterus galbula, 172 Icterus spurius, 171 Megascoi^s asio, 211 Melanerpes erytbrocepbalus, 199 Melospiza fasciata, 156 Melospiza georgiana, 158 Merganser americauus, 255 Merula migratoria, 64 Passerina cyanea, 164 Petrocbelidon luuifrons, 127 Pbilohela minor, 236 Quiscalus quiscula, 175 Hehninthopbila ruficapilla, 91 Helmitlierus vermivoras, 89 Junco hyemalis, 223 Passer domesticus, 136 Galeoscoptes cai-oliuensis, 78 Gallinago delicata, 237 Gallinula galeata, 248 Geothlypis ijhiladelphia, 110 Geotblypis tricbas, 110 Glaucionetta clangula americana, Habia ludoviciana, 265 Otocoris alpestris, 180 Einpidouax flaviveutris, 187 Einpidouax minimus, 189 Ereunetes pusillus, 242 Sayornis pbcBbe, 185 Scolecopbagus carolinus, 175 Seiurus aurocapillus, 106 Seiurus motacilla, 108 Seiurus noveboraceusis, 108 Setojibaga ruticilla, 115 Sialia sialis, 66 Sitta canadensis, 74 Sitta carolinensis, 73 Spliyrapicus varius, 198 Spinus pinus, 141 Spinus tristis, 140 Spizella monticola, 152 Spizella pusilla, 154 iSpizella socialis, 153 Sterna antillarum, 275 Sterna dougalli, 273 Sterna birundo, 272 Strix pratincola, 20G Sturnella magna, 170 Sylvania canadensis, 114 316 INDEX OF LATIN NAMES Sylvania mitrata, 113 Sylvania pusilla, 114 Syruium nebulosum, 209 Turdus uiusteliuus, 57 Turdus ustulatus swainsonii, Tyrauuus tyranuus, 182 Taeliycineta bicolor, 129 Thryothorus ludoviciauus, 82 Urinator imber, 276 Uriuator lumme, 276 Totaims melauoleucus, 242 Totauus solitarius, 243 Triuga cauutus, 239 Triuga maculata, 240 Triuga miuutilla, 241 Vireo Vireo Vireo Vireo Vireo Vireo Trochilus colubris, 194 Troglodytes aedon, 83 Troglodytes hiemalis, 84 Tiirdus alicise, 60 Turdus aonalasclikBe pallasii, Tardus fuscesceus, 58 flavifrous, 119 gilvus, 118 noveboracensis, 121 olivaceus, 116 philadelphieus, 119 solitarius, 120 Zenaidura macroura, 226 62 Zonotrichia albicollis, 151 Zonotrichia leucophrys, 150 317 61 ... gratitude to Dr J A Allen, Curator Department of Birds and Mammals of the American Museum of Natural History, for much valuable assistance and advice in connection Avitli this book If you are... attracted by seeing a held- AA'as luouse run from a tuft of grass at the root of a small l)ush, and I found there a nest, presumably that of a Song 8par- containing tAvo SparroAv eggs and one belonging... nests are made of. " NoAV if you are interested, aAvake, and clear-eyed, go out as I have said, and I Avill lead you, figuratively, telling you Avhat you may find as a foretaste Begin near at home