Paulsen 1910

DANMARK-EKSPEDITIONEN TIL GRØNLANDS NORDØSTKYST UNDER LEDELSE AF L MYLIUS-ERICHSEN BIND III 1906 — 1908 — INDHOLD Side I from North-East Greenland (N of 76° N lat.\ collected by the Danmark-Expedition 1906 1908, by C H Ostenfeld and Andr Lundager (Hertil Tavle I VI) The Insects of the Danmark-Expedition by Fritz Johansen and J List of Vascular Plants Nielsen III IV (Hertil Tavle VII— VIII) 33 Freshwater Algæ from the Danmark-Expedition to North-East Greenland by Borgesen (N of 76° N lat On the Marine Algæ from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark- ) Expedition, by L F 69 Kolderup Rosenvinge 91 Fungi Terrestres from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark135 Expedition, determined by C Ferdinandsen (Hertil Tavle IX) VI Systematic List of Fungi (Micromycetes) from North-East Greenland, col1908, determined by J Lind lected bj' the Danmark Expedition 1906 V 147 (Hertil Tavle Xl VII Hepaticea and Sphagnaceae from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark-Expedition 1906 1908, determined by C Jensen Mosses from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark-Expedition 1906—1908, determined by Aug Hesselbo (Hertil Tavle XI -XII) IX Lichens from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark-Expedition 1906 1908, determined by Olaf Galloe X Diatoms from North-East Greenland, collected by the Danmark-Expedition, determined bj' Ernst Østrup (Hertil Tavle XIII XIV) XI Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea (W of 6° W long, and N of 73°3Ü' N lat.), collected during the Danmark-Expedition 1906—1908: I List of Diatoms and Flagellates by H Ostenfeld II Protozoa by H Ostenfeld III Peridinales by Ove Paulsen IV General remarks on the Microplankton by H Ostenfeld and Ove Paulsen XII Contributions to the Carboniferous Flora of North-Eastern Greenland by (Hertil Tavle XV- XVI) A G Nathorst XIII Some notes concerning the Vegetation of Germania Land, North-East Greenland, by Andr Lundager (Hertil Tavle XVII) XIV Acari by Ivar Tragårdh XV A Marine Dorylaimus from Greenland waters by Hjalmar Ditlevsen 163 VIII — 181 193 257 287 301 319 337 347 415 427 (Hertil Tavle XVIII) Bryozoa by G M R Levinsen (Hertil Tavle XIX-XXIV) XVII Report on the Porifera, collected by the Danmark-Expedition to NorthEast Greenland, by H V Bronsted (Hertil Tavle XXV -XXVI) XVIII The Alcyonaria of East-Greenland by Hegtor F E Jungersen XIX Actinaria and Zoantharia of the Danmark-Expedition by Oskar Carlgren XX The Marine Carboniferous of North-East Greenland and its Brachiopod Fauna by Karl A Grönwall (Hertil Tavle XXVII- XXX) XXI Quarternary Fossils, collected by the Danmark-Expedition, by Ad S Jensen XVI 169 431 473 485 505 509 619 38347 XL MARINE PLANKTON FROM THE EAST-GREENLAND SEA (W OF 6° W LONG AND N OF 73° 30' N LAT.) COLLECTED DURING THE '^DANMARK EXPEDITION HI ' (1906—1908) PERIDINIALES BY OVE PAULSEN 1910 XLIII 23 plankton samples collected during the Da n m ar k-Exped Mr A LuNDAGER mav be grouped in the following The i on by ti categories : in the open ocean east of the Greenland on the way out in 1906 and homeward in 1908 Like Dr Ostenfeld, who has worked out the Diatoms and Flagellates, I think these samples are of no special interest All of them have been taken in July August, and on the way home they were collected with so small intervals that it has been quite sufficient to examine only a selected number of them Samples collected in the drifting ice (pack-ice) off East Greenland in August 1906 as the "Danmark" went in to the Greenland Samples collected ice — coast, and when it was homeward bound On the way many samples were collected, until 12 in a day and a in July 1908 out a great night, and the course very curved them quite like each other certain number of them has been thoroughly as the speed w^as moderate and they are very close together and Therefore, only a many of investigated Samples collected August 1906 and July 1908 near the in coast of East-Greenland, from off to ca Koldewey Island (ca 76° 30' N Lat.) 78° N Lat., thus in the coastal water Samples collected at 76° 46' N Lat., 18° 43' in Danmarks Havn (Denmark W Long., where the harbour), expedition stayed about two years, from August 1906 till July 1908 Unfortunately these samples were not taken with regular intervals but rather about a dozen of samples from the summer 1907, and in 1908 samples were collected on July 21** when "Danmark" left the harbour occasionally In the : there is following pages a list is given of all the Peridiniales found in these samples, and some of the species are accompanied by figures and remarks A general description of the plankton will be giwen in a concluding paper by Dr Ostenfeld and the present author 23* Ove Paulsen 304 The following papers Greenland sea deal with the Peridiniales of the East- : ' the Swedish expedition to SpitzReport on the Plankton collected (K Svenska Vet Akad Handl ;i2, 1899) Paulsen, Ove: Plankton investigations in the Avaters round Iceland in 1903 (Meddel, Ser Plankton Bd I No 1904) {Cited as: fra Kommis, for Havundersøg Cleve, p T bergen : in 1898 Plankton invest Iceland Broch, Hj.: Plankton tables 1903) In Damas et Koefoed: Le plankton de la mer du Grön(Duc d'Orléans: Croisière océanographique accomplie A bord de la Belgica land dans la mer du Grönland 1905) Bruxelles 1909 Paulsen, Ove: Plankton investigations in the waters round Iceland and in the North Atlantic in 1904 (Meddel, fra Kommis, for Havundersøg Ser Pankton Bd I No 8) 1909 Broch, Hjalmar: Das Plankton (Zoologische Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Expedition nach Spitzbergen 1908 Teil I, 2) (K Svenska Vet Akad Handl 4), No 1910)' (Cited as: Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton Yet, for easy reference, b}' each species the following paper Paulsen, Ove: XVIII) (Nordisches Peridiniales Plankton, herausgeg v is cited: Brandt Apstein u Kiel 1908 Dinophysis Ehrenberg Dinophysis norvegica Claparède & Lachmann, Mém inst, Paulsen Nord Plankton, p 407, tab XX, fig 19 — plankton Broch Spitzbergen 12 fig 11 1910, p 31, lig 1, I 14, p Clap Lachm plur., non D acuta auct and Single specimens, agreeing with var crassior, Paulsen also with Brochs drawing, were found in the outer part of the packice and in the open sea nat Genév 1859, Distrib Seems to be a neritie and l)oreal but hardly arctic species Dinophysis arctica Mereschkowsky, Archiv f mikroskop Paulsen Nord Plankton Anatomie 1879, p 177, tab XI, fig 19 Spitzbergen plankton p 81, fig 1, fig Broch 14 (a bad figure), p 15, D granulata Cleve II & auct plur Broch (1 .) says that this species bears fine and distant poroids on the surface while D norvegica is coarsely areolated My annexed fig shows that this is not always the case, this specimen (and many others) being very coarsely areolated Besides, have often found cells of this species provided with small protuberances at the ^ In this paper which appeared as I had finished the examination of the plankton samples, Bütschli's theory on the intercalary striae as growth-marks is shown to hold good, the growth of the différent species is studied in detail, and the arrangement of their plates is expressed in formulae It will realh^ be an adBroch vantage if the plate-arrangement proves to be so constant as supposed ' — A lack in Broch's paper is that he gives no measures of the organisms, confines himself to criticise those given tioned in the folloving by me His paper will he be often men- Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea 305 lower end (see the drawing), like those of D acuminata Newertheless I think it wonld be premature to unite these two species Ü arctlca having a much shorter and broader form Jör- GENSEN (Bergens Museums Aarbog 1900, No Ill, p 19) Length the species D acuminata var granulata samples from found in several was arctica D 42« 3ß mostly few it, sea outside open the the pack-ice and specimens, and as single ones in the coast water and in Danmarks Havn Di st ib Arctic species names — — Fig Dino- physis arctica 375 t m Dinophysis rotundata Claparède & Lachmann Mém inst, Genevois 1859, p 409, tab XX, fig 16; Paulsen Nord Plankton nat p 18 17, fig with a very coarsely areolated wall and broad intercalary band The epitheca is relatively large, and oblique This cell, w^hose length was 60//, is supposed Other cells with finer areolated to be an old one surfaces were 40 — 52 /i long From this it may be seen that the arctic specimens are somewhat bigger than those from southern waters, whose length was given by Bergh and in Nordisches Plankton by me Fig represents a cell as 48// Dinophysis rotundata ;57) t m Fig '2 Dinophysis rotundata was found very sparingly both in the coastal water, the pack-ice and outside it Distrib lioreal oceanic species, widely distributed and its tributaries in tlie northern At- lantic Gonyaulax Diesing Gonyaulax triacantha bog 1899, No VI, A p 35 Jørgensen, Bergens Museums AarPaulsen Nord Plankton p 28 specimen was found in a sample from the pack-ice (1906) but a great many in a sample from Danmarks Havn in September 1907 (Water 0°) D strit) Arctic ncritic species, known from Alaska, Iceland, West coast single i of Norway In the North Sea very rare Gonyaulax In some samples from the packorganism represen3 was found Length 20 — 24// ice (1906) the little ted in fig sp \-^^ ^ Fig ;{ Gonyaulax sp 37.") t m have not succeeded in finding out its plates In some cases the was covered by a great-meshed reticulation of a simijar kind as that figured by Klebs in Botanische Zeitung 1884 fig for Glenodinium trochoideum (now Peridinium trochoideum (Stein) LemI surface — mermann) — Ove Paulsen 306 Ooniodoma Goniodoma Ostenfeldii 2; Nord 1903, p 20, flg Plankton 32, fig p Found and the open D i strib in Plankton invest Iceland 43; Broch Spitzbergen Paulsen, Plankton specimens in single Stein p 34, fig Danmarks Havn, the coastal water, sea Arctic, neritic si)ecies, known from North-Iceland and Spitz- bergen Peridinium Ehrenberg Of late years difTerent methods of shortly designating the plates composing the skeleton of Peridinium have been proposed The first was that of Faure-Fremiet, whose paper "Etude descriptive des péridiniens et des infusoires ciliés du plankton de la baie de la Hougue" was published in 1908 in Annales des sc naturelles, zoologie FauréFremiet designates the plates by letters with annexed numbers, so e g the precingulars are to the left, dg to the named d^ d^ being to the right, d^, and so on right This method seems to me not to be practical Next to Faure-Fremiet comes Kofoid, the well-known tor of the Dinoflagellates sen, His paper "On Peridinium with a note on the nomenclature of the skeleton of the Peridi- nidae" was published in 1909 in Archiv für Protistenkunde employs ished by to investiga- Steini Jørgen- the 16 Kofoid only numerals, the different series of plates being distingudifferent numbers numerals precingulars 1" So, — 7", the of apostrophes or other signs annexed apicals postcingulars are "— 1'— 4', intercalaries 5'", antapicals 1"" 1" — 2"" — 3°, Each on the left side of the body and goes round it to the This system is a clear one, but not very practical be- series begins right side cause of the apostrophes as to whose numbers mistakes are likely to arise ^ Broch in his paper on Spitzbergen plankton (1910) gives a new method of designating the plates He uses both numerals and letIn the same year the method was modified in "Die Periditers nium-Arten des Nordhafens (Val di Bora) bei Rovigno im Jahre 1909" Here, the apicals are named 1—4 and the (Arch f Protistenk 20) precingulars neighbouring From a— g, it being to the left, the table where rhomb-plate and a the precingular and both series go round the body to the has arranged previous nomenclatures it appears that he has not realized the difference between „tafeln" and „platten'- as these the present author who in might have been mentioned that ScHi'TTS „tafeln" represent transverse series of „plates" Only the intercalaries were not recognised as a series b}' SchTtt termini were used by Schutt and after him also Nord Plankton did use Schitts nomenclature Ijn' It Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea 307 The intercalaries neighbouring c, d and and s, which is more appropriate than in Kofoid's system where 3", 4" and 5" are neighbours to respectivety 1°, 2° and 3° and the postThe antapicals are named by Broch A and that to me cingulars I — V It seems if we here change letters to Roman numbers and vice versa we get a more practical mode of designation Then, the apicals will be 1—4 and the left (descending screw) e are named y, the antapicals a—g and I — the precingulars A — E postcingulars the we have Thus, II, along letters Diagram of plates of Peri- dinium both margins of the girdle and numerals at the top and method of denominating at the bottom Fig illustrates this Peridinium Cerasus Paulsen, Meddel Kommis, undersøgelser, Paulsen, Ser Nord Plankton, Plankton Schröder) Broch, Arch Fig represents a was found rather f p Bd 43, I, No fig 52 Protistenk 22 19Ü7, vix P p 12, for Hav- fig qiiarnerense 12; (Br 1910, p 183 specimen (36 /^ long) of P Cerasus which species rarely in a single sample from 5th 1907) I Danmarks Havn (Sept Broch is not right think in uniting this species with P quar- nerense, he does it because of the resemblance in the arrangement of ^ ijjỗ plates of the two species, taking 375 t m Peridinium Cerasus account of the inFig a reservation completeness of my figures of P Cerasus In any case, my figures are clearly showing that P Cerasus has a long and well marked apical horn, while P quarnerense has a short one, and just this horn is the characteristic of P Cerasus The dimensions of P quarnerense are unknown, so in this respect it cannot be compared with ' P '^ I Cerasus 13 i strib Ivnown trom tlie Nortli Sea and Iceland Peridinium roseum Paulsen, Plankton invest Iceland 1903, fig 9: Nord Plankton p 44, fig 53.— ? P ovalum FauréFremiet, Ann sc nat zool sér 1908, p 218, fig 5, tab XV, fig 6, non Pouchet Found in several samples from the pack-ice and Danmarks Havn, mostly in rather few specimens I^istritj I^oreal-neritic and arctic species, known from Norway and p 23, Iceland Ove Paulsen 308 Peridinium ovatum Exp 1895 tab XVI, p 44, fig 54 fig 49, (Poucliet) Schutt, Die Perid d Plankton 1896 fig Paulsen 19 Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton Fauré-Freniiet 1908 p 219, tab XV, fig p 40, — Nord Plankton fig — 10, non Protoperidinium ovatum Pouchet Journ Anat Physiol 1883 p 35, tab 18—19, fig 13 Peridinium lenticulatum Fauré-Fremiet, Ann sc nat zool sér 1908, p 217, fig 4, tab XV, fig Occurred in single specimens in Danmarks Havn and in the Rather common in the outer part of the pack-ice coastal water but common in the open sea outside it D and i Horeal oceanic strib si)ecies, widely distributed in the Atlantic its tributaries Peridinium curvipes Ostenfeld, Botany of the Faeroes Broch, 1906 p 15, fig 128 Paulsen Nord Plankton p 45, fig 55.— 13 Spitzbergen Plankton p 42, fig 11 10 in '? The cells been considered by D annexed represented in the me as P curvipes ^—'—-^ £ Fig -~ lig although -^ are such as have its form broader is p Peridinium curinpes 'i.'iO m t and shorter than the original figure published by Ostenfeld But those figured by Broch are different Unfortunately Broch gives no figure of his species in ventral view (nor measures), but from his figures of epitheca and hypotheca it appears that the plates of his "P curvipes" Thus Broch has and are the rhombplate arranged otherwise than (1) in mine small, and the plates oblique, and f not touch shows that the rhomb-plate is not oblique and that and b, and f meet along vertical lines The intercalary is long as in P pellucidum and P islandicum From this difTerence it follows that Broch and the present author have had 1, b, each other different a touch each other in a point, My species fig before us Which is the true P curvipes:^ From — Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea Ostenfelds figure original (1 c.) we 309 learn that the rhomb-plate is not oblique and that it apparently does touch nor b nor f As to An attempt to find the d, Ostenfeld's figure gives no evidence specimens was without result But as the form of the is the most conspicuous difference between Broch's and specimens I venture to maintain that Broch has not had P ciirmy vipes before him He says his species is in habit very like P ovatiim, original rhomb-plate and this statement as well as his calarstreifen" call 13 representing "P curvipes(^) fig mit ausserordentlich stark entwickelten Interto mind P decipiens Jørgensen, which, however, Ein Individuum has no spines was found in many samples from the pack-ice, the coastal water, and Danmarks Havn, as a rule in few specimens P ciirvipes but in larger quantities in samples collected in the pack-ice only, in August 1906 Distrib ArcticC.'! neritic species, 11 Peridinium breve Paulsen, Meddel, undersøg p 46, flg Jørgensen Bd 1, No Plankton, Bd Ser 56; /" 3, Fig breuis, shows four 4, fig is its a— c, Iceland, Kommis, fra 1907, p 13; Nord p 47, fig Kom Havund., for HavPlankton 21 P Ser Steinii Plankton f Peridinium breve 375 t m which is indeed difficult Steinii Jørg., and P pyriforme Pauls thick and thick-walled, and the inter cells of this species, relatives P has grown very old, calary bands are D No Meddel Paulsen, 1905, p discern from A 1, Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton Fig to known from W.-Greenland, Faeroes, and the Nortli Sea tlie broad a small form, 40// long Length 56 /i, surface finely reticulated ' 310 This species was found Paulsen sparingly samples from the few in pack-ice and the coastal water Dis tri b Arctic species, known from Peridinium pyriforme Paulsen, Meddel, 12 Havundersøg Plankton p 46, fig 57 Paulsen, Meddel Kom Havund Ser Plankton, Nord Fig shows samples the Bd P 1, No Plankton Bd 13, p Jørgensen Steinii Ser 1907, 5, Kommis, fra 15; pyrỵformis f No 1, for fig 1905, in some 3d— e p 4, fig of Spitzbergen and Iceland a which was species taken in common fairly open water outAugust 1908 side the pack-ice, and which I cannot refer to any other species than P pyriforme Length 42— 52/^ It differs from P breve by the taller form, the irregular in position which the intercalary the of P in breve is à, regular .) and in the very narrow rhomb-plate, but, as stated above, these two species are (Broch pj closely allied to each other On D W\/ Fig "' " E 37> Peridinium pijrifonuc the other hand, our spe- cies is nearly related to P Steinii t m Jørgensen As ment of the plates (see fig.8D, E) to the arrange- they are nearly identical, so the precingular a is small, the rhombhas an oblique position (Kofoid in plate] narrow, and the intercalary Spitzbergen Plankton p 49, Taf Broch, Arch f Protistenk 1909, 2; Broch in Arch P Steinii in f Protistenk 1910, much its fig 4) Our wall being reticulate and not porulate as in P (Spitzb PI., 49): p species differs from thicker and shorter form and in the thecal "ein näheres Studium Steinii Broch von Peridinium says pyri- forme wird möglicherweise zeigen, dass die Individuen dieser Art nur kräftig entwickelte Exemplare von Peridinium Steini sind." On the other hand, Kofoid (1 p 39) declares P pyriforme not to be identical with P Steinii me be the best to keep the two species distinct at any rate provisionally until further evidences may come Anyhow, it seems to to to hand Distrib and its Boreal oceanic species, tributaries known from the northern Athmtic Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Peridinium pallidum Ostenfeld, 13 in Sea 311 Knudsen & Ostenfeld: Iagttag, over Overfladevandets Temperatur, Saltholdighed og Plankton paa islandske og grønlandske Skibsrouter i 1898 (1899), p 60 Paulsen, Nord Plankton p 45, fig p 48, tig 60 low shows an exceptionally Fig spines) with broad intercalary bands Fig f is in not as shown Common Broch, 61; 375 Found t in m few specimens but open sea outside the sjiecies, fig 45; ice widely distributed pellucidum (Bergh) Plankton-Exp., tab XIV, fig without // between and (length 56 relation the pack-ice, the coastal water, and Danin the Distrib Oceanic, boreal Atlantic and its trit)utaries Peridinium cell The Peridinium pallidum in Broch's figure many samples from marks Havn 14 Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton 17 Schutt, Paulsen, Spitzbergen Plankton, p 44, peridiniiim pellucidum Bergh, Morphol Jahrb in tlie Die northern der Perid Nord Plankton p 49, — Proto- fig 15, 16 — 48 1881, p 227, fig 46- belong to the forma spinosa Broch (1 c) the antapical spines being without fins Only a single cell with fins was seen (from Danmarks the cells seen All two specimens are drawn A and represent a young cell Havn) In 10 fig ' (length 36«) having thin walls, and the sutures are not conspicuous treatment without D —E chemical are showing another cell (length 40^) thickwalled and with broad inter- calary bands sented in fig The 11 cell repre- has a length Peridiniiim pellucidum ;57.") t m and the intercalary striae are very broad Such big and thick specimens were common in some of the samples, and refer them to P pellucidum because of the girdle being not oblique as in P pallidum Other lengthof 60 //, — Ove Paulsen 312 measures of the this species: commonest 38, 45, 48, 52, 56, was P pellucidiim 66 /;f Dinoflagellate in the samples, occurred it Dan- in B^\ ^^ Fig 11 Peridiniiim pelliicidam 'M'y t m marks Havn, the coastal water, the pack-ice and and often frequently Distrib Widely distributed open in the neritic species, occurring from tlie sea, Medi- terranean to Spitzbergen and Greenland Peridinium islandicum Paulsen, Meddeh 15 Kommis, fra Havundersøg., Ser Plankton, Bd I, No 1, 1904, p 23, fig Nord Plankton, p 49-50, fig 62; Broch, Spitzbergen p 46, fig 18-20 The A single 7; f Paulsen Plankton, were rather flat, es they have been figured by Broch specimen measured was 44 fi long Icelandic specimens cells — 62 ju (Nord Plankton.) The species was fairly common in Danmarks Havn, the coastal water, and the pack-ice, but in the open sea it was found once only are 53 Distrib Arctic neritic species, bergen and Greenland 16 Peridinium varicans known from Nortb Iceland, Spitz- n sp (fig 12) Celhila epiiheca dims globoso acuta, - rhomboidea, hypotheca divergentes spinas f^varicantesj a fissura longitudinali remotas gerente et inter spinas tinea paulum et regulariter curvata terminante, cin- gulo transverso dextrorsum circumiente, fossa longitudinali marginem sinistram praedita Fig Peridinium varicans 12 «TTTi t m tercalari bulis 36 Hab rarissime in mare gelido prope ala Epitheca tabulis parvo, constructa lata ad augusta 14, hypotheca Long intacell oram orientatem Groen- land iae This species which was found in two samples from the coastal Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland 313 Sea water and the interior part of the pack-ice (July 31'^^ and Aug 15'i* 1906) is characterized by the following features: The cell is in ventral wiew rhombic, the epitheca is pointed {acutus) but not tapering {acuminatus), the hypotheca ends in two diverging fin-less spines which are distant from the longitudinal furrow The girdle forms a descending screw to the right Of the plates of the epiand s are bigger is small and almost quadratic whereas theca, and many-sided Peridinium brevipes Paulsen, Nord Plankton, 17 fig 151 fig 22 In 1908 cies Broch, (without description); published the I which had seen at Spitzbergen 108, p Plankton p 48, name and an outline-figure of this speBroch in his paper on Spitz- Iceland bergen Plankton gives detailed figures of the species, and these agree well with the annexed fig 13 Length 36 /i (different cells measured) The form of the body and the arrangement of the plates are seen in the drawings the plates, is rhomb-plate the dratic, As to small and quabeing broad and oblique does not touch but touches b along a vertical f The two small line lower end wanting cimens spines at the of the cell may be have seen onlj'^ spebroad intercalary but Broch has them I with bands, broader yet After his theory we have then old cells before us, but to this if me the case is gendstadium" of are much differ it seems Fig 13 that they cannot be "JuP breve, smaller from Peridinium brevipes 375 t m what Broch presumes The adult cells and also in form they seem to than P breve, P breve was not common in the samples, but it is very likely organism passes through the net-meshes It was found in several samples from Danmarks Havn but in few^ from the coastal water, the pack-ice and the open sea P brevipes that this small Distril) Arctic neritic species, known from Iceland and Spitzbergen Peridinium depressum Bailey, in Smithsonian contrib to knowledge VII, 1855, p 12, lig 33—34; Paulsen, Nord Plankton 18 p 53, fig 67 ; Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton p 51, fig 26 Pai'lsen 314 In all the specimens seen by me the antapical horns were long and hollow, so that, strange to tell, the arctic species P parallelum Broch was not found in the present material P depressum was found in single specimens only in the neighbourhood of the coast, repeatedly but rarely in the pack-ice and in the open sea D ist rib Peridinium oceanicum Vanhoffen, 19 sellsch für Plankton, fig 1897, tab V, II, Grönl.-Exp in fig Nyt Magaz Broch, f Naturvid Christiania, 44, open sea outside the as a single cell in the ist rib Havundersøg Plankton, p ice Oceanic boreal species Peridinium conicoides Paulsen, Meddel, 20 Ge- d Paulsen, Nord 2; p 54, fig 69 Found I) Erdk zu Berlin typicum var 1906 Boreal oceanic species, widely distributed Ser Plankton, Bd I, Nr 3, 1905, 3, Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton, 58, fig 75; Not rare in several samples from Kommis, fra p the coastal fig p 2; f Nord 53 water and the pack-ice in 1908 Distril) Arctic neritic species, known from Iceland, Spitzbergen and Greenland 21 A in Peridinium sp small species (length 20 /) represented in three samples from Danmarks Havn in 1907 young I was found 14 fig suppose it is a stage of the precee- ding species In favour of this conception speeks: the whole form of the body, with convex outlines, the small hollow protuberances distant from each other, the orbicular girdle and the characteristic curvature of the E F left longitudinal furrow's On the other margin hand, the number and arrangement of the plates not permit to unite the two species at once There is only one intercalary plate, as illustrated in fig E, at least I have not been and e able to find any sutures to separate between y, Fig 14 22 Peridinium sp 750 t m Peridinium subinerme Paulsen, Plankton invest Iceland Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea 1903, p 24, fig bergen Plankton, One p (in p 60, 78; fig Broch, Spitz- 54, fig 28 commonest [species More rarely it occurred of the ice in 1906 water Nord Plankton, 10; 315 in the samples from the pack- Danmarks Havn, in the coastal 1909) and in the open sea Dis t rib Oceanic (?) arctic or boreal species, known from Greenland, Spitzbergen and (in spring) from tlie North Sea 23 fauna Peridinium catenatum J^evander, Acta et flora fennica, p 63, fig soc Iceland pro IX, 1894; Paulsen, Nord Plankton, 84 This species, represented in but in several samples from fig 15, was found rarely Danmarks Havn, the coastal water, and the pack-ice Distrib Neritic species, known from tbe inner part of the Limfjorden (DenmarlO, and West-Greenland Baltic, Fig 15 Peridi- Peridinium minusculum Pavillard, Flore pela- nium catenagique de l'étang de Thau, Montpellier 1905, p 57, tab 1, '""' 'J'^t.m fig (I have seen Pavillards specimens); Lemmermann, Arch 24 — f Planktonkunde, V, 1910, p 336; Paulsen, Plankton invest Iceland 1903 (1904), p Hydrobiol Plankton, u Glenodinium 21, fig bipes 3—4; Nord p 25, fig 31 Lemmermann (1 c.) in pointing out that Glenodinium trochoideum in a footnote that also G bipes is a Peridinium Peridinium says a and that it is to be named P minusculum (P bipes it cannot be is named because another species, very likely that the species is of Stein, bears that name.) a Peridinium I It is have seen that it has two antapicals P minusculum was found, always in single specimens, in several samples from Danmarks Havn, the coast water, and the pack-ice Without doubt most of the cells pass through the net-meshes Distrib Neritic species, Sea, the Baltic, Iceland, known from the Mediterranean, the North and Greenland Ceratium Schrank 25 of atl Ceratium arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve, Plankton-org., Gøteborg 1900, p 207 The seasonal distrib Paulsen, Nord Plankton, Jørgensen, Die Ceratien, Leipzig 1911, p 85, fig 181 Peridinium arcticum Ehrenberg, Bericht ül) Verhandl d Berliner Akad d Wiss 1853, p 528 p 86, fig 118; E Ove Paulsen 316 This species of which some 16 gives fig outline-figures, was very common in Aug 1908 in the sea outside the ice In and the coastal 1908 it was scarce pack-ice the water in though found in several samples In Danmarks Havn and in the pack-ice and the coastal water in 1906—07 it was rare and occurred always as dead specimens Distrib Arctic oceanic speFig 16 Ccratium arcticum, different cells 94 t m Apodiniiim Chatton Apodinium(?) Chaetoceratis n sp Cellulae globosae niicleiferae membrana cellulosoidea 26 setas Chaetoceratis borealis appendicula adharentes et perforantes: parasitiis igitur plasma mare Dr lates of Long Ostenfeld who has worked out my ca cell 13 Divisionibus — 25 Hab ad oram orientalem Groenlandiae gelido the ad ejus hospitis exbaiiriens cellulae binae et qiiaternae nascuntiir in tectae, membranam present samples before I the Diatoms and Flagel- them got for investigation, organism which he had examined believing it was a Diatom But as the wall ga^e cellulose-reaction with chloriodide of zinc and as it w^as without silicium he saw it would be nearer a Dinoflagellate than a Diatom, and he gave me his drawings and notes Once only I have found a cell of Apodiniiim Chaetoceratis upon an awn of Chaetoceras decipiens, all other specimens seen were Whether this is because the fixed on the awns of Ch boréale awns of Ch boréale are set with fine hairs I cannot tell with certainty, I have never seen the cells spit upon the hairs or otherwise fixed to them But it seems likely that awns set with setae atïord better chance for fastening than smooth ones How the cell is fixed to the awn is difficult to discern Fig 17, and D show a little process by aid of which the cell is fixed In other cases it seems called attention to this two processes Fig F shows a cell made pellucid by aid of Eau de Javelle, and on both sides of the awn is seen a that there are thickening not belonging to the awn (drawed by Ostenfeld) shows tw^ but cells to in the Apodinium a Fig mucilage which I is Marine Plankton from the East-Greenland Sea awn, such a thing not belong to Apodinium fixed to the The wall awn of the distinctly seen is I have not seen, and perhaps perforated In fig this hole the contents Through 317 G it does the perforation is of the Chaeioceras- -ir Apodinium(':>) jChaetoceratis Fig 17 E, F, G 7.")0 t m H, I ')00 t m 125 t m D ;575 t m were drawn by Dr Ostenfeld.) (See the text) A, C, (Fig ,, H, I — and all the C/iae/oceras-cells seen bearing must be sucked out, an Apodinium were empty, see fig A, B, C The contents of the Apodinium-ceW consists of a granular plasma cell and a rather big nucleus (fig C, E) XLIII The which often is seen to have been divided divisions must follow speedily after each other, as 24 OvK Paulsen 318 two or four The cells are often seen cell-wall is rather thick, in a three-fold outline E); (fig lo be together and again dividing some cases I have been able to see is very thin and in- the outmost layer by treatment with chloriodide of zinc conspicuous, but not with Eau de Janelle (a mucilage?) The wall it disappears itself is co- by chloriodide of zinc In spite of eager research it has not been possible to find other stages of this organism than those here mentioned and figured brownish loured violet The systematic position of this species, imperfectly known must of course be uncertain I refer it with some doubt genus Apodiniiim Chatton (Comptes rendus Ac sc Paris 144 is, p 283, with figures it the 1907, Se also: ibid 143, Chatton: Les Blastodinides, ordre nouveau des Dinoflagellés parasites.) described and figured as to b}' Chatton The other Blastodinidae are far from being like our spe- Apodinium mycetoides, a parasite upon Appendicalaria, shows some features which call to mind A Chaetoceratis A myceGrowing up and toides is fixed upon the host by a long stalk but cies, it has at first some resemblance to our species, being twoand of about the same form, but it is only partly filled by plasma, a great "lacune aqueuse" taking most of the room in the two cells Later on the distal cell ("blastocyte") divides again forming many spores which again divide, and so a lot of small Gymnodinium-Vike spores are formed The proximal blastocyte after a rest divides, and the new distal cell forms a new^ generation of dividing celled spores, as described above Of all this I As a whole have found no trace by Apodimu.mf?J Chaetoceratis this species 14-3—1911 may be called rather dubious  ... found Paulsen sparingly samples from the few in pack-ice and the coastal water Dis tri b Arctic species, known from Peridinium pyriforme Paulsen, Meddel, 12 Havundersøg Plankton p 46, fig 57 Paulsen, ... 30' N LAT.) COLLECTED DURING THE '^DANMARK EXPEDITION HI ' (1906—1908) PERIDINIALES BY OVE PAULSEN 1910 XLIII 23 plankton samples collected during the Da n m ar k-Exped Mr A LuNDAGER mav be grouped... Teil I, 2) (K Svenska Vet Akad Handl 4), No 1910) ' (Cited as: Broch, Spitzbergen Plankton Yet, for easy reference, b}' each species the following paper Paulsen, Ove: XVIII) (Nordisches Peridiniales