Catalogue of the fossil Mammalia V03, Lydekker 1887

CATALOGUE OP IHE FOSSIL MAMMALIA Df THE BRITISH MUSEUM, (IfATUEAL HISTOBT) CBOMWELI, BOAD, PART 8.W III CONTAINING UNGULATA, Sttbobdebs PERISSODACTYLA, TOXODONTIA, CONDYLAETHEA, aitd AMBLYPODA The Obdek RICHARD LYDEKBLER, B.A., F.G.S., etc LONDON: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES 1886 ^^ PBnrrEi) bt tatlob and francts, BID LION COUBT, FLEET 8TBSBT ; PREFACE The present Part of Mr Lydekker's Catalogue completes the Order Ungflata, with the exception of a single group, the Pkoboscidea This comprises so large a series of specimens that sidered desirable to reserve Only four species in Part III., found many namely Tapirus americanus, Equus Rh the remaining 78 species being has been con- the next Part it for cdballus, Rhinoceros sondiacus, it unicornis, are at present existing all extinct of the most ancient members Amongst these will be of the Order, such as Lophiodon, Hyracoihenum, Pachynolophiis, Palceotherium, Anchirlophus, Coryphodon, Tinoceras, Dinoceras, Hyracodon, Gadurco- therium, all of which appear in the Eocene formation Rhinoceros is the only genus recorded in the Catalogue which has persisted on from the Eocene to the present time Many ancestral forms of the Horse, Tapir, and Rhinoceros will be found recorded in this Part of the Catalogue HENRY WOODWARD British Museum (Natural History), Department of Geology, April 6, 1886 INTEODUCTION As the present Part does not any addition to the intro- call for ductory observations published in the two preceding Parts, I have only to again express my thanks the Director of the Geological Survey of India for the loan of woodcuts to ; and to offer and E D Cope, Professors A Gaudry, C Marsh, the same for per- mission to reproduce some of the beautiful woodcuts illustrating their respective works My obHgations to Mr "W Davies are as great in this as in the preceding Parts The Grualteris Collection, consisting of specimens from the Pleis- tocene of Italy, and originally belonging to Cardinal Gualteris, was purchased previous to 1836 The Sharp Collection was purchased in 1876 from Mr S Sharp, of Dallington, Northampton RICHAED LYDEKKER Harpenden, 5th 'April, 1886 SYSTEMATIC INDEX [Existing species are denoted by an asterisk.] Page Order UNGULATA Suborder PEBISSODAC T TLA FamHy TAPIRID^ * Family Tapirus arvernensis elegans prisons americanus sinensis LOPHIODONTID^ Lophiodon tapiroides isselensis parisiensis sp minimus 10 Hyracotherium leporinum 10 cuniculus 12 angustidens 12 Pacbynolophus isselanus Family 13 prevosti 14 siderolithicus 14 cervulus 15 PAL^OTHERIID^ Palseotherium medium magnum 15 16 20 BTSTmCATIC XNDBZ FamUy PAL^OTHERIID^ (continued) Page Palaeotherium crassum 25 latum 31 curtum 32 javali 33 annectans 34 minus 38 43 Anchilophus radegundensis 43 desmaresti 45 Anchitherium aureKanense 49 bairdi Family EQUIDJE 49 • ffigpaiixai gracile 51 antilopinum 59 richthofeni 64 theobaldi 64 Equus * 66 stenonis 69 namadicus 71 caballus 73 curvidens 88 sp 89 a Undetermined specimens Family 66 principalis sivalensis RHINOCEEOTIDjE • 89 90 Rhinoceros antiquitatis 92 platyrhinus 99 leptorhinus 101 megarhinus 114 etruscuB 119 pachygnathus 123 karnuliensis 183 schleiermacheri 124 H SYSTEMATIC HTDEX Family RHINOCEROTID^ (continued) Page Rhinoceros sondaicus * 129 sivalensis 130 palseindicns 132 unicornis 138 minutus 139 croizeti 142 occidentalis 143 cimogorrhensis 144 incisivns 145 goldfussi 150 lemanensis 152 blanfordi 154 perimensis 155 a 157 sp 158 sp 183 sp c Hyracodon nebraseensis 159 Cadurcotherium cayluxense Homalodontothprium cunninghami Elasmotherium sibiricum Family CHALICOTHERIID^ Chalieotherium goldfussi Family 160 161 161 162 164 sinense 165 MACRAUCHENIID^ 166 TOXODONTIA Family sivalense Macrauchenia patachonica Suborder 159 TOXODONTID^ 166 167 167 Nesodon ovinus 168 Toxodon 168 platensis BTBTBSTATIC IKDRX Page Family TYPOTHERIID-ffi 170 Typotherium cristatum Suborder CONDYLARTHBA Family ^xi\ioxd.eT 171 172 PERIPTYCHID^ 172 Periptychus rhabdodon 174 Haploconus iineatus 175 AMBLYPODA 175 CoEYPHODONTi A FamUy CORYPHODONTID^ 176 Section 176 Coryphodon eocaenus 178 « Section Dinocekata Family 179 UINTATHERIIDiE 179 Tinoceras ingens 181 longiceps Dinoceras laticeps mirabile 181 182 182 172 TTSQITLkTA CONDYLARTHRA Suborder The primitive mammals forming by Cope this Suborder are grouped with the Hyracoidea and perhaps the Toxodontia in a division termed Taxeopoda, which is characterized by the scaphoid of the carjras being supported by the trapezoid and not by the ' magnum, the latter supporting the lunar ; in the tarsus the cuboid with the calcaneum only articulates proximally The component bones of both the carpus and tarsus mutually interlock only to a very slight extent ; and the whole structure of these parts is the simplest The present Suborder is charac- type obtaining in the Ungulata, terized by a bunodont or (in the higher forms) a lophodont type of cheek-dentition, the characters of which foreshadow those of both the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla there are usually five digits to both : the pes and manus, the terminal phalangeals being acuminate ; the humerus has an ectepicond3lar foramen, the astragalus a uniformly convex distal articular surface, the femur a third trochanter, and there are no fibular facettes on either the astragalus or the calcaneum The skeleton of the type genus of the family Phenacodontidce in the accompanying woodcut is figured 23) ; and apparently indicates a primitive form allied to Hyracotherium PERIPTYCHIDtE Family The dentition is (fig bunodont the digits five on each foot and the premolars are simple ; ; ; the astragalus has no trochlea Genus PERIPTYCHUS, Syn, Catathl