< o CO "'NOlin ,SNI_NVIN0SHiltMs'^S3ldVyan ~ LlBRARIEs'^SMITHSONlAN^INSTITUTION — \ ^ \ ^ lES ^ ^ 2-1 SMITHSONIAN 00 to /^w\ ^ /^^\ — Z INSTITUTION ^^ - /^rf^\ - _J NVINOSHimS NQIiniliSNI -I S3iyvyan LI BR, o > ^ to to rn m Xi2ilS!i>^ ' _ to ± \ £ NviNOSHims SNi S3ibvyan libraries CO Smithsonian institution Noiir CO CO Z Z V (A» £/) / CO z (o lES SMITHSONIAN ^ SNI r; NViNOSHims V » (/) INSTITUTION ' i NVIN0SHimS^S3liJVHan libraries SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOUniilSN i^iiii^ i c SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION _J NOIinillSNI NVINOSHimS S3iavaan LIBRARIE: sov7; Q PORT CITY PRESS, INC BALTIMORE, MD., U S A ADVERTISEMENT The Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections series contains, since the suspension in 1916 of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, all the publications issued directly by the Institution except the nual Report and occasional publications of a special nature name of the series implies, its scope is As Anthe not limited, and the volumes Papers in and astrophysics have thus far issued relate to nearly every branch of science the fields of biology, geology, anthropology, predominated Leonard Carmichael, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution (iii) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 141 (WHOLE VOLUME) THE BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES (With 37 Plates) By LOUIS M ROTH AND EDWIN R WILLIS Pioneering Research Division, United States Army Quartermaster Research and Engineering- Center Natick, Mass (Publication 4422) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER 2, 1960 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 464 VOL I4I Polystichmn aristaimn, 163 Protomagalhaesia serpentnla, 168, 184 Polyzosteria analis, 13 Protoinonadina, 166 Protospiriira bonnci, 206 limbata, 13, 67 melanaria, 13, Columbiana, 206 306 Pomarrosa, 160 niuricola, 191, 206, Protozoa, Pompilidae, 256 Pompilus bracatiis, Protrclleta floridana, 199 Protrcllina, 199 aurifluus, 199 Ponies, pit (mine), 16, anstralasiae, 199 23 galebi, 199 diversifolia, 152 kUnckeli, 199 euphratica, 47, 152 sp., manni, 200 152 phyllodromi, 200 Poroblatta nigra, 11 spp., Protrelloidcs paradoxa, 200 67 Potamotrygon Jiuniboldti, 268 Protrellus aureus, 199 hystrix, 268 aurifluus, 199 Potamotrygontidae, 268 australasiae, 199 Potato, 165 galebi, 199 Potto, 284 kUnckeli, 199 Poultry, 276-278, 353 Prairie dog, 24 manni, 200 phyllodromi, 200 Predation, interspecies, 92, 319-322 13, 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 104 Predatism, 91-95 Predators, 91, 96, 319 defense against, 343-348 eisenbergii, 105 fluorescens, 105 Pseudomopinae, of cockroach eggs, 234 Pseudomops Prey, experimental, 60, 230, cincta, 13, 231 319 laticornis, 13, 145 natural, septentrionalis, 13, 67, 162 Primates, 283 Pscudoplioraspis nebtdosa, Pritchardia, 64, 163 Privies (latrines), cockroaches in, 74, 80, 81, 178, 340 Procyonidae, 288 litula, Pseudoderopeltis aethiopica, Pseudomonadaceae, 104 intraspecies, 92, 322-324 Prodenia 284 101-103, 166-190 cultured in vitro, 170, 178, 179, 188 256 256 Ponerinae, 314 Pongidae, 286 sp., Populus 2, 92, 328 Psocoptera, 318 Pteridophyta, 139 Pteromalidae, 247 320 Prolabia, 339 Prolophomonas tocopola, 173 Prosevania punctata, 240-242, 254-255, Pteromahis sp., 247, 248 Pterygosomidae, 219 Pycnosceloidcs aporiis, 351 pi 33 Prosoplecta, 348 ; Prosthenorchis elegans, 203, 283, 285, 286, 288-290 spirilla, 203, 283, 286, 13, 81, Pseudosaccharomycetaceae, 129 Psiditmi guajava, 67, 160 12, 58 Pycnoscelus niger, 13, 22 striatus, 13, 22 surinamensis, 288-290 2, 13, 22, 25, 67-68, 70, 71, 81, 87, 90, 100, 138, 139, 142-146, 151, 152, 155-157, 161- Proteus mirabilis, 114 morganii, 114 165, 191, 212, 229, 259, 279, 280, rettgeri, 114 282, 306-307, 324, 330, 333, 335, spp., 338, 341-343, 350, 353; Pl- 24 114 vulgaris, 114 Pyrus sp., 62 465 INDEX Rhisoglyphus tarsabts, 218 Rliicophora mangle, 36, i59 Quail, Japanese, 277 Quercus alba, 152 Rhizophoracea, 159 piibescens, 38 Rhisopus nigricans, 133 rubra, 152 133 sp., spp., 153 opimus, 24 Rhombomys znrginiatia, 152 Rhynchonympha, 102 Quinones, 347 175 torc^a, 174, Rana catcsbeiana, 271 mascareniensis, 271 pipiens, 271, 345 Ranatra 4, 287 kangaroo, 23, 26 Rats, Riboflavin, loi Rictularia coloradcnsis, 192, 205 nitidioides, 231 wood, 23, 26 Rattus norvegicus, 287 ratlus, 287 sp., Rednvius christophi, 227 fcdtschenkianus, 227 boissyi, 231-232 denisi, sp., scutellaris, Ripiphoridae, 230 272-276, 353 of, 320 Roach (see cockroach) Robshelfordia circumdiicta, Reticulitennes sp., 317 Retortamonas blattae, 167, 168 orthopterortim, 169 307 167 Rodentia, 287 jRo.yo sp., 155 Rosaceae, ISS Rose, 155, 163-165 Roundworms, (see Helminths) Rhabditoidea, 192 Rhamdia sebae, 268 Roystonea rcgia, 143 Rhantus pacificus, 230 Rhicnoda natatrix, 13, 33 Riibiis spp., 155 sp., 13, longiuscula, 13, 307 Reptilia, 272-276 sp., 233 232 151 Repellents, 345-347 eggs 232 pectinicornis, 84, 232-233 sp., 3, 231 Ripidiini, biology of Australian, 231 Ripidius, 230 287 Reduviidae, 227 Reduviids, tindetermined, 227 Reptiles, 158 Riekella anstralis, 231 Norway, 287 Renealmia 13, 68, orientis, 13, 68, 158 Ranidae, 270 spp., 11 Rhythms, diurnal, 335 Rhytidomctopnm dissimile, i^jaffa fulgida, 13, i57 227 sp., Rhyparobia maderae, 146 Rhinopsis caniculatus, 257 Rhinotermitidae, 310 Rhipidioidcs ableptus, 230 adynatus, 230 fuscatus, 230 helenae, 230 mollis, 231 rubricatus, 231 Rhipidiiis, 230 Rhipiphoridae, 230 Rhizobiaceae, 106 Rubiaceae, 161 Rushes, 46 Rutaceae, 157 5'aba/ palmetto, 50 Saccharomyces sp., cerevisiae, 133 133 Saccharomycetaceae, 133 Saccharomycetes, 129 Saccharum officinaruni, 141-142 Saccinobacnlus, 102 ambloaxostylus, 170 doroaxosfylus, 170 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 466 Saccinohaciilus lata, — Continued, 170 minor, 170 undescribed 170 spp., Saimiri sciurea, 285 Salamander, 269 Salganea morio, 13, 334 VOL I4I Sarcophagidae, 229 Sarracenia flava, 154 minor, 154 purpurea, 154 variolaris, 154 Sarraceniaceae, 154 Sauria, 272 Salius verticalis, 256 Scale, diaspine, 237 Sceliphron caementarium, 248 Schistosoma haematobium, 208 S'alix sp., 152 Schistosomatidae, 208 Salicaceae, 152 Salientia, 270 Schizomycetes, 104 Salmonella anatis, 114 choleraesuis, 114 Schizophyta, 104 enteritidiis, Schwenkiella icemi, 200 114 Scincidae, 274 Scolopendra, 222 morbificans, 115 paratyphi, 115 schottmuelleri, 115 cingulata, 223 typhimurium, 116 morsitans, 223 typhosa, 117 subspinipes, 224 Salmonella (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type (Type sp., sp Adelaide), 115 Barellly), 115 Scolopendromorpha, 223 Bredeny), 115 Derby), 115 Kentucky), 115 Scorpionida, 211 Kottbus), 115 Meleagris), 116 Montevideo), 116 Newport), 116 3, 211, 349 Scorzonera acanthoclada, Scutigeromorpha, 222 Sea grape, 43, 69 Seaweed, 47, 55 Secretions, repellent, 35, 156 216, 225 Serpentes, 276 Serratia marcescens, 117-118; pi 16 Setaria verticillata, 142 Sarcina alba, 108 Seurocyrnea colini, 207 Severianoia magna, 200 aurantiaca, 108 lutea, 108 severianoi, 200 108-109 Sewers, cockroaches symbiotica, 108 in, 74, 332, 338 Shelf ordella tartara, Shigella alkalescens, 118 ventriculi, 108 Sarcodina, 176 229 6, Sedge, 66 Sapindaceae, 158 Sapotaceae, 160 omani, 229 pi sexual, 235 Samui, Steamship, 232 sternodontis, 229 ; maculata, 223 Panama), 116 Sarcophaga lamb ens, 162 forceps, 222 Rubislaw), 116 Tennessee), 116 65, Scutigera coleoptrata, 222-223 Scutigeridae, 222 Samanea saman, spp., Scorpionidae, 213 Scorpions, Oranienburg), 116 Salsola kali, 65 spp., 224 Scolopendridae, 223 dysenteriae, 118 2, 229 parody senteriae, 119 Ships, 82-84 cockroaches on, slave, 79, 86, 87 79, 82-87 31 INDEX Shrike, 281 467 Spirillum Sibylloblatta panesthoides, 13, 151 Sida, 64, 159, 163 and /3, 7, 105 sp., 105 Spirocerca sangninolcnta, 203 Spirochaeta blattae, 125 Sideroxylon joetidissimum, 63, 160 Silkworm, bacterium from, 126 blattarum, 125 "disease bacillus," 127 Simbleraslcs jamaicamis, a, periplaneticum, 105, 127 13, 69, 317, periplanetae, 125 stylopygae, 125 334 Spirochaetaceae, 125 Spirochaetales, 125 Simla jacchus, 285 Sinanthropes, 71, 81 Skinks, 274, 354 Spirochaetes, unidentified, 125 Snakes, 276 "Spirochaetoid bacteria," 127 Spirorbis pusillus, 14 Sodium 278 fluoride, Spirostomidae, 188 Solanaceae, 161 Solanum tuberosum, Spirotricha, 187 161 Solenopsis qeminala, 314 Solindenia picticornis, 246, 247 Sound, cockroach, 330 Sow bugs, 347 Spirura gastrophila, 207 Spiruridae, 205 Spiruroidea, 204 Spondias, 67 mombin, 158 Sparassidae, 215 purpurea, 158 Sparrow, 282 Sporozoa, 181 English, 282 Spruce, 44 Squirrel, ground, 23, 24, 26 Spartan, Ship, 84 Spartina marsh, 42 Stagmomantis Spelaeoblatta caeca, 14 Staphylococci, 107 gcstroi, 13, 22 Carolina, 225-226 Staphylococcus 107 albtis, Spermophilopsis Icptodactylus, 24 Staurojoeninidae, 174 Sphaerita, 189 Stegobium paniccum, 99 Sphaerodactyliis sp., Steinernematidae, 192 273 Sphagnum, 52 Stele opyga sinensis, 13, 307 Sphecidae, 264 Sphecophila polybiarum, ravana, 314 310-31 13, termitium, Stenainma andrei, 316 13, 13, 311 Sphodromantis biocnlata, 225 viridis, 225 Spicaria prasina, 130 Spiders, 3, 211, 214-216, 317, 318, 347, 349 pi 30 banana, 215 ; big, brown house, 215 bird-eating, 214 black widow, 216 button, 215 huntsman, 215 nests, 215-216 Spiniger domesticus, 227 Spirillochaeta blattae, 127 Stenobothrus vagans, 46 Stenophora sp., 181 Stenophoridae, 181 Sterculiaceae, 159 Stictolampra buqueti conciniila, Stigmatomyces sp., 129, 14, 33 138 Stilpnoblatta minuta, 316 Stipa lessingiana, 46 Strepsiptera, 234 Streptococcus jaecalis, 109 liquefaciens, microapoika, no no non-hemolyticus, pyogenes, spp., no no no Streptomyces leidynematis, 197 Streptomycetaceae, 124 124, 196, ; SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 468 Streptopelia chinensis, 278 Streptostomum VOL I4I Sysiellogaster ovivora, 248 Sysygium aromaticum, 160 gracile, 195 Strigidae, 279 Ssepligetella scricea, 242 Strigiformes, 279 Strongyloidea, 209 Tachinid, undetermined, 228 Sturnidae, 281 Tachysphex Stylogasler spp., 228 sty lata, 228 264 fanuiensis, 264 Stylopyga americana, 12 Styphon bakeri, blatticidiis, coriaceus, 264 lativalvis, 344 14, 69, 264-265 Taenia echinococcus, 208 saglnata, 208 Subiilura jacchi, 204 Subuluridae, 204 Taeniidae, 208 Sugarcane, 37-39, 45, 48, 64, 66-69, 141-142 51, 53-56, 58, Siiifuncma candelli, 200 Taenioidea, 208 Tamarind, 51 Tamarindus indica, Sulfur, flowers of, 222 Tapeworm, undetermined, 208 56 Sunfish, 269 Tarachodes tnaurus, 226 Sunflower, 67 Supella hottentotta, Tarantula, 214 Tarantula, 214 siipellectUimn, 29 14, 14, 69, 70, 71, yG, Tarsiidae, 284 82, 87, 89, 100, 115, 117, 142, 161, Tarsius, 284 165, 205, 216, 223, 232, 255, 307, Tartaroblatta karatavica, 327, 333, 335, 339, 342, 349-351 pis 25, 30, 31, sp., 34 14, 70 Ta^M novemcinctiim, 287 Taxodiaceae, 140 Tcgenaria, 214 90 Swift, edible-nest, 318 Teiidae, 275 Swiss chard, Temnopteryx, 134-135 153 47, Symbiosis, 25-26, 92 dcropeltiformis, 10 Symbius blattarum, 232 Symploce bicolor, 14, 82 obliqiietruncata, 14, 317 phalerata, 14, 307 platysoma, bilabiata, 14 curta, 14, 22 Temperature preference, 25, 71 Tenadores, Steamship Tenodera aridifolia sinensis, 226 flagcllata, 14, 69, 307 Termes breviramis, 14, 22 cavernicola, 14, 21, 22, 318, 333 hospes, 14, 82, 161, 339 jatimicana, 14, 69 sp., parenthesis, 14, 307 14, 22 riificollis, 14, 69, sp., 142, 161, 307 Termopsis Testudo 90 Syncephalastnim sp., blattae, glosshiae, 250 ischnopterae, 249 sp., 248 317 horsfieldi, Tetragenous 133 Synonyms, Syntomosphymm 311 Termites, 57, 69, 102, 310-311, 317, 320 comejen, 317 Termitidae, 311 14 remyi, 311 316 malaccensis, 311 kevani, 14, 29 lita, bellicosiis, flavipes, sp., 24 127 Tetralopha scabridella, 35, Tetrameres americana, 207 66, 67, pattersoni, 207 Tetrastichodes asthenogmus, 249 317 INDEX Tetrastichiis aitstralasiac, 249 hagenozmi, 94, 249-253, 255, 349- Tody, 279 Torula acidophila, 132 gropengicsscri, 132 351; Pl- 34 pcriplanctae, 253 sp., 469 rosea, 132 Tondopsis, 130 249, 254, 351 Toxoplasma Tetratrichomastix blattidarum, 170 Tcttix kraussi, 46 Trapping, Thallophyta, 129 Trecferns, 36, 42, 50, 56, 57, 139 Thecadactylns 273 Theganopteryx straminca, gondii, 190 53, 59-63 Trees (see under sp., 14, Thelastoma aligarhica, 200 brevicaudatwn, 194 bidhocsi, 201 hcterogamiae, 199 icemi, 200 30 common or scientific name) in general, 35-68 Trematoda, 208 Treponema parviun, 125 stylopygae, 125 Treponemataceae, 125 Triatoma arthurneivai, 227 Indiana, 194 magalhaesi, 194 Tribuhis pachyjidi, 200-201 palmettum, 201 Trichomaslic orthopterum, 169 Trichomastix, 169 panesthiae, 198 Trichomonadidae, 171 river oi, 201 Trichomonas hominis, 171 sp., 63, 156, 163, Thelastomatidae, 190, 193 orthopteronmi, i6g Thelaziidae, 204 sp., Thelyphonidae, 211 171 Trichonympha, 102 Thclyphonus giganteus, 211 acuta, 174 Theobroma c/5'oa, cacao, 159 Theraphosidae, 214 Thcrea nuptialis, 14, 174, 175 chula, 176 344 Theridiidae, 215 grandis, 176 /a to, 176 Thistle, 60 okolona, 175, 176 giant, 51 Thyrsoccra parva, 176 cincta, 13 Tiaris bicolor ornissa, 282 Tillandsia fasciadata, 144 Trichonymphidae, 174 Trichostrongylidae, 210 Trichostrongylus sp., 210 nsneoidcs, 144 Trichotarsus, 218 uttriculata, 50, 144 Trichuridae, 210 sp., 31, 36, Trichuris trichiura, 210 144 Timulla eriphyla, 264 Tjwa auslralica, 14, 316 brimnca, 30 14, /i/Zro, 14, 28, macracantha , 30 14, Trichuroidea, 210 Trigonopsis abdominaUs, 265 Trirhogma cacrulca, 262 sp., 23 obscura, 14, 30 sp., 165 23 264 Troglobies, 17, 20 Troglodytes aedon, 281 audax, 281 Toads, 270, 353 Tobacco, 165 Troglodytidae, 281 Tockiis birostris, 279 Trogloxenes, 16 Todidae, 279 Todus mcxicamis, 279 Tropidophorns grayi, 274 Trypanosomatidae, 167 Troglophiles, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23 — — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 470 Tulip tree, Continued poliomyelitis Lansing Turtle, desert, 24, 26 strain, 103 unspecified strains, 103 painted, 272 Typhloblatta caeca, 23 Typhloblattodcs madecassus, Tyrophagus Continued Viruses S3 Turkey, 278 VOL, I4I yellow-fever, 104 14, lintncri, 14, 23 218 Viverridae, 289 Vtdpes sp., 288 noxius, 218 Wasps, 91, 94 314, 318, 348 cockroach-egg parasites, 234-254, Urinympha, 102 talea, 174, 175 Urodacus novaehollandiae, 213 Uropoda sp., Water, balance, 72 drinking, 72 need for, 71 217 Uropodidae, 217 Vaccinium meridionale , Vanda, 151, 163 V eillonella 43, 160 parvida, 109 Vejovidae, 213 Veromessor andrei, 316 Vertebrata, 268-290 3, Water bug, 349 Wattle, 49 Web worm, 316 Weinmannia sp., 155 Whipscorpion, 211 Verbenaceae, 161 Vertebrates, 350, 352 cockroach-hunting, 255-266, 352 268 in biological control, 353-354 Vespa maculata, 318 Vespidae, 314 Vespiila maculata, 61, 318 Vibrio comma, 105 William Kieth, Steamship, 84 Willow, 47, 63, 152 Woodpeckers, 279-280 Wren, 281 Xerophiles, 25 Xestoblatta festae, Xylosma Deneke's, 105 14, 87 imniaciilata, 14, 23 suavcolcns, 159 Xysticus, 214 metschnikovii, 105 sp., 106 types I Yeasts, and II, 106 tyrogemis, 105 3, 127, 129, 132 Yellow-fever virus, 104 Yucca data, 54, 146 Vinca minor, 161 Vireonidae, 281 Zanthoxylnm caribaeiint, Zea m^iys, 142, 165 Viruses, 103-104 Zelotes, 314 Vireo latimeri, 281 Coxsackie, 103-104 encephalomyelitis, mouse, 104 poliomyelitis, 3, 103 Brunhilde type, 103 Columbia SK, 103 Zeuxevania splendidula, 350 Zingiberaceae, 151 Zootermopsis, 103 Zygophyllaceae, 156 66, 157 93, 243, 249, rr CO ± c/) NOIinillSNI NSTITUTION S3iyvyan LIBRARIES NVINOSHilkNS \ (/) SMITHSONIAI CO Z ;3iHvy9n — libraries CO Smithsonian ~ institution CO NoiiniiiSNi — NViNOSHiikN * (/) Z -I NviNOSHims NOIinillSNI NSTITUTION -I S3idvaaii * libraries smithsonia -^ m CO ;3iavdan libraries •^ CO Smithsonian ^ Z \x CO ;3idVHan -:, \ CO >> '" CO NOIinillSNI NSTITUTION CO :z > Z S Z CO SMITHSONIA (/J nvinoshiiw NoiiniiiSNi r- CO _ _ NVINOSHIIWS S3ldVyan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA CO z Z ^ ^ i'^i Biyvyan libraries r- NviNOSHim NoiiniusNi S3ldVyan — LIBRARIES libraries Smithsonian institution r- NSTITUTION S CO NVlNOSHimS NOIinillSNI NSTITUTION ^—-^ CO institution CO wiW z Smithsonian NOIinillSNI~'NVINOSHlll^S i CO NoiiniiiSNi NViNOSHim S3ldVaan LIBRARIES SMITHSONIA institution ri^ CO C/5 JTION c/) v^ ^ in ± £ NOIiniliSNI NVINOSHilWS S3ldVHan LIBRARIES z z ^ C/) c/J ' _ SMITHSONIAN c/> IN 2: ' > ^ _ »^Z(/5 libraries aen - (/) Z Smithsonian t/l *^ CO institution -^ ^ NoimiiiSNi (/J ^ ^ — nvinoshiiims v ^ s ^,.:^'^ jTiON^NoiiniiisNi~'NviNOSHims^S3 idvaaii'^LiBRARi es"^smithsonian~'in '" •" Z d ^ ^ ' > it :a aan _ CO _ t: libraries Smithsonian institution NoiiniiiSNi NViNOSHims s: c^ z , z « ^ ^, ^ (/> I/)