SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS V02

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME Cfjarle* NUMBER 151, B anb jWarp Vattx OTalcott STRINGOCEPHALUS IN THE DEVONIAN OF INDIANA (With Plates) By G ARTHUR COOPER U S National and THOMAS PHELAN Museum, Smithsonian Institution (Publication 4664) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MAY 23, 1966 PORT CITY PRESS, INC BALTIMORE, MD., U S A Cfjarles 3® anb Jfflarp "Faux Malcott &e£fearcf) Jfunb STRINGOCEPHALUS IN THE DEVONIAN OF INDIANA By G ARTHUR COOPER and THOMAS F PHELAN U S National Museum, Smithsonian Institution (With Plates) ABSTRACT The the brachiopod genus Stringocephalus first time This discovery is is reported in Indiana for of great importance as it places this important Devonian marker of the Givetian Stage in the Devonian The Indiana occurrence sequence of the eastern United States of below the Logansport Limestone, but overlies Silurian rocks Comparison of the fossils accompanying Stringocephalus in Indiana with those of other formations in the United States and Canada indicates a close correlation with the Rogers City Lime- Stringocephalus is stone of Michigan and the Winnipegosis Formation of Manitoba Correlation of Stringocephalus fauna in Indiana with that of Rogers City in Michigan indicates Stringocephalus in Indiana lies in the midst of the Cazenovia Stage of the Devonian One new species of Subrensselandia is described and the speci- mens of Stringocephalus are described and discussed INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of Devonian rocks in eastern United States the exact position of Stringocephalus has been a matter of speculation because no specimens have hitherto been found Stringocephalus large and leading fossil of the Givetian Stage of the Middle Devonian genus many is is a distinctive brachiopod that is generally regarded as the worldwide localities in in distribution and Europe and Asia Also reported but rare is well It is also This known or common in known from Australia in the Eifelian (Struve, 1961) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL 151, NO — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL 151 and north Africa and occurs more rarely in western United States and Alaska (Kirk, 1927) In western and northwestern Canada (Warren and Stelck, 1962 Crickmay, 1960) it is common in places and occurs through a fairly thick sequence of rocks It has, however, until now, not been seen in the United States east of the Great Basin Its report from Minnesota by Schuchert (1897, p 417; Stauffer, 1922, p 408) has never been authenticated Consequently, the discovery of this important brachiopod by the second author helps to bring some of the stratigraphic problems of the Devonian of eastern United States into better focus Some questions, however, are still left unanswered It further supports the contention (Cooper, in Cooper et al., ; 1942, p 1784) that the earliest occurrence of String acephalus in eastern United States is in the midst of the Cazenovia Stage In the winter of 1963 the second author reported to the U.S National large Museum brachiopod discovery in the Wabash from limestone hitherto Valley of Indiana of a classified as Onondaga by E M Kindle (1900) or Hamilton by Cooper and Warthin (1941) Although the first specimens submitted are mostly fragmentary and poorly preserved, they are unmistakably (Jeffersonville) They Stringocephalus inches long, and indicate a shell about inches wide, to inches thick The 2\ to pedicle valve has an enormous, long, duplex septum which might be mistaken for the Silurian genus Pentamerus, often common in rocks subjacent to those containing Stringocephalus in Indiana The brachial valve is provided with a long forked cardinal process A further discovery by the second author of the large brachiopod Subrensselandia in the same limestone that contains Stringocephalus adds additional information of great importance in the stratigraphy of the Devonian from the U.S W A Oliver, Jr., of the U.S Geological Survey and G A Cooper was guided by Phelan to important localities Although no first-rate specimens of Stringocephalus were taken, its position in the sequence is now established Additional fossils were discovered that permit correlation of the Stringocephalus-bearing limestone with formations in the United States and Canada In June following the National Museum Localities initial discovery, a party consisting of Drs J T Dutro and Stringocephalus was taken from the upper 18 inches of a gray limestone abounding in stromatopores on the west side of the France Stone way Company Quarry, on the north side of U.S 24, miles east of the city limits of Logansport, Logansport High(7-^') : NO STRINGOCEPHALUS IN INDIANA I (USNM Quadrangle, Ind Cooper — COOPER AND PHELAN locality 381a) The west side of the quarry has long been abandoned and the exposed upper surface of the gray limestone has been weathering for helped to The make many years, a fact that the String ocephalus visible following section of the gray Stringocephalus-bzax'mg limestone was measured on the west wall of the quarry Feet Post-gray limestone C Pinkish or cream colored coarsely granular limestone in patches 0.5 Gray limestone B Gray, fine-grained limestone containing abundance of stromatopores (pi 1, fig 2) of all sizes up feet, a few corals, both solitary and colonial, and Stringocephalus in the upper 18 inches only to Corals and stromatopores usually upset or upside down bedding crude ; or nonexistent Uppermost surface with scattered fish fragments and sand 10 patches A Gray sandy limestone, the sand grains frosted and well rounded, often in patches or in small chan- Silurian At this nels, resting on an irregular surface with at inches of relief least (Kokomo) dolomite place the corals coralline materials The make up less than 10 percent of the limestone might be described as a coralline conglomerate because the corals and stromatopores are essentially boulders in their helter-skelter orientation On the west side of the quarry Stringocephalus occurs in two well-defined patches The one on the southwest side is stromatopore Amphipora characterized by abundance of the twiglike (pi 1, 1), but this fig fossil does not occur at the patch on the northwest side The gray limestone is well displayed in the general Good exposures may be studied southwest quarry where the Pottawatomie Point Road, city limits, cuts vicinity of the of the quarry 1.35 miles east of Logansport through 11 feet of the gray limestone about \ mile Highway 24 On both sides of south of the intersection with U.S this cut and and woods on the west side of the road abundant 6^ feet below the top (USNM Cooper in the field Subrensselandia is SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS The gastropods Mastigospira and Buechelia 391b) locality VOL I5I tyrrellii Whiteaves) and the large, distinctive pelecypod Liromytilus attenuatus (Whiteaves) occur in the topmost layer Good exposures also appear on the Fry Farm on the east side of the Cass Station Road, \ mile south of its junction with U.S Highway 24, miles east of Logansport City limits (USNM Cooper locality 391c) Here the large gastropod Omphalo cirrus manitobensis (Whiteaves) occurs and ( large Paracyclas sp A is common (146119) was found on the upper surface of the gray limestone 0.2 mile west of Pottawatomie Point Road on a small knob (USNM Cooper locality 391e), demonsingle valve of Stringocephalus strating its presence above Subrensselandia but at the same level as Liromytilus Stratigraphic relationships of the gray Stringocephalus-bearing limestone The gray limestone rests unconformably on Silurian dolomite and is overlain unconformably by the Middle Devonian Logansport Limestone described by Cooper and Warthin (1941, p 259) The Logansport Limestone, the fauna of which is well dated as lower Ludlowville in age by reference to the New York Devonian, — thus gives a definite ceiling to this occurrence of Stringocephalus and Subrensselandia The positioning of these two fossils in relation to beds lower in the Devonian can only be obtained by elaborate correlations as detailed below Cooper and Warthin (1941) selected as type section of the Logans- port Limestone the good display at Pipe Creek Falls about miles southeast of Logansport This section includes to feet of stroma- topore and coral-bearing gray limestone at the base richly fossiliferous, cream-colored granular limestone has followed by The basal bed the lithological characters of the Stringocephalus-Subrensse- all landia-bezring beds, but these important fossils were not seen In the France Stone Quarry the String ocephalus-btdsmg gray limestone is overlain by granular limestone containing the characteristic Logansport Limestone Strong unconformity is shown Logansport and the String ocephalus -bearing gray limestone by truncation of corals and stromatopores, sand patches, and scattered fish debris in the top of the gray bed Cooper and Warthin included the gray limestone in their Logansport Formafossils of the at the contact of the tion, but it is The fauna of evident that it must be divorced from this association the Logansport, which does not include that of the gray limestone from which Cooper and Warthin had only unidentified corals and stromatopores, has been clearly established to be the NO I STRINGOCEPHALUS IN INDIANA —COOPER AND PHELAN SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS same as Member that of the Centerfield VOL 151 Forma- of the Ludlowville New York, the Hungry Hollow Formation of southwestern Ontario, Canada, the Four Mile Dam Limestone of eastern Michigan, and the Beech wood Limestone of the famous Falls of Ohio section in southern Indiana and northern Kentucky (Cooper and Warthin, tion of Kindle 1942) Onondaga (1900) originally dated all in age, equal to the Jeffersonville On of Ohio area the contrary, Cooper of the Logansport as Limestone of the Falls and Warthin (1941, p 259) 1068) showed that Kindle's leading Jeffer"Spirifer acuminatus," is in reality one of the and Campbell (1942, p sonville guide fossil, Spinocyrta granulosa tribe characteristic of the Hamilton group Associated species also proved to be Hamilton rather than Onondaga species They (Campbell, 1942, p 886) also showed that the fauna accompanying Kindle's "S." acuminatus is the widespread Centerfield Thus fauna the Stringocephalus-Subrensselandia-bezr'mg gray limestone of Indiana fossils is pre-Ludlowville and post-Upper Silurian, completely eliminating any possibility of its Onondaga age of these beds Miami Bend, new formation —From the above remarks it is evi- dent that the Stringocephalus-Subrensselandia-beaving gray limestone must be separated from the Logansport and given its own name We it, from the community near the bend of the propose Miami Bend for Wabash River slightly less than a mile southwest of the France Stone Quarry, Logansport- Anoka (7^') Quadrangles North of the bend (USNM Cooper 391b) on Pottawatomie Point Road The best exhibition of this limestone and the one best showing in the 0.3 mile Stone is located the Subrensselandia locality its relationships, however, Company Quarry We, is France therefore, select the west side of the quarry as the type section, but derive the name from Miami Bend On the west side of the quarry the formation overlain by patches of the Logansport quarry it 11 feet thick is Limestone The same and is On is 15 feet thick and is the southeast side of the overlain by 14 feet of Logansport relationship appears on the west side of the Pottawatomie Point Road where the northwesternmost exposure, on the west side of a small isolated knob, Limestone Miami Bend The two is light is composed of Logansport lithologies are readily separable because the gray and fine-grained limestone topores, whereas the Logansport is full of stroma- coarsely granular, crinoidal lime- stone often cream yellow to pinkish, with only a few but different stromatopores and numerous corals NO STRINGOCEPHALUS IN INDIANA I —COOPER AND PHELAN / GUIDE FOSSILS The two principal fossils forming the subject of this discussion need further explanation to help Formation known Its clearer make the correlation of the Stringocephalus (Cloud, 1942, anatomically and needs no occurrence in North America is p discussion of poorly its known and its Miami Bend 104) is well morphology stratigraphic accompanying Stringocephalus are poorly known individually and as a fauna Consequently, remarks on these subjects may require revision as knowledge of them advances range is not clearly understood Furthermore, Stringocephalus, in spite of the fact that rarely in the Eifelian (Struve, 1961, p 328), leading fossil of the Givetian, which is fossils it is known is still to occur regarded as the often spoken of as the Stringocephalus zone Identification of Eifelian Stringocephalus will accompanying fauna, whereas abundance of In North America, as elsewhere, Stringocephalus is a gregarious genus, occurring in banks or patch reefs and often in great abundance A number of species of Stringocephalus have been created in Canada where it occurs throughout a fairly long sequence (Warren and Stelck, 1962 Crickmay, 1960 and 1962) Colonial genera, such as Stringocephalus and the pentamerids Rhipidium and Pentamerus that live in the same manner, are extremely variable locally, each patch often having its own species or subspecies This leads paleontologists to create many species or to extreme conservatism depending on training or inclination The North American occurrences are still too poorly known to have tested the usefulness of the described species Obviously, this is a considerable handicap in correlation, especially between areas that are separated by long distances, as between Indiana and Manitoba and the Northwest Territories, Canada largely depend on the genus is likely its to indicate Givetian age ; (Cloud, 1942, p 92) (type species Newberria from the Hamilton Group in Pennsylvania) is an aberration of Rensselandia (formerly Newberria) differing from that Subrensselandia claypolii Hall genus only in the presence of small struts under the broad hinge plates of the brachial valve (pi 2, fig 4) Externally the two genera are identical Rensselandia (Cloud, 1942, p 94) occurs in Europe in close association with Stringocephalus and is probably as good a guide to the Givetian as that genus It is not reported from the Eifelian In the United States it is common in the Cedar Valley and Callaway Limestones of Iowa and Missouri It is also known from Mackenzie Valley in the Northwest Territories and from the Nevada SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS V90IN h ono VIAON II VOL 151 Z V 5? za 3f Pa 35 13 1=5 CLQ *? cro _ E5? S§2 |3 £ 00 2»- UJ u_ gl > UJ s: l Sf : 1* |_ a c u w o A A o a i S « D AA Q •»- O X> £ Z 7mm Length A 10 o • •A MJ5 O a AA ^ H I B —A, 7mm Length B, Relation of number of pore-pairs in one poriferous zone in and I to the length of three species of Echinocyomus from eastern America for comparison with Echinocyomus caribbeonensis Kier, new species Fig 11 petals V 22 Fig 12 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS —A-D, Echinocyamns caribbeanensis cal, adoral, right side of M6606, loc largest specimen (5.9 of Basel Kier, new holotype, Basel M6605, loc S80, species X : VOL 151 A-C, Adapi- 10; D, Adoral view SI 107, showing more anterior position of periproct in E, Echinocyamns huxleyanus Meyer: long), mm Adapical and adoral view of X USNM 499001, Geneva, Alabama, X 10 EOCENE ECHINOIDS FROM BARBADOS no Fig 13 —A, Echinocyatnus tnacneili Cooke: USNM — KIER 23 Adapical and adoral view of Moodys Branch Formation at USGS 15562, creek flowing into Conecuh River in the NE }4 sec 32, 10- B, Echinocyatnus parvus T N., R 15 E., Covington County, Alabama, (Emmons) Adapical and adoral view of 499002, from middle and late Eocene Castle Hayne Formation at USGS 10363, J M Thomas' farm 10 miles 10 north of Jacksonville, Onslow County, North Carolina, holotype, : 562297, from late Eocene equivalent of X USNM X — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 24 12 VOL 151 • 1 10 "*% • • • ^ * 54 • • I S 10 12 II 13 mm Length 28 27 26 25 H • 24 * 23 ^ o 22 H 20 m * c 19 i 18 - : is 14 :? '3 '2 * II 10 c z •5 i » i ^o _ I * I B, Number Petal TSL O Petal • B Fig 14 A < Length Cassidulus senni Kier, new species: A, Width of pore-pairs in one poriferous zone in petals III relative to length; and V — EOCENE ECHINOIDS FROM BARBADOS no KIER 25 B 6' S Bo «b $ ©00 Is z I 234 567 89 10 II 12 13mm Ltngth D Fig 15 of holotype, loc S80, to length X new species: A, Adapical and adoral view M6607, loc SI 52, X 4; B, Phyllode of ambulacrum V of M6608, 30; C, Right side view M6608, loc S80, X 5; D, Relation of height Cassidulus senni Kier, — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 26 VOL 151 • • B Fig 16 type, Cassidulus mestieri Kier, M6610, loc S164, X ; new species: B, Phyllode of A, Adapical view of holo- ambulacrum II of holotype, X 25 LITERATURE CITED Cooke, C W Cenozoic echinoids of eastern United States Geol Surv Prof Paper 1959 321, 106 pp., 43 pis ClZANCOURT, M DE 1948 Gregory, Nummulites de l'ile Geol France, new de la Barbade (Petites Antilles) series, vol 27, No 57, pp 5-36, Mem map, Soc pis S J Cyst echinus crassus, a new species from the Radiolarian marls of Barbados, and the evidence it affords as to the age and origin of 1889 Quart Journ Geol Soc London, vol 45, pp 640- these deposits 650, figs 1-3 Archaeopneustes dbruptus, a new genus and species of echinoid from the Oceanic series in Barbados Quart Journ Geol Soc London, 1892 vol 48, pp 163-169, pl.4 Guppy, R Lechmere J On 1911 the geology of Antigua and other West Indian islands with ref- erence to the physical history of the Caribbean region Quart Journ Geol Soc London, vol 67, pp 681-700, pi 50 [map] M Kier, P 1957 Tertiary Echinoidea from British Somaliland: 20 text vol 31, pp 839-902, pis., 1962 1964 No 3, 262 1931 pp., 44 184 text pis., Coll., vol figs from the Marshall Islands Fossil echinoids Paper 260-GG, Lambert, Smithsonian Misc Revision of the cassiduloid echinoids: 144, Journ Paleontology, figs : Geol Survey Prof pp 1121-1126, pi 302, text figs J Note sur le groupe des Oligopygus la nouvelle famille des et sur quelques fichinides fossiles de 5th ser., vol 1, MORTENSEN, TH 1948 A monograph pis., 258 text Hoimeidae Cuba Bull Soc Geol France, pp 289-304, pi 17 of the Echinoidea, vol 4, Clypeastroida, 471 pp., 72 figs., Reitzel, Copenhagen Senn, A 1940 Paleocene of Barbados and its bearing on history and structure of Antillean-Caribbean region Bull Amer Assn Petr Geol., vol 24, pp 1548-1610 Trechmann, C T 1925 The Scotland Vaughan, T W 1945 American Paleocene and Eocene larger Foraminifera Amer., Wells, J 1945 beds of Barbados Geol Mag., vol 62, pp 481-504 Mem 9, part 1, 120 pp., 46 Geol Soc pis W West part Indian Eocene and Miocene corals Geol Soc Amer., 2, 25 pp., Mem 9, pis Withers, T H 1926 Decapod crustaceans (Calianassa) from the Scotland beds of Bar- bados Geol Mag., vol 63, pp 104-108 27 EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fibularia barbadosensis Kier, 1, 2, 3, new species Adapical, right side, and adoral view of holotype, Basel M6603, SI 107, Echinocyamus caribbeanensis Kier, new species 4, 5, Adapical and adoral view of holotype, Basel M6605, graphed in alcohol, X Cassidulus senni Kier, 6, 7, loc X new loc S80, photo- species X Adapical view of holotype M6607, loc SI 52, photographed in alcohol, 8, Adapical and adoral view of M6609, loc S152, photographed in alcohol, X4 Cassidulus mestieri Kier, 9, 10, 11, Adapical, new species left side, adoral view of holotype M6610, adapical view photographed under alcohol, 28 X loc S164, VOL 151, NO SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1, 2, FIBULARIA BARBADOSENSIS KlER, NEW SPECIES; 4, ECHINOKlER, NEW SPECIES; 6, 7, 8, CASSIDULUS KlER, NEW SPECIES; 9, 10, 11, CASSIDULUS MESTIERI KlER NEW CYAMUS CARIBBEANENSIS SENNI SPECIES 9, PL ... common in known from Australia in the Eifelian (Struve, 1961) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL 151, NO — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL 151 and north Africa and occurs more rarely... plate for SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL 151 NO MIAMI BEND FORMATION, FRANCE STONE COMPANY QUARRY (SEE EXPLANATION OF PLATES AT END OF TEXT.) PLATE SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. .. OF TEXT.) PLATE SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS LIROM YTILUS AND SUBRENSSELANDIA (SEE EXPLANATION OF PLATES AT END OF TEXT.) VOL 151 NO PLATE SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS STRINGOCEPHALUS