SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS V13

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 152, NO SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-1965 By THOMAS E SNYDER HONORARY RESEARCH ASSOCIATE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Publication 4705 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON CONTENTS Page Introduction i Acknowledgments i List of subject headings Subject headings -7 List of authors and Index titles 107 155 SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1961-1965 THOMAS By E SNYDER Honorary Research Associate Smithsonian Institution INTRODUCTION On DECEMBER 29, 96 1, a Supplement 195 5- 1960 to an "Annotated Subject- Heading Bibliography of Termites 1350 B.C to A.D 1954," by Thomas E Snyder was pubHshed as Publication 4463, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol 143, No The present (second) supplement covers publications from 1961 through 1965; some 1966, as well as some eadier, A total of 1135 references are listed under and 2381 references are listed under subject headings, the greater number being due to cross references to publications covering overlooked papers are included authors and titles, more than one tion, subject Glossary, New Communicasome Cooperation, and Resistant Plants subject headings are International Attractants, : ; previous ones are not included in this supplement ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The publication of this bibliography was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C Editors of the Smithsonian Institution have been very helpful in the preparation of the manuscript and index W Entomology Research Division, Department of Agriculture, has supplied some references Miss Emily Bennett (i960 to early 1963), Mr Armitt J Spohn (1963 to late October 1965), and Mrs Gloria Mauney (from October 1965 to date), librarians of the Department of Entomology, Mrs Lucile Agricultural Yates, cataloger of the Research Service, U S Smithsonian Institution, have been especially helpful and obtaining obscure publications, often difficult to SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL in checking references locate 152, No LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Anatomy See Morphology Attractants Bacteria See also Nutrition Baits See Soil poisons Behavior See also Biology Bibliography Biography Biology, ecology Resistant Building codes See also Control woods Wood preservation intermediates, also determination, Caste ; ; intercastes Chemical analysis Cold Sec Temperature Communication Control, construction, and termite-proofing Cytology (cell growth) Damage to buildings, material See also Biology Flight ; Damage to living vegetation Detection See also Experimentation Digestion See also Nutrition Protozoa Diseases, human, plant, and termite See also Parasites Distribution Dusts, poison See Soil poisons ; Ecology See Biolog>- Electricity Sec Detection ; Experimentation Introduced, or intercepted Legislation or regulation Migration See Biology Moisture See Biology Molds See Nutrition, Parasites Morphology, histology (tissue growth) Neoteinia See Biology Nests Nutrition Obituary Parasites Parthenogenesis Sec Biology Phylogeny See also Evolution Physiology Population Predators Protozoa Sec also Digestion Nutrition Racket Radiation Rearing Regulation See Legislation Repellents See Soil poisons Wood preserva; ; tion Reproductive organs See Genitalia Resistant plants Resistant woods, fiber, plastics Respiration See Gaseous environment Reviews and Evolution Secretions Experimentation Sec also Detection swarm See also Biology Damage Food, termites as ; Fossil Fumigation Fungi, association with See also Rearing Fungus cultivation Gaseous environment Genetics See Biology Genitalia, reproductive or sex organs Geologic agents Glossary Heat See Temperature Hermaphrodites See Biology Histology Sec Morphology Humidity International cooperation Taxonomy Poison dusts See Soil poisons Embryology Flight, ; abstracts Sense organs Sex organs See Genitalia Shields, metal barriers Soil poisons, baits, dusts, repellents Sound Superorganism, supraorganism, colony as Swarm Sec Flight ProtoNutrition Symbiosis See Biology zoa Termitophiles Tax status of loss See Damage ; ; ; Taxonomy Temperature Termitophiles Toxicology Uses in industry, arts, Wood and religion preservation, poisons for fabrics and fiberboards, insulation, etc Zoogeographical regions SUBJECT HEADINGS (For complete citations see List of Authors and Titles beginning on page 107.) ATTRACTANTS Allen, T C, Smythe, R V., and Coppel, H C, 1964, pp 1009-1011 (Studies in the United States and in several foreign involving termite attractancy similar to those made in the United countries tests, showed that aqueous exfrom wood invaded by the fungus States in 1961, tracts Lenzites trabea gave similar results, 21 termite species in 14 genera, including dampwood, drywood and ranean termites were tested 10 subter- The termites methods of test given Every species which was significantly attracted except one was subterranean in habit; no dampwood termites were attracted and no drywood species responded were listed, wood is A sandwich of five corrugated fiberboard which the center and two outermost pieces were not treated with insecticide The second and fourth pieces were dipped in either 1% chlordane or pieces in dieldrin solutions, or a massive dose of dieldrin was tive attractants only.) compounds (aldeformed in wood at- following subterranean termites follow concentration gradient of attractive material, cul- brown rot fungus on pine, to find decaying wood Such a potent termite attractant may be useful in termite surveys ture of and control.) Esenther, G R., and Coppel, H C., 1964, PP- 34, 36, 38> 42, 44> 46- (Madison, Wisconsin, experiments continued in the laboratory with the response of Reticuli- termes flavipes to attractants from ex- and synthetics, especially to exfrom white pine infected with the tractive tracts brown rot odically fungus Lenzites trabea Perias long as several weeks for the termites any would not be attracted to cause remains unexReceptors appear to be terminal attractant, the plained antennal segments and hind tarsi The reproductive caste gave the most positive response Specific differences are being studied between termite species and specific wood-decaying fungi (U.S., Re1965, pp 32, 38 ticulitermes arenincola and R flavipes, Field studies indicate that sterilized L trabea-\nitcXtA flight, females attract males by When male touches female, she lowers her abdomen and is followed in tandem Males also follow severed tip of female abdomen, or other males if odor Esenther, G R., Allen, T C, Casida, J E., and Shenefelt, R D., 1961, p 50 (U.S sandwich in a plastic bag that contained 75% wettable powder The last method caused the greatest mortality Decayed wood contains both an orientating and feeding stimulus, synthetics show poorer results in field tests because they may be orienta- Jacobson, M., hydes and acids) tacked by Basidiomycetes.) also applied to a unit by shaking only the central piece strongly Tests will be continued.) Becker, G., 1964a, pp 168-172 (Effect on termites of attractive A modiwas used the best field attractant fied attractant-insecticide unit once attracted by female The odor is detected by males' antennae.) Green, N., Beroza, M., and Hall, S A., (U.S., recent develop- i960, pp 129-179 ments in chemical attractants for insects.) Smythe, R V., Allen, T C, and Coppell, H C., 1965, pp 420-423 (U.S., effect of various factors on response of Reticulitermes flavipes to pentane extracts of Lenzites trabea —invaded Degree response ured lower than unit of wood meas- for single termites five; unit of five re- sponded less positively than unit of ten The most positive response was by secondary reproductives followed in order by workers and soldiers Increased temperature caused a more rapid and positive response Level of response de- under the influence of shorter wavelengths and higher intensities of creased light.) Verron, H., 1963, Calotermcs various pp 167-335 (France, flavicollis reaction stimuli of castes, interindividual relations SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 301-1 has been isolated show same characters as behavior linked with trophallaxy, interaction partly of an alimentary nature Recognition on ol- metabolic origin During post-embryonic sexual ontogenesis, creases differentiation decreases reactivity as in- the If in any way related, concomitance would tend to show that the insect is less and less submitted two phenomena are their to the effects sexual of inhibition totally different odor.) Watanabe, tractive to Reticulitermes flavipes per- citers." yet The react period strongly that to These unidentified attractants were steam-volatile, neutral unsaturated compounds Steam-volatile attractants were also present in the fungus grown on synthetic media, in the wood alone, and in the termites Testing of compounds of known structure for attractants "in- as attractive The deep modifica- the swarming particularly concerned during are act little indicated that some materials with the propenyl and styryl radical were active, example cinnamyl alcohol and isoOther attractive compounds were six ionones and certain camphor with social interattraction and sex-related behavior are to be added to inversion of the tropisms and sexual maturity These modifications enable the insect now liberated of its social environment, to engage in a new phylogenetical cycle and for safrole 4091 (An attractant of attractivity camphor may be due to a minor impurity Considerable specificity should occur in the response of different species of termites The potential of these attractants in con- 1962, pp 4089- fraction The analogs to multiply.) Verron, H., and Barrier, M., found decayed by Lenzites partially trabea activity of the neoteinics are observed tions The them wood in alimentary exchanges The females are licked by the nymphs; the male-sexed individuals are not and Casida, J E., 1963, pp (U.S., at least six materials at- T., 300-307 taining to the reproducers, owing to a progressive decrease in the frequency of reproducers causes from nymphs of Calotcrmes flavicoUis, as well as from the crushed galleries of the African termite Mia-ocerotermes edentatus The compound when synthesized is an attractant under experimental conditions The compounds from the two sources have a scent of attractive factive basis possible, VOL 152 hexene- trol is undetermined.) BACTERIA Das, S R., Maheshwari, K L., Nigam, S S., Shukla, R K., and Tandon, R N., 1962, pp 163-165 (India, Odontotermes obesus, bacteria in fungus garden anaerobic sulfate reducing; in guts workers a few sulfate reducing bacteria, but in guts soldiers and nymphs a few bacteria, but not sulfate reducing.) Lund, A E., 1962, pp 30-34, 36, 60-61 (U.S., Serratia kills termites in laboratory, car- ried at longevity least of S months and of spreading of termite It is control, a was marcescens it has the ability potential means but after a certain length of time virulence decreases The influences of pH and moisture must be examined Protective respirators or aspirators will be required during application to prevent infection by human beings.) MisRA, by mites.) 1965, pp 22, 24 teria, Serratia The J N., 1962, p 153 (Intestinal cellulose symbionts in higher termites (U.S., spore-forming bac- digesting marcescens, microbial flora, enzymes bacteria in hindgut Odontotermes obesus, other enzyme systems present.) that can be carried by termites back to their colony, gave 100% mortality to laboratory termite cultures within 24 hours, only a few strains are effective The bacteria produces red pigmented growths and is called red agent It has been field tested in South Carolina by soil spraying a solution of spores, and the termite activity was reduced The impregnation of wooden planks with a spore solution led to the discontinuation of termite attack Sebald, M., and Prevot, A R., 1962, pp 199214 (A new species of strict anaerobic bacterium Micromonospora acetoformici isolated from the posterior Reticulitermes lucifugus intestine \'ar of santon- nensis.) v., and Coppel, H C, 1965, pp 423-426 (U.S., Wisconsin, an experimental soluble toxin preparation derived Smythe, R BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES I961-65: SUBJECTS NO from thuringiensis Bacillus is toxic SNYDER after days, in to combination with spores three species of Reticulitertnes and Zoo- and inclusion bodies term opsis mortality than 75% angusticollis; 90% results greater in mortality.) BEHAVIOR Deligne, 1965, pp 179-186 (Africa, difJ., ferent types fighting behavior considered four as different soldier mandibles evolutionary grades acquired poly-phyleti- Hocking, B., 1963, pp 280-285 (East Africa, technique developed for studying the behavior of worker termites toward others same of the and HowsE, logical concept of species and mature application cally.) and species, distribution their LiNDAuER, M., 1965, pp 123-186 (Behavior and mutual communication.) Machado, a DeB., 1963, pp 1-3 (The eco- relation in space in is to described illustrated.) P E., 1965b, pp 335-345 {Zootermopsis angusticollis oscillatory movements, "longitudinal" response to lowintensity stimulus to antennal sensilla "Complex" took place after large disturbance; associated with laying down of odor trail, occurs only on contact with an individual of same species, means of exciting other termites to follow odor trail, but not a specific stimulus.) HuTCHiNs, R E., 1966, pp 1-324 (East Africa, queen lays 43,000 eggs per day.) pre- its to the systematics of Apicotermes.) McMahan, E a., {Crypto- 2414 1961, p termes brevis, laboratory studies colony development and behavior.) Pasteels, 1965, pp 191-205 (Africa, J M., Nasutitermes lujae workers different stages; ethological and physiological dif ferences exist between first-stage workers and the other; third-stage workers oldest, venture more readily outside nest.) W Sands, 1961a, A., (West 277-288 pp behavior and feeding habits five species Trinervitermes, two groups, those which store grass fragments Africa, foraging mounds, and those which not; in of grasses used in experiment.) Sudd, J., 1965, pp 489-496 (Behavior mites in building nest cooperative.) list ter BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous 1961, pp 1-9 (Italy, control, of publications 1952-1960.) damage, list Commonwealth Bureau 352, Soil Scl, i960, pp (Bibliography (annotated) 1959- 1957, effect termites 1964, 797., notated) on soil, tropics.) 1-8 (Bibliography (anpp 964-1933, termites and soil for- mation, tropics.) Harris, W V., 1965, pp 40-43 (Bibliography, world.) Pemberton, C E., 1964, pp 689-729 (Hawaii, review of entomology in Hawaii; early Hawaiian references to immigrant insect control trol; insects; measures important con- biological pests; for each pest; bibliography; Isoptera, p 696 and 710.) Smith, R F., 1965, pp 235-258 (U.S., bibliography of E O Essig, 1909 to 1958.) Russo, G., 1963a, pp 217-222 (List of publications of F Silvestri on termites and termitophiles, 51 papers, 1901-1949.) E., 1961, pp 1-137 (Supplement annotated, subject-heading bibliogra- Snyder, T to phy of termites, 1955-1960.) BIOGRAPHY Anonymous, i964d, pp 23-24 (Dr A E Emerson, professor emeritus of zoology, a foremost authority on termites, donated his collection of termites to the American Museum of Natural History There are 1800 living and fossil termites identified in the world 1600 largest The —a queen — It relates in Dr Emerson has obtained mm long, the inches by il4 inches smallest and his association Beebe Society British New the Guiana York Zoological Research Center in Dr Emerson discussed of labor, mound nests 30 feet high, queens that lay 8,000 eggs per day, etc The vast majority of The whole question sterile and purposiveness interested with Dr at Tropical the biology of termites, the caste system, division is how Emerson became termites W mites.) is termites are of teleology reflected in ter- — SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Nelson, (Dr A., 1966, p 50 J British isopterist W V Harris, Museum, London, in A museum the at VOL 152 world authority on Dr Harris also classification of termites interview stated that while no live termites occur in England, half of all known species are preserved in the Common- recommends control measures for the Commonwealth, heading the Termite wealth Institute of Entomology collection on termites which destroy Much Research Unit attention focuses crops.) BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY Arora, G L., 1962, pp iir-113 (India, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, Heterotermes indicola, Coptotermes hcimi and Microtermes anandi subterranean termites, galof leries nests differ, proportionately small number soldiers 20%, 31.5%, and respectively Heterotermes and Coptotermes voracious wood eaters Coptotermes swarms after first heavy showers in late June, early July at sunset, three to four swarms, second largest, Microtermes the second week in July, Heterotermes the middle of August when it is actually raining Females of both C heimi and M anandi raise abdomens and emit sweet odor, attract males in 31.5% courtship.) to I daily up to total of 25-30, then a pause Incubation averaged 6-1 weeks Half eggs laid eaten by adults, larvae also gradually eaten and adults died Survival only by addition number older workers and soldiers, with increasing oviposition by young queens.) 1962, p 232 (idem.) 1963a, pp 455-456 (Experiments in laboratory with tropical termites show magnetotaxis or reaction to the points of the compass Winged adult pairs of Macrotermes and Odontotermes always assume an east-west resting position In nature, large queens of Odontotermes in India rest in a north-south direction.) 1964, pp 75-88 (Dealated imagos, particu- Macrotermes larly and Odotitotermes adjust their resting position to the magnetic field of the earth or to artificial magnetic Correlation between inand atmospherics, higher with minimum atmospherics.) tensity Bess, H fields of respiration A., (Ruiru, Kenya, 1963, p 204 East Africa, Odontotermes badius? large queens in diameter This is a building termite abundant in Kiambu-Ruiru area at 5000 to inches 0.75 nonmound the 6000 feet.) 351 (Honolulu, Hawaii, Coptotermes formosanus queen of subterranean termite found on Dec 2, 1963, in carton nest; nest of about two cubic feet of 1964, p was in false bottom of closet on the concrete slab near a bathroom No tunneling leading to ground Hundreds of soldiers, small nymphs, and many thousands of workers present, but no eggs.) material directly Bodot, pp 789-790 (Africa, southern Coast, savannahs, seasonal cycle p., 1962, Ivory termites.) Becker, G., 1961a, pp 78-94 (Observations and experiments upon the beginnings of colony development of Mexican Nasutitermes ephratae, life history in laboratory Egg laying began 3-4 days after swarming, to from underground termitaria, and three-eighths 2.5 to inches in length and DeLong, D M., 1964, J., pp 56, 62, 65, 118-124, Chap 10, Order Isoptera, p 489, 657, 665, 720-721 (U.S., BoRROR, D key to Order genera, Isoptera, families, castes, habits, keys to termitophiles, damage, as scavengers, rearing methods.) Bouillon, A (Ed.), 1964, pp 1-414 (Africa, systematics, physiology, population, and ecology, II papers, genera singled out Cubitermes, Macrotermes, and Apicotermes, nests of latter described in detail.) BucHLi, H., 1961, pp 628-632 {Retictditermes lucifugus, relations between the maternal colony and the young winged imagos.) Cals-Usciati, J., and Frescheville, J De, 1963, p 54 (France, Paris, perennation of a colony of Retictditermes lucifugus.) Chatterjee, p N., and Sen-Sarma, P K., 1962, pp 139-142 (India, Odontotermes obesus, with incidence wood of subterranean termites tested froin Sahnalia malabarica.) seasonal destroying wood Chen, Ning-Sen, 1959, 1-17 pp (China, Coptotermes jormosanus, Reticulitermes chinensis, and R ftaviceps, list of 16 genera.) Chhotani, O B., 1962a, Kalotermes beesoni, pp 73-75 (India, emerging from colony in laboratory were females, as were those infesting banyan trees in the field, showing reproduction by all alates , , SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 174 gilvus f kalshoveni syn gilvus i latinottim syn gilvus subsp M M (Hag.), 78 (Hag.), 78 gilvtis gilvtis madurensis syn M gilvus malayantis syn M gilvus gilvus subsp (Hagen), 78, 80 gilvus syn M gilvus (Hagen), 78 gilvus philippinensis svn \t gilvus (Hag.), f 78 ^hajuriai, 80 Veracruz, Cordoba, 79 Michigan, Freeport, Barry Co., 33 Microcapritermes n gen., 79 pilosus n sp., 79 valeriae n sp., 78 arboreus, 53 maesodensis n biroi, 38 bitrmanicus syn sp., 75 26, 51, 85 natalensis, 8, hopini, 83 championi raja serrulatus sjn serrulatus Sny., 22 di versus, 37 edentatus, 4, 46 Macrotermitidae, 44, 55 Macrotermitinae, 50, 75 JO, 19, South 6, n subsp., 80 tit us n sp., 75 Baltimore, Beltsville, 34; 33, 73, Co., 53, 100; central Prince Georges Co., 34; 99; and Kensington, 53, 100; Montgomery Co., 34; Prince Georges Co., 33, 34, swarm week ending April 8, 1966, 34; statewide swarming Reticulitermes flavipes week 18, 1966, viator, 19, 39: eastern 33: Karoo, South area, Reticulitermes 8, 20, 21, 36, 37, 45, 48; world distribution, 48 destroying fungus Metamorphosis, 11, 69 Mcthoxychlor, 73, 86 68: sp., from 83 80 mycophagus, 24, 44 najdensis n sp Saudi Arabia, 77 78 revision of Microtermes from Indian region, sp., 21 56 umsae 40 80 n sp., 78, Millet, Italian, resistant to termites, India, 65 Mauritius, 22: Reunion Island, Port de Galles, 77 Metabolite (end product), 9, 45, 70: wood in- may toxic, or attractant 50 sp., imphalensis n thoracalis, 26, of species, 48 Mastotermitidae, 40, 56: genera included, 48; re- olite to termites, 9, 64, anandi, dimorphtis n spp., synonomy duce a repellent, or 24, 62-63, 76 53 55, 62, 90 wood 13, 8, fungus gardens, 50; in intestines termites, 62 Microtermes, 6, 22, 35, 41, 42 aluco, 38 pal lid us, 78 swarming near peak, 34 Mastotermes darwiniensis, Microorganisms, obesi, 19, 23, 26, 27, 36, 37, 38, 34 agents, 17: directory 1966, 17 fossil, 78 Africa, 19, 39 Montgomery April 30, 1966, sp., Microclimate, nests, 50, 57, 85 southern sections swarms April 1965, 33; College Park Prince Georges Co., 39; Hyattsville, fected with a 75 80 n subsp., Microhodotermes Maryland, 32, 34, 100, loi: Anne Arundel Co., Mastotermes, sp., 32, 42, 60 35 uncatus n Marshall Islands, 78 Massachusetts, spp., 19, laxmi Malathion, organophosphate, 72, 86 ending Mar sp., 9, 12, tcnuignathtis, Malaya, 14, 28, 37, 77, 94, 95, 96 Marginitermes n gen., 77, 78 huhhardi, 77 of, 78 paracelebensis n sp., 75 narive, 44, 97 Masking Snyder, palestinensis, 83 rambanensis n m es mil lot i, 43 Malagasy zoogeographical region, 43, 97: Tana- Bcthesda, crassus 85 implacidus, 66 m in images, dealated, 6; queens, 6, 9: 40 Malagasiter A/, fletcheri 8, Mahabo, 77; Nossibe, 77; West, 77; Tsihombe, 77; Tulcar, 77 Madagascar: Magnetotaxis, of cameroni, 56 serrulatus, 83 view Potosi, 77; Mexicali, 24, loi; northern, 79; 43, Wicrocerotermes, 32, 41, 42, 43 herus, 36, 38 33; 84, 99: Chiapas, 48, loi; El Naranjo, 6, San Luis 9, padangensis f Methyl bromide, 49, 61: Halide lamp, 15; precautions in use of in fumigation, 15; temperature above 65° F, 15, 49 Mexico, (Hag.), 78 152 pro- metab- Mimeiitermes, majuscultis n Minnesota, sp., Windom, 83 33 Mirocapritermes concaveus n sp., latignathus n 75 sp., 75 preu/ensis n sp., 75 NO 175 Mississippi, 71, 88, 89, 97, 98, 99: Gulfport, 73, 99: Horn Missouri, Island, 44, 100 32, 98, 52, Fulton area, 39; Acarina, Mites, build-up Co., Louis, St human causing 85: 4, fumigated in Callaway loi: 99, lesions, Hawaii, houses, 22 scav- engers on dead termites, 61; control, piperonyl butoxide and pyrethrins in Pye- 61; base, oil 38: age, 57; air-conditioned, 8, 57; Bellicositermes, hellicostis, 56, rex, 56, natalensis, 56; composition, 56; description, Trinervitermes, West Africa, 57; destruction, of disease, 9; termitophiles, China, 85 carbons, sive amount, 28; leaks due improper to flash- optimum Molting, moulting, 13: glands, 69 Morphology, 28, 55-56, 59, 68, 75, 77, 78, 80: abnormalities, 56, 60; adipose tissue royal higher adipose various tissue development new termes flavicoUis, 55; type queen, castes, Calo- 55, endolophycyte, cell, antennal sense organs, ontogenj', innerva- tion, natalensis, Bellicositermes 55: 46, 7; brain, comparative, in relation to polymorphism, 56; musculature, cephalic chaetotaxy castes, adaptation thoracic 70: system, endocrine apparatus, 55; external (mid-gut) queen, higher musculature, and tracheae organogenesis, 55; behavior, 70; central 55-56; new 55, organs, antennal neurosensorial innervation, microtubule-associated, study comparative mantis, 56; Masto- termes darwiniensis and 24 species cockroaches, evolution, 45, 55; prothoracic protocerebrum, 56; soldier, 7, 55, glands, 75; sternal 70; subgcnual organ Zootermopsis angiisticolUs, 55; tentorial gland, various castes and stages, 55; tentorial system, behavior, 70; thorax, 55, degeneration wing muscles in, 55; worker, 10, 8; 8, 22, 14, 59, 60, trolled conditions of increment, annual, 32, builds jeae Macro- mound only Orissa, 56; primary, 57: plant cover reduced, ment, 57; Nasutitermes, Barkuda Island, Chilka Odontotermes obesiis, measurements, Lake, 57; savanna, 80; 56, 51, Odontotermes occasionally, distribution correlated secondary, 56; 19; size, 19, 57; with environ10, 56; size, distribution, Trinervitermes, 42, 57; soil nearby impoverished, decrease water retaining capacity, 56; tary, Trinervitermes, structure, 57; vegetated massive, 57; supplemenMao'otermes and Odontotermes Northern Rhodesia, origin, numper acre, 56; woody growth aided by improving drainage and root penetration, 56 ber Mycterotcrmes n gen., 82 meringoceplialtts n sp., 82 N Nasutitermes, 20, 21, 22, 24, 35, 44, 69, 70, 79 anamalaiensis, 56, 79 arboreiis, 57 beckeri n sp., 56, briinnetis, 79 65, 90: rate under con- humidity and temperature , coltimbicits , 14 communis Mound-building termites, n sp., 11, 21, 22, 61: ancient 57; dcstructif)n of, India, 19; Macro- 83 corniger, 53, 70 cos talis, 53 crassicornis, 79 deltoccphalus n sp., 83 diaboltis, 83 dimorphus n sp., 75 cmersoni, 79 6, 13, 53, 56, 58-59, 65, 84 erectinasus n sp., 83 cxiliosiis, 12, 2(1, 73 89, 9" in laboratory, 4, 58 79 ceylonicus 79 chaqtiimayensis, 53 cherraensis n sp., 80 cphratac, 55 architect, 21; of Bellicositertnes rex, 51; high, 40 feet, feet, 12; glands, 55, 56, 70; stomodeal system, behavior, MortalitN', 18, distri- 51; three castes, 60; organelle, 61, hydro- aldrin, dieldrin, cost, development, pedogenetic, modifications various 56, 55; system, ovipositor, 12, external, morphology and function mandi- alary nervous behavior, 70; 14, early function to termites, families, 56; intestine soldiers, ant, development, 56; feeding intra-specific termites, 55; nerves, 12, 12, 56; adults, maa'ocephaltis, head 55; and inter- castes, musculature genitalia, 51, 55: eye 55; dealated 55; Anacanthotermes bles various 55; endocrine organs, flight, 30 7, ter?nes, crgastoplasm an chlorinated bution, 57; effect on fertility soil Ivory Coast savanna, 56; effect of reworking by termites and mounds sta- tionary, 69 55; with DDT, BHC, 25; 19, 21, Africa, by 19, India, 21, of erosion on the pedogenetic development of amount, 52, 58 Molds, 50: reduce longevity termites, Molt, moult, 7, 46, 64: regressive, 46, 69; termites, 10, auriterrae, 57, carbonaritts, 5, 57, ebeneriantts, 57, oeconomtis, 57, suspensus, Australia, ing led to second-story infestation, 24; Odontotermes, 19, 22; 51; 32, Mounds, wotes, potential parasites, 60; scavengers, vectors Moisture: faulty drains cause accumulation exces- 22, 8, Thailand, Louis Co., St termes, fletcheri, 79 fiih'iis n sp., 83 21, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 176 Neocapriter mef, gard fieri, 79 opacus parvus, 85 80 garoensis n sp., grandinasus n sp., graveolus, Neocene age, 83 artocarpi, 81 a.ismuthi, 81 bosei, 68, 79 82 huxensis n of species 20 in 1959, 79 82 sp., chilensis, 53 indicola, 79 jalpaigtirensis n sp., connexus, 53 dalhergiae, 82 79 80 kjili n sp., lacustris, 56 andamanensis, 81 79 number 4, 8, 55, Neoterryies, 26, 35, 36, 38, 81 horni, 79 Indian region, list of, 93 mentary reproductives, 82 hirticeps n sp., to, fossil, Neoteinics, 4, 7, 11, 42, 46: number, 9; supple- "jn guayanae, 53 keys VOL 152 etiropae, 44 79 82 fJetcheri, lujae, matangensis matangensis 79 matangensis matangensiformis gardneri syn of bosei, 38, 82 , matangensi- f grandis, 82 greeni, 36, 82 oides, 79 morattis, 79 k,emneri n morio, 60 /{etelensis, 82 nigriceps, 53 83 /(os/iunensis, ociilatiis, lagunensis 82 79 82 sp., 82 , longipennis, 82 orthonastis n sp., 83 paraftdvus n Btdhitermes'^ 83 sp., malatensis, 82 , 82 princeps, 38 mangijerae mediits, 82 processionarius, 79 megaociilatKS la/^bimpiiri n subsp., 82 rippertii, 53 niegaocidattis megaoctdattis n sp., 82 perparvtis n sp., 75 microoctdatiis n sp., 82 roboratus, 79 sintiostis n sp., Btdhitermes? 83 microphthalmus, 82 , 69 sp., 12, 13, 36, 45, 69 suknensis militaris, 36, 38, spp., n sp., sp., 79 Oriental, 79 keys ttingsalangensis n sp., 75 ellagic Nasutus, (i), nasutes, Academy may rainbowi, 36 as saleierensis, tors that soil, 17; if sonneratiae, 82 14 pest symposium Washington, control applied carefully, 17; important fac- influence persistence insecticides group organophosphorous sistent in soil less in per- than chlorinated hydrocarbons, 17 National Collection Isoptera, N.C.I 83 National Pest Control Assoc, New Pretoria, 82, NPCA, Jersey, 15, 16, 17, 19, 86, Elizabeth, sp., 26, 38 spp., 38 tectonae, 82 zultiensis, 51 Neotropical zoogeographical region, 77, 79, loi- 102 Nepal, 31 Nests, 7, 8, 10, II, 13, 21, 41, 51, 52, 55, 56-57, 76, 78, 85: air-conditioned, South Africa, 8, 43, 51, 57; Nearctic zoogeographical region, 11, 97-101 tions limiting 7, Co., 33: Lincoln Co., 33 98; Lincoln, American Apicotermes, 87 Nebraska: Ashland, 82 sinensis, 82 70 D.C., Feb 1-3, 1966, 17; chemical pest controls approved pishinensis, 82 function of Sciences: public aspects scientific of 28 (i960), 81 be antibiotics in living insects, Australia, 69, National 81 to appear sp acid, from isolated substance coumarin-like haemolymph Nasuititermes of a syn., 82 pariiscutatus, 82 Ethiopian region, 82 derivatives is 81 number from subfamily revision 79: to, list of, wal^eri, 69 Nasutitcrmitinae, on 82 var unidentatHs thanensis n Nasutins: n sp., Lancaster tree, structures, 57; tropics, 8; ants occupy, 10; evolution building, 57, func57, gas diffusion system, 57, 6, 9, factor distribution, Australia, 21, 24, 41, 85, phylogenetic complex, 21; INDEX NO 12, 31-32; China, Odontotermes (0) formosantts, 57; construction, 9; coopera- carton, 6, 11, tive, 18, 19, 21, 24, 26, 40; ex- 5; destruction, posure to dry half for air day colony kills Nasutitermes arboretis, 57; Florida species, galleries of nests, Mao'otermes Macrotermes mounds, isolated, 6; mass exodus, 9; 19; 177 Northward spread termites: Canadian provinces, causes, 23; Europe, 42; United States, 23 Nutrition, 9, 58-59: development dependent on, 23; 59, 69; effect of fungi, 50, 58; effect morphism, feeding 69; habits, on poly- 58-59; grass fragments stored in mounds by foraging Tri- height, population, 8, 56, 57; material analysis, nervitermes, 5; humidity influence on nourishment and food selection, 58-59; Termitin, 59; 12-13, 56; meridian, 8; microclimate 86° Termitomyces conidia fed on by larvae bellicostis, tropics, 79° mound, 5, 7, 8, in 8; temperate zone, gilviis, mound-building savanna, 57; ties, population greater 4, 6, 11, 12, 14, 41, 46, 50, 58, 59, 9, 61, 64, 69, 80 British 8, man- Africa, densi- segregation, cleared in areas, 57; Arizona, Nevada, 100: East Las Vegas, Clark Co., 32; Lake Zootermopsis Nymphs, 8; tree, 8, 21, West species habitats, Reticuli- termes flavipes, 59 probable relation altitude to habit, Trinervitermes, 85; 22, in 84; 10, 57; Philippines, Guiana, 56; structures illustrated, modified F 57, 10, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 32, 42, 56, 57, 61; nesting habits, Mao'oteymes 50, laticeps, Obituary, 59 Oceania: Djampea Island, 82; Saleier Island, 82 Odontotermes (0), 19, 22, 25, 26, 35, 40, 41, 6, 42, 56, 81 angnstignathus n Co., 44; Pine Creek, Spring Mountains, Clark sp., 83 assamensis, 19 assamensis syn O obesus (Rambur), 78 Co., 38, 44; Reno, Washoe Co., 33, 34, 35; Reno-Sparks area, Washoe Co., 33, 35; Washoe assmtithi, 10, 38, 47, 67, 79 baditis?; 6, 85 Tahoe area, 33; Las Vegas, Clark Co., 33; Winnemucca, Humboldt Noumea, 77 Co., 33; New New Nye Co., 35 bangalorensis syn O obesus (Rambur), 78 Caledonia Guinea, 26, 35, 38, 76, bellahunisensis, 80 Bulolo, 103: 35; guptai n subsp., 80 Dutch, 38, 103; Gazelle Peninsula, 35; Lae, 53, 103: New Britain, 35, New 103; 38, Ireland, Wau, 35; West, 31, 95 New Hampshire, Durham, 33 New Hebrides: Ambryn, 77; Espiritu Santo feae, 38, 57 103; 35, 38, Hog brunnetis ktishtvahai n subsp., 80 jormosantis, 37, 43, 57, 84, 90 7, garambae, 76 Island, giriensis n sp., 80 Harbor, 78 gtirdaspurensis 75 liainanensis 78, 90 , New Jersey, 32, 33, 24, 100: Retictditermes 99, , sp winged active many March 11, 1966, 34; swarms prevalent and numbers higher in 1965 than 1964, 32; termites week ending areas, rank no with New 45; New New PCOs Zealand, 90, 92: horae n later icitts, 85 termites in plantations, maesodensis n North Island, 35, 92 York, 1 Nassau Co., 33 York Zoological Society Tropical Research mathadi obestis, 4, 6, Co., 39; flai/ipes Guilord swarms Fayetteville, Co., 1965, 100, orissae syn O obestis Reticttlitermes paralatigtila n sp., in April; R virginus in June, paraoblongatits n Newton late proformosantis n Commission, 28; swarms R flavipes 1965 March through May, 32; Wake Co., R swarms in April 1965, March rcdemanni, 45; Emmons Co., Eastern, 44, 45; 45 75 sp., 75 sp., sp., 32 spp 19 35, 52, 89 stidanensis, 38 McKenzic N.W., 44, takensis n sp., 75 ytinnanensis n odor trail, 5, 13, 75 8, 28, 45, 51 So Africa distribution 1966, 33 34 North Dakota, 44, 83, 100, loi: Billings Co., 44, Co., Central, 44, 45; Slope Co., S.W., (Rambur), 78 (Rambur), 78 parvidens, 19, 67 Grove, 39; Orange Co., 32; Structural Pest Con- flavipes 81 var octdattis syn O obesus loi: Cumberland infestation school system 1966, 33, 35; trol sp., 10, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 35, 36, 11, 38, 50, 55 56, 57 62, 65 79, 81 North Carolina, 24, 27, 28, 32, 99, 33; 75 , mia-odentatus n Center in British Guiana, North America, 77, 83, 99, 100 Co., sp., n sp., 81 meturensis 81 : Cleveland 80 \apiiri n sp., 80 as pests, 31 list sp., horni, 62, 79 sp., 69, 70 83 map, 42 — , SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 78 100, loi: Cincinatti, Hamilton Co., 33; Cleveland, 98; Darke Co., 39; Franklin Co., 33; Hamilton Co., 33; Kent, 31, 99; Loudonville, Knox Co., 32, 100; Morrow Co., 33; southern, Termitariaceae, ectoparasitic fungi, including Termitaria snyderi on Nasiititermes morio A Ohio, new genus late Feb 1966; 1965 May, 34; Wayne Co., 33; WrightPatterson Air Force Base near Fairborn, Greene Wyandot Co., 53; Parathion, organo-phosphate, 72, 86 Comanche Co., 33; Oklahoma 54; Kay Parthenogenesis, 28: Kalotermes beesoni, regular, normal, 6-7; not important in evolution Co., 34; Co., 33; Noble Co., Pa>ne Co., 33, 34; Tillman Co., Grandfield area, 39; Tulsa Co., 34, Tulsa, 34 Ontogenesis, 56 Oogenesis, histochemical data n gen., in, latilabriim Tsai et for tree CO conference, 14 CO equipment directory, 15, 17 P CO News, Los Angeles, California, 22 PCO, 16, P Chen, 84 84 operator, pest control 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 31, 68, 86, 87, 98 Centre Co., 34; Mt Airy, Phila- sinensis n sp., 83 Pennsylvania: sinensis sinensis subsp type, 84 delphia, 53, 100; Pittsburgh, 73 Pentachlorophenol, PCP: soil poison, 26, 72, 73; wood preservative, 88, 89, 90, 91 sinensis sinensis inclinattis n subsp., 84 sinensis sinensis latipedttncuhis n subsp., 84 Oregon, 21, 98, 99, loi: coast, 34; Coos Co., 34; mid-Willamette Valley towns, 34; western sec- Pericapritermes, 55 desaegeri n sp., 76 semarangi, 78 tetraphilus, 78 34 Organophosphorus compounds relative, 86 Oriental "indopaste" India, protective: P Hetcrotermitinac, 83 tion, ter- Odontotermes in wounds, 19 83 sp., observed not 14; assmuthi, 10 45 Fam Rhinotcrmitidae, 83 mintitus n mites, Paste, 4, 8, 55, OpercuUtcrmes de- Paris green, 20 Co., 33 34, 86, loi: termitaria type nous fungi, 60 to Oklahoma, Sylviacollaea, Dominican Republic, 60; Zygomycetes, Entomophthorales, Entomophthora, entomogescribed, peak swarming mid to April 152 17, 72: toxicity, zoogeographical region, 45, 78, 79, 81 Oscillation, 13, 70 Oxygen, 46, 57, 60 Peru, 36, 01 Pest control, Hawaii, Pest control industry, 16: ket for pesticides, number Australia, 20, amount size, 74; business, mar- statistics 74; firms, 20, United States, 74 Pesticides, 54, 59: cost testing, 86; directory, 17; disposal surplus 16, and empty containers, 87; number hazard, 20, 24, 86, 87; misuse, 86, 87; respira- genera and species, 31, 41; West, 36, 41, 76, 81, 94, Pishin, 82 tory devices for protection against, 86; safe use Pakistan, 36, 74: list of species, 31; Palacarctic zoogeographical region, 45, 102 name, address, 16, 17 See also Fumigants; Insecticides Palau Islands, Koror Island, 78 Pests, Paleozoic termites worst in as, world, cause 250- million-dollar annual loss in the U.S., 28 Panama, Canal Zone, 88, 89, loi, Barro Colorado Island, 62, 79, loi 78, 79, 103 Paraneotermes simplicornis, 32, 33 Parasites, 50, 59-60, 61: Absidia 60; 4, changes in Pheromones, Papuan zoogeographical region, Paraguay, Tacuru Pucu, 85 Aspergillus pH, tivity termites, Papua, 26, 38, 103 giensis, 16, 86, 87; suppliers, of, soil in Burma due to vital ac- 52 "social hormones," chemical 12, 13-14: alarm, 13, 14, 70; signals, chemical identity, 14; control of castes, 11, 12, 13-14; control in organization insect societies, 13, 69; determine coerulea, 60; fungus, 59; Bacillus thurinDiplocystis zootermopsidis n sp., fiavtis, gregarine, 60; Dipterous larva distorts head types soldiers Acanthotermes acanthothorax castes, regulate activity colony, 12, 14, hormones, 12; influence 69; ecto- development poly- morphism, 69; influence endocrine system larvae and nymphs, 14, 69; inhibitory, sexspecific in replacement reproductives, 7, 12, 14, some have incompletely developed mandibles, 60; entomophilic nematodes, 60; Entomophthora 69; involved in supplementary reproductive de- coronata, sponses, 13-14; responses, categories, chemical fungus, 60; schizophyte, 60; Phorid Paracoleomitus fly grassei, larva distorts soldier head Bellicositermes hellicosus, in form myiasis, 60; Pyemotcs mites, potential parasites, 60; velopment, 13, communication, 14, 69; nine categories of re- 13-14; responsible for social regulation colony, 13-14, 69; scent-trail, 14, 69; sex in superorganism, 69; signal, pheromone — , NO 179 chemical, olfactory or oral, 13, 14; soldier con- Population, 11, 12, 61: Coptotermes acinaciformis Nasutitermes exitiosus, 69; stimulating, tree nest, 61, jrenchi, 61, spp., 61; fluctuations trolling, 69; "surface," of gland pheromone" "trail 14; on 5th secretion Zootermopsis sternite nevadensis leads termites to follow trail, 69; "scent" pheromones isolated, Nasutitermes trail exitiostts soldier, characteristics, 69, 70; volatile, temperature, 61 69 14' Philippine Islands, 10, 37, 38, 44, 57, 95, 96, 105: Baguio City, 49; key to termites, 83; list of terLuzon, 82, Manila, Culi Culi, 81; Mindanao, 81; Negros Island, 82 mites, 32, 83; Ph}letic cockroaches and termites, morphology of proventriculus, relationships: 46, comparative female genitalia, comparative 45, oviposition 8, 45, 57, 60, termitinae, 76, 77, 80, 82: Macro- phylogenetic 50; Kaloter- study, Physiology, 28, 60-61: endocrine phenomena, 60; development of polymorphism of ter- mites, 61 7, 72, 98 Porotermitinae, 55 Portugal, 10, 31, 35 37, 38, 65, 102, 103 Postelectrotermes n gen., 77, 78 n sp., 81 praecox, 77 tongyaii, 74 in base, oil Plastics: cellulose esters, 89; polyethylene, 42, 66, polythene, resistance, 61-62: Predators, 87; 66, foam, polyurethane 89; 42; Australia, (field) tests Paltothyretis Africa, 10, South Queensland, Australia, species resistant espe- species of by the addition of a nylon coating, 89, species feeding polyvinyl (laboratory) tests non-toxic mineral properties, 66, tricresyl to plastic reduces of Island, sus- 61, 62 without affecting physical polyvinyl chloride plasticized phosphate more termite resistant than phthalate hard silica plasticized or zircon flour 89; 87, addition Australia, filler ceptibility to termites chloride, tests of material; fillers addition increases resistance, re- Czecho- slovakia, 66, 67 Pliotermes, fossil, Plumber's torch, used when of Mastotermes, 48 drilling, 23 Plywood, termite-proof through glue 90; Poison wood in Australia, anatomy of brain, comparative, in relation to, 56; development under influence pheromones and factors nourishment, 69; physiolog)' of development of, 60; social 11: 45: of symbiotic 62; 17 muscid, robber, Reduviidae Tegea flies, Hemiptera: 62; 61-62; lizards, India, 62; atropicta, mammals, India, 62; mites, 60, 61; pseudoscorpion, Calo- 62; n snake, sp., 61; rat, white-bellied, India, Leptotyphlops 18, 11, U.C.L.A., , 62; rosei, Africa, toads, narrow- 62 flagellates, 21, 27, 73: 40, field laboratory 72; tests, tests, poisons, U.C.L.A., 16; midwest United 26; Washington, D C, 19 Procapritermes, albipcnnis n sp., longignathus n sp., prosetigcr n sp., Procryptotermes, corniceps, 77 dhari n ?p., 80 jalcijcr n sp., control of, 69 Polysaccharides, India, dragonflics, India, 21 86 9, 62, Colorado line poisons, Polyethylene waterproof membrane, 15, 18, 21 Polymorphism, India, Barro on winged termites in house, Calcutta, India, 61: control by cockroaches not feasible, 62; poisons, effective — Canal Zone, Panama, 62; cockroaches, 62, Periplaneta americana preyed Prctrcatment, not birds winged, doli- common of nests of —India, preservative treatment, 21, 91 baits, 80% 10; on mouthed Breviceps Poison Control Centers, 86, 87 Poisoning by insecticides, 87: few adults, 86; most important children, 86; practical hazard misuse, 63 termites, cheiridiits synonym Belgian used to protect structural timbers in warehouses, cialh' than Bellicosi- Africa, 62, Congo, 62, important check termites in tropics, 10, India, list of, 62, Madras, myrmicine ants more sistance, {Typhlopone) with soldier battle termes natalensis, choderine ants occupy with Dorylus ants Rollingstone, polyethylene sheathings on cables 90; Mississippi, 89 life, Powderpost termites, 27 61, and pyrethrins, butoxidc control mites, Hawaii, 61 89; map, 42 So African distribution dentifrons on Bellicositermes natalensis, Africa, Piedmont region, Piperonyl qiiadricollis , 53 Posts, treated, length mitidae, 60, 78 the adamsoni, 7-8, 21, 36, 37, 61, 84 hhimi behavior, 45 Phylogenesis, Porotermes temperature favorable, 84 Phototactic: negatively, 47; positively, 47 of and movement mound Trinernervitermes ebenerianiis, numbers per acre, 57, 61; Mao'otermcs mound, 57, 61; Odontotermes obesus, 57; Porotermes adamsoni tree nest, 61; South American termite million, 10; varies with krishnai, 77 speiseri, 77 77 83 75 75 soil soil States, , , SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS i8o keys to soldiers grandiceps, militaris, spiniger, Proatbitermes, 85 76 Proniirotermes, pygmaetis laticeps var militaris, 76 n sp., full grown larvae, Kalotermes 69 nymph-like stage performs duties workers, Pseudergates, perezi, 77 large Proiliinotermes, Pseudocapritermes 82 sliiva n sp., , 14 inopinatus, 41 tihiaoensijormis n sp., jontanelltis n sp., 74 79 parasylvatictis n sp., 75 Protermes, pr ore gens, 85 Protoblattoids, 62-63, 64, 68: cytochemical studies, 8, defaunation 63; 76 76 spp., Proneotermes, 77, 78 Protozoa, VOL 152 flagellate, 62; differentiation genera earlier than Kalotcrmitid, 63; digestion enzymes of Heterotermes indicola, 63; effect of insect hormones on flagellate, 62; flagellates of Rostronympha, 62; and Holomastigotoides order Trichomonadida, flagellate Sphaerocystis gregarine keys to, from tcnnitis 63; Capri- til{adari, n sp., 80 Pseudoworker, 64, 80, 81, 82: longevity of temperature and humidity on, 47; performs duties of true worker in effects nymph Kalo- termitidae, 68 Pterotermes, 78 Puerto Rico, 74, 77, 102 Purdue W University, Indiana, Lafayette, Conference, Pest Control 17: 17 Pyrenees, Kalotermes flavicollis stops 42 at, termcs incola, India, 62; gregarines from noncyclops Spectilitermes termite x>lophagous Dharwar, India, 63; Hypermastigida, 63; immunological response between flagellates sinhalensis termite, roach, in India, 63; 77; live termitis (fam sp n Clevclandellidac incola), mode 63; hcterotrichous in oxygen ciliate Capritermes Indian transmission, India, 63, world, 63; ' flagellates, rectal gen., n list symbiotic in Kalotermitidae, 63, sac, 63; Metacleielandella list in 62; rabbit, number, 63; toxic to, 46, 60; Quaternary, Queens 5, Coptotermes jormosaniis, havilandi, mound primary increasing oviposition 11; obestis, 10, saccharides of symbiotic flagellates, 63; size, n sp in flagellate Caloteimes grams, in Liberia 35.5 digestion wood, 40: Polymastigida, 62, 63; polystatistics, by 57 11; 6, magnetic 80, compass, size, 19; weight 8, 7; Nastititermes ephratae, by, number 6; Odontotermes, 19, queens, kings, 10, See also Coptotermes locating cell in 10; life, Maaotcrmcs, physogastric, colon)', Oxymonas length 11; percentage weight termites, 63; physiology of 63; symbiont, 11; symbiont formations, 51 soil 11, 51, 55, 56, 57, 58, 64, 75, 77, 82: Egg laying one in haditis? , 6, size, 10, spp., rate by chilensis cliilensis, 63; symbiosis in Heterotermes longiceps, 62: Stepha- nonympha termes calotermitis n sp., flagellate in Calo- chtlensis, flagellates in 63; temperatures lethal for Calotermes chtlensis, 62; Tricho- monas gigantea, function of centrioles in re63; Trichonympha collaris, cen- production, trioles of, 63 See also Flagellates Racket, 63, 71: termite business legalized racket ing a racket in California, 63 Radiation, reduce 64-65, fertility, atomic 88: wastes gradually 23, 64; biological influence ex- posure to Co"", longevity, egg lading, production Psammotermes becom- in California?, 63; termite industry not soldier caste fluence, 64; control decreased, formula for by atomic wastes ""Co, in""Sr, Africa, 64; radioactive isotopes, 64; radiobiological ex- Kalahari, 42 periments, 64; roentgen dosages, 64-65; Sudan, jtiscojemoralis, 44 Algeria, Radioactive ships hybostoma, 62 India, 80 in phosphorus, food exchange relationCtibitermes jtingijaber traced Radioisotopes: food exchange by, 64 relationships in Cryptotermes brevis traced by, 64; desert areas, 44 rajasthanictis, 44, 80 Pseitdacanthotermes 50 , biology spp Tanganyika, 76 habitats, wood properties changed by gamma-radiation, 64 76 harrisensis n sp., 40, 50, 83 and cobalt differences in action, strontium 23, 64 Rearing, 65: asbestos cement containers, 65; birch tongue blades termitaries, 9; Felcourt Research Laboratories, Sussex, England, controlled conditions, 65; glass plates, 65; historical, Jucci- Grasse tube, Liischer plate-type termitarium, 65; — i8i NO infested board covered with glass sheet in water, obestis, fungus comb helps colony development, Respiration termites, Remodeling soil with include termite atmospherics, poisoning, less costly, drain- atmospherics, age, cross ventilation, vapor barrier, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26 woods, 89; fungus, end products, resistant 50 69: 61, terranean termites, castes, types sub- in of, primary, macropterous, 11, secondary, replacement, or supplementary, 3, 8, 14, 46, 60, 64, apterous, 11, brachypterous, 11; developed from workers, 10; elimination egg production secondary pairs decreased with fewer supporting workers, 60; longevity secondary pair increased with in12; bers, 46: correlation the impulse higher 46; 6, of intensity frequency with 51; ratio of caste-member 6, of minimum and carbon dioxide in nest of a colony, use and care, 86; gas masks, 86; number supporting workers, II, 10, 60; num- 57; polygamous, 11; primary, 9; replacement, 12, 14, 69; 6, 8, 10, 56, 57; substitute, 10; supplementary, 9, 10, 12, 69 size, Residue, 49, 72, 86: 25-26, 71, 72, colorimetric test, by bio-assay 74, chemical system, 72, soil check termiticide residues, 71 test kit to PAN Resistant fiber cloth, thetic fiber Nos and 5, 4, 6, syn- cloth resistant to subterranean ter- 77 arenincola, chinensis, 6, 37 leptomandibtdaris n clypeattis, 66, curvatus n damage sp., 77 woods, to ssp., 77 77 3, 4, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37,38,39, 42 distribution genus, 75 European, 7, 9, 23, 60, 65, 77 67 flaviceps, 6, 11, flavipes, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 23, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 51, 53, 58, 72, FHA-developed of canisters, 26, 27, 34, 47, 49, 65, 68, 73 5, 7, , affinis n sp., measure, to analysis, soil life of pesticides, 86; precautions, 86 list Reticulitermes Reproductives, creased in Respiratory devices, 4, 8: respirators, limitations, Repellents, 40, 88: directory 1966, 17; extractives of, changes control, buildings, pretreatment 9, II, 65, 66, 67, laboratory, 65, 66, field, tests, 67, 68; tropical, 65 India culturing, 65; Petri dishes, Portugal, 65 from 67; Odontotermes laboratory 65; 59, 60, 71, 73, 83, 85 grandis n sp., 77 hageni, 39, 51 Hesperus, 24, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 51, 60 labralis n sp., mites Odontotermes spp for 16 months, India, 77 longicephalus n sp., 83 67 lucifugus, 6, 7, 9, 10, 25, 30, 31, 32, 35, 37, Resistant plants, 65: millet, Italian in India, 65 38, 42, 44, 46, 47, 51, 60, 62, 65, 66, 67, Resistant plastics, 66, 68 70, 77, 90 woods, 65-68: Africa, Ethiopia, 66, Tanganyika, 65, West, 65; Australia, 65, 66, 67, Acacia harpophylla, brigalow, 66, Callitris Resistant intratropica, cypress pine, 66, eucalypts 67, gum, iron barks, spotted gum, white mahogany, wandoo; non-eucalypts: turpentine, var santonensis , 46, 55, 58, 65, 77 santonnensis , santonensis, 13, 22, 43, 59 saraswati n sp., 80 jarrah, red brush-box, grandis, pine, cypress microcorys, teak, 21, wood, tallow 66, Eucalyptus 66, 66, Australia, Eucalyptus marginata, jarrah, E redunca and Acacia acuminata, jam, 66, Achras zapota, Central America, 66, relative resistance 10 species Eucalyptus, China, 66; Callitris Fraxinus coltimellaris, chinensis, 67; 50, 67; Cotylelobium melanoxylon, 65; Czechoslovakia, 66, 67; Diptocarpus sp., 65; exotic woods, heartwood, 67; extractives, chemical cause resistance, 67; Fitz- roya cupressoides, France, 67; list tropical woods, 65; Germany, 65, 67, 68; India, 65, 66, 68; Indonesia, 65; passia malaccnsis, Khaya 65; anthoteca, 65; longevity Koom- Heterotermes indicola in sawdust, 66, 68; Machilus sp., 67; Sequoia dendron giganteum, 67; sp., 12, 13, Shorea 65; Shorea stenoptera, 65; Spain, 67; sp., Tectona grandis, 65, 66, 67; Ternstroemia gymnothera, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 44, 45 eastern United States, 7, 33, 34, 39, 44, 75 Tectona 67, Western 67, speratus, 12, 37, 40, 43, 53, 84 spp., 7, 10, II, 33, 34, tibialis, 7, 90 33, 34, 35, 44, 45, 5i, 53, 83 virginicus, 31, 33, 34, 59, 60 Reviews and abstracts, Rhadinotermes 68 n gen., 82 coarctatus (Sjostedt) n comb., Rhinotcrmitidae, 8, 12, 40, 41, 42, 43, 51, 56, 58, 75,78,82,83 Rhode Island: Saunderstown, Washington Co., 32; swarms R flavipes common mid-March to late May 1965, 32, 33 Rodcnticidcs, 17, 86 Rotten wood termites, 27 Rubber Research Rubber Ryukyu trees, Inst., 28 Islands, 43, 95 Malaya, 14 ; , SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS l82 VOL 152 Shorea, resistant wood, rohnsta, 24 St Helena, 102: Jamestown, 42 West Saint Vincent Island, Salmalia wood used Indian nialaharica, Odontotermes of incidence seasonal 65 sp., Sandy Bay, 79 Indies, to test obestis, Salvador, El, Volcan dc Santa Ana, Dept Santa \na, 77 stenoptera, 65 Siam See Thailand Silica, Social Sarvaritermes n gen society: mite 35, 75 Saudi Arabia, 77, 102: Jidda, 82 Scent See Odor trail man unit entity, termite a can reason, power to choose, guided by mechanical, instinct, among society 12; of, ter- 8-9; 7, man, individual independent, Society, among 78 insects, 8, 10, Sodium pcntachlorophenatc, intermedins, 21 n sp., by man and insects comparison 8; homeostatic regulation trail Schedorhinotermes magniis among colony life: superorganism, sp., attack termites, 20, 27 Sardinia, 31, 37, 103 faveolus n prevents dust aerogel 89: 87, drywood 83 Soil: poison, soil 72, 73 analysis chemical content, bioassay, 25, 26, rectangiihris n sp., 74 72, 74, chemical, 72; arthropods of forest floor, tiwarii n sp., 82 7; clay, 28, 72, 74; effect termites on, 5, 9, 52; Paracoleomitns grassei, 60 Schizophyte, parasite, Secretions, Termitidae, pheromones alarm 68-70: 13 Australia, 70; Amino acids, in free, formations Quaternary, 51; insects, 74; laterite, moisture, 7, 48; from egg, worker, soldier Coptotermes formo13, 68; coumarin-like substance from ships santis, 52, Nastttitermes, Australia, 69; defensive in Nastiti- termites ternies exitiostis may be unsaturated terpene-like hydrocarbons, 69 70; ejection, for defense, 11, 69, 70; cxohormone of queen honeybee, 69; may nasutins substance be antibiotic, 69, 70; odor sternal in gland trail, Zootermopsis nevadensis and Nastttitermes corniger, 69, 70; seal hole or crack, Cryptotermes havilandi, 1 scent-trail in Nasutitermes terpenes 70; 69, Australia, tions, 69, volatile soldiers, Australia, Nastttitermes in soldiers, component defensive secre- 70 Sense organs 69, 70-71: antcnnal olfactory reZootermopsis angiisticoUis, 46, 70; ceptors, chordotonal systems, 56; ontogenesis innervation antennal sense organs, 55, 56; peripheral, gland, sternal 55; 55, organ in Zootermopsis sandy, and 72, 25, mineral application equipment, 28, 47, 71-74, 90: hydrocarbons, chlorinated 72: inactivated by to 17, 20; 21: how FHA 28; leaching, hazard, fire standards how 17; mix, list of, than effective methods of termites, 71 rods, 72; residual caused Shell DD, b\' changes in wood, poplar Microcerotermes edentatus, 46 insecticide, 14 estimating 74, rodding, injector, northeast Georgia, reasons for, 71: metal bar- tive, 71, 86; 71: small 16, effectiveness, alone, in limitations, treated accumulation rate 17, residues, 72; soils 20, 26, 73-74; in 73, 74: 27, soil for penetra- 23, 72, 73, factors FHA-developed, check termiticides, residues, how to use, 71; Africa South, 74, West, 25, Australia home Riverina, 72, U.C.L.A., f^eld, 72, laboratory, 72, Panama, field, Shields, caps, 14, 16, 20, 22, 71, 86: ineffective in riers, II, 25, of, tests, Sexuals, functional, 28, replacement, chemical lead mixed with dieldrin more insecticides 72, prctreatment 72; 73; tion by, 71, persistence in, to Shavings, use 17; odor masking, 17; to, 17, BHC 55 may for guarantee by PCOs, 16; influence, 73; soil test kit, 16: 7, 26, long effective, 17, 24, 25, 27, 71, 72, organophosphorous, Illinois, Sex differences, 17; 73, 74; in prctreatment slabs, treat drains, 73: 74, 65 24, iron oxide dye mix, 71; emul- ment with red 73, Setaria italica, Italian millet resistant to termites, 52; 74; detection place- sions, 17, 21, 25, 71, 73; faulty drains 72, marcescens, 22, 21, 17, soils, 16, angtisticollis, perception Serratia, 4, soils, 22, 51; treatment, require less insecticide, 72 soils 26, 72, antenna worker Reticiditcrmes flaripes, 71 tea 74; Soil poisons, baits, dusts, repellents, 17, 22, 26, 27, 20, 55, 70, 71; thin-walled sensory pegs on 28; prcconstruction, 17, 18, 19, 54, 72, 74; tropical, 26, 52; types soil, muck most absorbent, 72; 19, 70; peat, tropical soils, 5, 38, 73, soil stratification, 18, 69, 58-59; 56, between termites and 56; subgenual 56, of vibration, located in dorsal blood-space of the tibia, 51-52, penetration by chemicals, 22 71, 72; relation- no longer considered construction, in, 71 effec- 23, field, 73, field, 72, 88-89, Florida, 25, Mississippi, California, 73, Canal Zone, field, field, 71, 73, India, 73; treat- ment 17, 18, 20, 73, 74; trenching, 17, 22, 23; waterlogged soils could not be penetrated until pressure relieved, 24; wells, from application, 17, 20, 27 minimum distance INDEX NO Soldiers, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 41, 46, 47, 50, 51, 55, 183 Subiditermes, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, hainesi Fuller in 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84: differentiation, 12, sp., 69; 14, dimorphic in Termitinae, 75; percentage 12; workers develop into, 7, 11 in colonies, 6, Sound, tapping with body, 13; tapping 13, 74: 8, with head, 74 South Africa See Africa South America, 10, 19, 76, loi South Carolina, 4, 54, South Dakota, loi: 33: 98, loi: Tyndall, 9, 67; Peninsula, n gen., fossil, costalimae n 48 sp., Islands, homeostasis, air-conditioning, 8; termite colony tion, Canary 9; sp., intestinal, 80 to disturbances, 69, 74 termitinae, 50; exteriorisation of in Termitidae, 81 8; keys to Oriental workers, 81 n sp., 40, 62, 63; joeniid flagellate, 63; 4, Symbiosis, double, fungus and bacteria in Macro- 81 sp., swarm Flight, relation to hosts, 8; transmission, 63 paivai n subsp., 80 specificity of, with 8; intestinal flora and fauna, Synhamitermes 81 75 , relation to Indotermes, 74 sp., whole a as social Symbionts, 47, 62-63: cellulose digesting, 4, 40, 62, 63; flagellate (Protozoa), 40, 62-63, 77; sinhalensis n subsp., 63, 81 deccanensis deccanensis n macrodentatus reacts in termite, 69; Switzerland, 102 76 sp., pheromones sex Africa, 42 rongrensis n subsp., 80 goesswaldi n 8; Survey, 41, 75, 88: national survey Isoptera So 48 Cyclops Cyclops, 81 dharwarensis n 76, desert, Sulfuryl fluoride See Vikane Swarm See sp., of, 26, 36, 38, 40, 44, 50, 83, 93, Dongola-Nile reach, 38; Khartoum Prov., 94: Kateman swamp forest, 78 Superorganism, 9: entire colony regarded as, 9; features of nest equally important in classifica- Homme Bon Speculitermes, 81, 85 chadaensis n Sudan, Republic as, Spargotermes 82 Co., Piedmont region, White River, Mellette Co., 34 Isles, n gen., Sumatra, 37: East, 75; Fort de Kock, 82; Labuan Badjau, Simalur Is., 82; Southern east coast, Southern Building Code Congress, Spain, 90, 102: Balearic E aucallot er mes ceylonicus , 81 80 colombensis n 81 sp., quadriceps 81 triangularis n sp., 81 , Spectrometry, 13 Syntermes, Spermatogenesis, Odontotermes redemanni 28 sp., 19, 35 Syrphid larvae in , Spinitermes, trispinosus , 53 Systematics, nests, 8, 80, 81 Spraying, 19, 21, 24, 27, 38, 73: from ground, 17; residues in soil of DDT and DDE in aerial 1963, Md., 73; use of aircraft, 19 S.S.R., see U.S.S.R test circle in Sterilization: eggs, chemically, zephiran, 59; ers, antifungal, work- methyl parahydroxy benzoate, 59; workers, bactericides, partially effective, 59 70 Sterol, 13, Stolotermitinae, 55 Stylotermes, 81 sp., 3, 6, 9, 13, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 32, 40, 42, 47, 49, 50> 57) 59> 60, 62, 71, 72: attractancy tests, 3; 1 20, 21, 22, 25, California, 28, 29, 30, ; 17, queen in castes, types of in, 11; incidence, Tauritermes n gen., 77, 78 Tax deductions See Losses Taxonomy, 68, 74-84 Macrotermes keys to major soldiers, termites, methods identification, il- lustrated keys, 75, 83 Subterranean termites, ground termites, China, Odonto- Tarpaulins, tarps, 49: coated Nylon, 49 African Stylotermitinae, 79 16, absent Cryptotermes havi- 79 Stylotermitidae, 75, 76 damage, 3: termes assmuthi, 47 Africa, chakratensis n control, behavior, tatirocephalus, 77 Structural Pest Control Board, 16, 28, 29, 30, 63 10, Tandem landi, 47; present Cryptotermes brevis, Stage, Stadia, 5, 64 Hawaii, wood 1 ; 26, 32, 27, 38; 39; in reproductive destroying, seasonal African Nasutitcrmitinac, 82 Brazil, sp Dihoplotermcs intisitatiis n gen., n case dimorphic soldier in Ter- first mitinae, 75 Burma, Capritermcs oricntalis n sp., 79 Odonotermes paralatigula n sp., 75 Europe, Rcticulitcrmes spp separated by morphological and biological differences, 77 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Haviland, type history, India, localities, destructor 77 Ampoulitermes wynaadensis n.g., flavicollis n Eremotermes, revised, 81 Microcapritermes iplosus n.g., n sp., morio Fab sp., 79 revision of, 79 su/^nensis n sp., 79 sp., Termite 84 Termite, giant cacao, Neotermes Synhamitermes, 81 20, key to Order Isoptera, 6, 83 southwestern termites, 79 25, 27, 83 cost housing in humid 87, 89, new gen- dichloro ethane, soil poison, 73 Tectona grandis, teak, resistant wood, 65, 66, 67, 89, 91 — At + Dt, 43, 84; 84; formula distribution to de- termites hot lethal, 9, 49, castes, 84; development on 85; in temperate zone, 57, 85; in tropics, 57, 85; in optimum, 85; in nest, regulation, 50, 57, 84; population varies with termite insulates and colony, vice versa, 61; 84; vibration causes drop, 7, 8, 84 Tennessee, 86, 99: Oak Fab ', poisons, 16, 14, wood 76: 27, as drywood, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32; preservation food, 47, 7, dampwood, 48; 3, 23, 3, 20, 22, 23, 26, emergence dates, like earthworms fungus-growing, fluorescent, 10; in 3, tropics, 38, 50; function 9; aerate soil, harvester, 39, 40, 61; living in forest trees, 7, 8; II, 27, 10; 38, mound- 21, 22, 32, 40, 51, 56, 57, 61; nurseries, 21, 61; scavengers, 7, 10, 19; seasonal cycle, 6, 9; sterile, 5; subterranean, 3, 9, 11, 13, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 32, 35 38, 39 40 42 47 49 50, 57, 59, 60, 62, 71, 72; summary 8, 21, 22, 61, 84, 85, of life, 7; tree nesting, carton-building, 6, 11, 12, 31-32 Termiticide, insecticide See Soil poisons Termitidae, 8, 14, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 56, 70, 74,75,76,77.78.79, 81,83 Tcrmitinae, 55, 76, 77, 79: East African, 83; two Ridge, 31 tetraethyl pyrophosphate, insecticide, 72, 86 Termes, 55, 76 5, beneficial, 52; biology, 6-1 1; building, Temperature, 46, 88, 90: buffering effect trees, 84; cold lethal, 9, 85: Coptotermes acinacinorthernmost soil 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, 40, 42, 49, 52, 54; bicornis n sp., 77, 78, 81 trees, low- tropics, 22; plastics, 66, 90; pretreating with Termite(s), phylogeny, protozoa, Bicornitermes in See also Vapor 41 21, 86; timber, 21 See also n spp., 78, Kalotermitidae generic revision, jormis colonies physical, 18, 19, 20, 26, 72, 73; solid foundation, 25, 31, Kalotermcs, revised, 81 dichloro-diphenyl 26 barriers; insulation, 30, 31, 32, 66, 89, 90; eastern, Retictditermes, 75 era, sp., Termite-proofing, 23: barriers, 15, 25, chemical, Thailand, 74 United States, 76, 83 World, Glyptotermes 7, 9, 10, 11; chemical analysis earth and runways, 13; colonies, vitality, factors to measure, 9, 10; distribution, Hawaii, Maui 1963, 6, 34, 44; secretions, 68 Spectditermes, 76, 80, 81 arda 23 Ashkhabad, Conference 30, 31, 32, 34, 41, 43, 53, 54, 64, 84: biology, species:, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, Neotermes, 81 TEPP, in laterite, 48; Turkmenia, formed October, i960, 51 Termite, Formosan, Coptotermes jormosanus, 13, Indotermes, 81 tree States, birch of 56; 9; destruction U.S.S.R., Orient, nest, Neocene fossil underground, Termite belt United North American termites, 77 keys to winged and soldiers, 77, 79, 83 influence mounds, 85: 57, by an ant, 61; 80 for, Calcaritermes n spp., 77 Pt 52, tongue blades, laboratory studies, Neotropical, termine testaceus (Linn.), 12 Termitaria, 79 n spp., 75, 79, 80, 81 study of needed, 24 measurements, standards TDE, = Captotermes Terminalia helerica, 24 Terminix: of Cleveland, Ohio, 19; of Memphis, Tenn., 23 jalpaigurensis n sp., 79 new 75 84 Nasutitermes, 80 sp., sp., meridionalis (Frogg.), 37 mordax Fab.?, 84 79 Indian region, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82 Hospitalitermes, revised, 79 thanensis n nigriceps Fab =: Kalotermes flavicollis (Fab.), 84 huayangensts n sp- 79 Odontotermes ^ Nasutitermes (Hald.), 84 World, 80 heckeri n Fab VOL 152 types soldiers in, 75 Termitomyces, basidiospores introduced by workers in forag- 84 ing, 50 NO 185 chemical analysis, 13 conidia food as Psocoptera, Africa, Liposcelis bostrychophilus Reticulitermes of Thysanura, larvae, 59 role in termitarium, sp., termitophilus n subsp., Lepinotus, 85 Atelurinae, Neatelura yella- fiavipes purensis, India, 85 50 Thysanura, 13 Termopsidae, 12, 40, 43, 51 reproductive capacity, 50 Termitophiles, commensals, inquilines, 11, 76, 6, Testing: coordination Testis, king, 28 Africa, Tenotrombictila minteri, n.g., n sp., 85 Tests, 88 field, China, lirdvi, resistance, 85 arboreal in termites' Xiphorhynchus nest, picus, 67, plastics, 89, wood, 90, soil, with 72, Gulfport: ground board, stakes, 73, State ColRico, in Panama, Canal Zone, 88-89, Univ 74, Los California, Angeles, 72 wood Coleoptera, beetles, feather-wing beetles Xenopteryx setosus, n gen., n sp., sp., posts, 85 plastics, 89, 90; sheathings, 89; glue, India, 91; Collembola, fiber n 91; bamboo fiberboard, 91; plywood, 90, 91; cables, Rollingstone, Queensland, 89, 90; stakes, Mississippi, 88, Panama Canal Zone, U.S., 88, 89; veneer and 85 trinervoidis chipboards, 91; wood, 91; Termitonasus n gen., 85 Termitohospes, 85 n gen., preservatives: bagasse bales, 91; board, hardboard, 91; India, 92, in "graveyard" plot, 89, 91, in termite mounds, 91; laminated 85 Staphylinidae, rove beetles, Trinervitermes New Australia, 74, Sutton, 72, China, 22, Florida, 73, India, 25, 26, Mississippi, 71, 73, Puerto termites U.S and tropics, 85 Termitognathus Zyras heckjeri n South, Georgia, 71, lege: stakes, 71, tinga pertinax surinama, 85 commensal Africa, 72, 71, Progne chalybea Troglodytes muscultis and Ara- in sp trinervoides , nest Transvaal, 85 laboratory, wood, China, plates, wood- Czechoslovakia, and species differences related to distribution Trinavitermes, environment, 90 50, 58-59, 88: Africa, 6, 46, 49, 5, Australia, 89; 90, 10; 5, Aus- flies, Termitostroma ivorensis Termitoxeniidae: n sp with Protermes prorepens, physo- gastric adult Phorids, and new and little known Syntermitoxenia So Africa, Odo/itotermex termitoxe- niid, in with Hymenoptera, Diapriidae parasite Termitopria gen n., latericius, sheasbyi sp n., 85 Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Termitococcus, 85 invertebrates, determination, 12, durability teak- wood, extractives, 66, 89, resistant more than 500 67, glue poisons, 90, woods, 66, wood preservatives, wood, 89; 90, plastics, 89, pseudonanna, nests tralia, caste insulation boards, 89, piping, 89, plastics, 66, larva, 85 host termites, 85 species, 7, phorids, 85 Hemiseopsis machadoi n sp termitarium Macrotermes natalensis; psocids, Africa, in cloth, South Wales, 73, Braidwood, 72, Riverina, Araneae, Oonopidae, 85 Cyphoderus 4; relation attack to type soil, 36; soil poisons, Africa, Ptiliidae, 3, poison, dusts, 4; 66, 91, sheathings, cables, Australia, 20; , Arachnida, spiders, Cockroaches Wisconsin, 3, Carolina, Australia, 21, 66, Canton, China, 67, India, United States, T hermocarus nevadiensis 85 nesting South China, 22; insecticides, Brazil, Sao Paulo, 14; , Australia, attractants, 4: 3, bacteria Acotyledon n spp., 85 Anoettis myrmicartim 85 Hypoaspis {Cosmolaelaps) number, ad- lipid 52; to suitability as insecticide diluents, 20 Acarina, mites, Diptera, techniques, powders sorptivity of 85 Birds Ecnomatelura coatoni bristletails, So Africa, 85 striatus, British Honduras, infestation of rotten heartwood, 40; slovakia, resistance, 90, escape Czecho- reaction, 67, 46, 58, 64, loss weight of wood and number termites volved, 65-66; Germany, cides, 88, controlled ity, termites on food severity temperature and humid- resistance materials Proctihitermes? 85 90, resistant selection, test, Seopsis termitophilus n sp in termitarium in- 88, contact insecti- 46, 84, 88, 90, humidity influence 67, wood, 67; Europe, 64; France, resistance, wood, new criterion, plastics, 67, and wood and soil, number 58-59, radiation, 64, 88, preservatives, 32, 88, woods, 65, 67-68, varies with 1 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 86 termite species, and the different parts of stem of wood, India, 65; Kalotermes 64, 50, heesoni, reproduction by parthenogenesis, 6-7, woods, 68, length 86; safety conference, 86; safety in use cides, and fumigants, insecticides health control pest 86, 87; survey 16, by operators U.S Public in Health Service in cooperation with Nat'l Pest sawdust, determines resistance, 65, 68, sub- Control Assoc, by questionnaire, 87; treatments, resistant stitute wood life new reproductives found termites colonies, 10, Mexico, preservatives, hardboards, 91; development, colony Spain, 6; resistant woods, 90, termiticides, wood preservatives, 90; United States, 50, 73, 85, 86, California, U.C.L.A., soil poisons, 72, Hawaii, colony development, Indiana, toxicity of parasites, 9, 60, Pennsylvania, association with fungi, 50, South spore-forming Carolina, Wisconsin, attractants, 71, 3, bacteria, parasites, relationship Reticulitermes flavipes and 4, 60, ants, information on poisoning, 86, 87; treatments, principles of, pesticide accidents, 86 Trail, 13, 69: origin, odor, substance soil poison (1:3 in diesel Houston, 54; Harris Co., 48, Transportation, development and hifor mis, Tak, 75; Tung Sa-Lang Natl Park, Pitsanulok, 74, 75; 20 km east of Mae Sod on Tak Road, Tak, 75; Wang Nok An, Pitsanulok, 74, 75 Thiodan, 73: insecticide, 46 38 ebeneriantis, 26, 57, 61 feeding habits, foraging behavior, 5, 10 foundation colony, 10 geminattts, heimi, 38 nests, distribution, 42, 57 Toxaphene, 86: EC, emulsifiable concentrate, 18; slurry, 22; soil poison, 73 Toxicity, 20, 50, 60: Acorus calamus, 24; alterations in tissues of 87; mammals, 20; comparative, 100% knockdown, 49, 73; poisons, 16, 17, 23, 28, 73 Toxicology, 85-87: antidotes, 86; artificial respira- 85-86; association of pesticides with dis- eases, 87; chlordane, 86, 87; chlorinated hydro- carbons relative, 86 87; deaths due to pesticides in 1962, 86; disposal of surplus pesticides containers, 87; 57 nigrirostris, 56 oeconomtis 57 , rubidtis, 24 82 satidiensis n sp., So Africa distribution sp., map, 42 35, 40, 53 spp., 35, 40 suspensus, 57 tchadensis, 56 W Indies, 41, 53, 79: Arima, 79; Maracas Valley, 77 Trophallaxis, 4: exchange of food in Cryptotermes hrevis traced by radio isotopes, 64; exchange of food in Ctibitermes jungifaher traced by radio Trinidad, termite operator, 27 86, size, trinervoides, 74, 85 Tile, asphalt, drilling, 23 and dispersal, 10 structure, 57 74; Makham, Chantaburi, 75; Muaek Lek, Saraburi, 75; Prew, Chantaburi, 75; Tak, tion, wood carbonaritis , 57 11, 27, 39, 74, 94, 96: sima, soil to 97; Bangkok, 81; Chantaburi, Chantaburi, 75; Huay Yang, Prachuab, 75; Ka-Chong, Trang Prov., 74, 75; Kan Tang, Trang Prov., 75; Khao Yai, Nakhon Rachasima, 75; Klang Dong, Nakhon Racha- 73, added auriterrae, 57 Co., 39; Thailand (Siam), 60, insecticide Trinervitermes, 21, 35, 39, 57 1966, 34 mud TCB: preservative, 90; soil poison, 20 Matagorda Co., 34; Montague Co., 39; Motley Co., 39; San Antonio, Bexar Co., 53, 100; Seguin, Guadalupe Co., R flavipes swarm in several houses, week ending April 15, in Bellicosi- Trichlorobcnzene, distil- 54, of soldier to termes natalensis and changes that occur, 1966, Cooke Co., 34; Floresville, Wilson Co., R flavipes swarm April 15, 1966, 34; Harris Co., worker Transformation, late or creosote), 72, 73 Texas, 100, loi: Bay City, Matagorda Co., 34; R flavipes swarm in house week ending Apr 15, Madison 5, 69, 70 alates, Tetrachlorbenzene, sternal in gland of Zootermopsis and Nasutitermes, 10 TO, VOL 152 fumigation hazards, 87; insecticides, 20, 86; poison control centers, 86, 87; precautions, 16; preventatives, 86; respiratory devices for protection against certain pesti- active phosphorus, 64 Tropics, 10, 30, 58-59, 52, 65, 68, 85, 88, 91, 104, 105: Africa, 22, 35, 56, 57, 85, 93; humid, 68, 104, 105; species of, Tubes, shelter, 7, 21, 31: bridging by Kalotermes, 10; chemical composition, over concrete, bottom, 13, top, 13; fifteen and one-half inches high from ground to floor, 10; over treated wood, 90: photograph of, 10; not over treated masonry voids, 90: stalagmite, 21; stalactite, Tvpes, termites, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, '84 INDEX NO u 187 Uralotermes, fossil, permiantis not a termite, in Protorthoptera, Ukraine, 25, 31, 102: South, 30, 38, 42, 43, 102 Ultraviolet light, g UNESCO, symposium termites in humid tropics, 105 religion, use of termite manure and cattle flowers U.S Department of Agriculture, 22, 24, 87 hotiilloni, Union Soviet 77 U.S National Socialist Republics, U.S.S.R., Russia, 23, 25, 27, 51, 102, 103: Caucasus, 42; Central Transcaspia, Asia, Turkmenia, 102, 9, Ash- khabad, 21, 42, 51; Cherson, 31; distribution termites, 41, 42; European, 41, 42, 75, 102; Golodnaya 25, 61, Museum, U.S.N.M., Washington, 26 Cedar Utah: monton Iron City, Co., Box Elder area Garland-Tre- 32; Cache Co., 33; Logan, 33; Ogden area, Weber Co., 33; Salina, Sevier Co., 34; Sandy, Salt Lake Co., 34 Co., steppe, 19, 102; importance termites, Nikolajew, Odessa, 31; S.S.R., 31; 23, 102, 103; Ukraine, 25, 31, 102, south, 30, 38, 42, 43, 102 United and arts mounds mixed with of sulfur in tea culture, 87 Unguitermes, 30; 48 Uses in industry, States, U.S., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 18, Vapor membrane, sion rate Vi 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 40, 49, 50, 52, if 53> 54> 59 60, 62, 64, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 85, Vector, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 97, 98, 99, 100, loi: Alabama, 32, 34, 39, 52, 97, 100, loi; Arizona, 9, 32, 77, 99, 100; Arkansas, 32, 53, 100; Cali- perm, 25; vulnerable termite, red ring disease Veneer, wood preservative treatment, 21, 91 Vestigial, characters, 45 32, 76, 34, 33, 100; 98, movement movement, in- movecauses 100; Georgia, 63, 71, 99; Hawaii, duction effect 74; 13, 13, 70; convulsive on temperature drop, 11, 27-28: in termites, vertical ossillary 20, 39, 47, 48, 49, 53, 54, 73, 77, 97, 98, 99, 9, 18, Carolina, 27 Vibration: classes of ment, 6, VA, Administration, spection form, 15; inspection report, 16; North 99; eastern, 10, 27, 46, 75, 98, 100; Florida, 9, 5, coconut palm, Venezuela, 36, loi Veterans 27, to infestation 41 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 39, 49, 53, 54, 62,, 72, 87, 97, 98, 99, 100, loi; Colorado, 34, 53; Delaware, 27, 32, 33, 34, 39, 53, 100, loi; District of Columbia, Washington, 19, 90, 98, transmis- improperly installed, 21 fornia, 8, 10, II, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 29, Connecticut, vapor 18; 15, damp polyethylene barrier, soil cover, 25: proofing of, 8, 84; evolution of the pro- 7, movement giving 70; 13, colony, rise to 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 44, 52, 53, 54, 59, 61, audible, recorded, sound, 13, 70; oscillation, 13, 90, 103, 104; Idaho, 33; Illinois, 20, 34, 52, 72, 98, 99, 100; Indiana, 15, 17, 32, 39, 60, 71, 98, loi; Iowa, 53, 100; Kansas, 97; Louisiana, 19, Zootermopsis 98; Kansas, 29, 32; Maryland, 32, 33, 34, 39, 53 73, 99, 100, loi; Massachusetts, 33, 34; Michigan, 33; midwest, 26, 100; Minnesota, 33; 71, perception of by subgenual 74; tion organ in means communicaby substratum vibration and audible sound, 13, 70; angtisticoUis substratum or jerking behavior by ter- mites, 13, 70, 74 Vikane, sulfuryl fluoride, 20: fumigation drywood Mississippi, 44, 71, 73, 88, 89, 97, 98, 99, 100; Missouri, 22, 32, 39, 52, 98, 99, loi; Nebraska, termites, California, success Nevada, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 44, 100: New Hampshire, 33; New Jersey, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 99, 100; New York, 33; North posure period and temperature, 49; fumigation drywood termites in Florida and California 7, 33, 98; Carolina, 24, 28, 32, 27, 33, 34, 35, 39, 99, 100, loi; North Dakota, 44, 45, 83, 100, loi; Ohio, 31, 32 Oklahoma, a, 33, 21, 34, 98, 99, 100; 7, Rhode 54, 98, southwest, 34, 39, 53, 98, 99, 100, loi; 34, 39, 54, 86, loi; Oregon, loi; Pennsylvania, 34, 53, 73, South Carolina, 4, Island, 32, 33; loi; South Dakota, 33, 34, loi; 99; Tennessee, 31, 86, 99; fumigant concentration, confinement, ex- no odor problem, penetration superior methyl bromide, ovicidal action poor, food clearances not yet granted, may be used later successful, to under slabs, special detector necessary for Vikane, 49; post-fumigation aeration in termite infested buildings, 49 Virginia, Sussex, Sussex Co., 34 V.O.M (vertical oscillatory movement), 13, 74 9, 43, 49, w Texas, 34, 39, 48, 53, 54, 97, 100, loi; Utah, 32, ii^ 34: Virginia, 34; Washington, 32, 33, 65 100; western, 11, 59, 92, iod, ioi; Wis- consin, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 33, 54, 60, 71, 97, 98, 99, io(;, ioi; University depends on balance its Wyoming, California 32, 34 Los Angeles, U.C.L.A., 72 Wall voids, 20, 24, 27: micronized poison dusts effective treatment, Warranties, 11, 28: wide by industry, 73 commercial, 15, 28; nation5 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS BHC, VOL 152 Washington, 100: Endicott, Whitman Co., 33; Friday Harbor, San Juan Co., 32; Spokane, 65 91, 92; Wasps, 10 Water relations chlorinated hydrocarbon cement 7: 7; water loss, low, 7; water proofing relative 7, 46, high, 7, mechanisms, layer, resinates, 7, 89, sulfate, 91, creosant, 89; Isoptera 55, 58 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, dichromate, 21; dieldrin, 21, 22, 91; for distance 2-3 miles, 8; daily observations prophylactic efficacy, 24; 13 development and dispersal, 10; between young and maternal colony, 11; time for Wire, protection packing material, 25 Wisconsin, 4-5, 60, 10, 7, wood termite species, 13; decay loi: species by different 13, 46, 68; food, in, Non-Com, phenol, 88, 23, 88, 88, relative contact, magnesium carbonate, 91; Osmosalts, 91; pentachloro- crankcase in 91, 90, PCP-DDT, oil, 89, sodium 88; cides, arsenate, 21, 89, stil tar, 88-89, 91; tests, efficacy of, water-borne, 88; fluor-chrome-arsenic, 91 89; water- comparison formulations chromium, and boron with chromium, fluorine soluble, 88, copper and arsenic, 90; Woodtreat T/C, 24, xylamon, 25, 91; zinc meta arsenite, quality control, 11; products, pressure preserved, 16, 88; relative loss of cellulose Wood in, 13; spring, boards, insulation, block tubing over summer, 67 67; poisons preservation, for retardants, fire 87-92: etc., wood proved wrong, but does 81, 82, Wyoming, 89; Europe, 24; 84: mortality, 25, 31, 88 89: dip diffusion, Australia, 21, 87; U.S., 9, 8, 5, World, iliffusion, 89, 10, 11, 14, 39, 41, 46, 47, 50, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 69, 71, 75, 76, 79, 80, over masonry voids, 90; brush, 19, 24, 25, 52; Cellon process, 90; control, Europe, 23; dip, double 52; resinate, 91 Worker, fiber fabrics, and dichromate, 21, arsenite, 89, fluoride, 21, pentaborate, 21; Solignum, 91; Tanalith, 90, 91; tar 12-13, 35> 5O' 58-59; impregnated chemically, 11, in 90, 91; preserva- 22, 24, 26; pressure-treated, 20, 24, 28, annual production, 89, tive oils, 24, 88, 89; repellents, contact insecti- 100, 98, 97, La Crosse Co., 33; Madison, 3, 71, 97; Monroe Co., Tomah, 33; Sheboygan, 14, 54, 97 Wood, 64, 88: chemical decomposition of broad leaved and coniferous 89: synthetic insecticides, petroleum, 90, 91; develop, 42 first to 91; chlorophenol, 88, 90, 91, petroleum, 91; crude oil emulsion, 24; DDT, 19, 24, 25, 31, 90, 91; 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85: attracted to lights 6; 23, creosote, 90, 91; coal tar, 25, 88, 90, 91, penta- adults, alates, 6, 7, 8, 10, 33, 41, 47, 53, relations 22, 91; 90, resinate, 91, West Indies, 27 White ants See Termites, months, 21, chromated zinc chloride, 90, 91; combined with insecticides, 90; contact 88, 24, (synthetic) insecticides, 88; copper naphthenate, 49 Water systems, 17 20 Winged 19, 23, 24, 25, 31, 90, 91; Boliden 90, 91; boric acid, 21, 91; Celcure, 91; salts, faeces, 14, 12, morphology, 50; 10; 46; seasonal fluctuations on ex- ternal characters of, 8, 22, 27, 40, 60, 77, 104, 105, 106 32: Casper, Natrona Co., 34 fire retardant treated wood, 88; plastics, 87, 89, 90; plywood, \ustralia, 90, pressure treated, 90, India, 91: preserved \ustralia, 91; press Hawaii, hardwoods important, on termite X-ray, 26, 47 control, 23; pres- sure impregnation in cylinder, Spain, 90; pressure impregnated timber, U.S., 16 plants 87, 88: wood, where pressure/vacuum, termite-proofing for to buy, timber, thatch, bamboo, design, India 91; statistics, U.S., 90, 91: survey on testing in countries, 88; testing, Germany, z}, 88, 90; timber constructions, Australia, 21 24, 90; timbers, house, New Zealand, 90; where to buy pressure preserved wood, Wood shell 16, 87 88 preservatives, liquid, 89; Yugoslavia, 44, 103 portable Zone: humid tropic, 68, 104, 105; inter-tropical, 51; temperate, 85; tropical, 10, 22, 30, 35, 52, 56, 57, 58-59, 65, 68, 85, 88, 91, 93, 104, 105 Zootermopsis, 26-27, 49 angtisticollis, 5, 8, 13, 24, 46, 34, 52, 54, 55, 60, 65, 70, 74 26: Anacardtum occidentale anthraquinones, 89; arsenic pentoxide 21, 89, and zinc chloride, 21; Ascu, U S laticeps, nevadensis, 13, 54, 56, 58-59, 62, 69, 70 sp., 44 45 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1968 O - 325-491 53, ... of the Research Service, U S Smithsonian Institution, have been especially helpful and obtaining obscure publications, often difficult to SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL in checking... Termites 1350 B.C to A.D 1954," by Thomas E Snyder was pubHshed as Publication 4463, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol 143, No The present (second) supplement covers publications from 1961... 167-335 (France, flavicollis reaction stimuli of castes, interindividual relations SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 301-1 has been isolated show same characters as behavior linked with trophallaxy,