The Canadian Entomologist Vol 16

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST VOLUME XYl LONDON, ONTARIO Rev C J S Bethune, D C L., Port Hope J M Denton, London, Ont, and E BAYNES REED, London, Ont ; 3L'onboit IKINTEU UV Tilt KKtK : JKliBb I'KI.NTING 1884 COMPANY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME BEAN, THOS, E BOWLES, G J BRUNfiR, LAWRENCE CAULFIELD F R CLARKSON, FREDERICK DAVLS, WM L DEVEREAUX, W L DIMMOCK, GEORGE EDWARDS, W II FERNALD, C II FERNALD, MRS C II FISCHER, PH FLETCHER, JAMES FRENCH, G II FYLES, REY T W GEDDES, GAMBLE HAGEN, DR H A HAMILTON, DR JOHN H ANH AM, A W HARRINGTON, W H HORN, DR G H HOY, DR P R KEEN, EUGENE L KELLICOTT, D S KILMAN, A H KIRBY, W F LINTNER, J A LYMAN, H li MOFFAT, J A MURTFELDT, MARY E OSBORN, HERBERT RAGONOT, E REED, E BAYNES RILEY, C V SAUNDERS, WM (The Editor) TAYLOR, GEO W THAXTER, ROLAND TOVVNSEND, C H T WEED, CLARENCE M I Galena, 111 Montreal, Que West Point, Nebraska Montreal, Que New York City ToMPKiNSViLLE, Staten Island, N Clyde, New York Cambridge, Mass Coalburgh, West Va Orono, Maine Orono, Maine Buffalo, N Y Ottawa, Ont Carbondale, 111 South Quebec Toronto, Ont Cambridge, Mass Allegheny, Pa Hamilton, Ont Ottawa, Ont Philadelphia, Pa Racine, Wis Philadelphia, Pa Buffalo, N Y Ridgeway, Ont London, Eng Albany, N Y Montreal, Que Hamilton, Ont Kirkwood, Missouri Ames, Iowa Paris, France Lo^fDON, Ont Washington, D London, Ont C Vancouver Island, B C Kittery Point, Maine Constantine, Mich Lansing, Mich Y LONDON, VOL XVI ONT., JANUARY, No 1884 i OUR SIXTEENTH VOLUME the In entering on our sixteenth volume we beg to tender our thanks to many kind contributors to whom we are indebted for past favors, and to point to the fact that our success has hitherto largely depended on the we have thus secured During the year death has removed from among us some of our highly valued helpers LeConte, Chambers The hearty support accorded to our and Bailey rest from their labors original papers ; journal by these distinguished entomologists will never be forgotten, but Death removes the their esteemed counsel can no longer be sought From among the younger students workers, but the work still goes on ranks are of natural history our being constantly recruited, and to these We believe that the look for a portion of the help we need so numerous as were never they are at the present Entomology noted The communities of facts more were ever nor time, carefully insects are as active and numerous as ever, and what has been recorded we must students of of their life history and habits is remains to be worked out still laborers, and delightful work for but small in comparison with that which There is room here for hundreds of all Many of our readers have no doubt original observations which have not yet been recorded, and perhaps the observers have regarded them as not of suthcient importance to pub- made lish until rendered more complete by further observation What is lost by such delay fact in entomological science Many a useful we should like promptly communicate any facts they may have noted which they believe to be hitherto unrecorded, so that others may be all our readers to is to Our pages are ever helped to occupy the vantage ground thus gained freely open to all such communications ; they add to the value and usefulness of our journal, and help us in our endeavors to continue to make it We sincerely hope that our readers everya record of original work where will We bear this in mind would also remind our members that the annual subscription is Remittances should be made to our Secretary-Treasurer, Mr E B Reed, and all communications for The Entomologist addressed to now due the Editor THP: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST DESCRIPTION OF LYC^NA D^DALUS, Behr, AND CORRECTION OF ERRORS IN ITS SYNONYMY BY W H EDWARDS, COALBURGH, W VA I have received from that indefatigable explorer and naturalist, Mr.'W G Wright, of San Bernardino, several examples of Lyccena Dcedalus, ^ $ Up to this date the ^ as described by Dr Behr, has been unknown to me personally, and by all recent list makers has been set down as a , Its female is Ae/iaja, Behr., also put down Icaroides, Bois as a syn of Scepiohis, or rather as one of the dimorphic forms of the female of that species synonym of Mr Wright made the ascent of one of the lofty mountains in that region, " Saw and says nothing on the way up, except that at the camping halfNext day, on a few of these Lyccence and a Grapta were way place not it was a httle but cold (50° to the crest, cloudy, very high going up was the seen entire not one butterfly during day, though I probably), yet : stayed on the crest, 11,550 feet, several hours On July i, 1883, in a high, wet meadow, altitude 6,500 feet, and then at varying altitudes from On ist they were very abund6,000 to 8,000 feet, I saw these Lyccence ant ; the air was full of them No other Lyccena was present Later, in wet meadows, on another mountain, up to about 8,000 feet, I saw more I noted the variety of of them ; also, as before, no other Lyccena present shades of bronze in the female ; some are almost yellow, others have but a tinge of bronze on the anal angle." Undoubtedly, the are Ae/iaja, Behr with them while the females Dcedalus, Behr, ^ ^ are in Proc Cal Acad., 3, 280, 1867, from three Hoffman in the " Alpine regions, round the Mr collected by specimens These were probably all males ; head waters of the Tuolumne River." Dcedahis was described but the sex is not stated It is described as similar to Icaroides, Bd., but beneath, the spots, which in the latter are said to be rounded, in Dcedalus are transversely elongated ; and the discoidal mark of hind wings, which in Icaroides is wanting, or represented by a white patch, in Dcedalus is a It is characteristic of Lcaroides that the spots are round and black line mark is wanting, though more constant character is found in the discal is not seen in Dcedalus there are exceptions in both cases ; a the white halo around each spot, which All the six males of Dcedalus before me have the spots rounded, but one of the females has most of Behr describes in the male them elongated, as Dr THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Aehaja I is described on same page, and the author says received also from Mr Hoffman, \n\\o it fou?id : " This species associated with Dcedahts." The number But both sexes of of specimens examined is not stated in As the were described as alike color specimens taken by the Aehaja in bad came almost condition, especially with always Geological Survey the bodies squeezed as flat Behr mistook some of these as a knife blade, for males it That is his not surprising that Dr Aehaja agrees with Mr Wright's females of Dcedahts, is evident from a type specimen which Dr Behr sent me at about the date of his description, and which still stands in my collection with his label which Dr Boisduval described, Lep de In my Catalogue of 1877, Dcedalus is down as a syn of Icaroides, while Aehaja is given as a dimorphic form This la set is the same species also Cal., 48, i86g, as Rufescens I seem to of the female of Scepiolus, Rufescens being a syn of Aehaja have overlooked the fact that Boisduval described a blue male with the russet female, as the text says, and this word describes Boisduval certainly must any other as he says " it lives on the as to the have been misinformed locaUty, the in in Whereas the interior, species is Alpine, and would May." plains brown female, or the color, perhaps, better than be taken in midsummer which are found It is allied to Scepiolus and Icaroides, both of in lower elevations The synonymy should then be : — DAEDALUS, Behr % Aehaja, Behr Rufescens, Bois ^ % Although I am not aware that I have ever before seen an example of Dcedalus $ I have had several of the $ or Aehaja, but cannot state from what particular localities they came , As , scarcely distinctive, tors, I Behr and Boisduval are very short and are and besides are not accessible to most of our collec- the descriptions of both append my own descriptions of both sexes of this Lyccena LyCvENA Daedalus, Behr Male — Expands Upper 1.2 inch when viewed side pruinose-blue, with a metallic lustre oblique- margin of primaries next base silvery-blue, as is also the inner margin of secondaries, and the last is much covered with long white hairs ; hind margin of primaries widely edged by black of secondaries by a ly ; costal ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST black before which, at outer angle to median, line, that of primaries ; is a black border like two median interspaces, next margin, a round sometimes an obscure similar spot in the next interthe in black spot to each ; space above, but usually the black border extends quite to median also at inner angle, in some examples, are traces of two small black spots ; primaries have a black streak on arc of cell ; fringes long, on primaries ; pure white externally, fuscous next margin, on secondaries white, with a few fuscous hairs at the end of the nervules Under side white, not quite pure, rather grayish, with a very slight tint of blue at base of secondaries ; both wings have the hind margins edged by a pale brown line, crossed by two rows of black spots, one sub-marginal, the other extra-discal ; these last small, and in the median inter- spaces of secondaries have on the posterior side small patches of fulvous ; the inner row has usually rounded spots, but occasionally nearly all are elongated, disposed as in the allied species ; on the arc of cell of each wing a rather large black bar ; secondaries have three spots across basal area? one on costal margin, one in middle of cell, and one on inner margin ; in addition to the above described spots is a common marginal row on primaries not clearly defined, rather pale brown discolorations than spots, on secondaries distinct, the outer ones brown, the rest black Body above covered by long thorax with faint blue tipped with black ; tint ; whitish-blue hairs; beneath white, the ; palpi white, with hairs in front legs white antennae black, with narrow white wings club black ; above, ferruginous below Female Same size — to marginal borders ; sometimes much obone ; example under view the disks and whole surface are black-brown, with an illy-defined brown patch at inner angle ; Upper side russet on disks scured by darker brown in well as all others, have a fulvous sub-marginal belt on secondthe on aries, marginal side of which are round black spots like those in in some male; examples the belt is diffused towards disk; primaries have but this, as the discal spot rather larger than in male Under side brown-buff, uniform ; ; the fringes soiled white as in the male, all spots marked rather larger ; the thorax beneath gray, with nearly color of wings The species is allied to Scepiohis, Bd., as well as to plan of markings of under side Scepiolus many brown most decidedly m is similar in the hairs ; abdomen Icar aides, and the three It differs from color of upper side of male, the latter being of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a silvery blue (Bois says argento-aer niece); and in the female the color of more or less blue at base Scepio/iis is fuscous, with Icaroides as subviolaceo-cceru/ece, the Boisduval describes For Rufcsccns ^ he says shining blue, nitide cceridece $ fuscce The former is of The a dull violet blue, the fringes not pure white, rather ashen-white and these latter is metallic pruinose blue, as I see it, with white fringes, Placed side by side there contrast prettily with the blue in those three species one of the males for another NOTES ON COLIAS CHRISTINA, is no mistaking Edwards BY H H LYMAN, iMGNTREAL Dr Hagen, in his paper on the genus Colias,^' recently published, discussing the species described by Mr Wm H Edwards under the name comes to the conclusion that it is merely a variety of C Edwardsii, which, he regards as only a form of C Interior, Scud., including also under the latter name, Emilia., Astrcea, Scudderi ,Alexandra, of C Christina, Harfordii and Laurentiiia had the good fortune last year to receive from Occidentalis, I my friend Dr Robert of the Geological Survey, a series of fifteen specimens of this species, which, although not perfect, are very valuable for study ; collected Bell, North-west Territories, extending over 250 miles at eight locaUties in the of trail, 104° 14' 15* W the most south-easterly locahty being Qu'Appelle, 50° 40' N., W., and the most north-westerly, Duck Lake, 52° 47' N., 106° Mr Edwards The series consists of males and females described and figured one type of female which is apparently not the most usual one, in fact none of mine answer to the description given by him The most usual form, as represented be described as follows by six out of the nine, may : Expands 2-2]^ inches A dwarfed specimen was only \\% inch Upper side lemon yellow, slightly suffused with orange, especially on primaries, which have a broad marginal band enclosing a row of yellow spots, which are sometimes defined, but more frequently united into an irregular band Discal spot generally larger than in the male, black, Proc Bost Soc Nat Hist., vol xxii., p 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 233 On 19th May, exposed one chrysalis temperature was found to be 32\ These were left (A) at hours from pupation, and one (B) at 14 hours for 18 days, being taken off the ice 7th June On 14th June emerged " ^ $ , , both suffused on under side of hind wings, and in same man- The male came from the chrysalis B, exposed at 14 hours, and is whole upper surface, the fulvous areas being restricted to ner very melanic on narrow bands In the female (A) exposed at hours, the fulvous area is not different from that of some examples not exposed to cold Both in have the buff of discal band the on under costal and these, side, spots subcostal interspaces lengthened so as to connect and become confluent In the male the two wings are not equally with the buff marginal spots wing having three of these spots confluent, the other only one completely, and one nearly Another male (C) exposed at 18 hours old, and for days, is melanized on upper side, but to a less extent than affected, the left the male (A) reduced On the under side of hind wing the buff spots are largely of the spots next base, are ; and often obliterated in size, represented only by black (that is, the buff has passed away), and the other are reduced to less than half the usual size ; the discal band is reduced In the normal examples this band is cut by running across the wing, leaving the middle section broad, to small, disconnected spots two black lines and the two outer sections made up of small spots There is a little irregularity in the course of these black lines, but the result is that on the interspaces next costal margin there are buff spots to each, each to the next two interspaces, and on the last interspace (or sub-median) In the example under view the whole of the anterior row of buff spots is In the normal example there is also a complete sub-marginal wanting row of pretty large buff lunules in this other all are wanting except two in the median interspaces and a streak in the discoidal ; narrow crescents interspace A side, (D) exposed at 24 hours, and for days, is not changed on upper but on under hind wing the buff discal band is nearly obliterated, the 5]^ whole of the inside (and longest) spots being lost The spots about base are not changed, nor are the submarginal crescents Another $ (E) exposed at 24 hours and for days, is not changed on upper side, but on under hind wing the submarginal crescents are lost, excepting in the two median interspaces, and there they are reduced to narrow bars ; all the buff of both wings On 13th June, is I changed to yellow placed to chrysalids on ice, at to 24 hours old ; on 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST from 15 14th, more, to 24 hours old These were on ; 17th, two at 12 and 24 hours, July 13th, or from 26 to 30 days But three survived the exposure, one of which (F) gave $ 23rd June This example was in some respects more (chrysalis on ice 26 days) in all 19 chrysalids changed than either of those left till One hind wing was before mentioned smaller than the other, and was free from all fulvous above ; the other had the fulvous restricted to a narrow band on disk, with a row of minute spots posterior to it ; the fulvous on the disks of each fore wing was also reduced to a narrow band Beneath, the colors of fore wings were all black changed to brown ; the submarginal buff spots were much enlarged and extended quite across the wing ; the smaller hind wing, which had lost color on upper side, had no fulvous or buff on the outer dull, the half, but the discal buff band was present, though greatly narrowed, and The other wing had the discal band narrowed but disnearly obsolete tinct, the spots which constitute it separated instead of confluent, and the small spots outside the black lines which cut this band are entirely wanting but the two spots of this band next costa were lengthened and consubmarginal buff spots ; also the fulvous ocelli which go to ; fluent with the make two the third butterflies band from the margin are nearly obliterated which came from this lot of chrysalids, one The at 28, other one at 29 days, were both cripples, the wings twisted, but as they were expanded it can be seen that they are greatly altered, the colors more or less suffused, and the markings indefinite As I have indicated, to nearly full size, 16 out of the 19 chrysalids of this lot were killed outright, and no doubt by the length of the exposure to so severe a degree of cold two emerged cripples, and the other partly crippled, one wing being affected ; But several of the chrysalids experimented with were not affected, viz., i at hours old, for 10 These all gave days butterflies in no way differing from those not iced at hours old, for days, Thus appears that it I chrysalis, hours I 11 14 II from pupation, exposed 18 days, I' II 18 I' n were much changed, the fulvous area in one A, restricted on upper and both have the colors considerably suffused on under side I chrysalis, 18 hours old, " were much changed, but 24 in II tl a different side, exposed days, M IT way from those first mentioned, 235 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST by the under surface chiefly restriction or obhteration of the buff One chrysahs and that upper on both side, (F), 12 surfaces, more changed, on of both buff and, fulvous on lower side, hours old, exposed 26 days, by restriction and the obliteration bands and spots on and still obliteration of the fulvous besides being partially crippled Two chrysalids exposed 28, 29 days, were changed in same manner as F, but were wholly crippled In all, I obtained 14 butterflies from these iced chrysalids, of them changed materially, not at all In all cases the emergence of the butterfly was retarded by the full The butterflies appeared at from to period of the exposure to cold the were from the ice At same time others, after removed chrysahds days not iced, were coming out at from to days, according as the weather was clear or otherwise Harrisii is a single-brooded species, and therefore there could be no such change of form as was brought about in T/iaros ; any changes would be limited would not be uniform to color or shape of markings, and — Melit/Ea Phaeton I had a large number of chrysalids from hibernating larvae which I had raised the year before, and 39 of them were placed on ice (temp 32°), at various periods from to 34 hours after pupation, and exposed from 10 to 27 days The emergence of the butter2 flies was in all cases retarded, so that the length of the chrysalis stage after was the same as after pupation normally But no were made in color, nor were any chrysalids killed by perceptible changes removal from the the cold ice I fully expected to see suffusion and other marked changes in Beautiful variations occur in Phaeton, as in other Melitaeas, in nature, and I cannot but think that another series of experiments, with this species perhaps a longer exposure to cold, might serve to produce similar vari- ations in the house Melit^ea Chalcedon a hibernating larva fed by me I had but one chrysalis, the previous year which came from This at 25 hours old ice 27 days The imago died just when ready to emerge, and so could be discovered the colors were not affected This species also was on far as is subject to sports, and suffused examples are to be found in nearly every collection of butterflies Grapta Comma On 1st June I placed on ice chrysalids less THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 236 than hour I dead and and much They were removed 22nd June, and at Apatura Clytox to 24 hours as old, all wcije shrivelled Similar exposure to that of gave similar results, all being killed in the case of Comma, as I had in I Comma, but had reason former years at 12 to expect lost all or nearly Grapta chrysalids which were exposed before they had fully hardened But I thought I would try severe measures once more, relying on obtainUnfortunately I could ing further larvae of Comfiia for milder treatment all This species being seasonally-dimorphic, it would no more larvje seem as if there should be a change of form under these experiments, if find tried in a proper manner Papilio Philenor 23 days on ice, were all Nine chrysalids, at to 36 hours old, left for which gave butterfly unchanged killed but one, Papilio Troilus One chrysalis exposed 15 days gave butterfly unchanged ice LiMENiTis Ursula and kept it there 13 days I placed one chrysalis at hours old on the From this came a large $ after days, or at the period usual for this species This shows some peculiarities which One cannot decide may not have been owing to the exposure may from a single example The Ursulas taken in this region have the metallic spots and the metallic area on disk of hind wing either all green or all or blue j and the discal area spoken of is separated from the submarginal green or blue spots by a pretty wide black space, forming a band from In this iced example the black band is narrowed costal to anal margin to one half that of any other in my collection, and instead of being unincrossed next costal margin by three of the discal spots (or in three interspaces), which become confluent with the submarginal spots terrupted, it is and bands are green, except that on one wing the spaces on the branches of the median nervure are purplish-blue between disk lying The same distinction holds on the under side The spots Pseudargiolus On ice chrysahds, 24 hours old, and Lycaena By oversight a nearly mature larva of same species kept there 23 days had been shut in with the chrysalids, and had eaten into one of them But the larva and the other chrysalids were dead THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, THE CRANBERRY FRUIT WORM.* BY PROF Acrobasis vaccinii, n s C V — General 237 vaccinii (Acrobasis N spj RILEY color and appearance of A in- (nebulo Walsh) but a somewhat smaller species, with primIt may be distinguished by the following differaries usually narrower ences as compared with ijidiginella : digi?ie//a Zell ' Average expanse, 15 mm brown or tawny on Colors of a colder gray with less reddishand with the pale the inner portions of primaries, costal parts nearly pure white, so as to contrast more fully with the dark shades, and to more fully relieve the basal branch of the forked shade on inner part of first or basal line, this basal branch being also usually darker The triangular costal patch from the than the outer or posterior branch The transverse pale lines are less clearly defined basal line is obsolete and the terminal is nearer the posterior border of the wing, / e., the median field is wider The geminate discal dots are always well separated and the inner one well relieved by the white which extends around it on the darker ground and often forms an annulus The oblique shade from apex is less clearly defined Described from 16 specimens of both sexes, reared from cranberries Egg About 0.4 mm long, and 0.3 mm broad ovate or almost — circular, and ; flattened or plano-convex, the form varying with the surface of attachment to which, while plastic, green or brown Larva it partly conforms Color, olive- — Average length flattened beneath when full grown 10 mm Convex above, Surface of body minutely granulate with a dull, some- what greasy appearance Color varying from greenish-yellow to olivegreen, reddish or brownish, being generally darkest towards the anal end Head yellow, polished, somewhat lighter towards the mouth, with the sutures of the clypeus slightly brown, and the anterior angles of the head distinctly so ; labruni, antennae and palpi white ; mandibles yellowish at becoming blackish toward tip what paler than the head, almost base, ; ocelli black Cervical shield some- colorless anteriorly, its median line scarcely paler, without any markings, except a brownish or blackish wart a little in front, above the stigma Anal plate of same color Stigmata extremely small, except * first From advance copy from niolo£;ist and last pair, oval and pale brown the forthcoming Annual Report of the Pili- U S, EntOi THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 238 ferous warts only about half the size of stigmata, very pale brown and polished, each supporting a fine hair of a faintly yellowish color, of which those on the posterior row of warts are much the longest and are directed forward long hairs are also on the head, thorax, around the Similar margin of the anal plate and along the sides of the body Legs con- colorous with body — Average length mm Brownish-yellow Stigmata brown transverse on dark last joint dorsal, brown, band, anteriorly Tip a small tooth at each almost broad, straight, having angle, and along its Pupa A inferior forward edge four fine Abdomen and American Phycids, at it is bristles, twisted and directed shallowly punctate In the series of indiginella, yellowish-brown this species naturally once distinguished from — this, Baron, and from fallouella Ragonot its nearest European ally obsolescence of the triangular costal patch Mr Grote in his Acrobasis Zeller, " Phycis Haw." ella These genus was " last and He Check referred has also follows from juglandis Le- — by the Hst of N A Moths," has suppressed this made little of group juglatidis Phycids a variety of to indigin- unjustifiable changes I regard as Phycis as a founded by Fabricius, and Haworth's Phycis comprised nearly all the species of the family, and the name has long been modern more exact classifications while the full and histories of and larval descriptions, figures indiginella juglandis in on the Insects of Mo my 4th Rep (pp 38-43) prove beyond all question abandoned in ; the specific value of both There is a Nephopteryx vacciniella Zeller or Europe, and in the name for this Vaccinium uliginosum in reason I have dropped the conventional termination of our species NOTE ON INEQUALITY OF THE ELYTRA IN ALAUS OCULATUS BY H T C TOWNSEND, CONSTANTINE, MICH On 19th October, 1884, I took from a decaying hickory stump a specimen of Alaus oculaUts (Linn.), which had its left elytron 75 mm This seemed to me a curious and very noticeable shorter than its right deformity, and one I had never before observed But on 13th December THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ensuing discovered that a fine, robust specimen which decaying hickory the day previous had its right, this time the difference being then examined fifteen 239 its left much elytron 25 less, but I had taken from mm still shorter than noticeable I other specimens of this species in my collection, with One with left elytron 25 mm shorter than right; the following result left 20 mm shorter than right; one with left shorter than right, but the difference hardly appreciable ; one (small specimen) with right 20 mm shorter than left; and one in which the right was so slightly less : one with than the left that the difference could scarcely be seen The remaining ten showed no appreciable differences in this respect So of seventeen specimens examined, seven had the elytra unequal in length in a considerable degree, one being especially prominent thereby And it is noticeable that in five of the seven specimens it was the left elytron that was the shorter, these also being the cases in which the inequality was most prominent I believe all of my specimens, with one exception, were taken from their cells in the wood, as they are found after having assumed the I imago have no doubt that if in their collections, many more such examples would be found which have It would be interesting to know the result of such been overlooked examinations It is others would examine the specimens of this species probable that the elytra, being organs not of strictly elytral invariability in this direction not being primary value to the insect absolutely essential when — within certain limits — have thus been permitted to vary without the variations I being struck out by natural selection have not observed this elytral inequality in any other Coleoptera as yet A form of this species, which is less robust, I occasionally find ; it is narrower in proportion and more delicately marked, but upon sending specimens of the two to Dr Horn, he informs me that they not differ appreciably, but are both oculatus slightly CORRESPONDENCE NOTE ON THE HABITAT OF XYLORYCTES SATYRUS : Mr W F Robinson, of Bridgeton, N J., sent, Oct 28, a 1884, specimen of this beetle, with the remark that it is being dug up around the roots of trees there in abundance by his school boys The Dear Sir collections here contain it not farther to the north than Pennsylvania Not THE CANADIAN ENTO^MOLOCUST, 240 being able to find it recorded from N J., or farther to the north, I should I may add that Mr like to hear if its occurrence north of Pa is known; Robinson gave to the collection a very small specimen of Straiegus antaeus collected by him in Nantucket, Mass., Aug 24, 1884 Dr H a Hagen, Cambridge, Mass In reference to your article in the August number, allow No i by Pulvi7iaria innumerabilis, the following Acer saccharinum ; 2, A rtibrum ; 3, Negitndo aceroides ; 4, Ulmus Deal- Sir me to add : as injured : , fulva ; 5, U a?nerica?ia, 6, Celtis occidentalis ; Fraxinus sambticifolia ; 9, Populus bahaviifera ; XI, J 7, Morus rubra; 8, Juglans cinerea ; Tiiia a^nericana I have not seen 10, nigra; 12, Ji/ms toxicodendron our cultivated grape ( Vitis) very seldom, and sparsely, if ; This while our wild grape seems perfectly free from the pest affected here at all, known here as the Maple-slug, has been found by me on all the above, never taking note unless I found it at least six times on the On same kind of trees, growing far apart and in quantities as 'follows No, I, sparsely; 2, soft maple, very full; 3, ash-leaved maple, better insect, better : known as box-elder, very full, equal to No ; 4, and less affected but and sparsely; 10 and 11 least affected, while 12 (being our poison ivy) only when the tree to which this parasitic plant was attached I had made my observations in Peoria, Tazwell and Livwas affected alike; 7, ingston Counties, and have noticed in the City of Peoria especially the stone pavements sprinkled with the so-called honey dew in patches here and there, so thick that familiar with the cause any passer-by would look up wonderingly unless As such articles are of interest to farmers to growers of shade trees, they will be glad to get and such information as experience can give them through some observation The last visit of this numbers was about five or six years ago The question here insect in great has frequently been asked with some anxiety How will they appear next Their natural enemies and wet weather, especially when the etc ? rains come frequently during hatching, as well as other causes, are among : season, the agencies which limit their increase A H August No Mailed Nov 17, Dec i, Sept Oct Nov 11 n • 11 II II " " MuNDT, ig 17, 24, I Fairbury, Ills INDEX TO VOLUME Acoptus XVI Bledius cordatus; 187 II mandibularis, 187 liombycidas, list of taken at Orono, Maine, suturalis, 119 Acrobasis indiginella, 237 vaccina, n s., 237 Address, change of, 60, 80, 96 ti 57- of President, 204 Aegeria acerni, 220 H tricincta, 220 II remarks on the family, 152 liook notices, 19, 40, 58, 68, 156 Howies, G J., articles by, 39, 152 Agraulis vanillas, 88 Agrilus putillus, 71 Agrotis declarata, 207 Brachyacantha indubitabilis, 35 Bruchus cruentatus, 97 Bruner, Lawrence, article by, 41 If devastator, 215 fennica, 182, 204, 214 219 structural variability of, 171 11 11 II Alaus oculatus, inequality in elytra Allen, Anson, deatli of, 43 Alypia MacCuUochii, 217 Anchodenius angustatus, 118 of, 238, Buprestis consularis, 00 maculiventris, 218 Butterflies, Canadian, additions to list of, 50 effect of cold on chrysalids of, 11 II II 11 Anisosticta seriaia, 188 Annual Meeting, Ent Soc Ont., 201, 222 Anomala minuta, 35 II varians, 35 Ant-lions, notes on, 120 Anthaxia inornata, 71 II transiturana, 63 zapulata, 63 Catius bistriaris, 187 pallens, 190 II II 11 lepusculina, 16 celtis, 87, 114 clyton, 87, 114, 236 Aphodius hyperboreus, Calligrapha labyrinthica, 12S, 226 II u 72 II phalerioides, 189 Apion segnipes, 118 Aramiges FuUeri, 184, 216 II ti Arctia nais, pupal term Argynnis of, aphrodite, 88 atlantis, 85, 88, M 65 scalaris, 128, 225, 226 II M typicuni, 35, 99 Calosoma calidum, 11 frigidum, 99 bellona, 85 88 cybele, 86, 88 diana, 86, Z% Canadian Record, Nat Hist, and Geol., 40 Sportsman and Naturalist, 60 Carpocapsa saltitans, 183 idalia, 84 Catocala amatrix, 14 grynea, 67 ilia, preparatory stages myrina, 85, 88 Arma spinosa, 151 saw-fly, 148 Attacus cecropia, 217 M cinctus, 131 Ash Basket- worm, iSo Bean, Thos E., article by, 65 Blaps mortisaga, 37, 184 I limbaticoUis, 12S multiguttata, 128 opifera, 128 Callosamia angulifera, 119, 140, 179 promelhea, 119, 120 Calopteron reticulatum, 35 alcestis, 88 of Maine, 59 11 Anthrenus varius, 134 Apatela americana, 54 Apatura 109 11 Caccecia Cinderella, 63 minuta, 64 M obsoletaua, 63 oxycoccana, 63 Antherea polyphemus, 23 Anthicus confusus, 190 II n 232 of north-west, 56, 224 new catalogue of, 179 notes on rearing from eggs, 8r, list similis, 37 II II 11 of, 12 ultronia, 67 Caulfield, F B., articles by, 122, 136, 140, II 226 Cecidomyia destructor, 207 Ceratocampa regalis, 15, 47, 132, 140 Ccutorhynchus decipiens, 19 Chalcophora liberta, 218 Chilochorus bivulnerus, 184 INDEX TO VOLUME 242 Dermestes Chinch bug, 21S Chionaspis furfurus, loi Chrysobothris floricola, 71 Chrysochus auratus, 79 Chrysomela muhiguttis, 120, „ notes on, 127 „ scalaris, 120, 127 68 12: !i in elytral Diptera, of, 125 vulgaris, proportion of sexes 226 Clarkson Frederick, in, articles by, 15, 18, 24, 53> 95 124- 132 Clover-leaf weevil, 144, 209 to Canadian Coleoptera, additions list of, 44,70, 96, 117- ,, 185 unusual gathering of, Colias Christina, notes on, Edwardsii „ I, ,, eurydice, 89 ,, eurytheme, ,, interior, 8, taken in Montreal, 136 melanothorax, Dromaeolus cylindricoUis, II notes on, 35 on Brigantine Beach, N J.,i86 secondary sexual characters of, „ list of, Disonycha caroliniana, 97 Docophorus cursor, 197 Dolba hylaeus? larva of, 54 Donacia pubescens, 96 Doryphora decenilineata, 207, 216, II 136 Ccenomyia ferruginea, nubilus, 37 vulpinus, 37 Devereaux, W L., article by, 27 Diachus auratus, 100 catarius, 100 Dicerca tenebrosa, lOO Dimmock, George article liy, 100 M 11 Cicindela sex-guttata, variation markings Frischii, 37 188, murinus, 37 II Chrysophanus thoe, „ XVI Dung 28 35 striatus, 35 pellet makers, 18 Ectobia Germanica, 168,223 Edwards W H., articles by, 2, 81, 109, 163, 180, 232 17 Election of Officers, 213, Ellema Harrisii, 220 EUeschus bipunctatus, 106 Emplenota maritima, 187 Entomological Club A A A 218, 223 S., 94, 169, I80 „ pelidne, philodice, 7, 87, 218, 223 Colorado potato beetle, 207, 216 Comma butterfly, 208 Entomological Notes, 48, 98, 199 Entomological Society of Washington, 60 ,, Conchylis bimaculana, 139 Conops, North Amer species Conotrachelus cratsegi, 29 M nenuphar, 28, 208 Entomology for beginners, 9, 100, Entomology of Vancouvers Island, Eresia Texana, S3 Euchaetes egle, larva Corphyra terminalis, Corymbites cruciatus, 71 119, Eudamus Euderces pini, 36 Euphoria areata, 189 I, vernalis, 71 Exchange Cyrtophorus gibbulus, 148 Danais archippus, 88 Darapsa choerilus, 17 myron, 17 ,1 „ 221 Eupelmus AUynii, parasitism fallax, 71 Cryptocephalus badius, 97 Cut- worms, 214 of, lycidas, 88 „ Crioceris asparagi, 182 n i2-punctata, 184 Croton bug in Quebec, 168 of, 123 of insects, 80 Feniseca tarquinius, 84, Fernald C H., articles by, 26, 43, 63, 39 Fernald, Mrs C H., articles by 21, 57, 129 Fischer, Ph., articles by, 16, 48, 143 Fletcher, James, articles by, 56, 92, 158, 202 Flora of Washington, guide to, 19 Fornax badius, 70 French, G H., articles by, 12, 123, 221 Fyles, Rev Thos W., articles by, 69, 168 versicolor, 17 Davis, W T., article by, 140 D T A., article by, 103 Deilephila lineata, 39 90 Epierus pulicarius, 35 Epitragus arundinis, 190 of, 20 117 100 Correspondence, 16, 39 60, 80, 140, 179, 200, 240 141 Gallerida?, 99 Galeruca maritima, 190 xanthomelaena, 124, 183, II INDEX TO VOLUME X\I Geddes, Gamble, articles by, 56, 224 Lamesis, 147 Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada, 40 Geometridte captured at Orono, Me., 129 cumatilis 38 Glaucopteryx " magnoliata, 38 Goes pulverulentus, 73 Grape-vine flea-beetle 207 Grapta comma, 114,235 " interrogationis, 87, 114, 232 " " suturalis, 148 II Larvae, hairy and their parasites, 53, Lemonias nais, S3, 88, 89, 112 Leoidoptera, breeding of, 16 M diurnal, north-western, 56,224 Lepidopterist, trials of a, 180 Leptura II II 11 14 Graptodera chalybea, 207 atrata, 148 coccipea, 148 proxima, 148 rubrotestacea, 148 saucia, 73 I progne, 180, 208 satyrus 243 testacea, 148 11 Libythea Bachmanii, 88 Ligyrus gibbosus, 189 Hadena Limenitis arthemis, 86 arctica, 205 Hagen, Dr H A., by, 40, 161, 191, 225, 240 Hamilton, 105 articles John, by, 35, 47, 73, 133, 186 Hanham, A VV., article by, 98 H., articles by, 17, W Harrington, disippus, 87, 88, 232 Ursula, 236 Lintner, J A., article by, 80 Lycaena achaja, II amyntula, 112 II articles M ^ M comyntas, 84, 87 44, daedalus, melissa, 84 pseudargiolus, 84, II 54 70, 96, 100, 117, tenuis, 16 Hemaris " "' 11 larva of, 143 II scaroides, 2, II Scudderi, 84 Hepialus thule 39 Hister arcuatus, 188 " subrotundus, 35 Horn, Dr Geo H., articles by, 127, 147 Hoy, Dr P R., article by, 199 Hydnobius substriatus, 45 Hydroecia sera, 67 Hydrophilus glaber, 187 Hylesinus opaculus, 218 Hymenoptera from Vancouver's list of, 112, 232, 236 Lygus lineolaris, 182 Lyman, H H., articles by, 5, 140 Lysiopetalidas, revision of, 20 Malachius Ulkei, 72 Mallophaga of N Am., 176, 197 Mamestra adjuncta, Island, 78, 90 68 picta, parasite on, 122 1! Maple-tree bark louse, 141, 210 Megapenthes stigmosus, Ifyperaspis bigeminata, 46 " 70 Melitaea chalcedon, 83, 114, 235 II Harrisii, 88, 232, 235 phaeton, 85, 88, 113, 235 rubicunda, 219 Melsheimer family and collection, 191 signata, 35 Hyperchiria lo, 49, 96, 140 Hyphantria textor, 180 II II Insects II 11 imbedded in copal, 180 injurious in England, 158 segments in head of, 19 Insect statistics, fragments of, 65 Isosoma hordei, 123 II tritici, 123 lulus, an insect attack on, 80, 100 Microclytus gazellula, 73, 148 Microscopists, Amer Society of, 19 Mimicry, 89 A., articles by, 38, 19, 120, 179 maculosus, 73 producta, 188 Montreal Horticultural Society, 160 Moffat, J Monohammus Monotoma Mordella Keen, Eugene L, articles by, 100, 145 Kellicott, D S., articles by, [70, 180 Kilman, A H., articles by, 144, 200 Kirby's Insecta, 39 Kirby, W F., article by, 22 to our, 56 Members, irrorata, 97 Mordellistina ambusta, 98 II aspersa, 98 II pectoralis, 98 Moths, rare at Montreal, 39 Mundt, A H., article by, 240 Murifeldt, Mary E., article by, 131 244 INDEX TO VOLUME Myrmecopliila Oregon e7i sis, « II Myrmelion Philampelus achemon, 39 s., 43 Pergaiidei, n s., 43 abdominalis, 121 satellitia, 220 11 Philhydrus ochraceus, 187 obsoletus, 121 II XVI reflexipennis, 1S6 II Phobetrum pithecium, 200 Neides muticus, 40 Pholisora Catullus, 10 Phoxopteris comptana, 65 Nematodes penetrans, 35 Nematus Erichsonii, 215, 216 New England Spiders, 174 fragariae, 65 II Phycidse, 99 Nitzschia pulicare, 199 Noctuidse, secondary sexual characters of Phyciodes nycteis, 88 '75- II picta, preparatory stages of, 163 11 tharos, 83, 85, 88, 72 14, 232 Nonagna subcarnea, ovipositing apparatus of, 170 Physonota unipunctala, 134, 227 Nonagria subflava, 17 Phytonomus punctatus, Phymatodes thoracicus, typliK, 171 11 144, 182, 209, 215 nigrirostris, 215, 217 II Notodonta Americana, 220 Pieris Oberea trimaculata, 10 Plum tripunctata, 220 Obituary notices, 43, 103 CEdipoda Carolina, courtship of sexes of, Podabrus nothoides, 71 Podarcys spinosus, 225 menapia, enemies of, 40 Plagiodera flosculosa, 128 II 167 curculio, 28, 208 Podisus bracteata, 182 crocatus, 40 cynica, 182 11 Ophion purgatus, 123 Orchestes niger, 119 II subhirtus, 119 Orgyia leucostigma, 182, 1S3 11 Ottawa Field modestus, 215 Poecilocapsus lineal us, 182 Point Pelee, notes of a trip to, 50 Prionus brevicornis, 95 Procas picipes, 118, Psenocerus supernotalus, 36 Our Pseudomus II Osborn, Herbert, articles by, 148, 197 Otiorhynchus ligneus, 182 Naturalists' Club, 59, 156 sixteenth volume, i truncatus, 119 Pterostichus adoxus, 74 n Pachybrachis femoratus, 95 Painted lady butterfly, 211 Pamphila Huron, 88 Panagaeus crucigerus, 186 Pantographa anastomosalis, 11 11 , 11 27 limata, larva of, 26 11 scripturalis, 27 II 1, asterias, 11 cresphontes, 5O) 109 marcellus, 50 II H palamedes, honestus, 74 M lucluosus, 75 II n 11 15 11 15 philenor, 84, 87, 109, 112, 115, 236 troilus, 115, 236 turnus, 115, 177, 178 Parasites, curious result of attack by, 100 relictus, 75 11 rostratus, 74 Sayi, 75 M II II II human, Parnassius 20 clodiu's, 88 smintheus, 88 Pediculidse of N Am., 176, 197, Pegomyia bicolor, notes on, 69 II Pelecotoma flavipes, 118, Pharmacis sartana, 139 lucublandus, 75 moestus, 75 mutus, 76 obscurus, 75 purpuratus, 76 '< II II Hamiltoni, 75 n II Papilio, 60 „ ajax, 85, 179, 232 corvinus, 76 diligendus, 74 eryihropus, 76 stygicus, 75 survival of the fittest, Pulvinaria innumerabilis, 14 240 Purpuricenus humeralis, 72 1, Pyrameis atalanta, 87, 114 II cardui, 87, 177, 21 11 huntera, 87 Quedius brunnipennis, 187, Quince curculio, 29 73 184, 210, INDEX TO VOLUME Ragonot, E L article by, 99 Raspberry saw-fly, 209 Reed, E B., articles by, 40, 201 Report of delegate to Royal Society, 202 Rhypobius niarimis, 188 , C •" V., article by, 237 Royal Society, transactions of, 58 Riley, Samia, abnormal specimen of the genus, 22 cecropia, 22 11 Columbia, 39 Sanborn, Prof V, G., death Saperda discoidea, 10 II Syrphidse, Tanysphyrus lemnu.-, 136 Taylor, Geo VV., articles Telea polyphenius, 16, 23, Terias Mexicana, 51, 52 Tetracis lorata, 89 Henrici, 84, 112 melinus, 84 niphon, 92, 177 103 11 11 smilacis, ri Sarpedon scabrosus, 70 Saunders, \Vm., articles by, 1,9, 58, 68, 96, 141, 160, 169, 19, 50, 179, 180, by, 61, 77, 90 49 Thaxter, R., article by, 29 Tliecla auburniana, 51 mutica, 73 II of taken in Philadelphia, list Pa., 145 n of, 245 XVI 51 Thyridopteryx ephemerceformis, iSo, 200 Tortricidce, North American, 139 notes on, 63 11 T., articles by, 125, 167, 227, 238 II 204 Townsend, C Scirtes orl)iculatus, 47 Scolytus rugulosus, 161 Scopelosoma devia, Triplax 33 29 Morrisoni, 30 sidus, 29 Trox tristigmata, 33 vinulenta, 29, 32 VValkeri, 29, 31 Selandria barda, 148 ,1 rubi, 209 Silk producing bombyces, 68 Smerinthus exiecatus, 9, geminatus, my ops, n 17 Soldier-bug, spined, 151 Sphenophorus costipennis, 190 pertinax, 190 placidus, 190 retusus, 190 II ! Sphingidse captured at Orono, Maine, 21 Spilosoma acraea, hybernation of, 66 Isabella, 67 II flavicollis, 35 thoracica, 35 Trogoderma ornata, 133 Trogosita mauritanica, 218 11 life histories of, Spinning caterpillars, 24 Staphylinus caesareus, 46 praelongus, 187 Stethobaris tubulatus, 119 II II II asper, 189 scabrosus, 189 suberosus, 1S9 Urocerus flavicornis, 218 Vancouver Island, entomology Valgus canaliculatus, 105 II seticoliis, 105 II squamiger, 105 of, 61, 77, Vanessa antiopa, 68, 87 Milberti, 16, 84 Vertebrates, cold blooded of Wisconsin, 20 II Vespa maculata, 79 Weed, Clarence M., article by, 84 Weevil versus Curculio, 27 Wheat midge, 207 Xenorhipis, 147 Xyloryctes satyrus, 107, 239 Strategus antaeus, 240 Syncalapta echinata, 47 Synonymical notes, 147 Zygaenida;, 57- list of taken at Orono, Maine, ERRATA TO VOLUME 246 XVI ERRATA — lines from top, for unipuncta " read " unipunctata." — II lines from bottom, also lines from bottom, for "J "T VV Fyles." " " — read " fungous." fungus 214 10 lines from bottom, for " Page 227 213 I, —4 214 — 214— 214 — — — — lines from bottom, "Tachina." for "ovse" read "ova," and for W " Fyles " Tachnia " read read read " Smith." Smyth lines from top, for " " read " Heniipteron." lines from bottom, for Homopteron " " read " Nipigon." 16 lines from top, for Nepigon " " " " " 217 — read 217 lines from bottom, for "nigricornis read " nigrirostris." 218 12 lines from bottom, for Vespa?" Vespa ?" 218 10 lines from bottom, for "Pieris" read "Pamphila." " " " P centaurea read " 218 lines from bottom, for Pyrgus centaurea " " W "A for Macoun read lines from Macoun,'' and top, 219 "Nepigon" read "Nipigon." " " Ptinidas" read Ptinus." 219 — lines from top, for " S W " G 219 22 lines and 12 lines from bottom, for Taylor" read Taylor." — — for — W ... color, the last one, of a brighter yellow than the others, extending THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 11 The skin of the body is roughened with numerous white-tipped granulations, and the stout horn on the. .. at the time of pupation than the previous capture It burrowed into the earth the same day, and a short time thereafter the pupa wriggled itself to the surface, the imago, a ^ appearing on the. .. and of much greater the pointed end of the strength cocoons of the Cecropia, Cynthia and Promethea worms is left open for the exit of the The moth, the threads are unbroken and the cocoons can be