PLATES IN ILLUSTRATION OF A HAND-BOOK TO THE FLORA OF CEYLON V5, TRIMEN, 1893

: A HAND-BOOK TO THE FLORA CEYLON OF CONTAINING DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO THE ISLAND, AND NOTES ON THEIR HISTORY, DISTRIBUTION, AND USES HENRY TRIMEN, M.B (Lond.), F.R.S DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, CEYLON CONTINUED BY SIR J D HOOKER, Hflttb G.C.S.I., C.B., F.R.S an atlas of plates ILLUSTRATING SOME OF THE MORE INTERESTING SPECIES Part V ERIOCAULONE^E— GRAMINEiE WITH MAPS I & II, AND INDEXES LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANIC A GARDEN PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CEYLON LONDON DULAU & CO., 37 Souo Square, 1900 W, QK550 T7S ft- LONDON: PRINTED BY STBANGEWATS & SONS, Tower Street, Cambridge Circus, W.C LJ3RARY new York: BOTANICAL CXLVIL— ERIOCAULONE^E SCAPIGEROUS, annual or perennial herbs, rarely aquatic infl a solitarynarrow, base sheathing, venation parallel globose or hemispheric head of densely packed, minute, usually white, unisexual fl., terminating a ped with a tubular basal ; ; sheath; heads androgynous, rarely unisexual, involucrate short scarious or chartaceous bracts ; fl often more or by less hairs, densely crowded on a fiat, convex, hemispheric or conical, glabrous or villous receptacle, solitary in the axil of a cuneiform bracteole which is as long as or hoary with short white longer than the flower and dorsally hoary at the top male fl stipitate, sep 2-3, free or connate, hyaline, deciduous, rarely ; or o; corolla stipitate, funnel-shaped, 3-lobed, lobes minute, one sometimes much longer than the others; stam or fewer, inserted at the base of the corolla, didymous, fil short, often unequal, anth 2-celled, usually black, pistillode 0; fern fl sessile unequal, usually concave, deciduous; corolla sessile on the calyx or stipitate, pet 3, or stipitate, sep rarely 3, 2, 1, or o, unequal, broad or narrow, persistent, with often a black spot on the limb ; ov superior, sessile or stipitate, globose, 3-lobed, pendulous ovule; style rather short, fr a very small, membranous, 3, 3-celled, loculicidal capsule; seeds very minute, oblong or ellipsoid, smooth, striate, or ribbed, endosperm floury, embryo 3-celled, cells stigmas with erect, filiform ; minute ERIOCAULON, For characters, see Order L — Sp about 150; 43 Submerged aquatics, with capillary Bracts and bracteoles glabrous Bracts and bracteoles pubescent in Fl B Ind E, SETACEUM E Capillus-naiadis Terrestrial (or E jiuviatile aquatic) One pet of male fl protruded beyond the bracteoles Bracteoles acute or obtuse Heads §-§ Heads J-§ in in diam diam Bracteoles cuspidate Cusps of bracteoles long Cusps of bracteoles short PART v 3- 4- 56 E CAULESCENS E ZEYLANICUM E LONGICUSPIS E ATRATUM B ; EriOCaulonecB \Eriocanlon r exceeding the not of male fl bracteoles Seeds with (usually papillose) ridges Pet of fern fl filiform, bearing a pencil Pet of long hairs Scapes 6-1 in., heads \~\ in Scapes 2-6 in., heads \-\ in Pet of fem E sexangulare E Thwaitesii flat, ciliate fl Recept villous, with long hairs Stout, perennial Annual 10 Recept glabrous, or nearly so Heads j-£ in diam Heads yj-g in diam Seeds not ridged Recept villous with long hairs Male pet all very small L 6-14 in., scapes 6-12 in L 1-4 in Scapes 6-8 in Scapes 1-4 in Male pet well developed, one largest Recept glabrous, or nearly so Annual, terrestrial, 1-2 in Perennial, aquatic, 8-10 in E E Brownianum LUZULAEFOLIUM 12 E TRUNCATUM E TRIMENI 13 E Wightianum 14 E E E Walkeri quinquangulare, 11 15 16 17 18 collinum E Sieboldianum E fluviatile E setaceum, L Sp PL 87 (1753) Penda, S Herm Mus Burm Thes 109 Fl Zeyl n 50 Moon, Thw Enum 341 C P 791 (in part) Rheede, Hort Mai Fl B Ind vi 572 A submerged aquatic stem 2-3 ; xii t ft., Cat 68 stout or slender, simple or rarely branched, flexuous, densely crinite throughout with capillary flexuous i-veined i|-2 in long, tips of stem or of branches floating scapes very many, 1J-3 in long, slender, 5-ribbed, sheath f-i in., tip truncate, membranous; heads about ^ in diam., nearly black bracts short, cuneate-obovate, coriaceous, glabrous recept hemispheric, villous bracteoles cuneiform or cymbiform, acuminate, glabrous; male fl sep 3, linear-oblong, obtuse, concave, glabrous, cor -lobes minute, fem fl very shortly stipitate, sep 3, cymbiform, stam acute, glabrous or nearly so, cor shortly stipitate, pet 3, very narrowly spathulate, ciliate towards the tips, with or without a black spot seeds TV in long, oblong, quite smooth, dark ; ; ; ; : — ; ; brown In rather deep water, in the moist low country below 1000 Fl ft.; rare, Dec-March Also in Malabar £ Capillus-naiadis, Hook f Fl Brit Ltd vi 572 (1893) C P 791 (in part) Habit and foliage of E setaceum; heads globose, \ in diam.; white, bracts short, cuneate-obovate, thinly coriaceous, pale Eriocanlonece Eriocauion^ ' recept hemispheric, sparsely hairy, bracteoles cuneiform, tips rounded, cuspidate, dorsally villous with white hairs above the middle, male and fern fl shortly stipitate; male sep 3, obovateoblong, concave, dorsally villous above the middle with white hairs; fern sep cymbiform, cor with ov very shortly stipitate, pet narrowly spathulate, ciliate towards the tip; ov subsessile; seeds -^ in long, oblong, smooth, dark brown Deep water, in the moist low country below 2000 ft Pelaiwatte, Hewesse, Pasdun Korale Fl Dec-March Also in the Concan, Bengal, Burma, and Cochin China In the Peradenya Herbarium this occurs mixed with E setaceum, of which it was probably considered (possibly correctly) a form, by Thwaites and Trimen The colour of the heads, due to the copious white hairs of ; the fl than it at a glance The receptacle is less hairy specimens, and the seeds are smaller bracts, distinguishes in the Continental E caulescens, Hk.f and Th in Fl B Ind atratum, var major, Thw Enum 341 C P 131 Stem thumb, young plants in simple, 3-4 in vi 572 (1893) E long, as thick as the in old, often copiously branched, with branches 6-10 long, and leafy throughout, rooting along the elongate base roots stout, flexuous 2-6 by |— \ in., narrowed from the base to the obtuse tip, rigidly coriaceous, quite opaque, veins very many, close-set, faint scape subsolitary from the stem or branches, 6-18 in., stout or slender, sheath 1-6 in., tip obtuse or acute, coriaceous or membranous towards the side; heads |-| in diam., bracts sub 3-seriate, coriaceous, oblong, outer obtuse, inner acute, almost black, shining; recept flat, covered with very long straight hairs, bracteoles oblanceolate, acute, dark, dorsally shortly bearded; sep and pet of both sexes villously bearded, male fl with pet much exceeding the bracteoles, obovate, villous all over; fem fl with sep in ; ; ; concave, flat, stipes of cor Upper montane plentiful; Fl Horton very unequal, spots large, seeds not seen cor stipitate, pet and of ov villous zone, Plains, alt ; 5000-8000 swamp on ft ; Adam's Peak, very rare Pidurutalagala, 8000 ft (Pearson) Feb Endemic Our E largest and most handsome E zeylanicum, Korn snbcaulesce?is, Hk f in species, semi-shrubby when old in Linnaea, xxvii (1854), 667 (ceylanicum) Fl B Ind vi 573 (1893) E atratum, Thw Enum 341 (part) C P 61 (part) Fl B Ind vi 585 {ceylanicum) Stem 3-4 in., as thick as the little finger or less, simple, densely leafy 2-3 by \ in., erect, linear, acute or mucronate, thick, opaque, many-veined, sheath slightly woolly at the base within scapes 1-3, 6-12 in., slender, strongly 7-ribbed, sheath ; ; Eriocatdonea 1-3 tip in., membranous spherical, pale or {Eriocaulon heads \-\ in diam., depressedsnow-white bracts broadly obovate or oblong, ; ; scarious, glabrous, at length reflexed, straw-col'd.; receptacle small, hemispheric, densely villous with long pale hairs; bracteoles cuneately oblanceolate, acute, bearded at the tip, membranous male fl shortly stipitate, sep spathulate, concave, flat, one pet much the longest, obovate, exceeding the bracteole, villous all over, stam 6; fern fl subsessile, sep of male, corolla subsessile, pet narrowly oblanceolate, very unequal, villous, disk with a black spot seeds subglobose -Jg; ; in diam., papillose Upper montane zone (Thwaites) Horton ; ; rare Plains, alt Nuwara Eliya (Gardner) 7200 ft (Pearson) ; Pidurutalagala Fl April Endemic E longlcuspis, Hk.f in Fl B var., Thw Enum 341 E cristatum, Ind vi 573 (1893) C P 789 Fl B Ind vi 573 Stem short, as thick as a swan's quill; 2-2| in., linear- acuminate, flat, many-veined, opaque, coriaceous sheath obscurely villous at the base within scapes or 2, 18-20 in., very slender, weak, flexuous, tip of sheath membranous heads \ in diam., the black cusps of the bracteoles contrasting with the small white fl bracts very small, cuneately obovate, scarious, blackish; recept hemispheric, clothed with long hairs bracteoles cuneiform, tips rounded, toothed, and with a long black cusp, glabrous or the inner subulate, ; ; ; ; dorsally villous; male and fern fl stipitate, male sep 3, narrow, concave, tips hairy, one lobe of cor much exceeding the bracteoles, villous, spathulate, stam 6; fern sep 3, linearoblong, stipitate, pet narrowly spathulate, ciliate, each with a black spot seeds not seen ; Lower montane zone ; very rare Ramboda (Gardner) Fl Jan Endemic E atratum, Korn hi Linncsa, Thw Enum 241 C P 61 (part) xxvii 610 (1854) Fl B Ind vi 574 Stem 1-4 in., densely tufted, erect or decumbent, and sometimes branched, as thick as a swan's quill at the base or more slender; 4-6 by y1 TV in., narrowly linear, obtuse or acute, erect or spreading from an erect base, thick in texture, veins very many and close-set, sheath more or less woolly at the base within; scape solitary, 6-12 in., tip of sheath membranous; head |-| in diam., hemispheric; bracts cuneately — obovate, incurved, rigid, convex, black, grey, or yellowish, shining, glabrous, inner acute; recept hemispheric, densely Eriocaulmece Eriocaulon.] with long hairs; bracteoles orbicular-ovate, black, dorsally shortly bearded above the middle, outer very shortly cuspidate, inner acute, male fl stipitate, sep 3, obovate, dorsally densely villous, one lobe of corolla much the longest, much exceeding the bracteoles, obovate, villous all over, stam 6; fern fl subsessile, sep concave, narrower, flat, cor sessile or stipitate, pet 3, oblanceolate, villous, or all with a black spot; seeds not seen villous Montane zone Moist places Feb., March in rather common Central Province, ; Galagama (Gardner) 6000-8000 alt ft ; Maskeliyat (Pearson) Fl Endemic Gardner's number for this was 932, not 972 as in Herb Kew Mr the invol bracts varying as described above Pearson has collected specimens with E sezang-ulare, L Sp PI 87 (1753) Kokmota, S Burm Thes 108 Fl Zeyl n 49 Herm Mus E Wallichianum, Mart.; Thw Enum 341 Trim Syst Cat Ceyl 99 C P 220 Wall PL As Rar t 249 Fl B Ind vi 580 ; Stem as thick as the little finger or less, short, rarely elongate; 4-12 by \-\ in broad at the base, narrowed from the base to the subacute or acuminate tip, thin, many-veined, opaque, striate, drying brown; scapes many, tall, up to 18 in high, slender, stiff, stoutly 5-ribbed, sheath 3-6 in., herbaceous, tip ending in a long green point; heads \-\ in diam., globose, hemispheric or conical, sometimes viviparous, hard, hoary, base truncate, at length intruded bracts short, subquadrate or orbicular, spreading, rigidly coriaceous, closely appressed £0 the fl., glabrous, yellow, shining; recept globose, hemispheric or columnar, sparsely hairy; bracteoles densely imbricate, broadly cuneate-spathulate, cuspidate, rigid, tip dark, hoary with snow-white powdery pubescence male fl quite flat, connate, flabelliform, crenate - toothed, sep free or glabrous, cor.-lobes minute, triangular, ciliate, stam 6; fern fl strongly compressed, subsessile, sep 3, very large, dolabriForm and cymbiform, acute, incurved, dorsally broadly winged, third small, linear, flat, pet filiform, terminated by a pencil of long hairs; seeds oblong or subglobose, TV in diam., red; ; brown, ribbed, Wet ribs papillose common Dec, March, July Abundant places in moist low country; very cinnamon gardens, Colombo Fl in the ' In Tropical Asia generally Madagascar According to Continental Indian specimens the male fl vary greatly, sometimes approaching the fern, in the form of the sepals, or are, with them, very much reduced ; x ; Enocaiilonece E Thwaltesii, Korn a/tum, Korn \Eriocauion E Neesi- in Linntza, xxvii 627 (1854) 628 c E truncatum, Thvv Enum 341 (part) C P 790 (part) Fl B Ind vi 583 Stem very sometimes as thick as the little broad in the middle, subulate, linear, or ensiform, acute or acuminate, opaque, 3-5-veined scapes many, 2-6 in., slender, flexuous, 5-ribbed, tip of sheath acuminate, herbaceous heads ±-\ in diam., hemispheric or obconic, hoary, base at length intruded bracts obovate-oblong or nearly orbicular, spreading and incurved, glabrous, coriarecept convex, densely ceous, shining, pale straw - col'd villous with long hairs; bracteoles cuneately oblanceolate or spathulate, acute or obtuse, greyish, scarious, dorsally hoary above the middle; male fl stipitate, stipes crinite with long hairs male sep 2, obovate-oblong, concave, dorsally rounded or almost keeled, glabrous or nearly so, cor.-lobes very minute, disk with black spots, stam 3-6; fern fl sessile or stipitate, sep 2, cymbiform, acute, dorsally rounded, sometimes with a thickened keel, cor sessile or stipitate, pet filiform, very short, terminated by a pencil of long hairs; seeds about TV m long, oblong, with papillose ridges, dark red-brown finger; short, stout, 2-10 by Ê-Đ in ; ; ; ; ; ô Moist region, up to about 4000 ft rather rare Ramboda (Gardner) (Thwaites) Kitulgala Fl Jan.-March Also in Nilgiri Mountains ; Ambagamuwa ; E Brownianum, Mart, in Wall PL As Rar Thw Enum 341 C P 377 and 378 (part) Wall Fl B Ind vi 576 Stem 1-3 PI As Rar t iii 25 (1832) 248 from a stout copiously rooting rootstock up to in diam.; 6-18 by to— m broad, narrowly linear to ensiform, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely hairy; scape 1-2 ft., stout or slender, 7-ribbed and deeply solitary, grooved, glabrous or sparsely hairy, and sheaths up to in long, tip acuminate, green head \-\ in diam., globose or hemispheric, snow-white, bracts \-\ in., as long as the fl., obovate-oblong or cuneiform, spreading, at length reflexed, glabrous, pubescent or villous, pale or dark grey; recept in., - ; or convex, covered with long straight hairs; outer bracteoles broadly cuneiform, inner spathulate, obtuse, all densely villous above the middle with white hairs male fl long-stipitate, stipes hairy, sep broadly spathulate, free or connate, tips dorsally bearded, cor.-lobes subequal, minute, fimbriate, stam fern fl very shortly stipitate, sep cymbiform, acute or cuspidate, dorsally hirsute, cor with ov shortly stipitate; pet linear or narrowly oblong, villous with long flat ; ; Eriocaulonece Eriocaulon?[ straight hairs and with a black spot on the disk; seeds diam., oblong or subglobose, ribbed, ribs papillose ^ in Montane zone, chiefly in higher region rather common Adam's Peak (Gardner); Ambagamuwa; N Eliya; Rangala; Knuckles Moun; Swampy tain; &c places in the Central Province, alt March, Sept., Oct Also in Khasia and the Nilgiri Mountains Very variable, the leaves often much broader than (Pearson) 5500-7200 ft Fl in Wallich's figure 10 E luzulaefolium, Mart, hi Wall PI As Rar Schnizl Icon Fl Brit Ind vi 582 t 46, f iii 28 (1832) 2, Perennial (?); stem stout or slender, sometimes as thick as a swan's quill, densely fibrous; 1-3 in., broadly subulate, narrowed from the base to the acuminate tip, many- veined, opaque or translucent; scapes many, 3-12 in., slender, 5-7-ribbed, flexuous, sheath obtuse; heads small, hemispheric, i in diam., pale greyish, pubescent, base truncate, intruded; bracts erect or spreading, outer broadly cuneiform, subcoriaceous, shining, glabrous; recept conical or columnar, villous with long hairs; bracteoles cuneately oblanceolate, obtuse or subacute, dorsally shortly hairy; male fl stipitate, sep 3, free or 2-connate, tips ciliate, cor -lobes minute, obtuse, stam 6; fern fl stipes slender, sep 3, narrow, concave, dorsally tipped with bristles, cor with ov stipitate or subsessile, linear-lanceolate, ciliate; seeds oblong, yellow, faintly ribbed, and most closely transversely ridged, appearing echinulate Ceylon (Gardner) Throughout Continental India Closely resembles quinqnangulare, from which the seeds distinguish it 11 E truncatum, Ham ex Mart, in forms Wall PI As Rar of iii E 29