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Final year project LAPAZ Tower PART CONSTRUCTION (45%) INTRUCTOR: VUONG DO TUAN CUONG STUDENT : NGUYEN DUC DUY CLASS : 56XE ID :5655.56 TASK: Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION METHOD I.1 PROJECT INFOMATION I.1.1 Location Project name: Investor: Location: LAPAZ Tower Danang Housing investment development joint stock company 38 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Thach Thang, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city Floor count: 19 Land area: 1000m2 Constructed area: 784m2 Floor area: 11232m2 North, South and East sides of the building are near residential areas West side is adjacent to Nguyen Chi Thanh Street I.1.2 Building structure 1) Foundation Foundation system of the project includes: Bored pile D1000: 66 piles Height of pile cap: h = 1.5 (m) Tie beam: b x h = 500 x 700 (mm) Because the elevation of pile top is not too deep from natural ground level and being convenient for construction, bored piles will be constructed from the elevation of the natural ground The concrete level of bored pile is 1m beyond the pile cap bottom Afterwards, sand will be filled into the bored hole to natural ground level 2) Basements In this project, the building has basements with the total depth of 6.4m from the elevation of first floor and 4.4m from the natural ground level Larssen sheet pile will be used as retaining wall to protect excavation pit from landslide 3) Superstructure The structural system is combination of steel frame and reinforced concrete shear core The frame with steel column, composite beam and slab bear the vertical load The shear core bear the horizontal load The column and the beam are prefabricated in the factory They will be transported and installed in the construction site The composite slab and shear core will be cast in situ Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower 4) Ground water In the area of this project, the ground water level is 7m deep under the natural ground level Therefore, ground water may have no effects on the construction of pile cap and basements 5) Transportation The building is located in the city, so the material transportation time is depend on the law of the city The access to the construction site is large The material is supplied adequately and continuously 6) Electricity and water Electricity and water for construction demand can be taken from the city network 7) Residential environment Around the construction area are houses and shops in operation, so the air and noise pollution must be minimize maximally I.2 UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION METHOD II.2.1 Excavation method Excavation method is Bottom up method All the pits are excavated to design depth (bottom elevation of pile cap) Manual or mechanical method can be both applied depends on the particular requirement of the project After the excavation, construction sequence will be started from basement to roof This method is applicable for project with medium excavation depth and can be executed with simple construction machine Advantages: Simple construction sequence, high level of accuracy The construction solution for basements is simple due to their similarity to the superstructure part Anti-leakage method for basements can be carried out easier Dewatering from the foundation pit is simpler by using water pump Disadvantages: Difficult in construction for project with large depth of excavation (especially when the top soil is weak) Excavate without using sheetpile will require large construction area Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower Not safe for neighboring buildings Larssen sheet pile will be used as retaining wall to protect excavation pit from landslide II.2.2 Foundation construction method For this project, using bored pile method Bored pile is a type of reinforced concrete pile which is used to support high building which has heavy vertical load Bored pile is a cast-in-place concrete pile where the bored piles have to be cast on construction site Advantages: Higher load bearing capacity Maintain stable shaft Ease to identify strata type Less any disturbance and subsidence to the surrounding areas Less noise and vibration Disadvantages: Difficult to test quality The execution environment construction is muddy, dirty CHAPTER II BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION II.1 BORED PILE PARAMETERS Bored pile parameters: Diameter: D1000 Quantity: 66 piles Elevation of pile tip: -30.0m Pile cap height: 1.5m Elevation of pile cap bottom: -5.9m Tie beam: 500x700mm Elevation of tie beam top: -5.2m II.2 BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE Bored pile construction sequence: Preparation Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project Positioning Casing lowering Drilling Betonite pumping Acceptance of bored hole depth Reinforcement cage lowering Tremie pipe installing Bored hole flushing Concrete pouring Quality control LAPAZ Tower II.2.1 Pile boring Hydraulic rig/manually operable auger should be mobilized at the required location Four reference points (making two lines perpendicular to each other) should be marked for checking centre of pile bore during boring of pile Initial boring of about 2.0 meters is to be done using cutting tool of desired diameter of pile Then boring will be carried out according to the sub-soil investigation report of that location by using bentonite The temporary guide casing, approximately 5.0 meter length with outside diameter equivalent to nominal diameter of the pile, may then lowered in the bore hole Position / centerline of the guide casing pipe with reference to pile reference points already fixed around the pile location shall be checked to shift/adjust the casing pipe to ensure proceeding of drilling at exact pile location without any deviation Boring has to be done up to the founding strata as per drawings/ pre decided depth using intermittently bentonite slurry as per requirement In case of requirement the bored hole is then supplied with bentonite slurry, from bentonite installation Bentonite circulation channel will be made from bored hole to bentonite tank and fresh bentonite slurry will be pumped to bore hole through hose pipes 24 hours prior to start of pile boring, ensure that bentonite is completely dispersed and the water and attains required Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower density to stabilize the sides of bore hole during drilling Bentonite slurry of specified quality should be circulated continuously during boring process Bentonite used to stabilize the sides of bore hole should be conforming to requirements as listed in inspection and test plan Density of bentonite solution should be checked during boring operation to ensure that the density is about 1.05 g/cm3 to 1.15 g/ cm3, marsh cone viscosity 18s to 45s and pH value to 9 Bentonite slurry is pumped by high pressure reciprocating pumps/ vertical pumps into the bored hole and the same is allowed to overflow the bored hole The overflow slurry with bored mud/soil that comes out along with bentonite slurry is passed through channels and is collected in sediment tanks where sediments settle and bentonite can be reused If necessary, the bentonite may be passed through the sand-filter tank to remove sand particles before it is reused 10 Depth of pile shall be checked with sounding chain and exact depth shall be recorded in the pile report II.2.2 Reinforcement Cage Lowering Prefabricated reinforcement cage prepared as following the drawings and approved depths, is brought and kept near pile location while boring is in progress After getting the permission from the engineer, the reinforcement cage will be gently lifted and lowered by crane/manually into the bored hole Necessary concrete cover will be obtained by using the concrete circular cover blocks (spacers) already made of the same strength as of pile If the reinforcement cage is very long and not possible to handle in one lift, the cage will be lifted one by one and spot welded at the joints and then lowered inside the bored hole It is to be checked whether the reinforcement cage has reached up to bottom of the pile by measuring from the top of the cage to the ground level II.2.3 Flushing After cage lowering, 250 mm diameter tremie pipes in suitable lengths are to be lowered in the hole The operation is done by lowering one tremie pipe after another and connecting them threading to maintain water tightness throughout its length till the gap between the pile base and Tremie is between75 – 100 mm the tremie pipe is locked/supported from top to maintain the level and funnel is attached on top The tremie head to be provided to the tremie pipe for the flushing activity The bore is flushed by fresh bentonite slurry through the tremie head The pumping for flushing is Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower done by use of mud circulation pump Flushing will be done to remove all the loose sediments which might have accumulated on the founding strata Further, the flushing operation shall be continued till the consistency of inflowing and out flowing slurry is similar II.2.4 Pile Concreting The concrete placing shall not proceed if desity of fluid near about the bottom of borehole exceeds 1.15 g/ cm3 Determination of the density of the drilling mud from the base of the borehole shall be carried out by taking samples of fluid by suitable slurry sample approved by the engineer in charge, in first few piles and at suitable interval of piles thereafter and the results recorded After flushing is completed, tremie head should be removed and funnel should be attached to the tremie pipe The slump of the concrete will be maintained at 180 mm to 200 mm Concreting operation will be carried out using the 50 mm diameter tremie pipes Initial charge of concrete should be given in the funnel using a plug Total concrete quantity in the funnel should be more than the volume of the entire pipe plus free space below the tremie This will ensure a water tight concrete pouring through tremie Lifting and lowering is repeated keeping sufficient concrete in funnel all the time As the concreting proceeds the tremie pipe are to be removed one by one, taking care that the tremie pipe has sufficient embedment in the concrete until the whole pipe is concreted Sufficient head of green concrete shall be maintained to prevent inflow of soil or water in to concrete Placing of concrete shall be a continuous process from the toe level to top of pile The concrete is poured in the funnel As the concrete reaches the top of the funnel, the plug is lifted up to allow the concrete to flow corresponding to the placing of each batch of concrete The concreting of pile is to be done up to 1000 mm above the cut off level to get good and sound concrete at cut off level 10 After completion of concreting tremie, funnel and other accessories are to be washed properly and kept greased in proper stacking condition near next pile location Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower II.3 CALCULATION OF CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS II.3.1 Excavating soil volume The pile tip is 30m deep from the natural ground level The volume of soil that need to be excavated per D1000 pile: 12 V � �30 23.56(m ) Use backhoe to move generated spoil onto dump trucks II.3.2 Bentonite volume During pile boring process, bentonite slurry is circulated continuously Bentonite volume for a bored hole: 12 V � �30 �1.2 28.27(m3 ) Bentonite volume for day in construction site: 28.27 �2 56.54(m3 ) Select one 50 m3-fresh-bentonite-storage-tank and one 25m3-used-bentonite-storage-tank II.3.3 Concrete volume For D1000 bored pile: 12 V � �30 �1.15 27.10( m3 ) Coefficient 1.15 accounts for the extra concrete volume due to the increase in diameter of bored hole II.3.4 Construction machine 1) Pile boring machine Select pile boring machine: HITACHI KH-100 having the following parameters: Boom length ( m ) 19 Bored pile diameter ( mm ) 6001500 Maximum drilling depth ( m ) 43 Drilling speed ( rev/min ) 1224 Drilling moment ( KNm ) 4051 Weight ( T ) 36.8 Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE Final year project LAPAZ Tower Figure III Pile boring machine HITACHI KH-100 2) Bentonite mixing machine Due to the required volume of bentonite is 56.54m3 per day, select bentonite mixing machine BE-15A with the following parameters: Machine Mixing tank volume (m3) Productivity (m3/h) Pressure (kN/m2) BE-15A 1.5 15-18 1.5 3) Bentonite pumping machine Pumping machine Productivity (m3/h) Duct diameter (mm) Pumping pressure (kG/cm2) 4) Air compressor Air compressor Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE BSA 1002SV 20 150 76 HWO-5 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Capacity (kW) Pressure (kG/cm2) Air flow (l/min) Selft-weight (kG) 5) Concrete mixer truck Select DONGFENG12 concrete mixer truck (12m3 concrete mixer tank) DONGFENG12 concrete mixer truck Concrete capacity (m3) Water tank capacity (m3) Weight (T) Output material speed (m3/min) Average speed (km/h) 3.7 12 560 55 12 0.4 31 30 Effective concrete volume: 0.8 x 12 = 9.6m3 Time for a concrete truck to finish pouring concrete: 9.6 / 4.8(mins) Use concrete trucks with 5-10 minutes away from each other to pour concrete for one bored pile 6) Dump truck Soil volume of one bored hole: 12 V � �30 23.56(m3 ) Time for boring hole: 150 (minutes) Select HUYNDAI HD270 dump truck having capacity 10m3 Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 10 Final year project f max LAPAZ Tower 4.91�70 70 0.02cm � f 0.175cm 128 �2.1�10 �23.48 400 Deformation condition is satisfied 3) Check bearing capacity of top stringers Slab formworks are placed on the top stringers Top stringers are supported by bottom stringers Both stringers have the cross-section dimension of 100x100 Strength condition: Total factored vertical load applied on top stringer: p tt 1864.2 �0.7 1304.94(kG / m) Maximum moment applied on top stringer: M max p tt �lh � �W R �W 10 10W 10 �166.67 �110 118.5cm tt p 13.05 lh � Choose the distance between bottom stringers is 100cm Deformation condition: Total unfactored vertical load applied on top stringer: p tc 1228.5 �0.7 859.95(kG / m) Deformation condition: f max f max p tc �l4 l � f 128EJ 400 13.05 �100 100 0.12cm � f 0.25cm 128 �10 �833.33 400 Deformation condition is satisfied 4) Check bearing capacity of bottom stringer Because the distance between the bottom stringers is 1000mm and the load from the top stringer is applied at the support, so it is not necessary to check the strength and deformation condition for bottom stringer 5) Check bearing capacity of PAL scaffold PAL scaffold supports bottom stringer The load applied on PAL scaffold: P 1�1304.94 1304.94( kG ) Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 77 Final year project LAPAZ Tower In accordance with the catalog of Hoa Phat Company, bearing capacity of combination scaffold is 35.3T 1.3T Satisfactory 6) Check bearing capacity of single prop When the space is not large enough to install PAL scaffold, we use single prop to support the bottom stringer Load applied on single prop: P 1�1304.94 1304.94( kG ) According to the catalogue of Hoa Phat Company, the bearing capacity of single prop is 1.7T 1.3T satisfactory VI.3.2 Quantity construction Formwork area of basement slab is 338.13(m2) Volume of concrete is 132.56(m3) Reinforcement mass is 10.4(T) VI.3.3 Construction method 1) Formwork installation Install slab formwork following the sequence: Put the stringers into U-head of combination support, fix the stringers by nails Install the top stringers with the distance of 70 cm and bottom stringers with the distance 10cm Install the plain formwork Add wooden formwork for some small area Adjust the elevation by U-head and jack base Check the stability of formwork and supports and check the elevation again Using brace to connect combination supports, ensure the stability Some requirements of formwork installation task: Be careful when moving formwork, avoid deflection and bending Formwork must be close and tight, no leaking of concrete mortar during casting and vibrating Ensure the dimension, position and quantity as designing Before installation, clean formwork and paint nonstick oil for dismantling easily Installing formwork based on principle: remain rigidity, stability and easy to removal Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 78 Final year project LAPAZ Tower The supports must be stable, no sliding Check the stability of all scaffold, supports, formwork, passage-way to ensure the safety 2) Reinforcement installation Reinforcements are fabricated on the storage and then moved to the position by tower crane Slab rebar is directly installed on slab formwork Install the rebar bearing the positive moment first and then the rebar bearing the negative moment Add concrete spacers and steel spacers (that ensures the space between two reinforcement layers) Note: moving on slab reinforcement is restricted to avoid deformation The later installed reinforcing steels have no impaction on the previous installed one Steels must be the exact type as designed Steels must be correct in terms of sizes, shape, distance, numbers and position of bars Make sure the thickness of the protection layer for reinforcing steel The connection of steel bars must ensure the technical requirements 3) Concrete work: Pouring concrete method: Pouring concrete by mobile pumps Pump pipe is also used to transfer concrete in horizontal direction (don’t need to use concrete distribution arm) Requirements of concrete mortar: Be regularly mixed, ensure the homogeneous ingredients Ensure the mix design as the concrete grade Ensure the mixing, transporting, pouring and vibrating in the shortest time that is less than hardening time of concrete (~4 hours) Concrete mortar after mixing must ensure the requirements of construction Ensure the slump limit to facilitate the pouring, vibrating and taking out of the transport means Ensure the workability to fulfill the area with many reinforcing steels and the corners and sides of formwork For single distance of concrete structures, the requirements for slump limit and necessary time to vibrate concrete will be different Slump limit of concrete mortar will correspond to the appropriate concrete pouring method, by pump: s = 15 to 18cm Requirements of transporting concrete: After completion of mixing, concrete must be transported to the pouring location Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 79 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Use proper transport equipment to avoid segregation of concrete aggregates, mortar leak or water leak because of weather impacts like wind or sun The manpower, tools and equipment for construction or transport should be managed to be in line with the concrete volume, and velocity of mixing, pouring and vibrating The time for keeping the concrete mix during transport need to be defined by testing based on weather conditions, cement type and the additives The transport time should not longer than hours Pouring concrete: Before pouring concrete, the formwork and rebar must be inspected & handedover, the working platform must be checked The surface where concrete will be poured must be prepared well Using cement mortar to clean pump pipe before pouring concrete The concrete truck pours concrete into the mobile pump Concrete is pushed up to the floor level Pouring concrete from far to near by moving the pump pipe workers adjust the pump pipe and workers use raker to level concrete Vibrating concrete: For slab concrete, we use both needle vibrator and surface vibrator Using needle vibrator when pouring concrete for retaining wall and shear core For surface vibrator: Vibrating in orders, avoid missing areas Gently moving the vibrating (need to pull up the vibrator head while moving) Appropriate vibrating time for one position is t = 30 – 50 seconds The overlapping area between layers/posotions is 3-5cm Curing concrete: In summer, the outside temperature is high (t0 > 300oC), the water amount in concrete mixture can quickly evaporate so that there will be insufficient water for the consolidating process of concrete As a result, concrete quality is low, the loading capacity is not strong as design Common defect is the whitening on concrete surface As such, after pouring concrete, we need to cure concrete (after 7-8 hours) Add water by spraying regularly times/day If temperature t0 is too high, add water regularly hours/time/day The curing time depends on the cement type For concrete made of pooclang cement, water adding should be implemented for at least days For concrete made of aluminum oxide, water adding should be implemented for days Cover the concrete surface by canvas or sand, then add water to keep humidity for concrete Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 80 Final year project CHAPTER VII LAPAZ Tower CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE VII.1 OVERVIEW In order to choose the most suitable method, construction work should be modeled under schedules, which demonstrate: construction solutions, coordination of space and time of the construction methods, completion time of the building, demand for labor, materials, capital etc, scale of construction site, management apparatus, and control of material and technical base at site The schedule is a tool to direct workers how to conduct construction activities and a mean to check their implementation Principles of planning the schedule: Durations for scheduling and organizing methods of construction must ensure the completion times of each work item, component, and the entire project as required Implement thoroughly and continuously the coordination of space and time of erection processes to ensure the stabilization of production, comply with technical conditions, ensure the safety for people and equipment, use air conditioning and other resources economically Increase productivity by applying advanced construction methods Applying the Line of Balance technique is a basic principle in organizing and scheduling construction work of a building unit Documents for scheduling: The drawings of construction design and guidance notes of erection technology The start and finish dates of construction works Types, specifications of materials, equipment and means of transport The data of construction surveys The capacity of construction contractors and the ability of the project’s client VII.2 PROCEDURE FOR SETTING UP A SCHEDULE There are 12 steps for setting up a construction schedule: Technologies analysis Create list of tasks Quantification work Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 81 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Specify the construction method Specify the construction scheduling parameters Specify duration and resources to be used Develop initial schedule Economical-Technical analysis Compare with initial requirements Optimize the schedule Approve the schedule Create resources graph VII.3 QUANTIFICATION WORK Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 82 Final year project LAPAZ Tower No Task unit Volume Norm Time(day) Labor 1776 Bored pile construction pile 66 35 60 Larssen sheet pile construction pile 312 Excavation stage (manual) m3 180.9 52 Installing anchoring system 50 10 Excavation stage ( machine) m3 5190.4 13 Excavation stage ( manual) m3 85.86 24 Pile top cropping m3 59.4 10 Pouring lean concrete of pile caps and tie beams m3 50,.2 0.57 29 Bricking work for supporting tie beams m3 76 0.6 23 10 Installing reinforcement of pile caps and tie beams T 62.65 4.5 94 11 Installing formwork of pile caps and tie beams 100m 5.25 17.2 45 0.28 0.28 12 Pouring concrete of pile caps and tie beams m3 531.81 0.49 130 13 Dismantling formwork of pile caps and tie beams 100m 5.25 10 26 909.98 0.28 85 14 Backfilling with sand and compacting Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 83 m3 Final year project LAPAZ Tower 15 Pouring lean concrete of 2nd basement slab m3 44.14 0.57 25 16 Installing formwork of 2nd basement slab 100m 0.21 10.8 2 Installing reinforcement of 2nd basement slab T 4.46 4.5 20 17 Pouring concrete of 2nd basement slab m3 189.44 0.49 93 18 Dismantling formwork of 2nd basement slab 100m 0.21 8.1 2 19 20 21 22 Installing reinforcement of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement Installing formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement 23 24 25 26 Pouring concrete of retaining wall and shear core of nd basement Dismantling formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 2nd basement Pouring concrete of elevator block Erecting column of basement Erecting beam of 2nd basement Installing formwork of 1st basement slab 27 28 29 Installing reinforcement of 1st basement slab Pouring concrete of 1st basement slab Dismantling formwork of 1st basement slab Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 84 T 12.42 5.45 34 100m m3 100m m3 T T 100m T m3 100m 10.37 7.78 40 145.03 10.37 1.02 3.33 1 148 35 13.26 20 36.82 3.38 1.02 3.88 2.46 7.55 14 39 15 26 10.4 132.56 3.38 5.9 1.02 3.23 1 31 135 11 Final year project 30 31 32 33 LAPAZ Tower Installing reinforcement of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Installing formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement 34 Pouring concrete of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Dismantling formwork of retaining wall and shear core of 1st basement Leveling with sand and compacting (machine) 35 36 37 Removaling anchoring system and larsen sheet pile Erecting beam of 1st basement Installing formwork of the first floor slab 38 39 40 Installing reinforcement of the first floor slab Pouring concrete of the first floor slab Dismantling formwork of the first floor slab Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 85 T 10.49 5.45 29 100m m3 100m 100m 10.17 7.78 40 133.66 10.17 1.02 3.33 1 136 34 13.31 0.7 10 36.61 3.38 2.46 7.55 15 15 26 10.4 132.56 3.38 5.9 1.02 3.33 1 61 135 11 T 100m T m3 100m Final year project LAPAZ Tower CHAPTER VIII SITE LOGISTICS VIII.1 OVERVIEW Construction site layout is a set of plans that demonstrates planned location of buildings which will be constructed, arrangement of material and technical basis in order to serve construction process and human life within the boundaries of construction site Construction site layout is a very important content indispensable in the “construction organization design” and “construction management plan” files General concept of construction site layout design includes the following issues: Determine specific location of buildings planned on the land granted to construct Locate cranes, main equipment, and plants for construction Design transportation system on the site Design storage areas on the site Design auxiliary workshops Design temporary facilities on the site Design temporary technical network on the site (electricity, water supply and drainage…) Design systems of safety, security, and site cleaning Principles to design construction logistics: Construction site layout must be designed so that temporary technical and material basis provide the best services for construction process, not affect technology, quality, construction duration, labour safety and environmental sanitation Reduce the cost of constructing temporary facilities by: salvaging / utilizing parts of constructed building, selecting temporary facilities that are low – cost, easy to dismantle and move … Temporary facilities should be located in a favourable position to avoid wasting caused by repeated movement Designing construction site layout must follow instructions, standards of engineering design, regulations of labour safety, fire safety and environmental sanitation Gain experience in designing construction site layout and construction site organization conducted before; willing to apply the progress of science, technology, economic management, etc in designing construction site layout Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 86 Final year project LAPAZ Tower VIII.2 MATERIAL STORAGE Quantity of material in storehouse: Steel: Q = 62.65 Ton Formwork: Q = 525 m2 Storage areas Fc is the area directly contain materials, calculated by: Fc Q (m ) d d: the standard material quantity defined by norm contained on 1m2 of the storage spaces Storage area F, including access for loading, unloading, fire safety…is calculated as below: α: site using factor for general storehouses: α=1.5 - 1.7 for closed storage: α=1.4 - 1.6 for out-door storage spaces: α=1.1 - 1.2 for large out-door storage spaces: α=1.2 - 1.3 No Materials Unit Mass Storage Steel T 62.65 Formwork m3 10.5 Half out-door Half out-door Norm 1m2 1.5 Fc m2 41.7 1.5 F m2 62.55 1.5 1.5 10.5 VIII.3 TEMPORARY FACILITIES VIII.3.1 Man power There are main groups of labor for the construction: Group of Main workers (N1): N1=48 workers Group of Supporting workers (N2): N2=25%.N1=12 workers Group of technical staffs/engineers (N3): Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 87 α Final year project LAPAZ Tower N3=5%( N1+N2) = staffs Group of administration and commercial staff (N4): N4=5%(N1+N2+N3) = staffs Group of supporting staffs (N5): security guards, sanitation staff…, N5=5%(N1+N2+N3+N4) =4 staffs G=N1+N2+N3+N4+N5 = 71 peoples VIII.3.2 Temporary facilities area Temporary house for workers : (4m2/worker) S1=(48+12)x4=240 m2 Temporary office for technical engineer and administration and economical staff: S2=30 m2 Temporary house for shower: (25 people/2.5 m2 room) The number of shower room : 71/25 = rooms S3=3x2.5=7.5 m2 Canteen : 40m2/100 people S4=0.4x71=30 m2 WC: 25 people/2.5m2 room The number of WC : 71/25 = rooms (plus WCs for office area) S5=3x2.5=7.5 m2 Clinic: 0.04m2/person S6=9 m2 Security boot : S7=6.25 m2 Head-office: S8=30 m2 VIII.3.3 Water supply 1) Water for construction Q1=1.2 x Ai x Kg/(8 x 3600) (l/s) Where: Ai is quantity of water for construction equipment Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 88 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Ai:water for curing concrete : Ai=532x200=106400 (l/shift) Kg=2: unequal usage factor in one hour Q1=1.2x(106400)x2/(8x3600)=8.86(l/s) 2) Domestic water This kind of water used for living activities on-site (canteen, shower, etc.) Q2=N x B x kg/(8 x 3600) Where: N: is the maximum labors on site B=15 (l/day): is the quantity of water for worker on site from standard kg=1.8: unequal usage factor in one hour Q2=131 x 15 x 1.8/(8 x 3600)=0.12 (l/s) 3) Water supply for housing unit Q3=Nc x C x kg x Kng/(24 x 3600) Where: Nc :People live in the site,Nc=60 people C=50l/day :quantity of water for people in a day from standard kg=1.5: unequal usage factor in one hour kng=1.4: unequal usage factor in one day Q3=60 x 50 x 1.5 x 1.4/(24 x 3600)=0.07 (l/s) 4) Water for firefighting Water is also needed for firefighting in the building and housing units, it depends on the number of occupations and the area of the building and units, can be determined about 1020 litter per second or checked in standard tables Choose Q4=10 (l/s) Total water consumed in a day is Q=0.7(Q1+Q2+Q3)+Q4=16.34 (l/s) 5) Water pipe diameter Main pipe D 4Q �16.34 0.13m �V �1000 �1.2 �1000 Selecting diameter of pipe is D=150mm Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 89 Final year project LAPAZ Tower 6) Water sources Water can be taken from the following sources: From water supply system of city for domestic From river for construction The pile system is placed 25cm depth in ground VIII.3.4 Power supply 1) Consumed power on construction site �K1 �P1 K �P2 � Pt � K P K P � � � 3 4 � cos � cos � � �P 4.4 14 66.5 84.9(kW ) is rated power of machine using engine Concrete mixer for lean concrete : P = 4.4 kW x Vibrator : P = 1kW x 14 Tower crane : P = 66.5 kW x cos 0.7 is the power factor �P 40kW �P kW �P 16kW 2 is required power of manufacturing process(welding machine) :is required power of out – door lighting is required power of in – house lighting Ki is unequal using factor of electrical loads K1 = K2 = 0.7 ; K3 = 0.8 ; K4 = 0.6 �K1 �P1 K �P2 � Pt � � cos cos K �P3 K �P4 � � 140.1(kW ) � � 2) Power network Use phase electricity network (380V / 220V) The cross section of electrical wire is chosen from the formula : S Where: 100 ��P �L K �U �U d (mm ) L: total length of wire around the construction site K=34.5: Factor of using aluminum wire ΔU = 5% Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 90 Final year project LAPAZ Tower Ud = 380V Nguyen Duc Duy-565556-56XE 91 ... bored pile construction So total labor for bored pile construction in one day is 60 labors CHAPTER III SHEET PILE CONSTRUCTION III.1 CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION According to the underground construction. .. 6) Electricity and water Electricity and water for construction demand can be taken from the city network 7) Residential environment Around the construction area are houses and shops in operation,... the excavation, construction sequence will be started from basement to roof This method is applicable for project with medium excavation depth and can be executed with simple construction machine